ESG Impact, Risk & opportunities public analysis
FINGREEN AI has analyzed this company, based on the publicly available data on the
Internet, as a showcase of our technology. For a more granular analysis, you can add private
documents for our AI to work through. Get in touch with us for more information !
Company ID
Services
7
| E-bikes |
| Test Rides |
| Repairs |
| Theft Detection |
| Warranty |
| Leasing |
| B Corp certified |
Partners
6
| o2o |
| Cyclis Bike Lease |
| Joule |
| Lease a Bike |
| VDW |
| Ubike |
Team
3
| Adrien Roose | Entrepreneur | |
| Karim Slaoui | Entrepreneur | |
| Tanguy Goretti | Entrepreneur |
Socials
Public sources
99
Impacts, Risks & Opportunities
Positive impacts
4
Workers in the value chain -
Sustainable Supply Chain Practices
Cowboy's commitment to responsible sourcing and ethical manufacturing practices can enhance its brand reputation and attract environmentally conscious consumers. Implementing sustainable procurement policies and ensuring fair labor practices throughout the supply chain can create a positive social impact and contribute to the company's long-term sustainability goals. This also mitigates reputational risks.
Sources
Climate Change -
Promoting Sustainable Urban Mobility
Cowboy's e-bikes contribute to reducing traffic congestion and greenhouse gas emissions in urban areas. By offering a sustainable alternative to cars and public transport, the company positively impacts air quality and promotes healthier lifestyles. This positive environmental impact aligns with global sustainability goals and enhances Cowboy's brand image.
Sources
Circular Economy -
Waste Management and Recycling
The production and disposal of e-bikes generate waste, including batteries, electronic components, and packaging materials. Implementing effective waste management and recycling programs can minimize Cowboy's environmental footprint, conserve resources, and potentially create cost savings. This positive impact aligns with circular economy principles.
Sources
Own workforce -
Employee Well-being and Development
Investing in employee well-being, training, and development can enhance Cowboy's productivity, innovation, and employee retention. Creating a positive work environment, offering competitive benefits, and providing opportunities for professional growth can attract and retain top talent, contributing to the company's long-term success.
Sources
Risks
6
Business conduct -
Increased Regulatory Scrutiny on E-bike Safety
Evolving safety regulations for e-bikes, such as stricter speed limits or mandatory helmet laws, could impact Cowboy's product design and sales. Adapting to these regulations might require design modifications, increased production costs, and potential impacts on consumer demand. This poses a financial risk, especially in the short to medium term, as the company needs to ensure compliance while maintaining product appeal.
Sources
Business conduct -
Competition from Established Bike Manufacturers
Traditional bicycle manufacturers entering the e-bike market pose a significant competitive threat to Cowboy. These established players often have larger production capacities, wider distribution networks, and greater brand recognition. Cowboy needs to differentiate its products through innovative features, superior design, and a strong brand identity to maintain its market share.
Sources
Business conduct -
Data Security and Privacy Concerns
As Cowboy's e-bikes are connected devices, data security and user privacy are crucial considerations. A data breach or misuse of user information could severely damage the company's reputation and lead to legal liabilities. Implementing robust data protection measures and ensuring transparent data privacy policies are essential for maintaining customer trust and complying with data protection regulations.
Sources
Circular Economy -
Raw Material Price Volatility
Fluctuations in the prices of raw materials, such as lithium for batteries and aluminum for frames, can significantly impact Cowboy's production costs. Price increases could squeeze profit margins and necessitate price adjustments for consumers, potentially affecting sales volumes. This represents a financial risk that requires careful monitoring and supply chain diversification strategies.
Sources
Business conduct -
E-bike Theft and Vandalism
The increasing popularity of e-bikes also leads to a higher risk of theft and vandalism. This poses a financial risk for both Cowboy and its customers. Developing robust anti-theft features, offering insurance options, and collaborating with local authorities to improve bike security can mitigate this risk and enhance customer confidence.
Sources
Climate Change -
Climate Change Impacts on Operations
Extreme weather events, such as floods and heatwaves, can disrupt Cowboy's supply chain, manufacturing operations, and distribution networks. These disruptions can lead to production delays, increased costs, and potential damage to facilities. Implementing climate adaptation measures and diversifying sourcing locations can mitigate these risks.
Sources
Climate Change
2
Material
-
Positive
material
-
Promoting Sustainable Urban Mobility
Cowboy's e-bikes contribute to reducing traffic congestion and greenhouse gas emissions in urban areas. By offering a sustainable alternative to cars and public transport, the company positively impacts air quality and promotes healthier lifestyles. This positive environmental impact aligns with global sustainability goals and enhances Cowboy's brand image.
Sources
Financial
-
Risk
financial
-
Climate Change Impacts on Operations
Extreme weather events, such as floods and heatwaves, can disrupt Cowboy's supply chain, manufacturing operations, and distribution networks. These disruptions can lead to production delays, increased costs, and potential damage to facilities. Implementing climate adaptation measures and diversifying sourcing locations can mitigate these risks.
Sources
Circular Economy
2
Financial
-
Risk
financial
-
Raw Material Price Volatility
Fluctuations in the prices of raw materials, such as lithium for batteries and aluminum for frames, can significantly impact Cowboy's production costs. Price increases could squeeze profit margins and necessitate price adjustments for consumers, potentially affecting sales volumes. This represents a financial risk that requires careful monitoring and supply chain diversification strategies.
Sources
Material
-
Positive
material
-
Waste Management and Recycling
The production and disposal of e-bikes generate waste, including batteries, electronic components, and packaging materials. Implementing effective waste management and recycling programs can minimize Cowboy's environmental footprint, conserve resources, and potentially create cost savings. This positive impact aligns with circular economy principles.
Sources
Own workforce
1
Material
-
Positive
material
-
Employee Well-being and Development
Investing in employee well-being, training, and development can enhance Cowboy's productivity, innovation, and employee retention. Creating a positive work environment, offering competitive benefits, and providing opportunities for professional growth can attract and retain top talent, contributing to the company's long-term success.
Sources
Workers in the value chain
1
Material
-
Positive
material
-
Sustainable Supply Chain Practices
Cowboy's commitment to responsible sourcing and ethical manufacturing practices can enhance its brand reputation and attract environmentally conscious consumers. Implementing sustainable procurement policies and ensuring fair labor practices throughout the supply chain can create a positive social impact and contribute to the company's long-term sustainability goals. This also mitigates reputational risks.
Sources
Business conduct
4
Financial
-
Risk
financial
-
Increased Regulatory Scrutiny on E-bike Safety
Evolving safety regulations for e-bikes, such as stricter speed limits or mandatory helmet laws, could impact Cowboy's product design and sales. Adapting to these regulations might require design modifications, increased production costs, and potential impacts on consumer demand. This poses a financial risk, especially in the short to medium term, as the company needs to ensure compliance while maintaining product appeal.
Sources
Financial
-
Risk
financial
-
Competition from Established Bike Manufacturers
Traditional bicycle manufacturers entering the e-bike market pose a significant competitive threat to Cowboy. These established players often have larger production capacities, wider distribution networks, and greater brand recognition. Cowboy needs to differentiate its products through innovative features, superior design, and a strong brand identity to maintain its market share.
Sources
Financial
-
Risk
financial
-
Data Security and Privacy Concerns
As Cowboy's e-bikes are connected devices, data security and user privacy are crucial considerations. A data breach or misuse of user information could severely damage the company's reputation and lead to legal liabilities. Implementing robust data protection measures and ensuring transparent data privacy policies are essential for maintaining customer trust and complying with data protection regulations.
Sources
Financial
-
Risk
financial
-
E-bike Theft and Vandalism
The increasing popularity of e-bikes also leads to a higher risk of theft and vandalism. This poses a financial risk for both Cowboy and its customers. Developing robust anti-theft features, offering insurance options, and collaborating with local authorities to improve bike security can mitigate this risk and enhance customer confidence.
Sources
Raw data
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"description": "Cowboy, founded in 2017 in Brussels, Belgium, is dedicated to creating the most efficient and fastest mode of urban transportation. By seamlessly blending design and technology, Cowboy is opening new horizons for urban commuters. The company designs and manufactures connected electric bikes, transforming the cycling and mobility industry from the point of sale to the point of service. Cowboy's mission is to build a better bike, create a better self, and leave a better world. In 2022, Cowboy became the first e-bike maker to achieve B Corp accreditation, joining a global community of responsible companies who meet the highest social and environmental standards. Cowboy aims to equip riders with the tools needed to trace their own path and those of the cities in which they live, all while moving thoughtfully, for the benefit of all.",
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"description": "Evolving safety regulations for e-bikes, such as stricter speed limits or mandatory helmet laws, could impact Cowboy's product design and sales. Adapting to these regulations might require design modifications, increased production costs, and potential impacts on consumer demand. This poses a financial risk, especially in the short to medium term, as the company needs to ensure compliance while maintaining product appeal.",
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"document": "from the product or service in question, and the most vulnerable groups in those markets may also be those with the most to gain from those products/services. For this reason, downstream HRDD should be designed to enable companies to conduct business responsibly, rather than lead companies to stop doing business altogether in markets that may most benefit from",
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"document": "* What are the actual and potential human rights impacts arising from the product/service use, and how can they be avoided, prevented, or mitigated? * Are there any use cases that should be disallowed? * Could the product be unintentionally or intentionally misused to cause harm?",
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"document": "* What is the company\u2019s connection to potential human rights harms? * Does the company\u2019s actions or omissions facilitate or enable harm, by adding to the conditions that make it possible for use of a product by a third party to cause harm?",
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"document": "* Does the company\u2019s actions or omissions incentivize or motivate harm, by making it more likely that a product or service will be used in ways that cause harm? * What measures should the company deploy?",
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"document": "This report explores the intersection between climate and human rights and makes recommendations on taking first steps to create long-term, resilient business strategies that address human rights impacts related to physical climate impacts as well as the transition to a low carbon economy. [ ](https://www.bsr.org/en/reports/business-in-conflict-affected-and-high- risk-contexts) ###### Reports",
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"document": "[ ](https://www.bsr.org/en/reports/human-rights-assessments-identifying-risks- informing-strategy) ###### Reports ##### [ Human Rights Assessments: Identifying Risks, Informing Strategy ](https://www.bsr.org/en/reports/human-rights-assessments-identifying-risks- informing-strategy)",
"metadata": {
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},
{
"document": "According to the UNGPs, companies should identify and assess any actual or potential adverse human rights impacts to gauge human rights risks. BSR shares its human rights assessment methodology to help with this important first step of human rights due diligence. [ Back to Reports ](https://www.bsr.org/en/reports) [ ](https://www.bsr.org/) ##### About BSR",
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},
{
"document": "* [ Services ](https://www.bsr.org/en/industries) * * BSR\u2019s sustainability advisory services help companies to achieve impact and create long-term business value.",
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"time_horizon": "medium",
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"description": "Cowboy's commitment to responsible sourcing and ethical manufacturing practices can enhance its brand reputation and attract environmentally conscious consumers. Implementing sustainable procurement policies and ensuring fair labor practices throughout the supply chain can create a positive social impact and contribute to the company's long-term sustainability goals. This also mitigates reputational risks.",
"material_scope": "current",
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"matter_id": "6",
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{
"document": "Ethics & Transparency 1.5 \\+ Mission Locked 10 What is this? A company with an Impact Business Model is intentionally designed to create a specific positive outcome for one of its stakeholders - such as workers, community, environment, or customers. ### Governance 12.1",
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{
"document": "Diversity, Equity, & Inclusion 3.9 Economic Impact 3.2 Civic Engagement & Giving 1.3 Supply Chain Management 5.8 * * * ### Environment 19.0",
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},
{
"document": "Customer Stewardship 5.0 \\+ Health & Wellness Improvement 8.2 What is this? A company with an Impact Business Model is intentionally designed to create a specific positive outcome for one of its stakeholders - such as workers, community, environment, or customers. * * * ## Overall B Impact Score",
"metadata": {
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"resource_type": "webpage",
"source": "https://www.bcorporation.net/en-us/find-a-b-corp/company/cowboy"
}
},
{
"document": "Ethics & Transparency 1.5 \\+ Mission Locked 10 What is this? A company with an Impact Business Model is intentionally designed to create a specific positive outcome for one of its stakeholders - such as workers, community, environment, or customers. ### Governance 12.1",
"metadata": {
"ext_id": "d89d53ba-bf54-46a8-bfdb-acc5491da5f5",
"origin": "public",
"resource_location": "web",
"resource_type": "webpage",
"source": "https://www.bcorporation.net/en-us/find-a-b-corp/company/cowboy"
}
},
{
"document": "Diversity, Equity, & Inclusion 3.9 Economic Impact 3.2 Civic Engagement & Giving 1.3 Supply Chain Management 5.8 * * * ### Environment 19.0",
"metadata": {
"ext_id": "d89d53ba-bf54-46a8-bfdb-acc5491da5f5",
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"resource_type": "webpage",
"source": "https://www.bcorporation.net/en-us/find-a-b-corp/company/cowboy"
}
},
{
"document": "[ Advisory & Working Groups ](/en-us/standards/advisory-working-groups/) [ Controversial Issues ](/en-us/standards/controversial-issues/) [ Public Complaints Process ](/en-us/standards/complaints/) Programs & Tools [ Programs & Tools ](/en-us/programs-and-tools/) [ B Impact ](/en-us/programs-and-tools/b-impact/) [ B Impact Assessment ](/en-us/programs-and-tools/b-impact-assessment/)",
"metadata": {
"ext_id": "d89d53ba-bf54-46a8-bfdb-acc5491da5f5",
"origin": "public",
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"source": "https://www.bcorporation.net/en-us/find-a-b-corp/company/cowboy"
}
},
{
"document": "responsibility to undertake human rights due diligence in order to address those adverse impacts\u2014for, example, by ensuring that business partners have adequate human rights policies and procedures in place.",
"metadata": {
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"origin": "public",
"resource_location": "web",
"resource_type": "webpage",
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}
},
{
"document": "from the product or service in question, and the most vulnerable groups in those markets may also be those with the most to gain from those products/services. For this reason, downstream HRDD should be designed to enable companies to conduct business responsibly, rather than lead companies to stop doing business altogether in markets that may most benefit from",
"metadata": {
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"origin": "public",
"resource_location": "web",
"resource_type": "webpage",
"source": "https://www.bsr.org/en/reports/human-rights-due-diligence-of-products-and-services"
}
},
{
"document": "### **End Use Assessment** * Due Diligence Questions * Examples of Due Diligence Actions * What is this product or service intended to achieve? * Should the company sell this product or service for this end use? * What is the socially beneficial purpose of this product/service? * How can positive impacts be maximized?",
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],
"value_chain_item_ids": "0,5"
},
{
"description": "Traditional bicycle manufacturers entering the e-bike market pose a significant competitive threat to Cowboy. These established players often have larger production capacities, wider distribution networks, and greater brand recognition. Cowboy needs to differentiate its products through innovative features, superior design, and a strong brand identity to maintain its market share.",
"financial_type": "risk",
"matter_id": "9",
"name": "Competition from Established Bike Manufacturers",
"nature": "financial",
"sources": [
{
"document": "### **B. The Customer/End User** For B2B or B2G sales, what is the human rights track record and context of the customer and destination geography? Should the company make this deal with this customer? ### **C. The Impacts** What adverse human rights impacts might arise? What measures can businesses take to address these human rights harms? ### **D. The Company\u2019s Role**",
"metadata": {
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"origin": "public",
"resource_location": "web",
"resource_type": "webpage",
"source": "https://www.bsr.org/en/reports/human-rights-due-diligence-of-products-and-services"
}
},
{
"document": "Increased public consciousness and stakeholder understanding of downstream human rights impacts, coupled with the emerging HRDD regulatory requirements, is leading to a new era in which companies must be prepared to identify, avoid, prevent, and mitigate the adverse human rights impacts associated with their products and services. BSR anticipates several ways downstream due",
"metadata": {
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"origin": "public",
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"source": "https://www.bsr.org/en/reports/human-rights-due-diligence-of-products-and-services"
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{
"document": "responsibility to undertake human rights due diligence in order to address those adverse impacts\u2014for, example, by ensuring that business partners have adequate human rights policies and procedures in place.",
"metadata": {
"ext_id": "4f542346-cf11-4ab8-bf67-2811f64abbe9",
"origin": "public",
"resource_location": "web",
"resource_type": "webpage",
"source": "https://www.bsr.org/en/reports/human-rights-due-diligence-of-products-and-services"
}
},
{
"document": "laws and regulations, and sector-wide impact assessments to collectively address adverse impacts and achieve transparency at scale in their downstream value chains.",
"metadata": {
"ext_id": "4f542346-cf11-4ab8-bf67-2811f64abbe9",
"origin": "public",
"resource_location": "web",
"resource_type": "webpage",
"source": "https://www.bsr.org/en/reports/human-rights-due-diligence-of-products-and-services"
}
},
{
"document": "from the product or service in question, and the most vulnerable groups in those markets may also be those with the most to gain from those products/services. For this reason, downstream HRDD should be designed to enable companies to conduct business responsibly, rather than lead companies to stop doing business altogether in markets that may most benefit from",
"metadata": {
"ext_id": "4f542346-cf11-4ab8-bf67-2811f64abbe9",
"origin": "public",
"resource_location": "web",
"resource_type": "webpage",
"source": "https://www.bsr.org/en/reports/human-rights-due-diligence-of-products-and-services"
}
},
{
"document": "### **End Use Assessment** * Due Diligence Questions * Examples of Due Diligence Actions * What is this product or service intended to achieve? * Should the company sell this product or service for this end use? * What is the socially beneficial purpose of this product/service? * How can positive impacts be maximized?",
"metadata": {
"ext_id": "4f542346-cf11-4ab8-bf67-2811f64abbe9",
"origin": "public",
"resource_location": "web",
"resource_type": "webpage",
"source": "https://www.bsr.org/en/reports/human-rights-due-diligence-of-products-and-services"
}
},
{
"document": "* Utilize post-sale product feedback and dialogue as a source of learning to help design and develop products and services less likely to be associated with harm, including ongoing training and audits with the customer.",
"metadata": {
"ext_id": "4f542346-cf11-4ab8-bf67-2811f64abbe9",
"origin": "public",
"resource_location": "web",
"resource_type": "webpage",
"source": "https://www.bsr.org/en/reports/human-rights-due-diligence-of-products-and-services"
}
},
{
"document": "### **Customer/End User/Destination Geography Assessment** * Due Diligence Questions * Examples of Due Diligence Actions",
"metadata": {
"ext_id": "4f542346-cf11-4ab8-bf67-2811f64abbe9",
"origin": "public",
"resource_location": "web",
"resource_type": "webpage",
"source": "https://www.bsr.org/en/reports/human-rights-due-diligence-of-products-and-services"
}
},
{
"document": "* What are their stated policies and actual practices regarding the product or service? Do they intend to modify or upgrade the product or service? * Does the user have clear commitments to human rights? Do they have the capacity to mitigate potential adverse impacts?",
"metadata": {
"ext_id": "4f542346-cf11-4ab8-bf67-2811f64abbe9",
"origin": "public",
"resource_location": "web",
"resource_type": "webpage",
"source": "https://www.bsr.org/en/reports/human-rights-due-diligence-of-products-and-services"
}
}
],
"time_horizon": "long",
"value_chain_item_ids": "1,3"
},
{
"description": "As Cowboy's e-bikes are connected devices, data security and user privacy are crucial considerations. A data breach or misuse of user information could severely damage the company's reputation and lead to legal liabilities. Implementing robust data protection measures and ensuring transparent data privacy policies are essential for maintaining customer trust and complying with data protection regulations.",
"financial_type": "risk",
"matter_id": "9",
"name": "Data Security and Privacy Concerns",
"nature": "financial",
"sources": [
{
"document": "### **End Use Assessment** * Due Diligence Questions * Examples of Due Diligence Actions * What is this product or service intended to achieve? * Should the company sell this product or service for this end use? * What is the socially beneficial purpose of this product/service? * How can positive impacts be maximized?",
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"document": "* What is the company\u2019s connection to potential human rights harms? * Does the company\u2019s actions or omissions facilitate or enable harm, by adding to the conditions that make it possible for use of a product by a third party to cause harm?",
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"document": "* Does the company\u2019s actions or omissions incentivize or motivate harm, by making it more likely that a product or service will be used in ways that cause harm? * What measures should the company deploy?",
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"document": "This report explores the intersection between climate and human rights and makes recommendations on taking first steps to create long-term, resilient business strategies that address human rights impacts related to physical climate impacts as well as the transition to a low carbon economy. [ ](https://www.bsr.org/en/reports/business-in-conflict-affected-and-high- risk-contexts) ###### Reports",
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"document": "[ ](https://www.bsr.org/en/reports/human-rights-assessments-identifying-risks- informing-strategy) ###### Reports ##### [ Human Rights Assessments: Identifying Risks, Informing Strategy ](https://www.bsr.org/en/reports/human-rights-assessments-identifying-risks- informing-strategy)",
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"description": "Cowboy's e-bikes contribute to reducing traffic congestion and greenhouse gas emissions in urban areas. By offering a sustainable alternative to cars and public transport, the company positively impacts air quality and promotes healthier lifestyles. This positive environmental impact aligns with global sustainability goals and enhances Cowboy's brand image.",
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{
"document": "Ethics & Transparency 1.5 \\+ Mission Locked 10 What is this? A company with an Impact Business Model is intentionally designed to create a specific positive outcome for one of its stakeholders - such as workers, community, environment, or customers. ### Governance 12.1",
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{
"document": "Diversity, Equity, & Inclusion 3.9 Economic Impact 3.2 Civic Engagement & Giving 1.3 Supply Chain Management 5.8 * * * ### Environment 19.0",
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"document": "Customer Stewardship 5.0 \\+ Health & Wellness Improvement 8.2 What is this? A company with an Impact Business Model is intentionally designed to create a specific positive outcome for one of its stakeholders - such as workers, community, environment, or customers. * * * ## Overall B Impact Score",
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{
"document": "Ethics & Transparency 1.5 \\+ Mission Locked 10 What is this? A company with an Impact Business Model is intentionally designed to create a specific positive outcome for one of its stakeholders - such as workers, community, environment, or customers. ### Governance 12.1",
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"source": "https://www.bcorporation.net/en-us/find-a-b-corp/company/cowboy"
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{
"document": "Diversity, Equity, & Inclusion 3.9 Economic Impact 3.2 Civic Engagement & Giving 1.3 Supply Chain Management 5.8 * * * ### Environment 19.0",
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"source": "https://www.bcorporation.net/en-us/find-a-b-corp/company/cowboy"
}
},
{
"document": "[ Advisory & Working Groups ](/en-us/standards/advisory-working-groups/) [ Controversial Issues ](/en-us/standards/controversial-issues/) [ Public Complaints Process ](/en-us/standards/complaints/) Programs & Tools [ Programs & Tools ](/en-us/programs-and-tools/) [ B Impact ](/en-us/programs-and-tools/b-impact/) [ B Impact Assessment ](/en-us/programs-and-tools/b-impact-assessment/)",
"metadata": {
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"source": "https://www.bcorporation.net/en-us/find-a-b-corp/company/cowboy"
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{
"document": "### **End Use Assessment** * Due Diligence Questions * Examples of Due Diligence Actions * What is this product or service intended to achieve? * Should the company sell this product or service for this end use? * What is the socially beneficial purpose of this product/service? * How can positive impacts be maximized?",
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"source": "https://www.bsr.org/en/reports/human-rights-due-diligence-of-products-and-services"
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},
{
"document": "* [ Services ](https://www.bsr.org/en/industries) * * BSR\u2019s sustainability advisory services help companies to achieve impact and create long-term business value.",
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{
"document": "* [ Sustainable Futures Lab ](https://www.bsr.org/en/advisory-services/sustainable-futures-lab) * BSR\u2019s Sustainable Futures Lab helps businesses to spot emerging issues early, explore different possible futures, and develop more resilient and sustainable strategies. ##### [ Collaboration ](https://www.bsr.org/en/collaboration)",
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"description": "Fluctuations in the prices of raw materials, such as lithium for batteries and aluminum for frames, can significantly impact Cowboy's production costs. Price increases could squeeze profit margins and necessitate price adjustments for consumers, potentially affecting sales volumes. This represents a financial risk that requires careful monitoring and supply chain diversification strategies.",
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{
"document": "costs by reducing the number of successful claims (Badger and Parlapiano 2020; Stewart 2020; Wamsley 2020).",
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"document": "Where impacts cannot be prevented or adequately mitigated, minimised or bought to an end, as a last resort, the company must: (i) refrain from entering into new or extending existing relations with the relevant business partner; (ii) adopt and implement an enhanced prevention action plan without undue delay by using the company's leverage through the temporary suspension of the relevant",
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"document": "already exist, there has long been room allowed to adapt your approach and resources to focus where the greatest risk lies. Indeed, the EU draft law is significantly better in this regard.",
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"document": "your company because now you've got insight into things you need to have a handle on. They're genuine risks. Any business should want to be ahead of those. The key is not getting locked into excessive rigidity that feels burdensome because you're doing it in order to comply, rather than thinking about where the actual risks lie and how to apply your resources there. When",
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"document": "responsibility to undertake human rights due diligence in order to address those adverse impacts\u2014for, example, by ensuring that business partners have adequate human rights policies and procedures in place.",
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"document": "from the product or service in question, and the most vulnerable groups in those markets may also be those with the most to gain from those products/services. For this reason, downstream HRDD should be designed to enable companies to conduct business responsibly, rather than lead companies to stop doing business altogether in markets that may most benefit from",
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"document": "* What are the actual and potential human rights impacts arising from the product/service use, and how can they be avoided, prevented, or mitigated? * Are there any use cases that should be disallowed? * Could the product be unintentionally or intentionally misused to cause harm?",
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{
"document": "This report explores the intersection between climate and human rights and makes recommendations on taking first steps to create long-term, resilient business strategies that address human rights impacts related to physical climate impacts as well as the transition to a low carbon economy. [ ](https://www.bsr.org/en/reports/business-in-conflict-affected-and-high- risk-contexts) ###### Reports",
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"document": "[ ](https://www.bsr.org/en/reports/human-rights-assessments-identifying-risks- informing-strategy) ###### Reports ##### [ Human Rights Assessments: Identifying Risks, Informing Strategy ](https://www.bsr.org/en/reports/human-rights-assessments-identifying-risks- informing-strategy)",
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"document": "### **Customer/End User/Destination Geography Assessment** * Due Diligence Questions * Examples of Due Diligence Actions",
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"document": "* What are their stated policies and actual practices regarding the product or service? Do they intend to modify or upgrade the product or service? * Does the user have clear commitments to human rights? Do they have the capacity to mitigate potential adverse impacts?",
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"document": "### **Adverse Impacts Assessment Due Diligence** * Due Diligence Questions * Examples of Due Diligence Actions",
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"document": "* What is the company\u2019s connection to potential human rights harms? * Does the company\u2019s actions or omissions facilitate or enable harm, by adding to the conditions that make it possible for use of a product by a third party to cause harm?",
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"document": "* Does the company\u2019s actions or omissions incentivize or motivate harm, by making it more likely that a product or service will be used in ways that cause harm? * What measures should the company deploy?",
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{
"document": "This report explores the intersection between climate and human rights and makes recommendations on taking first steps to create long-term, resilient business strategies that address human rights impacts related to physical climate impacts as well as the transition to a low carbon economy. [ ](https://www.bsr.org/en/reports/business-in-conflict-affected-and-high- risk-contexts) ###### Reports",
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},
{
"document": "[ ](https://www.bsr.org/en/reports/human-rights-assessments-identifying-risks- informing-strategy) ###### Reports ##### [ Human Rights Assessments: Identifying Risks, Informing Strategy ](https://www.bsr.org/en/reports/human-rights-assessments-identifying-risks- informing-strategy)",
"metadata": {
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"description": "Extreme weather events, such as floods and heatwaves, can disrupt Cowboy's supply chain, manufacturing operations, and distribution networks. These disruptions can lead to production delays, increased costs, and potential damage to facilities. Implementing climate adaptation measures and diversifying sourcing locations can mitigate these risks.",
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"matter_id": "0",
"name": "Climate Change Impacts on Operations",
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{
"document": "impact on hurricane and wildfire exposures for year end 2024, 2025, and 2026 on the insurer\u2019s risk-based capital filing. The disclosures are for informational purposes only and not to determine a new RCAT (Risk-Based Capital for Catastrophe Risk) charge. The RBC proposal was based on a referral from the Solvency Workstream of the Climate & Resiliency (EX) Task Force,",
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"source": "https://www.dlapiper.com/en-us/insights/publications/horizon/2024/horizon-esg-regulatory-news-and-trends-september-24-2024"
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},
{
"document": "which was directed by the executive committee to develop a climate scenario analysis appropriate for the US market. The CRTF proposal was modified by the Financial Condition (E) Committee at the request of industry to provide more flexibility in how financial impacts can be modeled. To learn more about this development, contact [ Kathleen Birrane ](/en-us/people/b/birrane-kathleen) .",
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},
{
"document": "This report explores the intersection between climate and human rights and makes recommendations on taking first steps to create long-term, resilient business strategies that address human rights impacts related to physical climate impacts as well as the transition to a low carbon economy. [ ](https://www.bsr.org/en/reports/business-in-conflict-affected-and-high- risk-contexts) ###### Reports",
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"document": "Increased public consciousness and stakeholder understanding of downstream human rights impacts, coupled with the emerging HRDD regulatory requirements, is leading to a new era in which companies must be prepared to identify, avoid, prevent, and mitigate the adverse human rights impacts associated with their products and services. BSR anticipates several ways downstream due",
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"document": "laws and regulations, and sector-wide impact assessments to collectively address adverse impacts and achieve transparency at scale in their downstream value chains.",
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"document": "from the product or service in question, and the most vulnerable groups in those markets may also be those with the most to gain from those products/services. For this reason, downstream HRDD should be designed to enable companies to conduct business responsibly, rather than lead companies to stop doing business altogether in markets that may most benefit from",
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"document": "Where impacts cannot be prevented or adequately mitigated, minimised or bought to an end, as a last resort, the company must: (i) refrain from entering into new or extending existing relations with the relevant business partner; (ii) adopt and implement an enhanced prevention action plan without undue delay by using the company's leverage through the temporary suspension of the relevant",
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"document": "responsibility to undertake human rights due diligence in order to address those adverse impacts\u2014for, example, by ensuring that business partners have adequate human rights policies and procedures in place.",
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"document": "from the product or service in question, and the most vulnerable groups in those markets may also be those with the most to gain from those products/services. For this reason, downstream HRDD should be designed to enable companies to conduct business responsibly, rather than lead companies to stop doing business altogether in markets that may most benefit from",
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"document": "### **End Use Assessment** * Due Diligence Questions * Examples of Due Diligence Actions * What is this product or service intended to achieve? * Should the company sell this product or service for this end use? * What is the socially beneficial purpose of this product/service? * How can positive impacts be maximized?",
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"document": "This report explores the intersection between climate and human rights and makes recommendations on taking first steps to create long-term, resilient business strategies that address human rights impacts related to physical climate impacts as well as the transition to a low carbon economy. [ ](https://www.bsr.org/en/reports/business-in-conflict-affected-and-high- risk-contexts) ###### Reports",
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"document": "We have a structured approach to address our salient issues through our Salient Issues Framework. By following the four elements of our Framework we are able to drive consistency and ensure our approach to each salient issue follows a similar model. 1. ## Description and impact",
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"document": "Ethics & Transparency 1.5 \\+ Mission Locked 10 What is this? A company with an Impact Business Model is intentionally designed to create a specific positive outcome for one of its stakeholders - such as workers, community, environment, or customers. ### Governance 12.1",
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"document": "Customer Stewardship 5.0 \\+ Health & Wellness Improvement 8.2 What is this? A company with an Impact Business Model is intentionally designed to create a specific positive outcome for one of its stakeholders - such as workers, community, environment, or customers. * * * ## Overall B Impact Score",
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"document": "[ Advisory & Working Groups ](/en-us/standards/advisory-working-groups/) [ Controversial Issues ](/en-us/standards/controversial-issues/) [ Public Complaints Process ](/en-us/standards/complaints/) Programs & Tools [ Programs & Tools ](/en-us/programs-and-tools/) [ B Impact ](/en-us/programs-and-tools/b-impact/) [ B Impact Assessment ](/en-us/programs-and-tools/b-impact-assessment/)",
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"document": "### **End Use Assessment** * Due Diligence Questions * Examples of Due Diligence Actions * What is this product or service intended to achieve? * Should the company sell this product or service for this end use? * What is the socially beneficial purpose of this product/service? * How can positive impacts be maximized?",
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"document": "* [ Services ](https://www.bsr.org/en/industries) * * BSR\u2019s sustainability advisory services help companies to achieve impact and create long-term business value.",
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"document": "* [ Sustainable Futures Lab ](https://www.bsr.org/en/advisory-services/sustainable-futures-lab) * BSR\u2019s Sustainable Futures Lab helps businesses to spot emerging issues early, explore different possible futures, and develop more resilient and sustainable strategies. ##### [ Collaboration ](https://www.bsr.org/en/collaboration)",
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n[ **Service\u00c2 ?** D\u00c3\u00a9sormais dans plus de 200 magasins \nou chez vous. _En savoir plus_ ](/fr-be/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ Quel Cowboy vous convient le mieux\u00c2 ? \nCommencez le quiz ](/fr-be/pages/which-cowboy-is-right-for-you)\n\n## Votre panier\n\nIl n'y a rien par ici, mais [ il y a des test rides par-l\u00c3 ](/fr-\nbe/pages/test-ride/) .\n\n[ Ajouter un v\u00c3\u00a9lo ](/cart) [ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez les accessoires\n](/collections/accessories)\n\n## Votre panier\n\nIl n'y a rien par ici, mais [ il y a des test rides par-l\u00c3 ](/fr-\nbe/pages/test-ride/) .\n\n[ Ajouter un v\u00c3\u00a9lo ](/cart) [ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez les accessoires\n](/collections/accessories)\n\n# Contactez-nous\n\nUne question sur Cowboy ou besoin d'assistance pour votre v\u00c3\u00a9lo ? Contactez-\nnous.\n\n### Achat Un nouveau v\u00c3\u00a9lo\n\nVous aimeriez acheter ou louer un v\u00c3\u00a9lo Cowboy\u00c2 ? Nos sp\u00c3\u00a9cialistes r\u00c3\u00a9pondent\n\u00c3 vos questions.\n\n### Statut de commande Votre commande\n\nUne question sur votre commande\u00c2 ? Posez-la ici.\n\n### Support Support technique\n\nBesoin d'assistance pour votre v\u00c3\u00a9lo\u00c2 ? Notre \u00c3\u00a9quipe technique vous aidera \u00c3\nr\u00c3\u00a9soudre votre probl\u00c3\u00a8me. Cliquez sur 'Discuter avec nous' dans votre app\nCowboy.\n\n[ Ouvrir l'appli ](https://cowboy.page.link/help_chat)\n\n## Explorez\n\n * [ Classic ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic)\n * [ Cruiser ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser)\n * [ Cruiser ST ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st)\n * [ Cross ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross)\n * [ Cross ST ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st)\n * [ Circular ](/fr-be/collections/circular)\n * [ Accessoires & pi\u00c3\u00a8ces ](/fr-be/collections/accessories)\n * [ R\u00c3\u00a9servez un essai ](/fr-be/pages/test-ride)\n\n## Services\n\n * [ Care ](/fr-be/products/cowboy-care)\n * [ Assurance vol ](/fr-be/products/theft-insurance)\n * [ M\u00c3\u00a9thodes de paiement ](/fr-be/pages/payment-methods)\n * [ Leasing ](/fr-be/pages/lease-a-cowboy)\n * [ Garantie ](/fr-be/products/warranty)\n * [ Business ](/fr-be/pages/business)\n * [ \u00c3\u0089tudiants ](/fr-be/pages/student-program)\n\n## \u00c3\u0080 propos\n\n * [ Avis ](/fr-be/blogs/reviews)\n * [ Presse ](/fr-be/blogs/press)\n * [ Blog ](/fr-be/blogs/stories)\n * [ Magasins ](/fr-be/pages/stores)\n * [ Carri\u00c3\u00a8res ](/fr-be/pages/careers)\n * [ Programme d'affiliation ](/fr-be/pages/affiliate)\n\n## Aide\n\n * [ Contact ](/fr-be/pages/contact-us)\n * [ FAQ ](https://help.cowboy.com)\n * [ Livraisons ](/fr-be/pages/delivery)\n * [ Retours ](/fr-be/pages/returns)\n\n## Une newsletter pas comme les autres\n\n * [ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/CowboyHQ/)\n * [ YouTube ](https://www.youtube.com/c/COWBOYBikes/featured)\n\n[ ](/fr-be/)\n\n[ B Corp ](/fr-be/pages/b-corp)\n\n* * *\n\n * [ Terms of use ](/fr-be/pages/terms-of-use)\n * [ Data protection policy ](/fr-be/pages/privacy-policy)\n * \u00c2\u00a9 2025 Cowboy \n\n",
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n[ **Service?** Nu bij 200+ winkels \nof gewoon bij jou thuis. _Meer info_ ](/nl-be/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ Welke Cowboy is geschikt voor jou? \nDoe de quiz ](/nl-be/pages/which-cowboy-is-right-for-you)\n\n## Je winkelwagentje\n\nNiks te zien hier, maar [ een testride is dichtbij ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride/)\n.\n\n[ Fiets toevoegen ](/cart) [ Shop accessoires ](/collections/accessories)\n\n## Je winkelwagentje\n\nNiks te zien hier, maar [ een testride is dichtbij ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride/)\n.\n\n[ Fiets toevoegen ](/cart) [ Shop accessoires ](/collections/accessories)\n\n# Contact\n\nEen vraag over Cowboy of hulp nodig met je fiets? Neem contact met ons op.\n\n### Aankoop Een nieuwe fiets\n\nWil je graag een Cowboy-fiets kopen of leasen? Chat met een sales expert.\n\n### Bestelstatus Je bestelling\n\nEen vraag over je bestelling? Stel ze hier.\n\n### Support Technische ondersteuning\n\nHulp nodig met je fiets? Ons technisch team zal je helpen je probleem op te\nlossen. Ga naar 'Chat met ons' in je Cowboy app.\n\n[ Open de app ](https://cowboy.page.link/help_chat)\n\n## Ontdek\n\n * [ Classic ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic)\n * [ Cruiser ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser)\n * [ Cruiser ST ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st)\n * [ Cross ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross)\n * [ Cross ST ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st)\n * [ Circular ](/nl-be/collections/circular)\n * [ Accessoires & onderdelen ](/nl-be/collections/accessories)\n * [ Boek een testrit ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride)\n\n## Services\n\n * [ Care ](/nl-be/products/cowboy-care)\n * [ Diefstalverzekering ](/nl-be/products/theft-insurance)\n * [ Betalingsmethoden ](/nl-be/pages/payment-methods)\n * [ Leasing ](/nl-be/pages/lease-a-cowboy)\n * [ Garantie ](/nl-be/products/warranty)\n * [ Business ](/nl-be/pages/business)\n * [ Studenten ](/nl-be/pages/student-program)\n\n## Over ons\n\n * [ Reviews ](/nl-be/blogs/reviews)\n * [ Pers ](/nl-be/blogs/press)\n * [ Blog ](/nl-be/blogs/stories)\n * [ Winkels ](/nl-be/pages/stores)\n * [ Vacatures ](/nl-be/pages/careers)\n * [ Affiliate-programma ](/nl-be/pages/affiliate)\n\n## Help\n\n * [ Contact ](/nl-be/pages/contact-us)\n * [ FAQ ](https://help.cowboy.com)\n * [ Levering ](/nl-be/pages/delivery)\n * [ Retourneren ](/nl-be/pages/returns)\n\n## Geen nieuwsbrief zoals alle anderen\n\n * [ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/CowboyHQ/)\n * [ YouTube ](https://www.youtube.com/c/COWBOYBikes/featured)\n\n[ ](/nl-be/)\n\n[ B Corp ](/nl-be/pages/b-corp)\n\n* * *\n\n * [ Terms of use ](/nl-be/pages/terms-of-use)\n * [ Data protection policy ](/nl-be/pages/privacy-policy)\n * \u00c2\u00a9 2025 Cowboy \n\n",
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n[ **Servicing?** Now at 200+ stores \nor we'll come to you. _Learn more_ ](/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ Which Cowboy is right for you? \nTake the quiz ](/pages/which-cowboy-is-right-for-you)\n\n## Your cart\n\nThere's nothing here, but [ a test ride is nearby ](/pages/test-ride/) .\n\n[ Add a bike ](/cart) [ Shop accessories ](/collections/accessories)\n\n## Your cart\n\nThere's nothing here, but [ a test ride is nearby ](/pages/test-ride/) .\n\n[ Add a bike ](/cart) [ Shop accessories ](/collections/accessories)\n\n# Cowboy - The Ultimate Connected E-Bikes\n\n# Designed in Belgium Now assembled in France\n\n[ Designed in Belgium, now assembled in France. Learn more\n](/blogs/stories/designed-in-belgium-now-assembled-in-france)\n\n# Limited Edition\n\n## Feel the spark\n\nIgnite Spring with the new **Dawn** colorway.\n\nFrom \u00e2\u0082\u00ac2,999\n\n[ Explore ](/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser)\n\nFind My Bike\n\nTheft Detection\n\nCustom AdaptivePower\u00e2\u0084\u00a2\n\nAutomatic assistance\n\nServicing Nearby\n\n200+ stores\n\n# Limited Edition\n\n## It's Electric\n\nRediscover blue skies with the new **Breeze** colorway.\n\nFrom \u00e2\u0082\u00ac2,999\n\nFrom \u00e2\u0082\u00ac2,999\n\n[ Explore ](/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st)\n\n[ Book a free test ride ](/pages/test-ride?model=cruiser-st#type)\n\nFind My Bike\n\nTheft Detection\n\nCustom AdaptivePower\u00e2\u0084\u00a2\n\nAutomatic assistance\n\nServicing Nearby\n\n200+ stores\n\n# Classic\n\n## Lean into it\n\nFrom \u00e2\u0082\u00ac2,699\n\nFrom \u00e2\u0082\u00ac2,699\n\n[ Explore ](/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic)\n\n[ Book a free test ride ](/pages/test-ride?model=classic#type)\n\nFind My Bike\n\nTheft Detection\n\nCustom AdaptivePower\u00e2\u0084\u00a2\n\nAutomatic assistance\n\nServicing Nearby\n\n200+ stores\n\n# Cross\n\n## Built for adventure\n\nFrom \u00e2\u0082\u00ac3,999\n\nFrom \u00e2\u0082\u00ac3,999\n\n[ Explore ](/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross)\n\n[ Book a free test ride ](/pages/test-ride?model=cross#type)\n\nSuspension\n\nFork & seatpost\n\nCustom AdaptivePower\u00e2\u0084\u00a2\n\nAutomatic assistance\n\nAll-new battery\n\n60-120 km range\n\n# Cross ST\n\n## Shockingly smooth\n\nFrom \u00e2\u0082\u00ac3,999\n\nFrom \u00e2\u0082\u00ac3,999\n\n[ Explore ](/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st)\n\n[ Book a free test ride ](/pages/test-ride?model=cross-st#type)\n\nSuspension\n\nFork & seatpost\n\nCustom AdaptivePower\u00e2\u0084\u00a2\n\nAutomatic assistance\n\nAll-new battery\n\n60-120 km range\n\n## Cowboy Connect Introducing Games\n\nCombine the thrill of level-based challenges with Cowboy's interactive social\nfeatures and safely infuse your ride with an extra layer of excitement.\n\n[ Explore Connect ](/products/connect)\n\n## World first\n\nWe're the first e-bike producer to achieve B Corp status, thanks in part to\ninitiatives like Circular, our carefully refurbished range that ensures all\nour bikes find a happy home.\n\n[ Learn more about B Corp ](/products/connect)\n\n## Which Cowboy is right for you? Meet your Match\n\nNot sure which Cowboy to choose? Take our quiz to find your best fit.\n\n## The Ultimate Guide New to Cowboy?\n\nEverything you need to know about the ultimate connected e-bike.\n\n## Subsidies How much will you save?\n\nGet money off a new Cowboy with a local subsidy.\n\n## Why Cowboy? We've got your back\n\n * [ **200+ service locations** Expert repairs nearby. Or right at your door. ](/pages/stores?services=repair)\n * [ **Pioneering theft detection** Outsmart thieves with GPS tracking & theft alerts. ](/products/connect)\n * [ **2-year warranty** Covered where it counts. Complete peace of mind. ](/products/warranty)\n * [ **Spread your payments** Pay in 3 interest-free or lease a Cowboy. ](/pages/payment-methods)\n * [ **Designed in Belgium. Assembled in France.** Proudly B Corp. Closer to you, for a better planet. ](/blogs/stories/designed-in-belgium-now-assembled-in-france)\n\n## Explore\n\n * [ Classic ](/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic)\n * [ Cruiser ](/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser)\n * [ Cruiser ST ](/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st)\n * [ Cross ](/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross)\n * [ Cross ST ](/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st)\n * [ Circular ](/collections/circular)\n * [ Accessories & parts ](/collections/accessories)\n * [ Book a test ride ](/pages/test-ride)\n\n## Services\n\n * [ Care ](/products/cowboy-care)\n * [ Theft Insurance ](/products/theft-insurance)\n * [ Payment methods ](/pages/payment-methods)\n * [ Leasing ](/pages/lease-a-cowboy)\n * [ Warranty ](/products/warranty)\n * [ Business ](/pages/business)\n * [ Students ](/pages/student-program)\n\n## About us\n\n * [ Reviews ](/blogs/reviews)\n * [ Press ](/blogs/press)\n * [ Blog ](/blogs/stories)\n * [ Stores ](/pages/stores)\n * [ Careers ](/pages/careers)\n * [ Affiliate Program ](/pages/affiliate)\n\n## Help\n\n * [ Contact ](/pages/contact-us)\n * [ Support ](https://help.cowboy.com)\n * [ Delivery ](/pages/delivery)\n * [ Returns ](/pages/returns)\n\n## Not your average newsletter\n\n * [ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/CowboyHQ/)\n * [ YouTube ](https://www.youtube.com/c/COWBOYBikes/featured)\n\n[ ](/)\n\n[ B Corp ](/pages/b-corp)\n\n* * *\n\n * [ Terms of use ](/pages/terms-of-use)\n * [ Data protection policy ](/pages/privacy-policy)\n * \u00c2\u00a9 2025 Cowboy \n\n",
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n[ **Servicing?** Now at 200+ stores \nor we'll come to you. _Learn more_ ](/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ Which Cowboy is right for you? \nTake the quiz ](/pages/which-cowboy-is-right-for-you)\n\n## Your cart\n\nThere's nothing here, but [ a test ride is nearby ](/pages/test-ride/) .\n\n[ Add a bike ](/cart) [ Shop accessories ](/collections/accessories)\n\n## Your cart\n\nThere's nothing here, but [ a test ride is nearby ](/pages/test-ride/) .\n\n[ Add a bike ](/cart) [ Shop accessories ](/collections/accessories)\n\n# B Corp\n\n### The journey we're on\n\nIn 2022, Cowboy became the first e-bike maker to achieve B Corp accreditation,\njoining a global community of responsible companies who meet the highest\nsocial and environmental standards. It had been years in the making, but it\nwas just the beginning. Today, we continue to strive to become the most\npopular mode of transport in every home while leading the way toward a more\nsustainable future.\n\n### Cutting waste\n\nOne key aspect of our commitment is to make sure each and every bike we\nproduce finds a happy home. That means earlier models are offered with great\ndiscounts, and previously ridden bikes are carefully refurbished and re-sold\nas Circular Bikes.\n\n## B Corp: Our journey\n\n### Mission\n\nA commitment to social and environmental responsibility, with impact metrics\nthat stem from our mission and are tied to business success.\n\n### Riders\n\nStewardship of our riders and ensuring the bike, app and service exceed\nexpectations through measuring personal satisfaction and wellbeing outcomes\nwhile guaranteeing quality.\n\n### Team\n\nDevelopment of a highly engaged global team who is satisfied by the work they\ndo, with employee programs for health, wellness, and beneficial ownership of\nthe company.\n\n### Community\n\nBenefiting local communities with test ride and repair networks and\nmanufacturing hubs, while bringing efficiency to our supply chain as we\nprioritize more assembly and sourcing in Europe.\n\n### Environment\n\nUse of less resources while enabling easy access to repair and reuse, with an\never-growing Circular program, offering a sustainable way to keep our bikes on\nthe road.\n\nB Corp certification is administered by the nonprofit, [ B Lab\n](https://www.bcorporation.net/) . Its in-depth review of Cowboy's operations,\nbusiness model and product are evaluated across five primary attributes to\nmeet a rigorous standard for benefit corporation certification.\n\n## Our mission\n\n### Build a better bike\n\nWe build the most advanced e-bikes around. They're fun to ride, look cool, and\nthanks to our proprietary tech, they get smarter over time. They're built to\nthe highest standard, with more production and repair services brought closer\nto home to minimize our carbon footprint.\n\n### Create a better self\n\nThe more you move your body and open your mind, the healthier you become.\nWe've created a truly connected experience that puts yourriders first,\nmotivating you to cycle everyday, to track your own progress and to connect\nwith other Cowboy riders on the road.\n\n### Leave a better world\n\nWhen fewer cars clog city streets, we move freely and breathe deeply. We want\nmore people to choose e-bikes as the ideal way to move, to make our towns and\ncities better places to live now and in the future.\n\n## Explore\n\n * [ Classic ](/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic)\n * [ Cruiser ](/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser)\n * [ Cruiser ST ](/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st)\n * [ Cross ](/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross)\n * [ Cross ST ](/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st)\n * [ Circular ](/collections/circular)\n * [ Accessories & parts ](/collections/accessories)\n * [ Book a test ride ](/pages/test-ride)\n\n## Services\n\n * [ Care ](/products/cowboy-care)\n * [ Theft Insurance ](/products/theft-insurance)\n * [ Payment methods ](/pages/payment-methods)\n * [ Leasing ](/pages/lease-a-cowboy)\n * [ Warranty ](/products/warranty)\n * [ Business ](/pages/business)\n * [ Students ](/pages/student-program)\n\n## About us\n\n * [ Reviews ](/blogs/reviews)\n * [ Press ](/blogs/press)\n * [ Blog ](/blogs/stories)\n * [ Stores ](/pages/stores)\n * [ Careers ](/pages/careers)\n * [ Affiliate Program ](/pages/affiliate)\n\n## Help\n\n * [ Contact ](/pages/contact-us)\n * [ Support ](https://help.cowboy.com)\n * [ Delivery ](/pages/delivery)\n * [ Returns ](/pages/returns)\n\n## Not your average newsletter\n\n * [ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/CowboyHQ/)\n * [ YouTube ](https://www.youtube.com/c/COWBOYBikes/featured)\n\n[ ](/)\n\n[ B Corp ](/pages/b-corp)\n\n* * *\n\n * [ Terms of use ](/pages/terms-of-use)\n * [ Data protection policy ](/pages/privacy-policy)\n * \u00c2\u00a9 2025 Cowboy \n\n",
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n[ **Service\u00c2 ?** D\u00c3\u00a9sormais dans plus de 200 magasins \nou chez vous. _En savoir plus_ ](/fr-be/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ Quel Cowboy vous convient le mieux\u00c2 ? \nCommencez le quiz ](/fr-be/pages/which-cowboy-is-right-for-you)\n\n## Votre panier\n\nIl n'y a rien par ici, mais [ il y a des test rides par-l\u00c3 ](/fr-\nbe/pages/test-ride/) .\n\n[ Ajouter un v\u00c3\u00a9lo ](/cart) [ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez les accessoires\n](/collections/accessories)\n\n## Votre panier\n\nIl n'y a rien par ici, mais [ il y a des test rides par-l\u00c3 ](/fr-\nbe/pages/test-ride/) .\n\n[ Ajouter un v\u00c3\u00a9lo ](/cart) [ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez les accessoires\n](/collections/accessories)\n\n# Careers\n\nCowboy est le premier v\u00c3\u00a9lo connect\u00c3\u00a9 qui permet aux citadins d'arpenter les\nrues en toute libert\u00c3\u00a9.\n\n[ Voir les offres d'emploi ](https://apply.workable.com/cowboy/)\n\n## Notre **raison d'\u00c3\u00aatre**\n\nNotre objectif est de cr\u00c3\u00a9er le mode de transport urbain le plus efficace et\nle plus rapide. En combinant harmonieusement design et technologie, nous\nouvrons de nouveaux horizons aux navetteurs urbains. Ainsi, nous travaillons \u00c3\nconcevoir et \u00c3 optimiser la meilleure mani\u00c3\u00a8re de se d\u00c3\u00a9placer librement en\nville.\n\nFond\u00c3\u00a9 en 2017 \u00c3 Bruxelles, en Belgique, le v\u00c3\u00a9lo Cowboy est con\u00c3\u00a7u et\nfabriqu\u00c3\u00a9 par une \u00c3\u00a9quipe de curieux, qui refusent le statu quo du v\u00c3\u00a9lo\n\u00c3\u00a9lectrique et des transports quotidiens. \u00c3\u0080 travers un produit \u00c3\u00a9l\u00c3\u00a9gant et\nabordable, permettant \u00c3 ses utilisateurs de rester connect\u00c3\u00a9s \u00c3 chaque \u00c3\u00a9tape\nde leur parcours, nous entendons donner naissance \u00c3 une nouvelle g\u00c3\u00a9n\u00c3\u00a9ration\nde mobilit\u00c3\u00a9.\n\nFond\u00c3\u00a9 en 2017\n\nQuartier g\u00c3\u00a9n\u00c3\u00a9ral Bruxelles\n\n## Nos **valeurs**\n\nChaque jour, nos valeurs inspirent nos \u00c3\u00a9quipes et les poussent \u00c3 donner le\nmeilleur d'elles-m\u00c3\u00aames. S'appuyant sur une vision ambitieuse de l'avenir et\nune attention pointue aux besoins actuels, notre dernier v\u00c3\u00a9lo n'est que la\npremi\u00c3\u00a8re de nombreuses innovations.\n\n### Elevate others\n\nNous cherchons \u00c3 entra\u00c3\u00aener d'autres personnes dans l'aventure et \u00c3 orienter\ntout le monde vers une mobilit\u00c3\u00a9 nouvelle et meilleure.\n\n### Mic drop\n\nSoyons ambitieux. Tant que les voitures encombreront les rues, nous ne\nl\u00c3\u00a2cherons rien.\n\n### True grit\n\nNous d\u00c3\u00a9fendons nos convictions et d\u00c3\u00a9montrons nos comp\u00c3\u00a9tences en offrant\ndesign et performances hors-normes.\n\n### Rapid prototyping\n\nNous ne nous reposons pas sur nos lauriers. Nous continuons \u00c3 travailler sans\nrel\u00c3\u00a2che et conservons l'esprit d'innovation.\n\n## Il est grand temps de r\u00c3\u00a9inventer le r\u00c3\u00a9seau urbain. **Rejoignez-nous !**\n\n[ Voir les offres d'emploi ](https://apply.workable.com/cowboy/)\n\nVous ne trouvez pas le poste qui vous convient\u00c2 ?\n\nEnvoyez-nous votre CV et expliquez-nous la valeur ajout\u00c3\u00a9e que vous saurez\napporter \u00c3 notre \u00c3\u00a9quipe :\n\n[ cowboy@jobs.workablemail.com ](mailto:cowboy@jobs.workablemail.com)\n\n## Explorez\n\n * [ Classic ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic)\n * [ Cruiser ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser)\n * [ Cruiser ST ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st)\n * [ Cross ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross)\n * [ Cross ST ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st)\n * [ Circular ](/fr-be/collections/circular)\n * [ Accessoires & pi\u00c3\u00a8ces ](/fr-be/collections/accessories)\n * [ R\u00c3\u00a9servez un essai ](/fr-be/pages/test-ride)\n\n## Services\n\n * [ Care ](/fr-be/products/cowboy-care)\n * [ Assurance vol ](/fr-be/products/theft-insurance)\n * [ M\u00c3\u00a9thodes de paiement ](/fr-be/pages/payment-methods)\n * [ Leasing ](/fr-be/pages/lease-a-cowboy)\n * [ Garantie ](/fr-be/products/warranty)\n * [ Business ](/fr-be/pages/business)\n * [ \u00c3\u0089tudiants ](/fr-be/pages/student-program)\n\n## \u00c3\u0080 propos\n\n * [ Avis ](/fr-be/blogs/reviews)\n * [ Presse ](/fr-be/blogs/press)\n * [ Blog ](/fr-be/blogs/stories)\n * [ Magasins ](/fr-be/pages/stores)\n * [ Carri\u00c3\u00a8res ](/fr-be/pages/careers)\n * [ Programme d'affiliation ](/fr-be/pages/affiliate)\n\n## Aide\n\n * [ Contact ](/fr-be/pages/contact-us)\n * [ FAQ ](https://help.cowboy.com)\n * [ Livraisons ](/fr-be/pages/delivery)\n * [ Retours ](/fr-be/pages/returns)\n\n## Une newsletter pas comme les autres\n\n * [ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/CowboyHQ/)\n * [ YouTube ](https://www.youtube.com/c/COWBOYBikes/featured)\n\n[ ](/fr-be/)\n\n[ B Corp ](/fr-be/pages/b-corp)\n\n* * *\n\n * [ Terms of use ](/fr-be/pages/terms-of-use)\n * [ Data protection policy ](/fr-be/pages/privacy-policy)\n * \u00c2\u00a9 2025 Cowboy \n\n",
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n[ **Service\u00c2 ?** D\u00c3\u00a9sormais dans plus de 200 magasins \nou chez vous. _En savoir plus_ ](/fr-be/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ Quel Cowboy vous convient le mieux\u00c2 ? \nCommencez le quiz ](/fr-be/pages/which-cowboy-is-right-for-you)\n\n## Votre panier\n\nIl n'y a rien par ici, mais [ il y a des test rides par-l\u00c3 ](/fr-\nbe/pages/test-ride/) .\n\n[ Ajouter un v\u00c3\u00a9lo ](/cart) [ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez les accessoires\n](/collections/accessories)\n\n## Votre panier\n\nIl n'y a rien par ici, mais [ il y a des test rides par-l\u00c3 ](/fr-\nbe/pages/test-ride/) .\n\n[ Ajouter un v\u00c3\u00a9lo ](/cart) [ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez les accessoires\n](/collections/accessories)\n\n# Programme d'affiliation Cowboy\n\nPour toute question, \u00c3\u00a9crivez-nous \u00c3 [ partner@cowboy.com\n](mailto:partners@cowboy.com)\n\nEn 2018, Cowboy a lanc\u00c3\u00a9 le v\u00c3\u00a9lo \u00c3\u00a9lectrique le plus beau, simple et\nconnect\u00c3\u00a9 pour les riders urbains. Aspirant \u00c3 devenir le mode de transport\nid\u00c3\u00a9al, Cowboy a transform\u00c3\u00a9 le v\u00c3\u00a9lo \u00c3\u00a9lectrique en un \u00c3\u00a9cosyst\u00c3\u00a8me\ntotalement connect\u00c3\u00a9 au sein duquel nos riders \u00c3\u00a9voluent chaque jour.\n\nAvec le temps, nous avons imagin\u00c3\u00a9 un impact culturel, celui de cr\u00c3\u00a9er la\nville active - un environnement urbain plus durable pour ses habitants et ax\u00c3\u00a9\nsur l'humain et sa mobilit\u00c3\u00a9. Notre mission consiste \u00c3 \u00c3\u00a9quiper les riders des\noutils n\u00c3\u00a9cessaires pour tracer leur propre chemin et ceux des villes dans\nlesquelles ils vivent. Le tout en se d\u00c3\u00a9pla\u00c3\u00a7ant de mani\u00c3\u00a8re r\u00c3\u00a9fl\u00c3\u00a9chie, au\nb\u00c3\u00a9n\u00c3\u00a9fice de tous.\n\nRejoignez notre programme d'affiliation et gagnez des commissions g\u00c3\u00a9n\u00c3\u00a9reuses\nsur les ventes en promouvant notre marque et ses produits. Le programme est\ngratuit et intuitif.\n\n## Avantages\n\n * Commission g\u00c3\u00a9n\u00c3\u00a9reuse sur les ventes \n * Valeur moyenne des commandes et taux de conversion sur site excellents \n * Large gamme de supports publicitaires \n * Contenus sur les produits r\u00c3\u00a9guli\u00c3\u00a8rement actualis\u00c3\u00a9s \n * Dur\u00c3\u00a9e des cookies : 30 jours \n * Adh\u00c3\u00a9sion gratuite \n\n## Fonctionnement\n\n### \u00c3\u0089tape 1 - Inscription\n\nInscrivez-vous comme \u00c3\u00a9diteur et postulez directement au programme Cowboy.\n\n### \u00c3\u0089tape 2 - Liens vers Cowboy\n\nPlacez des liens vers Cowboy, tels que des liens textes et des banni\u00c3\u00a8res, sur\nvotre site internet. Les lecteurs cliqueront sur les liens et ach\u00c3\u00a8teront un\nv\u00c3\u00a9lo Cowboy.\n\n### \u00c3\u0089tape 3 - Commission\n\nRecevez votre commission.\n\n## Rejoignez-nous\n\n[ Notre programme est disponible sur le r\u00c3\u00a9seau d'affiliation de CJ\n](https://signup.cj.com/member/signup/publisher/?cid=6019298#/branded) .\n\nNous nous effor\u00c3\u00a7ons de r\u00c3\u00a9pondre rapidement aux demandes d'approbation.\n\nPour toute question relative \u00c3 notre programme ou toute demande d'approbation,\nadressez-nous un email \u00c3 l'adresse [ partner@cowboy.com\n](mailto:partner@cowboy.com) .\n\n## Explorez\n\n * [ Classic ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic)\n * [ Cruiser ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser)\n * [ Cruiser ST ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st)\n * [ Cross ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross)\n * [ Cross ST ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st)\n * [ Circular ](/fr-be/collections/circular)\n * [ Accessoires & pi\u00c3\u00a8ces ](/fr-be/collections/accessories)\n * [ R\u00c3\u00a9servez un essai ](/fr-be/pages/test-ride)\n\n## Services\n\n * [ Care ](/fr-be/products/cowboy-care)\n * [ Assurance vol ](/fr-be/products/theft-insurance)\n * [ M\u00c3\u00a9thodes de paiement ](/fr-be/pages/payment-methods)\n * [ Leasing ](/fr-be/pages/lease-a-cowboy)\n * [ Garantie ](/fr-be/products/warranty)\n * [ Business ](/fr-be/pages/business)\n * [ \u00c3\u0089tudiants ](/fr-be/pages/student-program)\n\n## \u00c3\u0080 propos\n\n * [ Avis ](/fr-be/blogs/reviews)\n * [ Presse ](/fr-be/blogs/press)\n * [ Blog ](/fr-be/blogs/stories)\n * [ Magasins ](/fr-be/pages/stores)\n * [ Carri\u00c3\u00a8res ](/fr-be/pages/careers)\n * [ Programme d'affiliation ](/fr-be/pages/affiliate)\n\n## Aide\n\n * [ Contact ](/fr-be/pages/contact-us)\n * [ FAQ ](https://help.cowboy.com)\n * [ Livraisons ](/fr-be/pages/delivery)\n * [ Retours ](/fr-be/pages/returns)\n\n## Une newsletter pas comme les autres\n\n * [ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/CowboyHQ/)\n * [ YouTube ](https://www.youtube.com/c/COWBOYBikes/featured)\n\n[ ](/fr-be/)\n\n[ B Corp ](/fr-be/pages/b-corp)\n\n* * *\n\n * [ Terms of use ](/fr-be/pages/terms-of-use)\n * [ Data protection policy ](/fr-be/pages/privacy-policy)\n * \u00c2\u00a9 2025 Cowboy \n\n",
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n[ **Service?** Nu bij 200+ winkels \nof gewoon bij jou thuis. _Meer info_ ](/nl-be/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ Welke Cowboy is geschikt voor jou? \nDoe de quiz ](/nl-be/pages/which-cowboy-is-right-for-you)\n\n## Je winkelwagentje\n\nNiks te zien hier, maar [ een testride is dichtbij ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride/)\n.\n\n[ Fiets toevoegen ](/cart) [ Shop accessoires ](/collections/accessories)\n\n## Je winkelwagentje\n\nNiks te zien hier, maar [ een testride is dichtbij ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride/)\n.\n\n[ Fiets toevoegen ](/cart) [ Shop accessoires ](/collections/accessories)\n\n# Careers\n\nCowboy is de eerste connected fiets die mensen de vrijheid geeft om de straat\nop te gaan.\n\n[ Bekijk vacatures ](https://apply.workable.com/cowboy/)\n\n## Over **ons**\n\nHet is ons doel om de meest intelligente manier te zijn om je door steden te\nverplaatsen. Door een samenwerking tussen design en technologie maken we een\nnieuwe weg vrij en cre\u00c3\u00abren we een spannende ervaring voor mensen die vrij\nwillen bewegen in een stedelijke omgeving.\n\nCowboy werd in 2017 opgericht en is gevestigd in Brussel, Belgi\u00c3\u00ab. Het is\nontworpen en gebouwd door een team van nieuwsgierige mensen die de status quo\nvan de e-bike categorie en het dagelijkse woon-werkverkeer ter discussie\nstellen. Door een elegante en betaalbare fiets te cre\u00c3\u00abren en via de app\nverbinding te maken met de reis van elke rijder, is een nieuwe generatie van\nmobiliteit ontstaan.\n\nOpgericht 2017\n\nHeadquarters Brussel\n\n## Onze **waarden**\n\nOnze waarden vormen de basis voor de dagelijkse focus van het team. Gedreven\ndoor een ambitieuze visie op de toekomst en een obsessieve focus op wat er\nvandaag de dag nodig is, is onze nieuwste fiets slechts een begin van wat er\nkomen gaat.\n\n### Elevate others\n\nNeem anderen mee voor de rit en leid iedereen naar het voor ons liggende pad.\n\n### Mic drop\n\nWees ambitieus. Zolang de rijstrook propvol auto's staat, blijven wij niet in\nde onze.\n\n### True grit\n\nVechten voor onze overtuigingen en onze geloofwaardigheid aantonen via\nsuperieur design en prestaties.\n\n### Rapid prototyping\n\nWees nooit tevreden. Een niet aflatende prestatie, anticiperend op elke bocht.\n\n## Het stedelijk net verdient het om doorbroken te worden. **Doe met ons\nmee.**\n\n[ Bekijk vacatures ](https://apply.workable.com/cowboy/)\n\nOp zoek naar de juiste positie?\n\nDeel je CV met ons en vertel ons waarom je een geweldige aanvulling zou zijn\nvan ons team:\n\n[ cowboy@jobs.workablemail.com ](mailto:cowboy@jobs.workablemail.com)\n\n## Ontdek\n\n * [ Classic ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic)\n * [ Cruiser ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser)\n * [ Cruiser ST ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st)\n * [ Cross ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross)\n * [ Cross ST ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st)\n * [ Circular ](/nl-be/collections/circular)\n * [ Accessoires & onderdelen ](/nl-be/collections/accessories)\n * [ Boek een testrit ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride)\n\n## Services\n\n * [ Care ](/nl-be/products/cowboy-care)\n * [ Diefstalverzekering ](/nl-be/products/theft-insurance)\n * [ Betalingsmethoden ](/nl-be/pages/payment-methods)\n * [ Leasing ](/nl-be/pages/lease-a-cowboy)\n * [ Garantie ](/nl-be/products/warranty)\n * [ Business ](/nl-be/pages/business)\n * [ Studenten ](/nl-be/pages/student-program)\n\n## Over ons\n\n * [ Reviews ](/nl-be/blogs/reviews)\n * [ Pers ](/nl-be/blogs/press)\n * [ Blog ](/nl-be/blogs/stories)\n * [ Winkels ](/nl-be/pages/stores)\n * [ Vacatures ](/nl-be/pages/careers)\n * [ Affiliate-programma ](/nl-be/pages/affiliate)\n\n## Help\n\n * [ Contact ](/nl-be/pages/contact-us)\n * [ FAQ ](https://help.cowboy.com)\n * [ Levering ](/nl-be/pages/delivery)\n * [ Retourneren ](/nl-be/pages/returns)\n\n## Geen nieuwsbrief zoals alle anderen\n\n * [ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/CowboyHQ/)\n * [ YouTube ](https://www.youtube.com/c/COWBOYBikes/featured)\n\n[ ](/nl-be/)\n\n[ B Corp ](/nl-be/pages/b-corp)\n\n* * *\n\n * [ Terms of use ](/nl-be/pages/terms-of-use)\n * [ Data protection policy ](/nl-be/pages/privacy-policy)\n * \u00c2\u00a9 2025 Cowboy \n\n",
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n[ **Service?** Nu bij 200+ winkels \nof gewoon bij jou thuis. _Meer info_ ](/nl-be/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ Welke Cowboy is geschikt voor jou? \nDoe de quiz ](/nl-be/pages/which-cowboy-is-right-for-you)\n\n## Je winkelwagentje\n\nNiks te zien hier, maar [ een testride is dichtbij ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride/)\n.\n\n[ Fiets toevoegen ](/cart) [ Shop accessoires ](/collections/accessories)\n\n## Je winkelwagentje\n\nNiks te zien hier, maar [ een testride is dichtbij ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride/)\n.\n\n[ Fiets toevoegen ](/cart) [ Shop accessoires ](/collections/accessories)\n\n# Cowboy Affiliate-programma\n\nHeb je vragen, mail ons dan op [ partner@cowboy.com\n](mailto:partners@cowboy.com) .\n\nIn 2018 introduceerde Cowboy de mooiste, eenvoudigste en meest geconnecteerde\nelektrische fiets voor de stad. Cowboy wil het perfecte vervoermiddel zijn en\nmaakte van de elektrische fiets een volledig geconnecteerd ecosysteem dat onze\nriders altijd en overal volgt.\n\nAls deel van onze culturele impact willen we een levende stad cre\u00c3\u00abren, een\ndie meer oog heeft voor ons en de manier waarop we ons verplaatsen. Een stad\ndie duurzamer is voor haar inwoners. Het is onze missie om fietsers hun eigen\nweg uit te laten stippelen en ook de wegen van de stad waar ze wonen in kaart\nte laten brengen. En dat doen ze door bewust te fietsen, een gewoonte waar\niedereen baat bij heeft.\n\nVervoeg ons Affiliate-programma, promoot ons merk en onze producten en ontvang\neen mooie commissie op de verkoop. Aansluiten is gratis en eenvoudig.\n\n## Enkele voordelen\n\n * Mooie verkoopcommissie \n * Uitstekende AOV en on-site conversiepercentage \n * Groot aanbod aan reclamemateriaal \n * Regelmatig bijgewerkte productfeeds \n * 30 dagen cookievenster \n * Gratis lid worden \n\n## Zo werkt het\n\n### Stap 1 - Meld je aan\n\nMeld je aan als publisher en schrijf je meteen in voor het Cowboy programma.\n\n### Stap 2 - Plaats links naar Cowboy\n\nPlaats links naar Cowboy op je website, zoals tekstlinks en banners. Je lezers\nklikken op de links en kopen een Cowboy fiets.\n\n### Stap 3 - Ontvang je commissie\n\nJe commissie wordt uitbetaald.\n\n## Sluit je aan\n\n[ Je vindt ons programma op het CJ Affiliate netwerk\n](https://signup.cj.com/member/signup/publisher/?cid=6019298#/branded) .\n\nWe proberen om je aanvraag snel te behandelen.\n\nAls je vragen hebt over ons programma of nog sneller een antwoord wil, mag je\nons altijd mailen op [ partner@cowboy.com ](mailto:partner@cowboy.com) .\n\n## Ontdek\n\n * [ Classic ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic)\n * [ Cruiser ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser)\n * [ Cruiser ST ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st)\n * [ Cross ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross)\n * [ Cross ST ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st)\n * [ Circular ](/nl-be/collections/circular)\n * [ Accessoires & onderdelen ](/nl-be/collections/accessories)\n * [ Boek een testrit ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride)\n\n## Services\n\n * [ Care ](/nl-be/products/cowboy-care)\n * [ Diefstalverzekering ](/nl-be/products/theft-insurance)\n * [ Betalingsmethoden ](/nl-be/pages/payment-methods)\n * [ Leasing ](/nl-be/pages/lease-a-cowboy)\n * [ Garantie ](/nl-be/products/warranty)\n * [ Business ](/nl-be/pages/business)\n * [ Studenten ](/nl-be/pages/student-program)\n\n## Over ons\n\n * [ Reviews ](/nl-be/blogs/reviews)\n * [ Pers ](/nl-be/blogs/press)\n * [ Blog ](/nl-be/blogs/stories)\n * [ Winkels ](/nl-be/pages/stores)\n * [ Vacatures ](/nl-be/pages/careers)\n * [ Affiliate-programma ](/nl-be/pages/affiliate)\n\n## Help\n\n * [ Contact ](/nl-be/pages/contact-us)\n * [ FAQ ](https://help.cowboy.com)\n * [ Levering ](/nl-be/pages/delivery)\n * [ Retourneren ](/nl-be/pages/returns)\n\n## Geen nieuwsbrief zoals alle anderen\n\n * [ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/CowboyHQ/)\n * [ YouTube ](https://www.youtube.com/c/COWBOYBikes/featured)\n\n[ ](/nl-be/)\n\n[ B Corp ](/nl-be/pages/b-corp)\n\n* * *\n\n * [ Terms of use ](/nl-be/pages/terms-of-use)\n * [ Data protection policy ](/nl-be/pages/privacy-policy)\n * \u00c2\u00a9 2025 Cowboy \n\n",
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n[ **Service\u00c2 ?** D\u00c3\u00a9sormais dans plus de 200 magasins \nou chez vous. _En savoir plus_ ](/fr-be/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ Quel Cowboy vous convient le mieux\u00c2 ? \nCommencez le quiz ](/fr-be/pages/which-cowboy-is-right-for-you)\n\n## Votre panier\n\nIl n'y a rien par ici, mais [ il y a des test rides par-l\u00c3 ](/fr-\nbe/pages/test-ride/) .\n\n[ Ajouter un v\u00c3\u00a9lo ](/cart) [ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez les accessoires\n](/collections/accessories)\n\n## Votre panier\n\nIl n'y a rien par ici, mais [ il y a des test rides par-l\u00c3 ](/fr-\nbe/pages/test-ride/) .\n\n[ Ajouter un v\u00c3\u00a9lo ](/cart) [ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez les accessoires\n](/collections/accessories)\n\n# Blog Views on the street\n\n## Explorez\n\n * [ Classic ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic)\n * [ Cruiser ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser)\n * [ Cruiser ST ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st)\n * [ Cross ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross)\n * [ Cross ST ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st)\n * [ Circular ](/fr-be/collections/circular)\n * [ Accessoires & pi\u00c3\u00a8ces ](/fr-be/collections/accessories)\n * [ R\u00c3\u00a9servez un essai ](/fr-be/pages/test-ride)\n\n## Services\n\n * [ Care ](/fr-be/products/cowboy-care)\n * [ Assurance vol ](/fr-be/products/theft-insurance)\n * [ M\u00c3\u00a9thodes de paiement ](/fr-be/pages/payment-methods)\n * [ Leasing ](/fr-be/pages/lease-a-cowboy)\n * [ Garantie ](/fr-be/products/warranty)\n * [ Business ](/fr-be/pages/business)\n * [ \u00c3\u0089tudiants ](/fr-be/pages/student-program)\n\n## \u00c3\u0080 propos\n\n * [ Avis ](/fr-be/blogs/reviews)\n * [ Presse ](/fr-be/blogs/press)\n * [ Blog ](/fr-be/blogs/stories)\n * [ Magasins ](/fr-be/pages/stores)\n * [ Carri\u00c3\u00a8res ](/fr-be/pages/careers)\n * [ Programme d'affiliation ](/fr-be/pages/affiliate)\n\n## Aide\n\n * [ Contact ](/fr-be/pages/contact-us)\n * [ FAQ ](https://help.cowboy.com)\n * [ Livraisons ](/fr-be/pages/delivery)\n * [ Retours ](/fr-be/pages/returns)\n\n## Une newsletter pas comme les autres\n\n * [ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/CowboyHQ/)\n * [ YouTube ](https://www.youtube.com/c/COWBOYBikes/featured)\n\n[ ](/fr-be/)\n\n[ B Corp ](/fr-be/pages/b-corp)\n\n* * *\n\n * [ Terms of use ](/fr-be/pages/terms-of-use)\n * [ Data protection policy ](/fr-be/pages/privacy-policy)\n * \u00c2\u00a9 2025 Cowboy \n\n",
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n[ **Service\u00c2 ?** D\u00c3\u00a9sormais dans plus de 200 magasins \nou chez vous. _En savoir plus_ ](/fr-be/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ Quel Cowboy vous convient le mieux\u00c2 ? \nCommencez le quiz ](/fr-be/pages/which-cowboy-is-right-for-you)\n\n## Votre panier\n\nIl n'y a rien par ici, mais [ il y a des test rides par-l\u00c3 ](/fr-\nbe/pages/test-ride/) .\n\n[ Ajouter un v\u00c3\u00a9lo ](/cart) [ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez les accessoires\n](/collections/accessories)\n\n## Votre panier\n\nIl n'y a rien par ici, mais [ il y a des test rides par-l\u00c3 ](/fr-\nbe/pages/test-ride/) .\n\n[ Ajouter un v\u00c3\u00a9lo ](/cart) [ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez les accessoires\n](/collections/accessories)\n\n# Magasins\n\nD\u00c3\u00a9couvre notre r\u00c3\u00a9seau de **plus de 200 partenaires certifi\u00c3\u00a9s** \u00e2\u0080\u0094 tes\npoints de r\u00c3\u00a9f\u00c3\u00a9rence pour un essai, un achat ou une r\u00c3\u00a9paration\nprofessionnelle.\n\nTrouver \u00c3 proximit\u00c3\u00a9\n\n## pages.stores.usps.title\n\n### L'essayer, c'est l'adopter\n\nFaites l'exp\u00c3\u00a9rience de la diff\u00c3\u00a9rence. Un v\u00c3\u00a9lo Cowboy est con\u00c3\u00a7u pour \u00c3\u00aatre\nbeau \u00c3 l'int\u00c3\u00a9rieur comme \u00c3 l'ext\u00c3\u00a9rieur, chaque d\u00c3\u00a9tail \u00c3\u00a9tant parfaitement\nint\u00c3\u00a9gr\u00c3\u00a9 au cadre. Prenez-le pour un tour et sentez l'AdaptivePower\u00e2\u0084\u00a2 en\naction - s'ajustant sans effort \u00c3 vos conditions de conduite pour une conduite\nsouple et puissante.\n\n### Des conseils d'experts, adapt\u00c3\u00a9s \u00c3 vos besoins\n\nQue tu sois un nouvel adepte du v\u00c3\u00a9lo \u00c3\u00a9lectrique ou un passionn\u00c3\u00a9 de\ncyclisme, nos experts en magasin sont l\u00c3 pour te guider. D\u00c3\u00a9couvre nos\nfonctionnalit\u00c3\u00a9s connect\u00c3\u00a9es et notre design haut de gamme qui rendent chaque\ntrajet intuitif. Nous nous assurerons que tu repartes avec toutes les\nr\u00c3\u00a9ponses \u00c3 tes questions, pr\u00c3\u00aat pour ton prochain ride.\n\n### Entretien et r\u00c3\u00a9paration\n\nGarde ton v\u00c3\u00a9lo en parfait \u00c3\u00a9tat gr\u00c3\u00a2ce \u00c3 l'entretien professionnel de nos\nPartenaires Certifi\u00c3\u00a9s. Que ce soit pour un contr\u00c3\u00b4le de routine ou une petite\nr\u00c3\u00a9paration, notre r\u00c3\u00a9seau d'experts est pr\u00c3\u00aat \u00c3 t'apporter le soutien dont tu\nas besoin.\n\nBesoin de plus d'informations\u00c2 ? Voici les r\u00c3\u00a9ponses aux questions les plus\nfr\u00c3\u00a9quemment pos\u00c3\u00a9es sur notre r\u00c3\u00a9seau de partenaires certifi\u00c3\u00a9s.\n\n## FAQ\n\n## Explorez\n\n * [ Classic ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic)\n * [ Cruiser ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser)\n * [ Cruiser ST ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st)\n * [ Cross ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross)\n * [ Cross ST ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st)\n * [ Circular ](/fr-be/collections/circular)\n * [ Accessoires & pi\u00c3\u00a8ces ](/fr-be/collections/accessories)\n * [ R\u00c3\u00a9servez un essai ](/fr-be/pages/test-ride)\n\n## Services\n\n * [ Care ](/fr-be/products/cowboy-care)\n * [ Assurance vol ](/fr-be/products/theft-insurance)\n * [ M\u00c3\u00a9thodes de paiement ](/fr-be/pages/payment-methods)\n * [ Leasing ](/fr-be/pages/lease-a-cowboy)\n * [ Garantie ](/fr-be/products/warranty)\n * [ Business ](/fr-be/pages/business)\n * [ \u00c3\u0089tudiants ](/fr-be/pages/student-program)\n\n## \u00c3\u0080 propos\n\n * [ Avis ](/fr-be/blogs/reviews)\n * [ Presse ](/fr-be/blogs/press)\n * [ Blog ](/fr-be/blogs/stories)\n * [ Magasins ](/fr-be/pages/stores)\n * [ Carri\u00c3\u00a8res ](/fr-be/pages/careers)\n * [ Programme d'affiliation ](/fr-be/pages/affiliate)\n\n## Aide\n\n * [ Contact ](/fr-be/pages/contact-us)\n * [ FAQ ](https://help.cowboy.com)\n * [ Livraisons ](/fr-be/pages/delivery)\n * [ Retours ](/fr-be/pages/returns)\n\n## Une newsletter pas comme les autres\n\n * [ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/CowboyHQ/)\n * [ YouTube ](https://www.youtube.com/c/COWBOYBikes/featured)\n\n[ ](/fr-be/)\n\n[ B Corp ](/fr-be/pages/b-corp)\n\n* * *\n\n * [ Terms of use ](/fr-be/pages/terms-of-use)\n * [ Data protection policy ](/fr-be/pages/privacy-policy)\n * \u00c2\u00a9 2025 Cowboy \n\n",
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n[ **Service?** Nu bij 200+ winkels \nof gewoon bij jou thuis. _Meer info_ ](/nl-be/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ Welke Cowboy is geschikt voor jou? \nDoe de quiz ](/nl-be/pages/which-cowboy-is-right-for-you)\n\n## Je winkelwagentje\n\nNiks te zien hier, maar [ een testride is dichtbij ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride/)\n.\n\n[ Fiets toevoegen ](/cart) [ Shop accessoires ](/collections/accessories)\n\n## Je winkelwagentje\n\nNiks te zien hier, maar [ een testride is dichtbij ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride/)\n.\n\n[ Fiets toevoegen ](/cart) [ Shop accessoires ](/collections/accessories)\n\n# Winkels\n\nOntdek ons netwerk van **meer dan 200 Gecertificeerde Partners** \u00e2\u0080\u0094 jouw\nadres voor een testrit, aankoop of professionele reparatie.\n\nZoek in de buurt\n\n## pages.stores.usps.title\n\n### Eens geprobeerd, meteen geliefd\n\nErvaar zelf het verschil. Een Cowboy fiets is ontworpen om mooi te zijn van\nbinnen en van buiten, met elk detail naadloos ge\u00c3\u00afntegreerd in het frame. Maak\neen ritje en voel de AdaptivePower\u00e2\u0084\u00a2 in actie: hij past zich moeiteloos aan\nje rijomstandigheden aan voor een soepele, krachtige rit.\n\n### Deskundig advies, op maat gemaakt voor jou\n\nOf je nu voor het eerst op een e-bike stapt of een echte fietsliefhebber bent,\nonze experts in de winkel staan klaar om je te begeleiden. Leer alles over\nCowboy's connected functies en premium design die elke rit intu\u00c3\u00aftief maken.\nWe zorgen ervoor dat je met alle antwoorden naar buiten stapt, klaar voor je\nvolgende rit.\n\n### Onderhoud en reparatie\n\nHoud je fiets in topconditie met professionele service van onze\nGecertificeerde Partners. Of het nu gaat om een routinecheck of een snelle\nreparatie, ons netwerk van experts staat voor je klaar met de ondersteuning\ndie je nodig hebt.\n\nMeer informatie nodig? Hier vindt u de antwoorden op een aantal veelgestelde\nvragen over ons netwerk van Certified Partners.\n\n## FAQ\n\n## Ontdek\n\n * [ Classic ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic)\n * [ Cruiser ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser)\n * [ Cruiser ST ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st)\n * [ Cross ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross)\n * [ Cross ST ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st)\n * [ Circular ](/nl-be/collections/circular)\n * [ Accessoires & onderdelen ](/nl-be/collections/accessories)\n * [ Boek een testrit ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride)\n\n## Services\n\n * [ Care ](/nl-be/products/cowboy-care)\n * [ Diefstalverzekering ](/nl-be/products/theft-insurance)\n * [ Betalingsmethoden ](/nl-be/pages/payment-methods)\n * [ Leasing ](/nl-be/pages/lease-a-cowboy)\n * [ Garantie ](/nl-be/products/warranty)\n * [ Business ](/nl-be/pages/business)\n * [ Studenten ](/nl-be/pages/student-program)\n\n## Over ons\n\n * [ Reviews ](/nl-be/blogs/reviews)\n * [ Pers ](/nl-be/blogs/press)\n * [ Blog ](/nl-be/blogs/stories)\n * [ Winkels ](/nl-be/pages/stores)\n * [ Vacatures ](/nl-be/pages/careers)\n * [ Affiliate-programma ](/nl-be/pages/affiliate)\n\n## Help\n\n * [ Contact ](/nl-be/pages/contact-us)\n * [ FAQ ](https://help.cowboy.com)\n * [ Levering ](/nl-be/pages/delivery)\n * [ Retourneren ](/nl-be/pages/returns)\n\n## Geen nieuwsbrief zoals alle anderen\n\n * [ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/CowboyHQ/)\n * [ YouTube ](https://www.youtube.com/c/COWBOYBikes/featured)\n\n[ ](/nl-be/)\n\n[ B Corp ](/nl-be/pages/b-corp)\n\n* * *\n\n * [ Terms of use ](/nl-be/pages/terms-of-use)\n * [ Data protection policy ](/nl-be/pages/privacy-policy)\n * \u00c2\u00a9 2025 Cowboy \n\n",
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n[ **Service?** Nu bij 200+ winkels \nof gewoon bij jou thuis. _Meer info_ ](/nl-be/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ Welke Cowboy is geschikt voor jou? \nDoe de quiz ](/nl-be/pages/which-cowboy-is-right-for-you)\n\n## Je winkelwagentje\n\nNiks te zien hier, maar [ een testride is dichtbij ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride/)\n.\n\n[ Fiets toevoegen ](/cart) [ Shop accessoires ](/collections/accessories)\n\n## Je winkelwagentje\n\nNiks te zien hier, maar [ een testride is dichtbij ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride/)\n.\n\n[ Fiets toevoegen ](/cart) [ Shop accessoires ](/collections/accessories)\n\n# Blog Views on the street\n\n## Ontdek\n\n * [ Classic ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic)\n * [ Cruiser ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser)\n * [ Cruiser ST ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st)\n * [ Cross ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross)\n * [ Cross ST ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st)\n * [ Circular ](/nl-be/collections/circular)\n * [ Accessoires & onderdelen ](/nl-be/collections/accessories)\n * [ Boek een testrit ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride)\n\n## Services\n\n * [ Care ](/nl-be/products/cowboy-care)\n * [ Diefstalverzekering ](/nl-be/products/theft-insurance)\n * [ Betalingsmethoden ](/nl-be/pages/payment-methods)\n * [ Leasing ](/nl-be/pages/lease-a-cowboy)\n * [ Garantie ](/nl-be/products/warranty)\n * [ Business ](/nl-be/pages/business)\n * [ Studenten ](/nl-be/pages/student-program)\n\n## Over ons\n\n * [ Reviews ](/nl-be/blogs/reviews)\n * [ Pers ](/nl-be/blogs/press)\n * [ Blog ](/nl-be/blogs/stories)\n * [ Winkels ](/nl-be/pages/stores)\n * [ Vacatures ](/nl-be/pages/careers)\n * [ Affiliate-programma ](/nl-be/pages/affiliate)\n\n## Help\n\n * [ Contact ](/nl-be/pages/contact-us)\n * [ FAQ ](https://help.cowboy.com)\n * [ Levering ](/nl-be/pages/delivery)\n * [ Retourneren ](/nl-be/pages/returns)\n\n## Geen nieuwsbrief zoals alle anderen\n\n * [ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/CowboyHQ/)\n * [ YouTube ](https://www.youtube.com/c/COWBOYBikes/featured)\n\n[ ](/nl-be/)\n\n[ B Corp ](/nl-be/pages/b-corp)\n\n* * *\n\n * [ Terms of use ](/nl-be/pages/terms-of-use)\n * [ Data protection policy ](/nl-be/pages/privacy-policy)\n * \u00c2\u00a9 2025 Cowboy \n\n",
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n[ **Service\u00c2 ?** D\u00c3\u00a9sormais dans plus de 200 magasins \nou chez vous. _En savoir plus_ ](/fr-be/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ Quel Cowboy vous convient le mieux\u00c2 ? \nCommencez le quiz ](/fr-be/pages/which-cowboy-is-right-for-you)\n\n## Votre panier\n\nIl n'y a rien par ici, mais [ il y a des test rides par-l\u00c3 ](/fr-\nbe/pages/test-ride/) .\n\n[ Ajouter un v\u00c3\u00a9lo ](/cart) [ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez les accessoires\n](/collections/accessories)\n\n## Votre panier\n\nIl n'y a rien par ici, mais [ il y a des test rides par-l\u00c3 ](/fr-\nbe/pages/test-ride/) .\n\n[ Ajouter un v\u00c3\u00a9lo ](/cart) [ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez les accessoires\n](/collections/accessories)\n\n# Presse Salle de presse\n\nActualit\u00c3\u00a9s \u00c3\u0080 propos de Cowboy Contact\n\n## \u00c3\u0080 propos de Cowboy\n\nFond\u00c3\u00a9e en 2017 par les entrepreneurs Adrien Roose, Karim Slaoui et Tanguy\nGoretti, Cowboy a \u00c3\u00a9tabli son si\u00c3\u00a8ge \u00c3 Bruxelles, en Belgique. Le v\u00c3\u00a9lo\n\u00c3\u00a9lectrique le plus connect\u00c3\u00a9 au monde pour les cyclistes urbains continue de\ntransformer l'industrie du v\u00c3\u00a9lo et de la mobilit\u00c3\u00a9 - du point de vente au\npoint de service. Sa mission est de construire un meilleur v\u00c3\u00a9lo et de laisser\nun monde meilleur. En 2022, Cowboy est devenu le premier fabricant de v\u00c3\u00a9los\n\u00c3\u00a9lectriques \u00c3 obtenir le statut de B Corp.\n\nCowboy compte aujourd'hui des clients dans plus de 2 500 villes \u00c3 travers\nl'Europe et les \u00c3\u0089tats-Unis. Cowboy est laur\u00c3\u00a9at de l'Eurobike 2017, du Red\nDot Bicycle Design Award 2018, du prix Red Dot 'Best of the Best' pour la\nconception de produits en 2019, 2021 et 2024, de l'une des \"meilleures\ninventions\" du TIME Magazine en 2022, et du Wallpaper* Smart Space Award pour\nle transport personnel le plus r\u00c3\u00a9volutionnaire en 2023. En 2024, son nouveau\nmod\u00c3\u00a8le Cross, a r\u00c3\u00a9colt\u00c3\u00a9 son premier prix, en \u00c3\u00a9tant nomm\u00c3\u00a9 meilleur v\u00c3\u00a9lo\n\u00c3\u00a9lectrique par le magazine GQ.\n\n## Contact\n\nPour les demandes de renseignements, contactez-nous.\n\n[ press@cowboy.com ](mailto:press@cowboy.com)\n\n## Explorez\n\n * [ Classic ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic)\n * [ Cruiser ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser)\n * [ Cruiser ST ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st)\n * [ Cross ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross)\n * [ Cross ST ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st)\n * [ Circular ](/fr-be/collections/circular)\n * [ Accessoires & pi\u00c3\u00a8ces ](/fr-be/collections/accessories)\n * [ R\u00c3\u00a9servez un essai ](/fr-be/pages/test-ride)\n\n## Services\n\n * [ Care ](/fr-be/products/cowboy-care)\n * [ Assurance vol ](/fr-be/products/theft-insurance)\n * [ M\u00c3\u00a9thodes de paiement ](/fr-be/pages/payment-methods)\n * [ Leasing ](/fr-be/pages/lease-a-cowboy)\n * [ Garantie ](/fr-be/products/warranty)\n * [ Business ](/fr-be/pages/business)\n * [ \u00c3\u0089tudiants ](/fr-be/pages/student-program)\n\n## \u00c3\u0080 propos\n\n * [ Avis ](/fr-be/blogs/reviews)\n * [ Presse ](/fr-be/blogs/press)\n * [ Blog ](/fr-be/blogs/stories)\n * [ Magasins ](/fr-be/pages/stores)\n * [ Carri\u00c3\u00a8res ](/fr-be/pages/careers)\n * [ Programme d'affiliation ](/fr-be/pages/affiliate)\n\n## Aide\n\n * [ Contact ](/fr-be/pages/contact-us)\n * [ FAQ ](https://help.cowboy.com)\n * [ Livraisons ](/fr-be/pages/delivery)\n * [ Retours ](/fr-be/pages/returns)\n\n## Une newsletter pas comme les autres\n\n * [ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/CowboyHQ/)\n * [ YouTube ](https://www.youtube.com/c/COWBOYBikes/featured)\n\n[ ](/fr-be/)\n\n[ B Corp ](/fr-be/pages/b-corp)\n\n* * *\n\n * [ Terms of use ](/fr-be/pages/terms-of-use)\n * [ Data protection policy ](/fr-be/pages/privacy-policy)\n * \u00c2\u00a9 2025 Cowboy \n\n",
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n[ **Service\u00c2 ?** D\u00c3\u00a9sormais dans plus de 200 magasins \nou chez vous. _En savoir plus_ ](/fr-be/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ Quel Cowboy vous convient le mieux\u00c2 ? \nCommencez le quiz ](/fr-be/pages/which-cowboy-is-right-for-you)\n\n## Votre panier\n\nIl n'y a rien par ici, mais [ il y a des test rides par-l\u00c3 ](/fr-\nbe/pages/test-ride/) .\n\n[ Ajouter un v\u00c3\u00a9lo ](/cart) [ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez les accessoires\n](/collections/accessories)\n\n## Votre panier\n\nIl n'y a rien par ici, mais [ il y a des test rides par-l\u00c3 ](/fr-\nbe/pages/test-ride/) .\n\n[ Ajouter un v\u00c3\u00a9lo ](/cart) [ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez les accessoires\n](/collections/accessories)\n\n# Tout le monde en parle\n\nV\u00c3\u00a9lo \u00c3\u00a9lectrique le mieux not\u00c3\u00a9 du march\u00c3\u00a9, le Cowboy est largement\npl\u00c3\u00a9biscit\u00c3\u00a9 par sa communaut\u00c3\u00a9. Parcourez les t\u00c3\u00a9moignages glan\u00c3\u00a9s sur les\nroutes d'Europe.\n\n## Explorez\n\n * [ Classic ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic)\n * [ Cruiser ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser)\n * [ Cruiser ST ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st)\n * [ Cross ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross)\n * [ Cross ST ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st)\n * [ Circular ](/fr-be/collections/circular)\n * [ Accessoires & pi\u00c3\u00a8ces ](/fr-be/collections/accessories)\n * [ R\u00c3\u00a9servez un essai ](/fr-be/pages/test-ride)\n\n## Services\n\n * [ Care ](/fr-be/products/cowboy-care)\n * [ Assurance vol ](/fr-be/products/theft-insurance)\n * [ M\u00c3\u00a9thodes de paiement ](/fr-be/pages/payment-methods)\n * [ Leasing ](/fr-be/pages/lease-a-cowboy)\n * [ Garantie ](/fr-be/products/warranty)\n * [ Business ](/fr-be/pages/business)\n * [ \u00c3\u0089tudiants ](/fr-be/pages/student-program)\n\n## \u00c3\u0080 propos\n\n * [ Avis ](/fr-be/blogs/reviews)\n * [ Presse ](/fr-be/blogs/press)\n * [ Blog ](/fr-be/blogs/stories)\n * [ Magasins ](/fr-be/pages/stores)\n * [ Carri\u00c3\u00a8res ](/fr-be/pages/careers)\n * [ Programme d'affiliation ](/fr-be/pages/affiliate)\n\n## Aide\n\n * [ Contact ](/fr-be/pages/contact-us)\n * [ FAQ ](https://help.cowboy.com)\n * [ Livraisons ](/fr-be/pages/delivery)\n * [ Retours ](/fr-be/pages/returns)\n\n## Une newsletter pas comme les autres\n\n * [ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/CowboyHQ/)\n * [ YouTube ](https://www.youtube.com/c/COWBOYBikes/featured)\n\n[ ](/fr-be/)\n\n[ B Corp ](/fr-be/pages/b-corp)\n\n* * *\n\n * [ Terms of use ](/fr-be/pages/terms-of-use)\n * [ Data protection policy ](/fr-be/pages/privacy-policy)\n * \u00c2\u00a9 2025 Cowboy \n\n",
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n[ **Service?** Nu bij 200+ winkels \nof gewoon bij jou thuis. _Meer info_ ](/nl-be/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ Welke Cowboy is geschikt voor jou? \nDoe de quiz ](/nl-be/pages/which-cowboy-is-right-for-you)\n\n## Je winkelwagentje\n\nNiks te zien hier, maar [ een testride is dichtbij ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride/)\n.\n\n[ Fiets toevoegen ](/cart) [ Shop accessoires ](/collections/accessories)\n\n## Je winkelwagentje\n\nNiks te zien hier, maar [ een testride is dichtbij ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride/)\n.\n\n[ Fiets toevoegen ](/cart) [ Shop accessoires ](/collections/accessories)\n\n# Wat ze over ons zeggen\n\nCowboy scoort hoog bij zijn riders en is dan ook de meest geprezen elektrische\nfiets in de stad. Lees hun verhaal.\n\n## Ontdek\n\n * [ Classic ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic)\n * [ Cruiser ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser)\n * [ Cruiser ST ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st)\n * [ Cross ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross)\n * [ Cross ST ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st)\n * [ Circular ](/nl-be/collections/circular)\n * [ Accessoires & onderdelen ](/nl-be/collections/accessories)\n * [ Boek een testrit ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride)\n\n## Services\n\n * [ Care ](/nl-be/products/cowboy-care)\n * [ Diefstalverzekering ](/nl-be/products/theft-insurance)\n * [ Betalingsmethoden ](/nl-be/pages/payment-methods)\n * [ Leasing ](/nl-be/pages/lease-a-cowboy)\n * [ Garantie ](/nl-be/products/warranty)\n * [ Business ](/nl-be/pages/business)\n * [ Studenten ](/nl-be/pages/student-program)\n\n## Over ons\n\n * [ Reviews ](/nl-be/blogs/reviews)\n * [ Pers ](/nl-be/blogs/press)\n * [ Blog ](/nl-be/blogs/stories)\n * [ Winkels ](/nl-be/pages/stores)\n * [ Vacatures ](/nl-be/pages/careers)\n * [ Affiliate-programma ](/nl-be/pages/affiliate)\n\n## Help\n\n * [ Contact ](/nl-be/pages/contact-us)\n * [ FAQ ](https://help.cowboy.com)\n * [ Levering ](/nl-be/pages/delivery)\n * [ Retourneren ](/nl-be/pages/returns)\n\n## Geen nieuwsbrief zoals alle anderen\n\n * [ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/CowboyHQ/)\n * [ YouTube ](https://www.youtube.com/c/COWBOYBikes/featured)\n\n[ ](/nl-be/)\n\n[ B Corp ](/nl-be/pages/b-corp)\n\n* * *\n\n * [ Terms of use ](/nl-be/pages/terms-of-use)\n * [ Data protection policy ](/nl-be/pages/privacy-policy)\n * \u00c2\u00a9 2025 Cowboy \n\n",
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n[ **Service?** Nu bij 200+ winkels \nof gewoon bij jou thuis. _Meer info_ ](/nl-be/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ Welke Cowboy is geschikt voor jou? \nDoe de quiz ](/nl-be/pages/which-cowboy-is-right-for-you)\n\n## Je winkelwagentje\n\nNiks te zien hier, maar [ een testride is dichtbij ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride/)\n.\n\n[ Fiets toevoegen ](/cart) [ Shop accessoires ](/collections/accessories)\n\n## Je winkelwagentje\n\nNiks te zien hier, maar [ een testride is dichtbij ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride/)\n.\n\n[ Fiets toevoegen ](/cart) [ Shop accessoires ](/collections/accessories)\n\n# Pers Nieuws\n\nNieuws Over Cowboy Contact\n\n## Over Cowboy\n\nCowboy werd in 2017 opgericht door startende ondernemers Adrien Roose, Karim\nSlaoui en Tanguy Goretti en heeft zijn hoofdkantoor in Brussel, Belgi\u00c3\u00ab. 's\nWerelds meest geconnecteerde elektrische fiets voor urban riders blijft de\nfiets- en mobiliteitsindustrie transformeren - van verkooppunt tot\nservicepunt. Haar missie is om een betere fiets te bouwen, een betere ik te\ncre\u00c3\u00abren en een betere wereld achter te laten. In 2022 werd Cowboy de eerste\nfabrikant van e-bikes die de B Corp status behaalde.\n\nCowboy heeft nu klanten in meer dan 2.500 steden in Europa en de VS. Cowboy is\nde winnaar van de Eurobike 2017, de Red Dot Bicycle Design Award 2018, de Red\nDot 'Best of the Best' award voor productontwerp in 2019, 2021 en 2024, een\nvan TIME Magazine's \"Best Inventions\" van 2022, en de Wallpaper* Smart Space\nAward voor Meest Revolutionaire Persoonlijk Vervoer in 2023. In 2024 werd het\nnieuwe model Cross voor het eerst bekroond met de titel Best E-Bike door GQ\nMagazine.\n\n## Contact\n\nVoor persvragen, neem contact met ons op.\n\n[ press@cowboy.com ](mailto:press@cowboy.com)\n\n## Ontdek\n\n * [ Classic ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic)\n * [ Cruiser ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser)\n * [ Cruiser ST ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st)\n * [ Cross ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross)\n * [ Cross ST ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st)\n * [ Circular ](/nl-be/collections/circular)\n * [ Accessoires & onderdelen ](/nl-be/collections/accessories)\n * [ Boek een testrit ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride)\n\n## Services\n\n * [ Care ](/nl-be/products/cowboy-care)\n * [ Diefstalverzekering ](/nl-be/products/theft-insurance)\n * [ Betalingsmethoden ](/nl-be/pages/payment-methods)\n * [ Leasing ](/nl-be/pages/lease-a-cowboy)\n * [ Garantie ](/nl-be/products/warranty)\n * [ Business ](/nl-be/pages/business)\n * [ Studenten ](/nl-be/pages/student-program)\n\n## Over ons\n\n * [ Reviews ](/nl-be/blogs/reviews)\n * [ Pers ](/nl-be/blogs/press)\n * [ Blog ](/nl-be/blogs/stories)\n * [ Winkels ](/nl-be/pages/stores)\n * [ Vacatures ](/nl-be/pages/careers)\n * [ Affiliate-programma ](/nl-be/pages/affiliate)\n\n## Help\n\n * [ Contact ](/nl-be/pages/contact-us)\n * [ FAQ ](https://help.cowboy.com)\n * [ Levering ](/nl-be/pages/delivery)\n * [ Retourneren ](/nl-be/pages/returns)\n\n## Geen nieuwsbrief zoals alle anderen\n\n * [ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/CowboyHQ/)\n * [ YouTube ](https://www.youtube.com/c/COWBOYBikes/featured)\n\n[ ](/nl-be/)\n\n[ B Corp ](/nl-be/pages/b-corp)\n\n* * *\n\n * [ Terms of use ](/nl-be/pages/terms-of-use)\n * [ Data protection policy ](/nl-be/pages/privacy-policy)\n * \u00c2\u00a9 2025 Cowboy \n\n",
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n[ **Service\u00c2 ?** D\u00c3\u00a9sormais dans plus de 200 magasins \nou chez vous. _En savoir plus_ ](/fr-be/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ Quel Cowboy vous convient le mieux\u00c2 ? \nCommencez le quiz ](/fr-be/pages/which-cowboy-is-right-for-you)\n\n## Votre panier\n\nIl n'y a rien par ici, mais [ il y a des test rides par-l\u00c3 ](/fr-\nbe/pages/test-ride/) .\n\n[ Ajouter un v\u00c3\u00a9lo ](/cart) [ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez les accessoires\n](/collections/accessories)\n\n## Votre panier\n\nIl n'y a rien par ici, mais [ il y a des test rides par-l\u00c3 ](/fr-\nbe/pages/test-ride/) .\n\n[ Ajouter un v\u00c3\u00a9lo ](/cart) [ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez les accessoires\n](/collections/accessories)\n\n# Cowboy pour les \u00c3\u00a9tudiants\n\n10% d'\u00c3\u00a9conomies exclusives. Il vous suffit de r\u00c3\u00a9server un essai gratuit et\nde pr\u00c3\u00a9senter votre carte d'\u00c3\u00a9tudiant pour en b\u00c3\u00a9n\u00c3\u00a9ficier.\n\nUn design \u00c3\u00a9poustouflant et la meilleure connectivit\u00c3\u00a9 de sa cat\u00c3\u00a9gorie ?\nC'est forc\u00c3\u00a9ment Cowboy. En tant qu'\u00c3\u00a9tudiant ou membre du personnel\nuniversitaire, vous pouvez b\u00c3\u00a9n\u00c3\u00a9ficier d'une remise exclusive de 10 % sur\nl'un de nos v\u00c3\u00a9los \u00c3\u00a9lectriques prim\u00c3\u00a9s.\n\nIl vous suffit de r\u00c3\u00a9server un essai gratuit et de pr\u00c3\u00a9senter votre carte\nd'\u00c3\u00a9tudiant pour en b\u00c3\u00a9n\u00c3\u00a9ficier.\n\n### Nous venons \u00c3 vous\n\n 1. **Bloquez votre agenda**\n\nChoisissez le lieu et la date, entrez vos coordonn\u00c3\u00a9es et nous viendrons \u00c3\nvous.\n\n 2. **Essayez-le gratuitement**\n\nPr\u00c3\u00a9sentez votre pi\u00c3\u00a8ce d'identit\u00c3\u00a9, enfourchez-le v\u00c3\u00a9lo et faites\nl'exp\u00c3\u00a9rience Cowboy. Ce n'est pas seulement un essai, c'est le d\u00c3\u00a9but d'une\nnouvelle aventure.\n\n 3. **B\u00c3\u00a9n\u00c3\u00a9ficiez de votre r\u00c3\u00a9duction**\n\nApr\u00c3\u00a8s l'essai, une r\u00c3\u00a9duction de 10 % vous attend dans votre bo\u00c3\u00aete de\nr\u00c3\u00a9ception. Vous pouvez l'utiliser jusqu'au 31 juillet 2025.\n\n[ R\u00c3\u00a9servez un essai ](/fr-be/pages/test-ride)\n\n## FAQ\n\n## Explorez\n\n * [ Classic ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic)\n * [ Cruiser ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser)\n * [ Cruiser ST ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st)\n * [ Cross ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross)\n * [ Cross ST ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st)\n * [ Circular ](/fr-be/collections/circular)\n * [ Accessoires & pi\u00c3\u00a8ces ](/fr-be/collections/accessories)\n * [ R\u00c3\u00a9servez un essai ](/fr-be/pages/test-ride)\n\n## Services\n\n * [ Care ](/fr-be/products/cowboy-care)\n * [ Assurance vol ](/fr-be/products/theft-insurance)\n * [ M\u00c3\u00a9thodes de paiement ](/fr-be/pages/payment-methods)\n * [ Leasing ](/fr-be/pages/lease-a-cowboy)\n * [ Garantie ](/fr-be/products/warranty)\n * [ Business ](/fr-be/pages/business)\n * [ \u00c3\u0089tudiants ](/fr-be/pages/student-program)\n\n## \u00c3\u0080 propos\n\n * [ Avis ](/fr-be/blogs/reviews)\n * [ Presse ](/fr-be/blogs/press)\n * [ Blog ](/fr-be/blogs/stories)\n * [ Magasins ](/fr-be/pages/stores)\n * [ Carri\u00c3\u00a8res ](/fr-be/pages/careers)\n * [ Programme d'affiliation ](/fr-be/pages/affiliate)\n\n## Aide\n\n * [ Contact ](/fr-be/pages/contact-us)\n * [ FAQ ](https://help.cowboy.com)\n * [ Livraisons ](/fr-be/pages/delivery)\n * [ Retours ](/fr-be/pages/returns)\n\n## Une newsletter pas comme les autres\n\n * [ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/CowboyHQ/)\n * [ YouTube ](https://www.youtube.com/c/COWBOYBikes/featured)\n\n[ ](/fr-be/)\n\n[ B Corp ](/fr-be/pages/b-corp)\n\n* * *\n\n * [ Terms of use ](/fr-be/pages/terms-of-use)\n * [ Data protection policy ](/fr-be/pages/privacy-policy)\n * \u00c2\u00a9 2025 Cowboy \n\n",
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n[ **Service?** Nu bij 200+ winkels \nof gewoon bij jou thuis. _Meer info_ ](/nl-be/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ Welke Cowboy is geschikt voor jou? \nDoe de quiz ](/nl-be/pages/which-cowboy-is-right-for-you)\n\n## Je winkelwagentje\n\nNiks te zien hier, maar [ een testride is dichtbij ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride/)\n.\n\n[ Fiets toevoegen ](/cart) [ Shop accessoires ](/collections/accessories)\n\n## Je winkelwagentje\n\nNiks te zien hier, maar [ een testride is dichtbij ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride/)\n.\n\n[ Fiets toevoegen ](/cart) [ Shop accessoires ](/collections/accessories)\n\n# Cowboy voor studenten\n\nExclusieve 10% korting. Je kan een gratis proefrit boeken en je studentenkaart\nlaten zien om in aanmerking te komen.\n\nVerbluffend design en de beste connectiviteit in zijn klasse? Dat moet Cowboy\nzijn. Als student of universiteitsmedewerker kom je in aanmerking voor een\nexclusieve korting van 10% op al onze bekroonde e-bikes.\n\nJe kan een gratis proefrit boeken en je studentenkaart laten zien om in\naanmerking te komen.\n\n### We komen naar je toe\n\n 1. **Markeer je agenda**\n\nKies je locatie en datum, vul je gegevens in en wij komen naar je toe.\n\n 1. **Probeer het gratis**\n\nLaat je ID zien, stap in en voel het verschil met Cowboy. Het is niet alleen\neen testrit; het is het begin van een nieuwe reis.\n\n 1. **Ontvang je korting**\n\nNa de rit krijg je 10% korting in je inbox. In te wisselen tot 31 juli 2025.\n\n[ Boek een testrit ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride)\n\n## FAQ\n\n## Ontdek\n\n * [ Classic ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic)\n * [ Cruiser ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser)\n * [ Cruiser ST ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st)\n * [ Cross ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross)\n * [ Cross ST ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st)\n * [ Circular ](/nl-be/collections/circular)\n * [ Accessoires & onderdelen ](/nl-be/collections/accessories)\n * [ Boek een testrit ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride)\n\n## Services\n\n * [ Care ](/nl-be/products/cowboy-care)\n * [ Diefstalverzekering ](/nl-be/products/theft-insurance)\n * [ Betalingsmethoden ](/nl-be/pages/payment-methods)\n * [ Leasing ](/nl-be/pages/lease-a-cowboy)\n * [ Garantie ](/nl-be/products/warranty)\n * [ Business ](/nl-be/pages/business)\n * [ Studenten ](/nl-be/pages/student-program)\n\n## Over ons\n\n * [ Reviews ](/nl-be/blogs/reviews)\n * [ Pers ](/nl-be/blogs/press)\n * [ Blog ](/nl-be/blogs/stories)\n * [ Winkels ](/nl-be/pages/stores)\n * [ Vacatures ](/nl-be/pages/careers)\n * [ Affiliate-programma ](/nl-be/pages/affiliate)\n\n## Help\n\n * [ Contact ](/nl-be/pages/contact-us)\n * [ FAQ ](https://help.cowboy.com)\n * [ Levering ](/nl-be/pages/delivery)\n * [ Retourneren ](/nl-be/pages/returns)\n\n## Geen nieuwsbrief zoals alle anderen\n\n * [ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/CowboyHQ/)\n * [ YouTube ](https://www.youtube.com/c/COWBOYBikes/featured)\n\n[ ](/nl-be/)\n\n[ B Corp ](/nl-be/pages/b-corp)\n\n* * *\n\n * [ Terms of use ](/nl-be/pages/terms-of-use)\n * [ Data protection policy ](/nl-be/pages/privacy-policy)\n * \u00c2\u00a9 2025 Cowboy \n\n",
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n[ **Service\u00c2 ?** D\u00c3\u00a9sormais dans plus de 200 magasins \nou chez vous. _En savoir plus_ ](/fr-be/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ Quel Cowboy vous convient le mieux\u00c2 ? \nCommencez le quiz ](/fr-be/pages/which-cowboy-is-right-for-you)\n\n## Votre panier\n\nIl n'y a rien par ici, mais [ il y a des test rides par-l\u00c3 ](/fr-\nbe/pages/test-ride/) .\n\n[ Ajouter un v\u00c3\u00a9lo ](/cart) [ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez les accessoires\n](/collections/accessories)\n\n## Votre panier\n\nIl n'y a rien par ici, mais [ il y a des test rides par-l\u00c3 ](/fr-\nbe/pages/test-ride/) .\n\n[ Ajouter un v\u00c3\u00a9lo ](/cart) [ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez les accessoires\n](/collections/accessories)\n\n# Entreprises et ind\u00c3\u00a9pendants Leasing Cowboy\n\nVous souhaitez offrir \u00c3 vos employ\u00c3\u00a9s l'avantage de se d\u00c3\u00a9placer avec un v\u00c3\u00a9lo\nCowboy ? Vous \u00c3\u00aates ind\u00c3\u00a9pendant et vous cherchez le v\u00c3\u00a9lo id\u00c3\u00a9al pour votre\nactivit\u00c3\u00a9 professionnelle ou vos d\u00c3\u00a9placements quotidiens ? Nous vous aiderons\n\u00c3 mettre en place votre plan de leasing Cowboy. \n\n## Un meilleur trajet\n\nUn v\u00c3\u00a9lo \u00c3\u00a9lectrique Cowboy est l'un des moyens de transport les plus\nrespectueux de l'environnement. Il a \u00c3\u00a9galement \u00c3\u00a9t\u00c3\u00a9 d\u00c3\u00a9montr\u00c3\u00a9 qu'il est\ndeux fois plus rapide qu'une voiture dans une ville encombr\u00c3\u00a9e. C'est aussi un\nmoyen de transport tr\u00c3\u00a8s amusant et qui permet de faire de l'exercice. Et\ngr\u00c3\u00a2ce aux programmes de leasing, il est plus accessible que jamais.\n\n## Avantages du leasing pour les ind\u00c3\u00a9pendants\n\n**Une offre cl\u00c3\u00a9 en main**\n\n Le leasing comprend l'assurance, l'entretien et l'assistance en cas de panne. \n**Avantage fiscal**\n\n Le montant mensuel du leasing est consid\u00c3\u00a9r\u00c3\u00a9 comme une d\u00c3\u00a9pense professionnelle, ce qui le rend d\u00c3\u00a9ductible \u00c3 100 % de l'imp\u00c3\u00b4t sur les soci\u00c3\u00a9t\u00c3\u00a9s. \n**Flux de tr\u00c3\u00a9sorerie**\n\n Avec un leasing \u00c3 partir de 99\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac net/mois, vous r\u00c3\u00a9duisez l'impact sur votre tr\u00c3\u00a9sorerie, ce qui vous permet de r\u00c3\u00a9aliser d'autres investissements importants pour votre entreprise. \n**Choix durable**\n\n Adoptez une solution qui am\u00c3\u00a9liore votre bien-\u00c3\u00aatre tout en soutenant la durabilit\u00c3\u00a9 environnementale. \n\n## Avantages pour l'\u00c3\u00a9quipe de l'employeur\n\n**Un avantage salari\u00c3\u00a9 pl\u00c3\u00a9biscit\u00c3\u00a9**\n\n Un v\u00c3\u00a9lo \u00c3\u00a9lectrique est l'un des avantages en nature les plus recherch\u00c3\u00a9s par les employ\u00c3\u00a9s. \n**Rentable**\n\n En tant qu'employeur, vous pouvez proposer un leasing de v\u00c3\u00a9los sur une base budg\u00c3\u00a9taire neutre en utilisant l'\u00c3\u00a9change d'une partie du salaire, d'une prime de fin d'ann\u00c3\u00a9e ou en utilisant le budget mobilit\u00c3\u00a9. Pour l'employ\u00c3\u00a9, il s'agit d'une option tr\u00c3\u00a8s avantageuse sur le plan fiscal, qui lui permet d'\u00c3\u00a9conomiser de l'argent par rapport \u00c3 un achat priv\u00c3\u00a9, avec des co\u00c3\u00bbts \u00c3 partir de 45 euros nets par mois. \n**Des employ\u00c3\u00a9s en meilleure sant\u00c3\u00a9 et plus heureux**\n\n Favorisez une \u00c3\u00a9quipe en meilleure sant\u00c3\u00a9 et plus satisfaite gr\u00c3\u00a2ce \u00c3 une option de transport durable. \n\n## Discutons : Explorez les opportunit\u00c3\u00a9s qui s'offrent \u00c3 votre \u00c3\u00a9quipe\n\nD\u00c3\u00a9couvrez comment des v\u00c3\u00a9los \u00c3\u00a9lectriques Cowboy peuvent transformer votre\nlieu de travail, am\u00c3\u00a9liorer la satisfaction de vos employ\u00c3\u00a9s et ouvrir la voie\nvers une mobilit\u00c3\u00a9 plus durable.\n\nQue vous souhaitiez commencer \u00c3 constituer une flotte d'entreprise ou explorer\ndes options de leasing pour vos employ\u00c3\u00a9s, nous sommes l\u00c3 pour vous\naccompagner. Planifiez un appel de 15 minutes avec notre \u00c3\u00a9quipe B2B pour\nd\u00c3\u00a9couvrir toutes les possibilit\u00c3\u00a9s qui s'offrent \u00c3 vous.\n\n## Comment \u00c3\u00a7a marche\n\nQuatre \u00c3\u00a9tapes simples pour vous mettre sur la route.\n\n**Remplissez le formulaire avec les coordonn\u00c3\u00a9es de votre entreprise**\n\n Remplissez le formulaire ci-dessous avec les coordonn\u00c3\u00a9es de votre entreprise. Vous recevrez plus d'informations de notre partenaire de leasing par email dans la journ\u00c3\u00a9e. \n**Acc\u00c3\u00a9dez \u00c3 la plateforme num\u00c3\u00a9rique**\n\n Une fois que votre entreprise a \u00c3\u00a9t\u00c3\u00a9 approuv\u00c3\u00a9e et que vous \u00c3\u00aates pr\u00c3\u00aat \u00c3 mettre en place votre plan de leasing, vous aurez acc\u00c3\u00a8s \u00c3 la plateforme num\u00c3\u00a9rique o\u00c3\u00b9 vous pourrez vous enregistrer ou enregistrer votre \u00c3\u00a9quipe et d\u00c3\u00a9finir les exigences pour le(s) contrat(s) de leasing. \n**Roulez \u00c3 v\u00c3\u00a9lo jusqu'\u00c3 votre lieu de travail**\n\n Le(s) v\u00c3\u00a9lo(s) de leasing que vous avez choisi(s) sera(ont) livr\u00c3\u00a9(s) \u00c3 l'adresse que vous ou votre \u00c3\u00a9quipe pr\u00c3\u00a9f\u00c3\u00a9rez. \n**Administration**\n\n La plateforme num\u00c3\u00a9rique de notre partenaire regroupe tout ce dont vous avez besoin, offrant une vue d'ensemble transparente de toutes les informations relatives \u00c3 la paie en un seul endroit pratique. \n\n## Dites-nous en plus\n\nRemplissez le formulaire avec vos coordonn\u00c3\u00a9es et un membre de notre \u00c3\u00a9quipe\nvous contactera pour discuter de vos besoins et pr\u00c3\u00a9parer un devis\npersonnalis\u00c3\u00a9.\n\n## Explorez\n\n * [ Classic ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic)\n * [ Cruiser ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser)\n * [ Cruiser ST ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st)\n * [ Cross ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross)\n * [ Cross ST ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st)\n * [ Circular ](/fr-be/collections/circular)\n * [ Accessoires & pi\u00c3\u00a8ces ](/fr-be/collections/accessories)\n * [ R\u00c3\u00a9servez un essai ](/fr-be/pages/test-ride)\n\n## Services\n\n * [ Care ](/fr-be/products/cowboy-care)\n * [ Assurance vol ](/fr-be/products/theft-insurance)\n * [ M\u00c3\u00a9thodes de paiement ](/fr-be/pages/payment-methods)\n * [ Leasing ](/fr-be/pages/lease-a-cowboy)\n * [ Garantie ](/fr-be/products/warranty)\n * [ Business ](/fr-be/pages/business)\n * [ \u00c3\u0089tudiants ](/fr-be/pages/student-program)\n\n## \u00c3\u0080 propos\n\n * [ Avis ](/fr-be/blogs/reviews)\n * [ Presse ](/fr-be/blogs/press)\n * [ Blog ](/fr-be/blogs/stories)\n * [ Magasins ](/fr-be/pages/stores)\n * [ Carri\u00c3\u00a8res ](/fr-be/pages/careers)\n * [ Programme d'affiliation ](/fr-be/pages/affiliate)\n\n## Aide\n\n * [ Contact ](/fr-be/pages/contact-us)\n * [ FAQ ](https://help.cowboy.com)\n * [ Livraisons ](/fr-be/pages/delivery)\n * [ Retours ](/fr-be/pages/returns)\n\n## Une newsletter pas comme les autres\n\n * [ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/CowboyHQ/)\n * [ YouTube ](https://www.youtube.com/c/COWBOYBikes/featured)\n\n[ ](/fr-be/)\n\n[ B Corp ](/fr-be/pages/b-corp)\n\n* * *\n\n * [ Terms of use ](/fr-be/pages/terms-of-use)\n * [ Data protection policy ](/fr-be/pages/privacy-policy)\n * \u00c2\u00a9 2025 Cowboy \n\n",
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n[ **Service?** Nu bij 200+ winkels \nof gewoon bij jou thuis. _Meer info_ ](/nl-be/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ Welke Cowboy is geschikt voor jou? \nDoe de quiz ](/nl-be/pages/which-cowboy-is-right-for-you)\n\n## Je winkelwagentje\n\nNiks te zien hier, maar [ een testride is dichtbij ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride/)\n.\n\n[ Fiets toevoegen ](/cart) [ Shop accessoires ](/collections/accessories)\n\n## Je winkelwagentje\n\nNiks te zien hier, maar [ een testride is dichtbij ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride/)\n.\n\n[ Fiets toevoegen ](/cart) [ Shop accessoires ](/collections/accessories)\n\n# Leasen voor werknemers Lease een Cowboy\n\nWij werken samen met de beste leasemaatschappijen om je de flexibiliteit te\ngeven die je nodig hebt. Met probleemloze opties vanaf \u00e2\u0082\u00ac49 per maand kun je\nmet je Cowboy naar je werk rijden.\n\n## Leaseproces\n\nEen goede eerste stap is om te kijken of je werkgever fietsleasing aanbiedt\nbij een van onze partneraanbieders. Als dit het geval is en je al toestemming\nhebt van je werkgever om een fiets te leasen, kun je op deze pagina beginnen\nmet het leaseproces.\n\n## Onze providers\n\n###\n\nVraag een offerte aan en upload het in de o2o-tool. Zodra er een contract is\nafgesloten tussen de partijen zal o2o ons het aankooporder bezorgen en\nplaatsen we je bestelling.\n\n###\n\nVraag een offerte aan en upload het in de Cyclis Bike Lease-tool. Zodra er een\ncontract is afgesloten tussen de partijen zal Cyclis Bike Lease ons het\naankooporder bezorgen en plaatsen we je bestelling.\n\n###\n\nAls je ge\u00c3\u00afnteresseerd bent in het leasen van een Cowboy bij Joule, kan je via\nhun website bestellen.\n\n###\n\nAls je werkgever is aangesloten bij Lease a Bike, kan je bestellen door ons\nleaseformulier in te vullen. Wij zetten je contract in gang op het Lease a\nBike-portaal en verwerken je bestelling.\n\n###\n\nRequest your Cowboy quote and share it with VDW. After an agreement is\ncompleted between all parties, VDW will provide the purchase order and we'll\nplace your order.\n\n###\n\nAls je werkgever is aangesloten bij Ubike, kan je bestellen door ons\nleaseformulier in te vullen. Wij zetten je contract in gang op het Ubike-\nportaal en verwerken je bestelling.\n\n## Een optie voor elke fietser\n\nWe werken samen met meerdere leasingsproviders en -types. Er zijn\nverschillende vormen mogelijk. Als onderdeel van je brutomaandloon, je bruto\neindejaarspremie of je brutobonus. Sommige bedrijven werken met een\ncafetariaplan op basis waarvan het leasingcontract afgesloten wordt.\n\nNa de leasingperiode kan je meestal je fiets gratis inwisselen of overnemen\ntegen een vastgelegde restwaarde.\n\nLees onze FAQ voor meer informatie en ga zeker ook na of je werkgever een\ncontract afgesloten heeft met een van de boven providers.\n\n## FAQ\n\n## Ontdek\n\n * [ Classic ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic)\n * [ Cruiser ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser)\n * [ Cruiser ST ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st)\n * [ Cross ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross)\n * [ Cross ST ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st)\n * [ Circular ](/nl-be/collections/circular)\n * [ Accessoires & onderdelen ](/nl-be/collections/accessories)\n * [ Boek een testrit ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride)\n\n## Services\n\n * [ Care ](/nl-be/products/cowboy-care)\n * [ Diefstalverzekering ](/nl-be/products/theft-insurance)\n * [ Betalingsmethoden ](/nl-be/pages/payment-methods)\n * [ Leasing ](/nl-be/pages/lease-a-cowboy)\n * [ Garantie ](/nl-be/products/warranty)\n * [ Business ](/nl-be/pages/business)\n * [ Studenten ](/nl-be/pages/student-program)\n\n## Over ons\n\n * [ Reviews ](/nl-be/blogs/reviews)\n * [ Pers ](/nl-be/blogs/press)\n * [ Blog ](/nl-be/blogs/stories)\n * [ Winkels ](/nl-be/pages/stores)\n * [ Vacatures ](/nl-be/pages/careers)\n * [ Affiliate-programma ](/nl-be/pages/affiliate)\n\n## Help\n\n * [ Contact ](/nl-be/pages/contact-us)\n * [ FAQ ](https://help.cowboy.com)\n * [ Levering ](/nl-be/pages/delivery)\n * [ Retourneren ](/nl-be/pages/returns)\n\n## Geen nieuwsbrief zoals alle anderen\n\n * [ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/CowboyHQ/)\n * [ YouTube ](https://www.youtube.com/c/COWBOYBikes/featured)\n\n[ ](/nl-be/)\n\n[ B Corp ](/nl-be/pages/b-corp)\n\n* * *\n\n * [ Terms of use ](/nl-be/pages/terms-of-use)\n * [ Data protection policy ](/nl-be/pages/privacy-policy)\n * \u00c2\u00a9 2025 Cowboy \n\n",
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n[ **Service\u00c2 ?** D\u00c3\u00a9sormais dans plus de 200 magasins \nou chez vous. _En savoir plus_ ](/fr-be/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ Quel Cowboy vous convient le mieux\u00c2 ? \nCommencez le quiz ](/fr-be/pages/which-cowboy-is-right-for-you)\n\n## Votre panier\n\nIl n'y a rien par ici, mais [ il y a des test rides par-l\u00c3 ](/fr-\nbe/pages/test-ride/) .\n\n[ Ajouter un v\u00c3\u00a9lo ](/cart) [ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez les accessoires\n](/collections/accessories)\n\n## Votre panier\n\nIl n'y a rien par ici, mais [ il y a des test rides par-l\u00c3 ](/fr-\nbe/pages/test-ride/) .\n\n[ Ajouter un v\u00c3\u00a9lo ](/cart) [ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez les accessoires\n](/collections/accessories)\n\n# Leasing pour les employ\u00c3\u00a9s Louez un Cowboy\n\nNous nous associons aux meilleurs fournisseurs de leasing pour vous offrir la\nflexibilit\u00c3\u00a9 dont vous avez besoin. Avec des options sans souci \u00c3 partir de\n49\u00e2\u0080\u0089\u00e2\u0082\u00ac par mois, vous pouvez rouler avec votre Cowboy jusqu'\u00c3 votre lieu de\ntravail.\n\n## Processus de leasing\n\nUne bonne premi\u00c3\u00a8re \u00c3\u00a9tape consiste \u00c3 v\u00c3\u00a9rifier si votre employeur propose un\nleasing de v\u00c3\u00a9los avec l'un de nos fournisseurs partenaires. Si c'est le cas,\net que vous avez d\u00c3\u00a9j\u00c3 \u00c3\u00a9t\u00c3\u00a9 approuv\u00c3\u00a9 par votre employeur pour commencer une\nlocation de v\u00c3\u00a9lo, vous pouvez commencer votre processus de location sur cette\npage.\n\n## Nos fournisseurs\n\n###\n\nDemandez une offre et chargez-le dans l'outil o2o. Une fois l'accord conclu\nentre les parties, o2o partagera avec nous le bon de commande, et nous\npasserons commande pour vous.\n\n###\n\nDemandez une offre et chargez-le dans l'outil Cyclis Bike Lease. Une fois\nl'accord conclu entre les parties, Cyclis Bike Lease partagera avec nous le\nbon de commande, et nous passerons commande pour vous.\n\n###\n\nJoule traite les demandes de location via sa propre plateforme. Contactez\nJoule pour traiter votre demande de location de Cowboy.\n\n###\n\nSi votre employeur est membre de Lease a Bike, vous pouvez passer commande en\nremplissant notre formulaire. Nous activerons votre contrat sur la plateforme\nLease a Bike et nous traiterons votre commande.\n\n###\n\nRequest your Cowboy quote and share it with VDW. After an agreement is\ncompleted between all parties, VDW will provide the purchase order and we'll\nplace your order.\n\n###\n\nSi votre employeur est membre de Ubike, vous pouvez passer commande en\nremplissant notre formulaire. Nous activerons votre contrat sur la plateforme\nUbike et nous traiterons votre commande.\n\n## \u00c3\u0080 chaque rider son option\n\nNous collaborons avec divers fournisseurs et types de leasing, sous\ndiff\u00c3\u00a9rentes formes. Retenue sur salaire brut, sur votre prime brute de fin\nd'ann\u00c3\u00a9e ou sur votre prime brute. Certaines entreprises fonctionnent avec un\n\u00c2\u00ab plan cafeteria \u00c2\u00bb comme base du leasing.\n\nAu terme de la p\u00c3\u00a9riode de leasing, vous pouvez g\u00c3\u00a9n\u00c3\u00a9ralement \u00c3\u00a9changer ou\nreprendre votre v\u00c3\u00a9lo pour un montant r\u00c3\u00a9siduel pr\u00c3\u00a9d\u00c3\u00a9termin\u00c3\u00a9, sans frais.\n\nConsultez nos questions fr\u00c3\u00a9quentes pour en savoir plus et v\u00c3\u00a9rifiez si votre\nemployeur a un accord avec l'un des fournisseurs ci-dessus.\n\n## FAQ\n\n## Explorez\n\n * [ Classic ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic)\n * [ Cruiser ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser)\n * [ Cruiser ST ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st)\n * [ Cross ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross)\n * [ Cross ST ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st)\n * [ Circular ](/fr-be/collections/circular)\n * [ Accessoires & pi\u00c3\u00a8ces ](/fr-be/collections/accessories)\n * [ R\u00c3\u00a9servez un essai ](/fr-be/pages/test-ride)\n\n## Services\n\n * [ Care ](/fr-be/products/cowboy-care)\n * [ Assurance vol ](/fr-be/products/theft-insurance)\n * [ M\u00c3\u00a9thodes de paiement ](/fr-be/pages/payment-methods)\n * [ Leasing ](/fr-be/pages/lease-a-cowboy)\n * [ Garantie ](/fr-be/products/warranty)\n * [ Business ](/fr-be/pages/business)\n * [ \u00c3\u0089tudiants ](/fr-be/pages/student-program)\n\n## \u00c3\u0080 propos\n\n * [ Avis ](/fr-be/blogs/reviews)\n * [ Presse ](/fr-be/blogs/press)\n * [ Blog ](/fr-be/blogs/stories)\n * [ Magasins ](/fr-be/pages/stores)\n * [ Carri\u00c3\u00a8res ](/fr-be/pages/careers)\n * [ Programme d'affiliation ](/fr-be/pages/affiliate)\n\n## Aide\n\n * [ Contact ](/fr-be/pages/contact-us)\n * [ FAQ ](https://help.cowboy.com)\n * [ Livraisons ](/fr-be/pages/delivery)\n * [ Retours ](/fr-be/pages/returns)\n\n## Une newsletter pas comme les autres\n\n * [ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/CowboyHQ/)\n * [ YouTube ](https://www.youtube.com/c/COWBOYBikes/featured)\n\n[ ](/fr-be/)\n\n[ B Corp ](/fr-be/pages/b-corp)\n\n* * *\n\n * [ Terms of use ](/fr-be/pages/terms-of-use)\n * [ Data protection policy ](/fr-be/pages/privacy-policy)\n * \u00c2\u00a9 2025 Cowboy \n\n",
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n[ **Service?** Nu bij 200+ winkels \nof gewoon bij jou thuis. _Meer info_ ](/nl-be/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ Welke Cowboy is geschikt voor jou? \nDoe de quiz ](/nl-be/pages/which-cowboy-is-right-for-you)\n\n## Je winkelwagentje\n\nNiks te zien hier, maar [ een testride is dichtbij ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride/)\n.\n\n[ Fiets toevoegen ](/cart) [ Shop accessoires ](/collections/accessories)\n\n## Je winkelwagentje\n\nNiks te zien hier, maar [ een testride is dichtbij ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride/)\n.\n\n[ Fiets toevoegen ](/cart) [ Shop accessoires ](/collections/accessories)\n\n# Bedrijven & zelfstandigen Cowboy leasen\n\nWil je je werknemers het voordeel bieden van woon-werkverkeer op een Cowboy-\nfiets? Of ben je zelfstandig ondernemer en op zoek naar de perfecte fiets voor\nje werk of woon-werkverkeer? Wij helpen je bij het opzetten van jouw\npersoonlijke Cowboy leaseplan. \n\n## Beter woon-werkverkeer\n\nEen Cowboy e-bike is een van de milieuvriendelijkste manieren om je te\nverplaatsen. Het is ook aangetoond dat je er twee keer zo snel mee bent als\nmet een auto in een drukke stad. Het is ook nog eens ontzettend leuk en een\ngoede oefening. En dankzij leaseprogramma's is hij toegankelijker dan ooit.\n\n## Voordelen van leasen voor zelfstandigen\n\n**Oplossing zonder zorgen**\n\n Operationele lease is inclusief verzekering, onderhoud en pechhulp. \n**Belastingvoordeel**\n\n Het maandelijkse leasebedrag geldt als zakelijke uitgave, waardoor het 100% aftrekbaar is in je vennootschapsbelasting. \n**Cashflow**\n\n Met leasen vanaf slechts \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 99 netto/maand verminder je de impact op je cashflow, zodat je andere belangrijke investeringen in je bedrijf kunt doen. \n**Duurzame keuze**\n\n Kies voor een oplossing die je welzijn verbetert en tegelijkertijd milieuduurzaamheid ondersteunt. \n\n## Voordelen voor teams voor een werkgever\n\n**Zeer gewild voordeel**\n\n Een e-bike is een van de meest gewilde secundaire arbeidsvoorwaarden onder werknemers. \n**Kosteneffectief**\n\n Als werkgever kun je fiets leasen budgetneutraal aanbieden door gebruik te maken van de inruil van een deel van een salaris, eindejaarsuitkering of door gebruik te maken van het mobiliteitsbudget. Voor de werknemer is dit een zeer fiscaal voordelige optie, die geld bespaart in vergelijking met een priv\u00c3\u00a9aankoop, met kosten vanaf slechts \u00e2\u0082\u00ac45 netto/maand. \n**Gezondere, gelukkigere werknemers**\n\n Bevorder gezonder en gelukkiger personeel met een duurzame vervoersoptie. \n\n## Plan een gesprek: Ontdek de mogelijkheden voor jouw team\n\nOntdek hoe Cowboy e-bikes jouw werkplek kunnen transformeren, de tevredenheid\nvan jouw medewerkers kunnen verhogen en het pad kunnen effenen naar duurzame\nmobiliteit.\n\nOf je nu een bedrijfsvloot wilt samenstellen of lease-opties voor je\nmedewerkers wilt verkennen, ons B2B-team staat klaar om je te helpen. Plan een\nkort gesprek van 15 minuten en ontdek wat er mogelijk is.\n\n## Zo werkt het\n\nVier eenvoudige stappen om je op weg te helpen.\n\n**Vul je bedrijfsgegevens in via het formulier**\n\n Vul onderstaand formulier in met je bedrijfsgegevens. Je ontvangt binnen een dag per e-mail meer informatie van onze leasepartner. \n**Toegang tot het digitale platform**\n\n Zodra je bedrijf is goedgekeurd en je klaar bent om je leaseplan op te zetten, krijg je toegang tot het digitale platform waar je jezelf of je team kunt registreren en voorwaarden kunt stellen aan het leasecontract/de leasecontracten. \n**Rijd met je fiets naar je werk**\n\n De door jou gekozen leasefiets(en) worden afgeleverd op het adres dat jij of je team verkiest. \n**Administratie**\n\n Het digitale platform van onze partner consolideert alles wat je nodig hebt en biedt een naadloos overzicht van alle salarisinformatie op \u00c3\u00a9\u00c3\u00a9n handige plek. \n\n## Vertel ons meer\n\nVul het formulier in met je gegevens en een lid van ons team zal contact met\nje opnemen om je behoeften te bespreken en een offerte op maat op te stellen.\n\n## Ontdek\n\n * [ Classic ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic)\n * [ Cruiser ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser)\n * [ Cruiser ST ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st)\n * [ Cross ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross)\n * [ Cross ST ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st)\n * [ Circular ](/nl-be/collections/circular)\n * [ Accessoires & onderdelen ](/nl-be/collections/accessories)\n * [ Boek een testrit ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride)\n\n## Services\n\n * [ Care ](/nl-be/products/cowboy-care)\n * [ Diefstalverzekering ](/nl-be/products/theft-insurance)\n * [ Betalingsmethoden ](/nl-be/pages/payment-methods)\n * [ Leasing ](/nl-be/pages/lease-a-cowboy)\n * [ Garantie ](/nl-be/products/warranty)\n * [ Business ](/nl-be/pages/business)\n * [ Studenten ](/nl-be/pages/student-program)\n\n## Over ons\n\n * [ Reviews ](/nl-be/blogs/reviews)\n * [ Pers ](/nl-be/blogs/press)\n * [ Blog ](/nl-be/blogs/stories)\n * [ Winkels ](/nl-be/pages/stores)\n * [ Vacatures ](/nl-be/pages/careers)\n * [ Affiliate-programma ](/nl-be/pages/affiliate)\n\n## Help\n\n * [ Contact ](/nl-be/pages/contact-us)\n * [ FAQ ](https://help.cowboy.com)\n * [ Levering ](/nl-be/pages/delivery)\n * [ Retourneren ](/nl-be/pages/returns)\n\n## Geen nieuwsbrief zoals alle anderen\n\n * [ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/CowboyHQ/)\n * [ YouTube ](https://www.youtube.com/c/COWBOYBikes/featured)\n\n[ ](/nl-be/)\n\n[ B Corp ](/nl-be/pages/b-corp)\n\n* * *\n\n * [ Terms of use ](/nl-be/pages/terms-of-use)\n * [ Data protection policy ](/nl-be/pages/privacy-policy)\n * \u00c2\u00a9 2025 Cowboy \n\n",
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n[ **Service\u00c2 ?** D\u00c3\u00a9sormais dans plus de 200 magasins \nou chez vous. _En savoir plus_ ](/fr-be/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ Quel Cowboy vous convient le mieux\u00c2 ? \nCommencez le quiz ](/fr-be/pages/which-cowboy-is-right-for-you)\n\n## Votre panier\n\nIl n'y a rien par ici, mais [ il y a des test rides par-l\u00c3 ](/fr-\nbe/pages/test-ride/) .\n\n[ Ajouter un v\u00c3\u00a9lo ](/cart) [ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez les accessoires\n](/collections/accessories)\n\n## Votre panier\n\nIl n'y a rien par ici, mais [ il y a des test rides par-l\u00c3 ](/fr-\nbe/pages/test-ride/) .\n\n[ Ajouter un v\u00c3\u00a9lo ](/cart) [ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez les accessoires\n](/collections/accessories)\n\n# Roulez en toute s\u00c3\u00a9r\u00c3\u00a9nit\u00c3\u00a9 Garantie Cowboy\n\nRoulez en toute s\u00c3\u00a9r\u00c3\u00a9nit\u00c3\u00a9 d\u00c3\u00a8s vos premiers coups de p\u00c3\u00a9dales gr\u00c3\u00a2ce \u00c3 la\ngarantie de 2 ans prot\u00c3\u00a9geant votre v\u00c3\u00a9lo \u00c2 \u00e2\u0080\u0094\u00c2 avec possibilit\u00c3\u00a9 d'extension\nde la garantie pour une ann\u00c3\u00a9e suppl\u00c3\u00a9mentaire.\n\nPour plus de d\u00c3\u00a9tails, voir les [ conditions ](/fr-be/pages/terms-of-\nuse#warranty) .\n\n 1. **Garantie contre les d\u00c3\u00a9fauts de fabrication et de mat\u00c3\u00a9riaux**\n 2. **Pi\u00c3\u00a8ces de rechange pour les r\u00c3\u00a9parations n\u00c3\u00a9cessaires**\n 3. **Intervention d'un expert Cowboy pour des r\u00c3\u00a9parations m\u00c3\u00a9caniques ou \u00c3\u00a9lectroniques**\n\n### Tranquillit\u00c3\u00a9 d'esprit\n\nRoulez en toute confiance en sachant que les performances de votre v\u00c3\u00a9lo sont\nprot\u00c3\u00a9g\u00c3\u00a9es contre les probl\u00c3\u00a8mes m\u00c3\u00a9caniques ou \u00c3\u00a9lectroniques inattendus.\n\n### Des sp\u00c3\u00a9cialistes form\u00c3\u00a9s\n\nFaites confiance \u00c3 des experts qui connaissent parfaitement votre v\u00c3\u00a9lo Cowboy\net qui s'assurent qu'il reste en parfait \u00c3\u00a9tat gr\u00c3\u00a2ce \u00c3 notre service unique\napprouv\u00c3\u00a9 par Cowboy.\n\n### Dur\u00c3\u00a9e de vie plus longue\n\nInvestissez dans la long\u00c3\u00a9vit\u00c3\u00a9 de votre v\u00c3\u00a9lo, en garantissant ses\nperformances et sa valeur pour les ann\u00c3\u00a9es \u00c3 venir.\n\n## FAQ\n\n## Explorez\n\n * [ Classic ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic)\n * [ Cruiser ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser)\n * [ Cruiser ST ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st)\n * [ Cross ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross)\n * [ Cross ST ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st)\n * [ Circular ](/fr-be/collections/circular)\n * [ Accessoires & pi\u00c3\u00a8ces ](/fr-be/collections/accessories)\n * [ R\u00c3\u00a9servez un essai ](/fr-be/pages/test-ride)\n\n## Services\n\n * [ Care ](/fr-be/products/cowboy-care)\n * [ Assurance vol ](/fr-be/products/theft-insurance)\n * [ M\u00c3\u00a9thodes de paiement ](/fr-be/pages/payment-methods)\n * [ Leasing ](/fr-be/pages/lease-a-cowboy)\n * [ Garantie ](/fr-be/products/warranty)\n * [ Business ](/fr-be/pages/business)\n * [ \u00c3\u0089tudiants ](/fr-be/pages/student-program)\n\n## \u00c3\u0080 propos\n\n * [ Avis ](/fr-be/blogs/reviews)\n * [ Presse ](/fr-be/blogs/press)\n * [ Blog ](/fr-be/blogs/stories)\n * [ Magasins ](/fr-be/pages/stores)\n * [ Carri\u00c3\u00a8res ](/fr-be/pages/careers)\n * [ Programme d'affiliation ](/fr-be/pages/affiliate)\n\n## Aide\n\n * [ Contact ](/fr-be/pages/contact-us)\n * [ FAQ ](https://help.cowboy.com)\n * [ Livraisons ](/fr-be/pages/delivery)\n * [ Retours ](/fr-be/pages/returns)\n\n## Une newsletter pas comme les autres\n\n * [ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/CowboyHQ/)\n * [ YouTube ](https://www.youtube.com/c/COWBOYBikes/featured)\n\n[ ](/fr-be/)\n\n[ B Corp ](/fr-be/pages/b-corp)\n\n* * *\n\n * [ Terms of use ](/fr-be/pages/terms-of-use)\n * [ Data protection policy ](/fr-be/pages/privacy-policy)\n * \u00c2\u00a9 2025 Cowboy \n\n",
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n[ **Service?** Nu bij 200+ winkels \nof gewoon bij jou thuis. _Meer info_ ](/nl-be/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ Welke Cowboy is geschikt voor jou? \nDoe de quiz ](/nl-be/pages/which-cowboy-is-right-for-you)\n\n## Je winkelwagentje\n\nNiks te zien hier, maar [ een testride is dichtbij ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride/)\n.\n\n[ Fiets toevoegen ](/cart) [ Shop accessoires ](/collections/accessories)\n\n## Je winkelwagentje\n\nNiks te zien hier, maar [ een testride is dichtbij ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride/)\n.\n\n[ Fiets toevoegen ](/cart) [ Shop accessoires ](/collections/accessories)\n\n# Rijd met een gerust hart Garantie cowboy\n\nRijd vanaf het begin met een gerust hart, omdat je weet dat je Cowboy-fiets\nwordt beschermd door een garantie van 2 jaar \u00c2 \u00e2\u0080\u0094\u00c2 met de optie om het met\neen jaar te verlengen.\n\nZie de [ voorwaarden ](/nl-be/pages/terms-of-use#warranty) voor meer\ninformatie.\n\n 1. **Garantie tegen fabricage- en materiaalfouten**\n 2. **Reserveonderdelen voor noodzakelijke reparaties**\n 3. **Mechanische of elektronische reparaties uitgevoerd door een Cowboy-expert**\n\n### Gemoedsrust\n\nRij zorgeloos wetend dat de prestaties van je motor beschermd zijn tegen\nonverwachte mechanische of elektronische problemen.\n\n### Opgeleide specialisten\n\nVertrouw op experts die je Cowboy-fiets door en door kennen, zodat hij in\nperfecte staat blijft met onze unieke, door Cowboys goedgekeurde service.\n\n### Langere levensduur\n\nInvesteer in de levensduur van je fiets en stel de prestaties en waarde voor\nde komende jaren veilig.\n\n## FAQ\n\n## Ontdek\n\n * [ Classic ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic)\n * [ Cruiser ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser)\n * [ Cruiser ST ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st)\n * [ Cross ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross)\n * [ Cross ST ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st)\n * [ Circular ](/nl-be/collections/circular)\n * [ Accessoires & onderdelen ](/nl-be/collections/accessories)\n * [ Boek een testrit ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride)\n\n## Services\n\n * [ Care ](/nl-be/products/cowboy-care)\n * [ Diefstalverzekering ](/nl-be/products/theft-insurance)\n * [ Betalingsmethoden ](/nl-be/pages/payment-methods)\n * [ Leasing ](/nl-be/pages/lease-a-cowboy)\n * [ Garantie ](/nl-be/products/warranty)\n * [ Business ](/nl-be/pages/business)\n * [ Studenten ](/nl-be/pages/student-program)\n\n## Over ons\n\n * [ Reviews ](/nl-be/blogs/reviews)\n * [ Pers ](/nl-be/blogs/press)\n * [ Blog ](/nl-be/blogs/stories)\n * [ Winkels ](/nl-be/pages/stores)\n * [ Vacatures ](/nl-be/pages/careers)\n * [ Affiliate-programma ](/nl-be/pages/affiliate)\n\n## Help\n\n * [ Contact ](/nl-be/pages/contact-us)\n * [ FAQ ](https://help.cowboy.com)\n * [ Levering ](/nl-be/pages/delivery)\n * [ Retourneren ](/nl-be/pages/returns)\n\n## Geen nieuwsbrief zoals alle anderen\n\n * [ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/CowboyHQ/)\n * [ YouTube ](https://www.youtube.com/c/COWBOYBikes/featured)\n\n[ ](/nl-be/)\n\n[ B Corp ](/nl-be/pages/b-corp)\n\n* * *\n\n * [ Terms of use ](/nl-be/pages/terms-of-use)\n * [ Data protection policy ](/nl-be/pages/privacy-policy)\n * \u00c2\u00a9 2025 Cowboy \n\n",
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n[ **Service?** Nu bij 200+ winkels \nof gewoon bij jou thuis. _Meer info_ ](/nl-be/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ Welke Cowboy is geschikt voor jou? \nDoe de quiz ](/nl-be/pages/which-cowboy-is-right-for-you)\n\n## Je winkelwagentje\n\nNiks te zien hier, maar [ een testride is dichtbij ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride/)\n.\n\n[ Fiets toevoegen ](/cart) [ Shop accessoires ](/collections/accessories)\n\n## Je winkelwagentje\n\nNiks te zien hier, maar [ een testride is dichtbij ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride/)\n.\n\n[ Fiets toevoegen ](/cart) [ Shop accessoires ](/collections/accessories)\n\n# Testrit\n\nBoek een gratis testrit en voel de sensatie van een Cowboy bike - waar stijl,\nkracht en connectiviteit samenkomen. \n\n## Kies een model\n\n### [ Weet je niet zeker welke fiets geschikt is voor jou? Vergelijk alle\nfietsmodellen ](/nl-be/pages/compare-cowboy-bikes)\n\n## Kies een locatie\n\nWe ontmoeten je waar je maar wilt - thuis, op kantoor of waar dan ook. Een\nCowboy-expert brengt het door jou gekozen model mee, beantwoordt al je vragen\nen begeleidt je. En ja, het is gratis.\n\n## Boek een gratis testrit\n\n### Een gepersonaliseerde ervaring\n\nGeniet van het rijden op je eigen Cowboy bike in je eigen tempo, in een\ncomfortabele en bekende omgeving. Jij kiest de plaats en het tijdstip, wij\nregelen de rest voor je. Gratis.\n\n### Een diepgaande rondleiding\n\nJe kiest je model en onze experts begeleiden je door alles wat je moet weten\nover je volgende fiets. Ze beantwoorden al je vragen voordat je opstapt en van\nde rit geniet.\n\n### Jij hebt de controle\n\nMaak een testrit op de fiets, zonder druk of verplichtingen. Het is jouw\nbeslissing - ontdek elk detail, geniet van de ervaring en neem de beslissing\nwanneer je er klaar voor bent.\n\nTwijfel je nog? Hier zijn enkele veelgestelde vragen over de testrit en hoe\nhet werkt.\n\n## FAQ\n\n## Ontdek\n\n * [ Classic ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic)\n * [ Cruiser ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser)\n * [ Cruiser ST ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st)\n * [ Cross ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross)\n * [ Cross ST ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st)\n * [ Circular ](/nl-be/collections/circular)\n * [ Accessoires & onderdelen ](/nl-be/collections/accessories)\n * [ Boek een testrit ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride)\n\n## Services\n\n * [ Care ](/nl-be/products/cowboy-care)\n * [ Diefstalverzekering ](/nl-be/products/theft-insurance)\n * [ Betalingsmethoden ](/nl-be/pages/payment-methods)\n * [ Leasing ](/nl-be/pages/lease-a-cowboy)\n * [ Garantie ](/nl-be/products/warranty)\n * [ Business ](/nl-be/pages/business)\n * [ Studenten ](/nl-be/pages/student-program)\n\n## Over ons\n\n * [ Reviews ](/nl-be/blogs/reviews)\n * [ Pers ](/nl-be/blogs/press)\n * [ Blog ](/nl-be/blogs/stories)\n * [ Winkels ](/nl-be/pages/stores)\n * [ Vacatures ](/nl-be/pages/careers)\n * [ Affiliate-programma ](/nl-be/pages/affiliate)\n\n## Help\n\n * [ Contact ](/nl-be/pages/contact-us)\n * [ FAQ ](https://help.cowboy.com)\n * [ Levering ](/nl-be/pages/delivery)\n * [ Retourneren ](/nl-be/pages/returns)\n\n## Geen nieuwsbrief zoals alle anderen\n\n * [ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/CowboyHQ/)\n * [ YouTube ](https://www.youtube.com/c/COWBOYBikes/featured)\n\n[ ](/nl-be/)\n\n[ B Corp ](/nl-be/pages/b-corp)\n\n* * *\n\n * [ Terms of use ](/nl-be/pages/terms-of-use)\n * [ Data protection policy ](/nl-be/pages/privacy-policy)\n * \u00c2\u00a9 2025 Cowboy \n\n",
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n[ **Service\u00c2 ?** D\u00c3\u00a9sormais dans plus de 200 magasins \nou chez vous. _En savoir plus_ ](/fr-be/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ Quel Cowboy vous convient le mieux\u00c2 ? \nCommencez le quiz ](/fr-be/pages/which-cowboy-is-right-for-you)\n\n## Votre panier\n\nIl n'y a rien par ici, mais [ il y a des test rides par-l\u00c3 ](/fr-\nbe/pages/test-ride/) .\n\n[ Ajouter un v\u00c3\u00a9lo ](/cart) [ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez les accessoires\n](/collections/accessories)\n\n## Votre panier\n\nIl n'y a rien par ici, mais [ il y a des test rides par-l\u00c3 ](/fr-\nbe/pages/test-ride/) .\n\n[ Ajouter un v\u00c3\u00a9lo ](/cart) [ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez les accessoires\n](/collections/accessories)\n\n# Essai\n\nR\u00c3\u00a9servez un essai gratuit et d\u00c3\u00a9couvrez le plaisir de rouler sur un v\u00c3\u00a9lo\nCowboy : un m\u00c3\u00a9lange unique de style, de puissance et de connectivit\u00c3\u00a9.\n\n## Choisissez un mod\u00c3\u00a8le\n\n### [ Vous ne savez pas quel mod\u00c3\u00a8le vous convient le mieux\u00c2 ? Comparez tous\nnos mod\u00c3\u00a8les ](/fr-be/pages/compare-cowboy-bikes)\n\n## Choisissez votre lieu d'essai\n\nNous vous rencontrons o\u00c3\u00b9 vous le souhaitez : \u00c3 la maison, au bureau ou\nailleurs. Un expert Cowboy apportera le mod\u00c3\u00a8le choisi, r\u00c3\u00a9pondra \u00c3 toutes vos\nquestions et vous guidera. Et oui, c'est gratuit.\n\n## R\u00c3\u00a9servez un essai gratuit\n\n### Une exp\u00c3\u00a9rience sur-mesure\n\nPrenez plaisir \u00c3 rouler sur le v\u00c3\u00a9lo Cowboy de votre choix, pr\u00c3\u00a8s de chez\nvous. Choisissez le lieu et l'heure, on s'occupe du reste. Et bien sur, ce\nservice est gratuit\n\n### Passage en revue du v\u00c3\u00a9lo\n\nChoisissez votre mod\u00c3\u00a8le, et notre expert vous guidera sur tout ce que vous\ndevez savoir. Il r\u00c3\u00a9pondra \u00c3 vos questions avant que vous ne montiez en selle\npour profiter de la balade.\n\n### Vous avez le contr\u00c3\u00b4le\n\nFaites un essai du v\u00c3\u00a9lo, sans pression, sans engagement. C'est votre\nd\u00c3\u00a9cision - explorez chaque d\u00c3\u00a9tail, profitez de l'exp\u00c3\u00a9rience et prenez le\ntemps pour d\u00c3\u00a9cider quand vous serez pr\u00c3\u00aat.\n\nVous h\u00c3\u00a9sitez encore\u00c2 ? Voici quelques questions fr\u00c3\u00a9quemment pos\u00c3\u00a9es sur le\nservice d'essai et son fonctionnement.\n\n## FAQ\n\n## Explorez\n\n * [ Classic ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic)\n * [ Cruiser ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser)\n * [ Cruiser ST ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st)\n * [ Cross ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross)\n * [ Cross ST ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st)\n * [ Circular ](/fr-be/collections/circular)\n * [ Accessoires & pi\u00c3\u00a8ces ](/fr-be/collections/accessories)\n * [ R\u00c3\u00a9servez un essai ](/fr-be/pages/test-ride)\n\n## Services\n\n * [ Care ](/fr-be/products/cowboy-care)\n * [ Assurance vol ](/fr-be/products/theft-insurance)\n * [ M\u00c3\u00a9thodes de paiement ](/fr-be/pages/payment-methods)\n * [ Leasing ](/fr-be/pages/lease-a-cowboy)\n * [ Garantie ](/fr-be/products/warranty)\n * [ Business ](/fr-be/pages/business)\n * [ \u00c3\u0089tudiants ](/fr-be/pages/student-program)\n\n## \u00c3\u0080 propos\n\n * [ Avis ](/fr-be/blogs/reviews)\n * [ Presse ](/fr-be/blogs/press)\n * [ Blog ](/fr-be/blogs/stories)\n * [ Magasins ](/fr-be/pages/stores)\n * [ Carri\u00c3\u00a8res ](/fr-be/pages/careers)\n * [ Programme d'affiliation ](/fr-be/pages/affiliate)\n\n## Aide\n\n * [ Contact ](/fr-be/pages/contact-us)\n * [ FAQ ](https://help.cowboy.com)\n * [ Livraisons ](/fr-be/pages/delivery)\n * [ Retours ](/fr-be/pages/returns)\n\n## Une newsletter pas comme les autres\n\n * [ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/CowboyHQ/)\n * [ YouTube ](https://www.youtube.com/c/COWBOYBikes/featured)\n\n[ ](/fr-be/)\n\n[ B Corp ](/fr-be/pages/b-corp)\n\n* * *\n\n * [ Terms of use ](/fr-be/pages/terms-of-use)\n * [ Data protection policy ](/fr-be/pages/privacy-policy)\n * \u00c2\u00a9 2025 Cowboy \n\n",
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n[ **Service\u00c2 ?** D\u00c3\u00a9sormais dans plus de 200 magasins \nou chez vous. _En savoir plus_ ](/fr-be/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ Quel Cowboy vous convient le mieux\u00c2 ? \nCommencez le quiz ](/fr-be/pages/which-cowboy-is-right-for-you)\n\n## Votre panier\n\nIl n'y a rien par ici, mais [ il y a des test rides par-l\u00c3 ](/fr-\nbe/pages/test-ride/) .\n\n[ Ajouter un v\u00c3\u00a9lo ](/cart) [ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez les accessoires\n](/collections/accessories)\n\n## Votre panier\n\nIl n'y a rien par ici, mais [ il y a des test rides par-l\u00c3 ](/fr-\nbe/pages/test-ride/) .\n\n[ Ajouter un v\u00c3\u00a9lo ](/cart) [ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez les accessoires\n](/collections/accessories)\n\n# Cross\u00c2 ST Toutes les routes s'ouvrent \u00c3 vous\n\n\u00c3\u0080 partir de 3\u00e2\u0080\u00af999\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\n\n[ Commandez \u00c3 partir de 3\u00e2\u0080\u00af999\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Commandez maintenant ](/fr-\nbe/cart?model=cross-st) [ R\u00c3\u00a9servez un essai Essais ](/fr-be/pages/test-\nride?model=cross-st#type)\n\nCross\u00c2 ST \u00c3 partir de 3\u00e2\u0080\u00af999\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\n\n## La ville n'a plus de limite D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez le v\u00c3\u00a9lo \u00c3\u00a9lectrique urbain qui\nvous emm\u00c3\u00a8ne au-del\u00c3 des fronti\u00c3\u00a8res de la ville. Avec sa suspension, ses\npneus \u00c3\u00a9pais personnalis\u00c3\u00a9s et sa nouvelle batterie puissante, le Cross\u00c2 ST a\nsoif d'aventure.\n\n[ Commandez le Cross\u00c2 ST ](/fr-be/cart?model=cross-st) [ R\u00c3\u00a9servez un essai\ngratuit ](/fr-be/pages/test-ride?model=cross-st#type)\n\n[ **Plus de 200 points de service** Des r\u00c3\u00a9parations expertes \u00c3 proximit\u00c3\u00a9. Ou\ndirectement \u00c3 votre porte. ](/fr-be/pages/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ **D\u00c3\u00a9tection de vol de pointe** Gardez l'avantage avec le suivi GPS et les\nalertes de vol. ](/fr-be/products/connect)\n\n[ **Garantie de 2 ans** Prot\u00c3\u00a9g\u00c3\u00a9 l\u00c3 o\u00c3\u00b9 \u00c3\u00a7a compte. L'esprit tranquille\ngaranti. ](/fr-be/products/warranty)\n\n[ **Paiement en plusieurs fois** Payez en 3 fois sans frais ou louez un\nCowboy. ](/fr-be/pages/payment-methods)\n\n## Avantages de Cross\u00c2 ST\n\nPosition droite\n\nAdaptivePower\u00e2\u0084\u00a2 sur mesure\n\nSuspension avant et selle\n\nPneus \u00c3\u00a9pais 60 mm\n\nNouveau porte-bagages arri\u00c3\u00a8re\n\n60 \u00c3 120 km d'autonomie\n\n## Trajet connect\u00c3\u00a9\n\nGr\u00c3\u00a2ce \u00c3 ses puissantes fonctionnalit\u00c3\u00a9s embarqu\u00c3\u00a9es, profitez de trajets plus\nconfortables, plus s\u00c3\u00bbrs et plus fun.\n\n## Am\u00c3\u00a9liorez votre trajet\n\nFaites passer vos trajets \u00c3 la vitesse sup\u00c3\u00a9rieure gr\u00c3\u00a2ce \u00c3 interactifs\npassionnants. Mesurez-vous avec des d\u00c3\u00a9fis de taille qui deviennent de plus en\nplus difficiles \u00c3 mesure que vous progressez dans les niveaux.\n\n## Ridez en s\u00c3\u00a9curit\u00c3\u00a9\n\nL'application inclut \u00c3\u00a9galement des fonctionnalit\u00c3\u00a9s de pointe, comme la\nd\u00c3\u00a9tection des collisions et les alertes pr\u00c3\u00a9dictives \u00c3 l'approche de dangers\net pour la mauvaise qualit\u00c3\u00a9 de l'air. Une prouesse r\u00c3\u00a9alis\u00c3\u00a9e gr\u00c3\u00a2ce \u00c3 nos\ndonn\u00c3\u00a9es agr\u00c3\u00a9g\u00c3\u00a9es propri\u00c3\u00a9taires.\n\nQuel Cowboy vous convient le mieux\u00c2 ? R\u00c3\u00a9pondez \u00c3 notre quiz pour en savoir\nplus\n\n## AdaptivePower\u00e2\u0084\u00a2 sur mesure\n\nAdaptivePower\u00e2\u0084\u00a2 2.0 a \u00c3\u00a9t\u00c3\u00a9 con\u00c3\u00a7u pour fonctionner avec chaque \u00c3\u00a9l\u00c3\u00a9ment du\nnouveau Cross\u00c2 ST , de sorte que les collines semblent plates, les charges\nlourdes semblent en apesanteur, et m\u00c3\u00aame les forts vents de face deviennent\nune l\u00c3\u00a9g\u00c3\u00a8re brise.\n\n[ En savoir plus ](/fr-be/pages/adaptive-power)\n\n### Cowboy AdaptivePower\u00e2\u0084\u00a2\n\n1 / 3\n\nLe m\u00c3\u00aame effort, quelles que soient les conditions\n\nQue vous entamiez une mont\u00c3\u00a9e ou que vous soyez face au vent\n\nLe v\u00c3\u00a9lo le d\u00c3\u00a9tecte automatiquement et le moteur prend le relais\n\n## Double suspension\n\nSurvolez toutes les surfaces\n\nAvec des fourches invers\u00c3\u00a9es offrant 40 mm de d\u00c3\u00a9battement, facilement\nr\u00c3\u00a9glable en fonction de vos besoins, le Cross\u00c2 ST vous garantit des trajets\nconfortables en ville et une conduite fun et r\u00c3\u00a9active hors des sentiers\nbattus.\n\n## Nouvelle batterie\n\nPlus de puissance, plus d'autonomie\n\nNous avons optimis\u00c3\u00a9 notre c\u00c3\u00a9l\u00c3\u00a8bre batterie amovible. Fabriqu\u00c3\u00a9e au\nDanemark, elle contient 30 cellules offrant une puissance de 540 Wh et vous\npermettant de rouler jusqu'\u00c3 120 km entre deux charges.\n\n * * Temps de charge de 3h 55min \n * L\u00c3\u00a9g\u00c3\u00a8re \n\n50 % de cellules de batterie en plus\n\nS\u00c3\u00a9curis\u00c3\u00a9e gr\u00c3\u00a2ce au verrou\n\n## Le guide ultime Combien pouvez-vous \u00c3\u00a9conomiser\u00c2 ?\n\nTout ce que vous devez savoir sur le v\u00c3\u00a9lo \u00c3\u00a9lectrique connect\u00c3\u00a9 ultime.\n\nTsellot, Es\u00c3\u00a9 et Nini explorent la for\u00c3\u00aat de Spandau dans la banlieue de\nBerlin gr\u00c3\u00a2ce au Cross\u00c2 ST.\n\n## \u00c3\u0089l\u00c3\u00a9gante simplicit\u00c3\u00a9\n\nLe Cross\u00c2 ST est un design embl\u00c3\u00a9matique en devenir. Ses lignes \u00c3\u00a9pur\u00c3\u00a9es sont\nobtenues gr\u00c3\u00a2ce \u00c3 des c\u00c3\u00a2bles dissimul\u00c3\u00a9s, des soudures invisibles et des\ncomposantes et mat\u00c3\u00a9riaux de qualit\u00c3\u00a9 sup\u00c3\u00a9rieure.\n\n## R\u00c3\u00a9servez un essai gratuit\n\nRien ne vaut un essai pour ressentir la conduite du Cross\u00c2 ST . Vous pouvez le\nd\u00c3\u00a9couvrir dans l'un de nos magasins ou chez vous. V\u00c3\u00a9rifiez si nous op\u00c3\u00a9rons\ndans votre r\u00c3\u00a9gion.\n\n## Comparez nos mod\u00c3\u00a8les\n\nParcourez notre gamme de v\u00c3\u00a9los \u00c3\u00a9lectriques prim\u00c3\u00a9s pour trouver celui qui\nvous correspond.\n\n| | | | | \n---|---|---|---|---|--- \n| Cross\u00c2 ST Cadre ouvert, suspension et autonomie accrue | Cruiser Position d\u00c3\u00a9tendue pour une conduite confortable | Cruiser\u00c2 ST Cadre ouvert et position d\u00c3\u00a9tendue | Classic Position active pour une conduite r\u00c3\u00a9active | Cross Confort de suspension et autonomie accrue \nPosition de conduite | D\u00c3\u00a9tendue | D\u00c3\u00a9tendue | D\u00c3\u00a9tendue | Active | D\u00c3\u00a9tendue \nTaille du cycliste | Adapt\u00c3\u00a9 aux cyclistes de 155 \u00c3 195 cm | Adapt\u00c3\u00a9 aux cyclistes de 170 \u00c3 195 cm | Adapt\u00c3\u00a9 aux cyclistes de 165 \u00c3 190 cm | Adapt\u00c3\u00a9 aux cyclistes de 170 \u00c3 195 cm | Adapt\u00c3\u00a9 aux cyclistes de 165 \u00c3 195 cm \nBatterie amovible | Autonomie de 60 \u00c3 120 km | Autonomie de 40 \u00c3 90 km | Autonomie de 40 \u00c3 90 km | Autonomie de 40 \u00c3 90 km | Autonomie de 60 \u00c3 120 km \nPoids total du v\u00c3\u00a9lo | 26,5 kg | 19,4 kg | 19,3 kg | 19,0 kg | 27,9 kg \nType de guidon | Guidon courb\u00c3\u00a9 | Guidon courb\u00c3\u00a9 | Guidon courb\u00c3\u00a9 | Guidon droit | Guidon courb\u00c3\u00a9 \nLargeur du guidon | 57 cm | 62 cm | 57 cm | 54 cm | 57 cm \nType de selle | Confort | Confort | Confort | Sport | Confort \nCadence de p\u00c3\u00a9dalage | Ratio de transmission 2,86 (60/21) | Ratio de transmission 3,00 (60/20) | Ratio de transmission 2,71 (57/21) | Ratio de transmission 2,86 (60/21) | Ratio de transmission 2,86 (60/21) \nVitesse d'assistance max. | Assistance jusqu'\u00c3 25 km/h | Assistance jusqu'\u00c3 25 km/h | Assistance jusqu'\u00c3 25 km/h | Assistance jusqu'\u00c3 25 km/h | Assistance jusqu'\u00c3 25 km/h \n| | [ Explorez ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser) | [ Explorez ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st) | [ Explorez ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic) | [ Explorez ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross) \n \nTaille du cycliste | Optimis\u00c3\u00a9 pour les cyclistes mesurant entre 155-195 cm \n---|--- \nPoids | 26,5 kg, batterie incluse \nAutonomie de la batterie | 60-120 km \nTemps de charge | 100% recharg\u00c3\u00a9 en 3 heures et 55 minutes \nVitesse d'assistance max. | jusqu'\u00c3 25 km/h \nInclus dans la bo\u00c3\u00aete | Cl\u00c3\u00a9s Allen 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm et 6 mm, cl\u00c3\u00a9 \u00c3 courroie, 4x r\u00c3\u00a9flecteurs de rayons, r\u00c3\u00a9flecteur arri\u00c3\u00a8re, sonnette \nGarantie | 2 ans \nLongueur du sommet de la selle (en position la plus haute) au sol et \u00c3 la position la plus basse de la selle = longueur int\u00c3\u00a9rieure maximale des jambes du cycliste | Min 880 mm - Max 1055 mm \nLongueur totale | 186 cm \nPoids total maximal (cycliste + v\u00c3\u00a9lo + bagages) | 130 kg \nMode de contr\u00c3\u00b4le | T\u00c3\u00a9l\u00c3\u00a9phone connect\u00c3\u00a9 avec application + d\u00c3\u00a9verrouillage de la batterie \nBatterie | Poids de 3,3 kg, batterie lithium-ion 30 cellules 21700, 540 Wh \nCadre | Aluminium 6061 \nFourche | Fourche \u00c3 ressort invers\u00c3\u00a9e, 40 mm de d\u00c3\u00a9battement maximum \nMat\u00c3\u00a9riau de la courroie | Renforc\u00c3\u00a9e en fibre de carbone, longueur de 1573 mm, largeur de 12 mm, 143 dents \nPneus | Cowboy custom, largeur de 60 mm, diam\u00c3\u00a8tre de 559 mm \nFreins | Freins \u00c3 disque hydrauliques avant et arri\u00c3\u00a8re, Tektro \nTige de selle - Suspension | Ressort t\u00c3\u00a9lescopique, 40 mm de d\u00c3\u00a9battement \n \n## Subventions Combien pouvez-vous \u00c3\u00a9conomiser\u00c2 ?\n\n\u00c3\u0089conomisez sur l'achat d'un nouveau Cowboy gr\u00c3\u00a2ce \u00c3 une subvention locale.\n\n## Rouler \nn'attend pas\n\nObtenez-le \u00c3 partir de 3\u00e2\u0080\u00af999\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\n\n[ Commandez maintenant ](/fr-be/cart?model=cross-st) [ R\u00c3\u00a9servez un essai\n](/fr-be/pages/test-ride?model=cross-st#type)\n\n## Explorez\n\n * [ Classic ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic)\n * [ Cruiser ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser)\n * [ Cruiser ST ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st)\n * [ Cross ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross)\n * [ Cross ST ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st)\n * [ Circular ](/fr-be/collections/circular)\n * [ Accessoires & pi\u00c3\u00a8ces ](/fr-be/collections/accessories)\n * [ R\u00c3\u00a9servez un essai ](/fr-be/pages/test-ride)\n\n## Services\n\n * [ Care ](/fr-be/products/cowboy-care)\n * [ Assurance vol ](/fr-be/products/theft-insurance)\n * [ M\u00c3\u00a9thodes de paiement ](/fr-be/pages/payment-methods)\n * [ Leasing ](/fr-be/pages/lease-a-cowboy)\n * [ Garantie ](/fr-be/products/warranty)\n * [ Business ](/fr-be/pages/business)\n * [ \u00c3\u0089tudiants ](/fr-be/pages/student-program)\n\n## \u00c3\u0080 propos\n\n * [ Avis ](/fr-be/blogs/reviews)\n * [ Presse ](/fr-be/blogs/press)\n * [ Blog ](/fr-be/blogs/stories)\n * [ Magasins ](/fr-be/pages/stores)\n * [ Carri\u00c3\u00a8res ](/fr-be/pages/careers)\n * [ Programme d'affiliation ](/fr-be/pages/affiliate)\n\n## Aide\n\n * [ Contact ](/fr-be/pages/contact-us)\n * [ FAQ ](https://help.cowboy.com)\n * [ Livraisons ](/fr-be/pages/delivery)\n * [ Retours ](/fr-be/pages/returns)\n\n## Une newsletter pas comme les autres\n\n * [ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/CowboyHQ/)\n * [ YouTube ](https://www.youtube.com/c/COWBOYBikes/featured)\n\n[ ](/fr-be/)\n\n[ B Corp ](/fr-be/pages/b-corp)\n\n* * *\n\n * [ Terms of use ](/fr-be/pages/terms-of-use)\n * [ Data protection policy ](/fr-be/pages/privacy-policy)\n * \u00c2\u00a9 2025 Cowboy \n\n",
"url": "https://cowboy.com/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st"
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"source": "https://cowboy.com/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st"
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n[ **Service?** Nu bij 200+ winkels \nof gewoon bij jou thuis. _Meer info_ ](/nl-be/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ Welke Cowboy is geschikt voor jou? \nDoe de quiz ](/nl-be/pages/which-cowboy-is-right-for-you)\n\n## Je winkelwagentje\n\nNiks te zien hier, maar [ een testride is dichtbij ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride/)\n.\n\n[ Fiets toevoegen ](/cart) [ Shop accessoires ](/collections/accessories)\n\n## Je winkelwagentje\n\nNiks te zien hier, maar [ een testride is dichtbij ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride/)\n.\n\n[ Fiets toevoegen ](/cart) [ Shop accessoires ](/collections/accessories)\n\n# Cross\u00c2 ST Ontmoet onze alleskunner\n\nVanaf \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3.999\n\n[ Bestel nu vanaf \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3.999 Bestel nu ](/nl-be/cart?model=cross-st) [ Boek\neen testrit Testritten ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride?model=cross-st#type)\n\nCross\u00c2 ST vanaf \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3.999\n\n## Jouw stad nu nog grootser Maak kennis met de e-bike die de stadsgrenzen\ndoorbreekt. Met zijn ophanging, dikke banden en krachtige nieuwe batterij is\nde Cross\u00c2 ST gemaakt voor het avontuur.\n\n[ Bestel de Cross\u00c2 ST ](/nl-be/cart?model=cross-st) [ Boek een gratis testrit\n](/nl-be/pages/test-ride?model=cross-st#type)\n\n[ **200+ servicevestigingen** Deskundige reparaties bij jou in de buurt \u00e2\u0080\u0093 of\ngewoon bij je thuis. ](/nl-be/pages/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ **Slimme diefstaldetectie** Blijf dieven voor met GPS-tracking en\nwaarschuwingen. ](/nl-be/products/connect)\n\n[ **2 jaar garantie** Gedekt waar het telt. Zorgeloos rijden. ](/nl-\nbe/products/warranty)\n\n[ **Flexibele betaling** Betaal in 3 keer zonder rente, of lease een Cowboy.\n](/nl-be/pages/payment-methods)\n\n## Cross\u00c2 ST hoogtepunten\n\nRechte rijhouding\n\nAdaptivePower\u00e2\u0084\u00a2 Op Maat\n\nOphanging voor & achter\n\nDikke 60 mm banden\n\nNieuwe bagagedrager\n\n60-120 km bereik\n\n## Geconnecteerde rit\n\nDankzij de krachtige, ge\u00c3\u00afntegreerde software wordt elke rit soepeler,\nveiliger en leuker.\n\n## Breng je ritten naar een hoger niveau\n\nTil je ritten naar een hoger niveau met onze spannende interactieve games.\nPush jezelf met toffe uitdagingen die lastiger worden naarmate je verder komt\nin de levels.\n\n## Hou het veilig op de weg\n\nDe app bevat ook hypermoderne veiligheidsfuncties zoals automatische\ncrashdetectie en voorspellende waarschuwingen voor gevaren en slechte\nluchtkwaliteit. Mogelijk gemaakt door onze geaggregeerde gegevens.\n\nWelke Cowboy is geschikt voor jou? Doe onze quiz om meer te weten te komen\n\n## AdaptivePower\u00e2\u0084\u00a2 Op Maat\n\nAdaptivePower\u00e2\u0084\u00a2 2.0 is afgestemd op elk element van de nieuwe Cross\u00c2 ST ,\nzodat heuvels vlak aanvoelen, zware ladingen gewichtloos aanvoelen en zelfs\nsterke tegenwind een makkie wordt.\n\n[ Meer info ](/nl-be/pages/adaptive-power)\n\n### Cowboy AdaptivePower\u00e2\u0084\u00a2\n\n1 / 3\n\nDezelfde inspanning in alle omstandigheden\n\nDus of je nu een helling of tegenwind trotseert\n\nJe motor detecteert ze automatisch en past zich aan\n\n## Dubbele ophanging\n\nZweef over de weg\n\nDe omgekeerde vorken zijn gemakkelijk verstelbaar over een afstand van 40 mm.\nDe Cross\u00c2 ST biedt dan ook een soepele rit in de stad en een leuke, reactieve\nrit daarbuiten.\n\n## Nieuwe batterij\n\nMeer kracht, meer afstand\n\nOnze iconische uitneembare batterij kreeg een volledige upgrade. Ze wordt\ngeassembleerd in Denemarken en de 30 cellen zijn goed voor 540 Wh. Nu kun je\ntot 120 km rijden tussen twee oplaadbeurten.\n\n * * Laadtijd: 3 u 55 min \n * Lichtgewicht \n\n50% meer batterijcellen\n\nVeilig op slot\n\n## Nieuw bij Cowboy? De ultieme gids voor Cowboy\n\nAlles wat je moet weten over de ultieme geconnecteerde e-bike.\n\nTsellot, Es\u00c3\u00a9 en Nini verkennen Spandauer Forst aan de rand van Berlijn\ndankzij Cross\u00c2 ST.\n\n## Eenvoudig mooi\n\nDe Cross\u00c2 ST is een designicoon in de maak. De verborgen kabels, onzichtbare\nlasnaden, hoogwaardige onderdelen en materialen resulteren in strakke lijnen.\n\n## Boek een gratis testrit\n\nTest hem zelf en ervaar de Cross\u00c2 ST . Je kunt hem ontdekken in onze winkels\nen bij je thuis. Kijk of we actief zijn in je regio.\n\n## Vergelijk onze modellen\n\nKies een e-bike uit onze prijswinnaars die bij je stijl past.\n\n| | | | | \n---|---|---|---|---|--- \n| Cross\u00c2 ST Lage instap, vering en groter bereik | Cruiser Comfortabele, rechte zithouding | Cruiser\u00c2 ST Lage instap en ontspannen zithouding | Classic Actieve zithouding voor een responsieve rit | Cross Veringscomfort en groter bereik \nZithouding | Ontspannen | Ontspannen | Ontspannen | Actief | Ontspannen \nLengte van de fietser | Geschikt voor fietsers van 155\u00e2\u0080\u0093195 cm | Geschikt voor fietsers van 170\u00e2\u0080\u0093195 cm | Geschikt voor fietsers van 165\u00e2\u0080\u0093190 cm | Geschikt voor fietsers van 170\u00e2\u0080\u0093195 cm | Geschikt voor fietsers van 165\u00e2\u0080\u0093195 cm \nUitneembare batterij | Actieradius van 60\u00e2\u0080\u0093120 km | Actieradius van 40\u00e2\u0080\u009390 km | Actieradius van 40\u00e2\u0080\u009390 km | Actieradius van 40\u00e2\u0080\u009390 km | Actieradius van 60\u00e2\u0080\u0093120 km \nTotaalgewicht van de fiets | 26,5 kg | 19,4 kg | 19,3 kg | 19,0 kg | 27,9 kg \nType stuur | Gebogen stuur | Gebogen stuur | Gebogen stuur | Recht stuur | Gebogen stuur \nStuurbreedte | 57 cm | 62 cm | 57 cm | 54 cm | 57 cm \nType zadel | Comfort | Comfort | Comfort | Sport | Comfort \nTrapfrequentie | Overbrengingsverhouding 2,86 (60/21) | Overbrengingsverhouding 3,00 (60/20) | Overbrengingsverhouding 2,71 (57/21) | Overbrengingsverhouding 2,86 (60/21) | Overbrengingsverhouding 2,86 (60/21) \nOndersteunde snelheid | Ondersteuning tot 25 km/u | Ondersteuning tot 25 km/u | Ondersteuning tot 25 km/u | Ondersteuning tot 25 km/u | Ondersteuning tot 25 km/u \n| | [ Ontdek ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser) | [ Ontdek ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st) | [ Ontdek ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic) | [ Ontdek ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross) \n \nFahrerhoogte | Geoptimaliseerd voor rijders tussen 155-195 cm lang \n---|--- \nGewicht | 26,5 kg, inclusief batterij \nBatterijbereik | 60-120 km \nLaadtijd | 100% opgeladen in 3 uur en 55 minuten \nSnelheid ondersteuning | tot 25 km/u \nInbegrepen in de doos | 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm en 6 mm inbussleutels, riemspanne, 4x Spaakreflectoren, achterste reflector, bel \nGarantie | 2 jaar \nLengte van het hoogste punt van het zadel tot de grond en tot de laagste zadelpositie = maximale binnenbeenlengte van een rijder | Min 880 mm - Max 1055 mm \nTotale lengte | 186 cm \nMaximaal totaalgewicht (rijder + fiets + bagage) | 130 kg \nBedieningsmodus | Verbonden telefoon met app + batterijontgrendeling \nBatterij | 3,3 kg gewicht, 30-cellige lithium-ion batterij 21700, 540 Wh \nFrame | Aluminium 6061 \nVork | Inverted Coil Vering, 40 mm maximale vering \nRiemmateriaal | Carbon Fiber Versterkt, 1573 mm lengte, 12 mm breedte, 143 tanden \nBanden | Cowboy custom, 60 mm breedte, 559 mm diameter \nRemmen | Voor- en achterhydraulische schijfremmen, Tektro \nZadelpen - Vering | Telescopische veer, 40 mm vering \n \n## Subsidies Hoeveel gaat u besparen?\n\nBesparen op een nieuwe Cowboy met een lokale subsidie.\n\n## Always time \nto ride\n\nKoop de jouwe vanaf \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3.999\n\n[ Bestel nu ](/nl-be/cart?model=cross-st) [ Boek een testrit ](/nl-\nbe/pages/test-ride?model=cross-st#type)\n\n## Ontdek\n\n * [ Classic ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic)\n * [ Cruiser ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser)\n * [ Cruiser ST ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st)\n * [ Cross ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross)\n * [ Cross ST ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st)\n * [ Circular ](/nl-be/collections/circular)\n * [ Accessoires & onderdelen ](/nl-be/collections/accessories)\n * [ Boek een testrit ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride)\n\n## Services\n\n * [ Care ](/nl-be/products/cowboy-care)\n * [ Diefstalverzekering ](/nl-be/products/theft-insurance)\n * [ Betalingsmethoden ](/nl-be/pages/payment-methods)\n * [ Leasing ](/nl-be/pages/lease-a-cowboy)\n * [ Garantie ](/nl-be/products/warranty)\n * [ Business ](/nl-be/pages/business)\n * [ Studenten ](/nl-be/pages/student-program)\n\n## Over ons\n\n * [ Reviews ](/nl-be/blogs/reviews)\n * [ Pers ](/nl-be/blogs/press)\n * [ Blog ](/nl-be/blogs/stories)\n * [ Winkels ](/nl-be/pages/stores)\n * [ Vacatures ](/nl-be/pages/careers)\n * [ Affiliate-programma ](/nl-be/pages/affiliate)\n\n## Help\n\n * [ Contact ](/nl-be/pages/contact-us)\n * [ FAQ ](https://help.cowboy.com)\n * [ Levering ](/nl-be/pages/delivery)\n * [ Retourneren ](/nl-be/pages/returns)\n\n## Geen nieuwsbrief zoals alle anderen\n\n * [ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/CowboyHQ/)\n * [ YouTube ](https://www.youtube.com/c/COWBOYBikes/featured)\n\n[ ](/nl-be/)\n\n[ B Corp ](/nl-be/pages/b-corp)\n\n* * *\n\n * [ Terms of use ](/nl-be/pages/terms-of-use)\n * [ Data protection policy ](/nl-be/pages/privacy-policy)\n * \u00c2\u00a9 2025 Cowboy \n\n",
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n[ **Service\u00c2 ?** D\u00c3\u00a9sormais dans plus de 200 magasins \nou chez vous. _En savoir plus_ ](/fr-be/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ Quel Cowboy vous convient le mieux\u00c2 ? \nCommencez le quiz ](/fr-be/pages/which-cowboy-is-right-for-you)\n\n## Votre panier\n\nIl n'y a rien par ici, mais [ il y a des test rides par-l\u00c3 ](/fr-\nbe/pages/test-ride/) .\n\n[ Ajouter un v\u00c3\u00a9lo ](/cart) [ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez les accessoires\n](/collections/accessories)\n\n## Votre panier\n\nIl n'y a rien par ici, mais [ il y a des test rides par-l\u00c3 ](/fr-\nbe/pages/test-ride/) .\n\n[ Ajouter un v\u00c3\u00a9lo ](/cart) [ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez les accessoires\n](/collections/accessories)\n\n# Cross Partez \u00c3 l'aventure !\n\n\u00c3\u0080 partir de 3\u00e2\u0080\u00af999\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\n\n[ Commandez \u00c3 partir de 3\u00e2\u0080\u00af999\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Commandez maintenant ](/fr-\nbe/cart?model=cross) [ R\u00c3\u00a9servez un essai Essais ](/fr-be/pages/test-\nride?model=cross#type)\n\nCross \u00c3 partir de 3\u00e2\u0080\u00af999\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\n\n## La ville n'a plus de limite D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez le v\u00c3\u00a9lo \u00c3\u00a9lectrique urbain qui\nvous emm\u00c3\u00a8ne au-del\u00c3 des fronti\u00c3\u00a8res de la ville. Avec sa suspension, ses\npneus \u00c3\u00a9pais personnalis\u00c3\u00a9s et sa nouvelle batterie puissante, le Cross a soif\nd'aventure.\n\n[ Commandez le Cross ](/fr-be/cart?model=cross) [ R\u00c3\u00a9servez un essai gratuit\n](/fr-be/pages/test-ride?model=cross#type)\n\n[ **Plus de 200 points de service** Des r\u00c3\u00a9parations expertes \u00c3 proximit\u00c3\u00a9. Ou\ndirectement \u00c3 votre porte. ](/fr-be/pages/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ **D\u00c3\u00a9tection de vol de pointe** Gardez l'avantage avec le suivi GPS et les\nalertes de vol. ](/fr-be/products/connect)\n\n[ **Garantie de 2 ans** Prot\u00c3\u00a9g\u00c3\u00a9 l\u00c3 o\u00c3\u00b9 \u00c3\u00a7a compte. L'esprit tranquille\ngaranti. ](/fr-be/products/warranty)\n\n[ **Paiement en plusieurs fois** Payez en 3 fois sans frais ou louez un\nCowboy. ](/fr-be/pages/payment-methods)\n\n## Avantages de Cross\n\nPosition droite\n\nAdaptivePower\u00e2\u0084\u00a2 sur mesure\n\nSuspension avant et selle\n\nPneus \u00c3\u00a9pais 60 mm\n\nNouveau porte-bagages arri\u00c3\u00a8re\n\n60 \u00c3 120 km d'autonomie\n\n## Trajet connect\u00c3\u00a9\n\nGr\u00c3\u00a2ce \u00c3 ses puissantes fonctionnalit\u00c3\u00a9s embarqu\u00c3\u00a9es, profitez de trajets plus\nconfortables, plus s\u00c3\u00bbrs et plus fun.\n\n## Am\u00c3\u00a9liorez votre trajet\n\nFaites passer vos trajets \u00c3 la vitesse sup\u00c3\u00a9rieure gr\u00c3\u00a2ce \u00c3 interactifs\npassionnants. Mesurez-vous avec des d\u00c3\u00a9fis de taille qui deviennent de plus en\nplus difficiles \u00c3 mesure que vous progressez dans les niveaux.\n\n## Ridez en s\u00c3\u00a9curit\u00c3\u00a9\n\nL'application inclut \u00c3\u00a9galement des fonctionnalit\u00c3\u00a9s de pointe, comme la\nd\u00c3\u00a9tection des collisions et les alertes pr\u00c3\u00a9dictives \u00c3 l'approche de dangers\net pour la mauvaise qualit\u00c3\u00a9 de l'air. Une prouesse r\u00c3\u00a9alis\u00c3\u00a9e gr\u00c3\u00a2ce \u00c3 nos\ndonn\u00c3\u00a9es agr\u00c3\u00a9g\u00c3\u00a9es propri\u00c3\u00a9taires.\n\nQuel Cowboy vous convient le mieux\u00c2 ? R\u00c3\u00a9pondez \u00c3 notre quiz pour en savoir\nplus\n\n## AdaptivePower\u00e2\u0084\u00a2 sur mesure\n\nAdaptivePower\u00e2\u0084\u00a2 2.0 a \u00c3\u00a9t\u00c3\u00a9 con\u00c3\u00a7u pour fonctionner avec chaque \u00c3\u00a9l\u00c3\u00a9ment du\nnouveau Cross , de sorte que les collines semblent plates, les charges lourdes\nsemblent en apesanteur, et m\u00c3\u00aame les forts vents de face deviennent une\nl\u00c3\u00a9g\u00c3\u00a8re brise.\n\n[ En savoir plus ](/fr-be/pages/adaptive-power)\n\n### Cowboy AdaptivePower\u00e2\u0084\u00a2\n\n1 / 3\n\nLe m\u00c3\u00aame effort, quelles que soient les conditions\n\nQue vous entamiez une mont\u00c3\u00a9e ou que vous soyez face au vent\n\nLe v\u00c3\u00a9lo le d\u00c3\u00a9tecte automatiquement et le moteur prend le relais\n\n## Double suspension\n\nSurvolez toutes les surfaces\n\nAvec des fourches invers\u00c3\u00a9es offrant 40 mm de d\u00c3\u00a9battement, facilement\nr\u00c3\u00a9glable en fonction de vos besoins, le Cross vous garantit des trajets\nconfortables en ville et une conduite fun et r\u00c3\u00a9active hors des sentiers\nbattus.\n\n## Nouvelle batterie\n\nPlus de puissance, plus d'autonomie\n\nNous avons optimis\u00c3\u00a9 notre c\u00c3\u00a9l\u00c3\u00a8bre batterie amovible. Fabriqu\u00c3\u00a9e au\nDanemark, elle contient 30 cellules offrant une puissance de 540 Wh et vous\npermettant de rouler jusqu'\u00c3 120 km entre deux charges.\n\n * * Temps de charge de 3h 55min \n * L\u00c3\u00a9g\u00c3\u00a8re \n\n50 % de cellules de batterie en plus\n\nS\u00c3\u00a9curis\u00c3\u00a9e gr\u00c3\u00a2ce au verrou\n\n## Le guide ultime Combien pouvez-vous \u00c3\u00a9conomiser\u00c2 ?\n\nTout ce que vous devez savoir sur le v\u00c3\u00a9lo \u00c3\u00a9lectrique connect\u00c3\u00a9 ultime.\n\nVoici Paris avec le Cross. Steven, Nicolas et Nacim se rendent \u00c3 Fontainebleau\npour une journ\u00c3\u00a9e d'escalade.\n\n## \u00c3\u0089l\u00c3\u00a9gante simplicit\u00c3\u00a9\n\nLe Cross est un design embl\u00c3\u00a9matique en devenir. Ses lignes \u00c3\u00a9pur\u00c3\u00a9es sont\nobtenues gr\u00c3\u00a2ce \u00c3 des c\u00c3\u00a2bles dissimul\u00c3\u00a9s, des soudures invisibles et des\ncomposantes et mat\u00c3\u00a9riaux de qualit\u00c3\u00a9 sup\u00c3\u00a9rieure.\n\nTaille du cycliste | Optimis\u00c3\u00a9 pour les cyclistes mesurant entre 165-195 cm \n---|--- \nPoids | 27,9 kg, batterie incluse \nAutonomie de la batterie | 60-120 km \nTemps de charge | 100% recharg\u00c3\u00a9 en 3 heures et 55 minutes \nVitesse d'assistance max. | jusqu'\u00c3 25 km/h \nInclus dans la bo\u00c3\u00aete | Cl\u00c3\u00a9s Allen 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm et 6 mm, cl\u00c3\u00a9 \u00c3 courroie, 4x r\u00c3\u00a9flecteurs de rayons, r\u00c3\u00a9flecteur arri\u00c3\u00a8re, sonnette \nGarantie | 2 ans \nLongueur du sommet de la selle (en position la plus haute) au sol et \u00c3 la position la plus basse de la selle = longueur int\u00c3\u00a9rieure maximale des jambes du cycliste | Min 905 mm - Max 1080 mm \nLongueur totale | 189 cm \nPoids total maximal (cycliste + v\u00c3\u00a9lo + bagages) | 130 kg \nMode de contr\u00c3\u00b4le | T\u00c3\u00a9l\u00c3\u00a9phone connect\u00c3\u00a9 avec application + d\u00c3\u00a9verrouillage de la batterie \nBatterie | Poids de 3,3 kg, batterie lithium-ion 30 cellules 21700, 540 Wh \nCadre | Aluminium 6061 \nFourche | Fourche \u00c3 ressort invers\u00c3\u00a9e, 40 mm de d\u00c3\u00a9battement maximum \nMat\u00c3\u00a9riau de la courroie | Renforc\u00c3\u00a9e en fibre de carbone, longueur de 1573 mm, largeur de 12 mm, 143 dents \nPneus | Cowboy custom, largeur de 60 mm, diam\u00c3\u00a8tre de 559 mm \nFreins | Freins \u00c3 disque hydrauliques avant et arri\u00c3\u00a8re, Tektro \nTige de selle - Suspension | Ressort t\u00c3\u00a9lescopique, 40 mm de d\u00c3\u00a9battement \n \n## R\u00c3\u00a9servez un essai gratuit\n\nRien ne vaut un essai pour ressentir la conduite du Cross . Vous pouvez le\nd\u00c3\u00a9couvrir dans l'un de nos magasins ou chez vous. V\u00c3\u00a9rifiez si nous op\u00c3\u00a9rons\ndans votre r\u00c3\u00a9gion.\n\n## Comparez nos mod\u00c3\u00a8les\n\nParcourez notre gamme de v\u00c3\u00a9los \u00c3\u00a9lectriques prim\u00c3\u00a9s pour trouver celui qui\nvous correspond.\n\n| | | | | \n---|---|---|---|---|--- \n| Cross Confort de suspension et autonomie accrue | Cruiser Position d\u00c3\u00a9tendue pour une conduite confortable | Cruiser\u00c2 ST Cadre ouvert et position d\u00c3\u00a9tendue | Classic Position active pour une conduite r\u00c3\u00a9active | Cross\u00c2 ST Cadre ouvert, suspension et autonomie accrue \nPosition de conduite | D\u00c3\u00a9tendue | D\u00c3\u00a9tendue | D\u00c3\u00a9tendue | Active | D\u00c3\u00a9tendue \nTaille du cycliste | Adapt\u00c3\u00a9 aux cyclistes de 165 \u00c3 195 cm | Adapt\u00c3\u00a9 aux cyclistes de 170 \u00c3 195 cm | Adapt\u00c3\u00a9 aux cyclistes de 165 \u00c3 190 cm | Adapt\u00c3\u00a9 aux cyclistes de 170 \u00c3 195 cm | Adapt\u00c3\u00a9 aux cyclistes de 155 \u00c3 195 cm \nBatterie amovible | Autonomie de 60 \u00c3 120 km | Autonomie de 40 \u00c3 90 km | Autonomie de 40 \u00c3 90 km | Autonomie de 40 \u00c3 90 km | Autonomie de 60 \u00c3 120 km \nPoids total du v\u00c3\u00a9lo | 27,9 kg | 19,4 kg | 19,3 kg | 19,0 kg | 26,5 kg \nType de guidon | Guidon courb\u00c3\u00a9 | Guidon courb\u00c3\u00a9 | Guidon courb\u00c3\u00a9 | Guidon droit | Guidon courb\u00c3\u00a9 \nLargeur du guidon | 57 cm | 62 cm | 57 cm | 54 cm | 57 cm \nType de selle | Confort | Confort | Confort | Sport | Confort \nCadence de p\u00c3\u00a9dalage | Ratio de transmission 2,86 (60/21) | Ratio de transmission 3,00 (60/20) | Ratio de transmission 2,71 (57/21) | Ratio de transmission 2,86 (60/21) | Ratio de transmission 2,86 (60/21) \nVitesse d'assistance max. | Assistance jusqu'\u00c3 25 km/h | Assistance jusqu'\u00c3 25 km/h | Assistance jusqu'\u00c3 25 km/h | Assistance jusqu'\u00c3 25 km/h | Assistance jusqu'\u00c3 25 km/h \n| | [ Explorez ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser) | [ Explorez ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st) | [ Explorez ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic) | [ Explorez ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st) \n \n## Subventions Combien pouvez-vous \u00c3\u00a9conomiser\u00c2 ?\n\n\u00c3\u0089conomisez sur l'achat d'un nouveau Cowboy gr\u00c3\u00a2ce \u00c3 une subvention locale.\n\n## Rouler \nn'attend pas\n\nObtenez-le \u00c3 partir de 3\u00e2\u0080\u00af999\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\n\n[ Commandez maintenant ](/fr-be/cart?model=cross) [ R\u00c3\u00a9servez un essai\n](/fr-be/pages/test-ride?model=cross#type)\n\n## Explorez\n\n * [ Classic ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic)\n * [ Cruiser ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser)\n * [ Cruiser ST ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st)\n * [ Cross ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross)\n * [ Cross ST ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st)\n * [ Circular ](/fr-be/collections/circular)\n * [ Accessoires & pi\u00c3\u00a8ces ](/fr-be/collections/accessories)\n * [ R\u00c3\u00a9servez un essai ](/fr-be/pages/test-ride)\n\n## Services\n\n * [ Care ](/fr-be/products/cowboy-care)\n * [ Assurance vol ](/fr-be/products/theft-insurance)\n * [ M\u00c3\u00a9thodes de paiement ](/fr-be/pages/payment-methods)\n * [ Leasing ](/fr-be/pages/lease-a-cowboy)\n * [ Garantie ](/fr-be/products/warranty)\n * [ Business ](/fr-be/pages/business)\n * [ \u00c3\u0089tudiants ](/fr-be/pages/student-program)\n\n## \u00c3\u0080 propos\n\n * [ Avis ](/fr-be/blogs/reviews)\n * [ Presse ](/fr-be/blogs/press)\n * [ Blog ](/fr-be/blogs/stories)\n * [ Magasins ](/fr-be/pages/stores)\n * [ Carri\u00c3\u00a8res ](/fr-be/pages/careers)\n * [ Programme d'affiliation ](/fr-be/pages/affiliate)\n\n## Aide\n\n * [ Contact ](/fr-be/pages/contact-us)\n * [ FAQ ](https://help.cowboy.com)\n * [ Livraisons ](/fr-be/pages/delivery)\n * [ Retours ](/fr-be/pages/returns)\n\n## Une newsletter pas comme les autres\n\n * [ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/CowboyHQ/)\n * [ YouTube ](https://www.youtube.com/c/COWBOYBikes/featured)\n\n[ ](/fr-be/)\n\n[ B Corp ](/fr-be/pages/b-corp)\n\n* * *\n\n * [ Terms of use ](/fr-be/pages/terms-of-use)\n * [ Data protection policy ](/fr-be/pages/privacy-policy)\n * \u00c2\u00a9 2025 Cowboy \n\n",
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n[ **Service\u00c2 ?** D\u00c3\u00a9sormais dans plus de 200 magasins \nou chez vous. _En savoir plus_ ](/fr-be/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ Quel Cowboy vous convient le mieux\u00c2 ? \nCommencez le quiz ](/fr-be/pages/which-cowboy-is-right-for-you)\n\n## Votre panier\n\nIl n'y a rien par ici, mais [ il y a des test rides par-l\u00c3 ](/fr-\nbe/pages/test-ride/) .\n\n[ Ajouter un v\u00c3\u00a9lo ](/cart) [ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez les accessoires\n](/collections/accessories)\n\n## Votre panier\n\nIl n'y a rien par ici, mais [ il y a des test rides par-l\u00c3 ](/fr-\nbe/pages/test-ride/) .\n\n[ Ajouter un v\u00c3\u00a9lo ](/cart) [ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez les accessoires\n](/collections/accessories)\n\n# Classic L'original\n\n\u00c3\u0080 partir de 2\u00e2\u0080\u00af699\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\n\n[ Commandez \u00c3 partir de 2\u00e2\u0080\u00af699\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Commandez maintenant ](/fr-\nbe/cart?model=classic) [ R\u00c3\u00a9servez un essai Essais ](/fr-be/pages/test-\nride?model=classic#type)\n\nClassic \u00c3 partir de 2\u00e2\u0080\u00af699\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\n\n## Avec le Classic, vous avez trouv\u00c3\u00a9 un engin agile et incroyablement\nrapide. Exploitez votre nouvelle puissance sur un v\u00c3\u00a9lo \u00c3\u00a9lectrique pens\u00c3\u00a9\npour vous.\n\n[ Configurez ](/fr-be/cart?model=classic) [ R\u00c3\u00a9servez un essai gratuit ](/fr-\nbe/pages/test-ride?model=classic#type)\n\n[ **Plus de 200 points de service** Des r\u00c3\u00a9parations expertes \u00c3 proximit\u00c3\u00a9. Ou\ndirectement \u00c3 votre porte. ](/fr-be/pages/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ **D\u00c3\u00a9tection de vol de pointe** Gardez l'avantage avec le suivi GPS et les\nalertes de vol. ](/fr-be/products/connect)\n\n[ **Garantie de 2 ans** Prot\u00c3\u00a9g\u00c3\u00a9 l\u00c3 o\u00c3\u00b9 \u00c3\u00a7a compte. L'esprit tranquille\ngaranti. ](/fr-be/products/warranty)\n\n[ **Paiement en plusieurs fois** Payez en 3 fois sans frais ou louez un\nCowboy. ](/fr-be/pages/payment-methods)\n\n## Avantages de Classic\n\nOptimis\u00c3\u00a9e pour les cyclistes mesurant entre 170-195\u00c2 cm\n\nGuidon plat\n\nSelle sport\n\nCockpit profil\u00c3\u00a9\n\nPosition de conduite active\n\nConduite sportive\n\nCadre classique\n\n> \" Je ne savais pas que j'avais besoin d'un v\u00c3\u00a9lo connect\u00c3\u00a9 dans ma vie, mais\n> maintenant je ne peux plus m'en passer \" Cowboy rider R\u00c3\u00a9mi\n\n> \" Super v\u00c3\u00a9lo, tr\u00c3\u00a8s simple \u00c3 utiliser et avec un design impeccable \" Cowboy\n> rider Cindy\n\n> \" L'exp\u00c3\u00a9rience est incroyable, le moteur adapte bien la puissance sur mes\n> trajets de 40km par jour \" Cowboy rider St\u00c3\u00a9phane\n\n> \" Intuitif et facile d'utilisation. Un vrai plaisir de faire du v\u00c3\u00a9lo. \"\n> Cowboy rider Sophie\n\n> \" Exceptionnel. Le futur. \" Cowboy rider Arthur\n\nCowboy rider R\u00c3\u00a9mi\n\nCowboy rider Cindy\n\nCowboy rider St\u00c3\u00a9phane\n\nCowboy rider Sophie\n\nCowboy rider Arthur\n\n### Trajet connect\u00c3\u00a9\n\nUne bonne prise en main et une attitude dynamique gr\u00c3\u00a2ce au cintre profil\u00c3\u00a9\nautour du cockpit. Accrochez votre t\u00c3\u00a9l\u00c3\u00a9phone pour le recharger sans fil et\nrestez connect\u00c3\u00a9 en toute tranquilit\u00c3\u00a9.\n\n### Cowboy AdaptivePower\u00e2\u0084\u00a2\n\n### Batterie amovible\n\nAvec une allure aussi \u00c3\u00a9l\u00c3\u00a9gante, vous voudrez garder un \u00c5\u0093il sur votre Cowboy\npour v\u00c3\u00a9rifier qu'il est en s\u00c3\u00a9curit\u00c3\u00a9. Assurez-le, tracez-le et roulez\nl'esprit tranquille.\n\nQuel Cowboy vous convient le mieux\u00c2 ? R\u00c3\u00a9pondez \u00c3 notre quiz pour en savoir\nplus\n\n### Auto Lock\n\n### Suivi GPS\n\nAvec son cockpit int\u00c3\u00a9gr\u00c3\u00a9 et son guidon profil\u00c3\u00a9s, le Classic vous offre une\nposition de conduite sportive sur un cadre \u00c3\u00a9l\u00c3\u00a9gant. Montez et penchez-vous\npour aller droit au but.\n\n * Selle sport \n\n * Cockpit et guidon profil\u00c3\u00a9s \n\nUne posture plus droite pour \nencore plus de style\n\nLes v\u00c3\u00a9los Cowboy sont con\u00c3\u00a7us pour \u00c3\u00aatre \u00c3\u00a9l\u00c3\u00a9gants \u00c3 l'int\u00c3\u00a9rieur comme \u00c3\nl'ext\u00c3\u00a9rieur. Chaque d\u00c3\u00a9tail s'int\u00c3\u00a8gre parfaitement sur le cadre et est de\nhaute qualit\u00c3\u00a9.\n\n### Le design en d\u00c3\u00a9tails\n\nChaque d\u00c3\u00a9tail a \u00c3\u00a9t\u00c3\u00a9 pris en compte, il est con\u00c3\u00a7u pour r\u00c3\u00a9sister longtemps\naux intemp\u00c3\u00a9ries.\n\n### Savoir-faire\n\nGr\u00c3\u00a2ce \u00c3 l'excellence de Cowboy en mati\u00c3\u00a8re d'ing\u00c3\u00a9nierie, aussi bien les\nriders que les experts en design nous font confiance.\n\n### Mat\u00c3\u00a9riaux\n\nChaque \u00c3\u00a9l\u00c3\u00a9ment visible ou invisible est construit, dans des mat\u00c3\u00a9riaux de\nqualit\u00c3\u00a9 sup\u00c3\u00a9rieure.\n\n### Toujours \u00c3\u00a9quip\u00c3\u00a9\n\nDes accessoires personnalis\u00c3\u00a9s pour une \u00c3\u00a9tonnante versatilit\u00c3\u00a9 sur la route,\nainsi que des pi\u00c3\u00a8ces d\u00c3\u00a9tach\u00c3\u00a9es lorsque vous en avez besoin.\n\n[ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez les accessoires ](/fr-be/collections/accessories)\n\n> \" La derni\u00c3\u00a8re version du v\u00c3\u00a9lo \u00c3\u00a9lectrique Cowboy semble venir du futur \"\n> GQ\n\n> \" Un des 30 meilleurs gadgets tech haut de gamme de tous les temps \" The\n> Times\n\n> \" Le v\u00c3\u00a9lo \u00c3\u00a9lectrique con\u00c3\u00a7u pour les minimalistes \" TIME\n\n> \" Une merveille de design \" Frandroid\n\n> \" Les meilleures inventions 2022 \" TIME\n\nGQ\n\nThe Times\n\nTIME\n\nFrandroid\n\nTIME\n\n## Vous \u00c3\u00aates aux commandes\n\nL'un des points forts du design est la batterie amovible int\u00c3\u00a9gr\u00c3\u00a9e au cadre.\nIl vous suffit de l'emporter pour la charger et de la remettre en place pour\nvotre prochain trajet.\n\n * * Temps de charge de 2h 54min \n * L\u00c3\u00a9g\u00c3\u00a8re \n\n### Alertes pr\u00c3\u00a9dictives\n\nNotre technologie avanc\u00c3\u00a9e calcule l'autonomie de votre v\u00c3\u00a9lo en fonction de\nvotre mani\u00c3\u00a8re de rouler. Vous recevez des notifications en temps voulu\nlorsqu'il est temps de recharger votre batterie ou de passer en Puissance\n\u00c3\u00a9co, pour une efficacit\u00c3\u00a9 optimale.\n\n## Le guide ultime Combien pouvez-vous \u00c3\u00a9conomiser\u00c2 ?\n\nTout ce que vous devez savoir sur le v\u00c3\u00a9lo \u00c3\u00a9lectrique connect\u00c3\u00a9 ultime.\n\n## Cowboy AdaptivePower\u00e2\u0084\u00a2 Super. Naturel.\n\nGr\u00c3\u00a2ce \u00c3 sa technologie AdaptivePower, ce v\u00c3\u00a9lo est autonome. Si vous\nrencontrez une quelconque r\u00c3\u00a9sistance sur la route, le Cowboy s'adapte\ninstantan\u00c3\u00a9ment \u00c3 ce qui vous entoure. Gagnez en puissance lorsque vous en\navez le plus besoin et roulez l'esprit tranquille.\n\n[ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez la technologie ](/fr-be/pages/adaptive-power)\n\nLa mise \u00c3 jour AdaptivePower 2.0 am\u00c3\u00a9liore consid\u00c3\u00a9rablement la sensibilit\u00c3\u00a9 \u00c3\nl'environnement int\u00c3\u00a9gr\u00c3\u00a9e au syst\u00c3\u00a8me pour d\u00c3\u00a9tecter tout changement dans vos\nconditions de route avec plus de pr\u00c3\u00a9cision que jamais.\n\n### D\u00c3\u00a9nivel\u00c3\u00a9\n\nSi l'inclinaison de la pente augmente, vous remonterez la pente sans ralentir.\n\n### Vent de face\n\nLe v\u00c3\u00a9lo d\u00c3\u00a9tecte la force du vent et vous donne la puissance suppl\u00c3\u00a9mentaire\ndont vous avez besoin pour le traverser.\n\n### Gravit\u00c3\u00a9\n\nEmportez tout votre \u00c3\u00a9quipement sur le v\u00c3\u00a9lo et vous serez soutenu pour\nsupporter le poids suppl\u00c3\u00a9mentaire sans probl\u00c3\u00a8me.\n\n### Technologie AdaptivePower\n\nGr\u00c3\u00a2ce \u00c3 un capteur de r\u00c3\u00a9sistance int\u00c3\u00a9gr\u00c3\u00a9 \u00c3 la technologie sur mesure du\nmoteur, le v\u00c3\u00a9lo vous offre un niveau de puissance constant pour maintenir\nvotre vitesse ou prendre de l'\u00c3\u00a9lan dans les mont\u00c3\u00a9es.\n\n[ En savoir plus ](/fr-be/pages/adaptive-power)\n\nVous avez vu comment fonctionne la technologie AdaptivePower, maintenant\nessayez-la gratuitement. Nous venons \u00c3 vous.\n\n## Votre v\u00c3\u00a9lo s'allume et s'\u00c3\u00a9teint automatiquement et votre t\u00c3\u00a9l\u00c3\u00a9phone se\nrecharge sans fil dans le cockpit pour une conduite sans effort du d\u00c3\u00a9but \u00c3 la\nfin.\n\n## Vous avez trouv\u00c3\u00a9 votre moiti\u00c3\u00a9\n\n### Compagnon de route\n\nAvec un alli\u00c3\u00a9 constamment connect\u00c3\u00a9 \u00c3 la route, vous ridez bien inform\u00c3\u00a9(e).\n\n### Navigation\n\nO\u00c3\u00b9 que vous alliez, nous vous guidons vers vos destinations pr\u00c3\u00a9f\u00c3\u00a9r\u00c3\u00a9es en\ngardant l'\u00c5\u0093il sur le meilleur itin\u00c3\u00a9raire.\n\n### Un esprit sain dans un corps sain. Nous vous montrons ce que vous avez\naccompli \u00c3 chaque trajet.\n\nTableau de bord\n\nVoyez le vrai potentiel de votre trajet avec Connect. Affrontez d'autres\nriders avec les In-Ride Games, c\u00c3\u00a9l\u00c3\u00a9brez vos progr\u00c3\u00a8s avec les Milestones et\nsoyez tranquille avec le suivi GPS et les Theft Alerts.\n\n### Share My Ride\n\nVos proches peuvent suivre vos trajets en temps r\u00c3\u00a9el. Choisissez de partager\nvotre trajet et ils pourront r\u00c3\u00a9agir pendant que vous p\u00c3\u00a9dalez.\n\n### Alertes pr\u00c3\u00a9dictives\n\nPar beau ou mauvais temps (qu'il pleuve, neige ou gr\u00c3\u00aale), les alertes m\u00c3\u00a9t\u00c3\u00a9o\nen direct et les mises \u00c3 jour sur la qualit\u00c3\u00a9 de l'air vous accompagnent dans\ntous vos d\u00c3\u00a9placements\n\n### Assistance fitness et Apple\u00c2 Watch\n\nSynchronisez automatiquement vos trajets avec Apple Health et Strava et\ncompl\u00c3\u00a9tez-les avec les applications Apple\u00c2 Watch ou Wear\u00c2 OS Cowboy\n\n### Connect\n\nCon\u00c3\u00a7u sp\u00c3\u00a9cifiquement pour Google Maps et int\u00c3\u00a9gr\u00c3\u00a9 \u00c3 Strava et Apple\u00c2 Watch,\nConnect partage avec vous toutes les informations sur vos trajets.\n\n[ Explorez ](/fr-be/products/connect)\n\nConsultez vos statistiques en un coup d'\u00c5\u0093il tandis que votre profil Cowboy\n\u00c3\u00a9volue. Vous pouvez comparer vos performances \u00c3 celles des autres riders dans\nvotre fil d'actualit\u00c3\u00a9 tout en attisant votre esprit de comp\u00c3\u00a9tition.\n\n### Profils\n\nVos caract\u00c3\u00a9ristiques uniques de cycliste vous montrent, ainsi qu'\u00c3 votre\ncommunaut\u00c3\u00a9, comment vous aimez rider.\n\n### Accomplissements\n\nCollectionnez les badges \u00c3 chaque \u00c3\u00a9tape parcourue et arborez-les fi\u00c3\u00a8rement.\n\n### Groupes\n\nPlus on est de fous, plus on rit. Rejoignez d'autres riders qui partagent vos\ncentres d'int\u00c3\u00a9r\u00c3\u00aat ou votre environnement.\n\n### Accomplissements\n\nCollectionnez les badges \u00c3 chaque \u00c3\u00a9tape parcourue et arborez-les fi\u00c3\u00a8rement.\n\n# Berlin\n\nRejoint par 565 riders\n\nL'application est disponible en anglais, allemand, fran\u00c3\u00a7ais et n\u00c3\u00a9erlandais.\n\n### Groupes\n\nPlus on est de fous, plus on rit. Rejoignez d'autres riders qui partagent vos\ncentres d'int\u00c3\u00a9r\u00c3\u00aat ou votre environnement.\n\n### Profils\n\nVos caract\u00c3\u00a9ristiques uniques de cycliste vous montrent, ainsi qu'\u00c3 votre\ncommunaut\u00c3\u00a9, comment vous aimez rider.\n\nSuivez votre v\u00c3\u00a9lo o\u00c3\u00b9 que vous soyez gr\u00c3\u00a2ce \u00c3 l'application. Elle vous alerte\nsi votre Cowboy se d\u00c3\u00a9place sans vous. Les d\u00c3\u00a9tecteurs int\u00c3\u00a9gr\u00c3\u00a9s et le GPS\ns'allient pour vous informer. Ridez l'esprit tranquille.\n\n### Find My Bike\n\nV\u00c3\u00a9rifiez que votre v\u00c3\u00a9lo est bien verrouill\u00c3\u00a9 \u00c3 proximit\u00c3\u00a9 ou suivez tous ses\nmouvements avec le tra\u00c3\u00a7age GPS.\n\n### Theft Alerts\n\nLes alertes vol vous informent si quelqu'un essaie de voler votre v\u00c3\u00a9lo. Le\nsuivi GPS en temps r\u00c3\u00a9el vous aidera \u00c3 le r\u00c3\u00a9cup\u00c3\u00a9rer.\n\n[ inclus avec Cowboy Connect ](/fr-be/products/connect)\n\n### Alertes de s\u00c3\u00a9curit\u00c3\u00a9 et d\u00c3\u00a9tection des collisions\n\nL'appli signale les points n\u00c3\u00a9vralgiques des collisions le long de votre\nitin\u00c3\u00a9raire et les capteurs du v\u00c3\u00a9lo d\u00c3\u00a9tectent toute chute pour avertir vos\ncontacts d'urgence.\n\n### Find My Bike\n\nV\u00c3\u00a9rifiez que votre v\u00c3\u00a9lo est bien verrouill\u00c3\u00a9 \u00c3 proximit\u00c3\u00a9 ou suivez tous ses\nmouvements avec le tra\u00c3\u00a7age GPS.\n\n### Alertes de s\u00c3\u00a9curit\u00c3\u00a9 et d\u00c3\u00a9tection des collisions\n\nL'appli signale les points n\u00c3\u00a9vralgiques des collisions le long de votre\nitin\u00c3\u00a9raire et les capteurs du v\u00c3\u00a9lo d\u00c3\u00a9tectent toute chute pour avertir vos\ncontacts d'urgence.\n\n### Theft Alerts\n\nLes alertes vol vous informent si quelqu'un essaie de voler votre v\u00c3\u00a9lo. Le\nsuivi GPS en temps r\u00c3\u00a9el vous aidera \u00c3 le r\u00c3\u00a9cup\u00c3\u00a9rer.\n\n### \u00c3\u0080 votre service\n\nCowboy est l\u00c3 pour vous \u00c3 chaque virage. L'app vous propose une assistance,\nune protection suppl\u00c3\u00a9mentaire avec votre couverture d'assurance et un r\u00c3\u00a9seau\nde techniciens sur la route et chez vous.\n\n[ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez nos services ](/fr-be/collections/services/)\n\nParcourez notre gamme de v\u00c3\u00a9los \u00c3\u00a9lectriques prim\u00c3\u00a9s pour trouver celui qui\nvous correspond.\n\n| | | | | \n---|---|---|---|---|--- \n| Classic Position active pour une conduite r\u00c3\u00a9active | Cruiser Position d\u00c3\u00a9tendue pour une conduite confortable | Cruiser\u00c2 ST Cadre ouvert et position d\u00c3\u00a9tendue | Cross Confort de suspension et autonomie accrue | Cross\u00c2 ST Cadre ouvert, suspension et autonomie accrue \nPosition de conduite | Active | D\u00c3\u00a9tendue | D\u00c3\u00a9tendue | D\u00c3\u00a9tendue | D\u00c3\u00a9tendue \nTaille du cycliste | Adapt\u00c3\u00a9 aux cyclistes de 170 \u00c3 195 cm | Adapt\u00c3\u00a9 aux cyclistes de 170 \u00c3 195 cm | Adapt\u00c3\u00a9 aux cyclistes de 165 \u00c3 190 cm | Adapt\u00c3\u00a9 aux cyclistes de 165 \u00c3 195 cm | Adapt\u00c3\u00a9 aux cyclistes de 155 \u00c3 195 cm \nBatterie amovible | Autonomie de 40 \u00c3 90 km | Autonomie de 40 \u00c3 90 km | Autonomie de 40 \u00c3 90 km | Autonomie de 60 \u00c3 120 km | Autonomie de 60 \u00c3 120 km \nPoids total du v\u00c3\u00a9lo | 19,0 kg | 19,4 kg | 19,3 kg | 27,9 kg | 26,5 kg \nType de guidon | Guidon droit | Guidon courb\u00c3\u00a9 | Guidon courb\u00c3\u00a9 | Guidon courb\u00c3\u00a9 | Guidon courb\u00c3\u00a9 \nLargeur du guidon | 54 cm | 62 cm | 57 cm | 57 cm | 57 cm \nType de selle | Sport | Confort | Confort | Confort | Confort \nCadence de p\u00c3\u00a9dalage | Ratio de transmission 2,86 (60/21) | Ratio de transmission 3,00 (60/20) | Ratio de transmission 2,71 (57/21) | Ratio de transmission 2,86 (60/21) | Ratio de transmission 2,86 (60/21) \nVitesse d'assistance max. | Assistance jusqu'\u00c3 25 km/h | Assistance jusqu'\u00c3 25 km/h | Assistance jusqu'\u00c3 25 km/h | Assistance jusqu'\u00c3 25 km/h | Assistance jusqu'\u00c3 25 km/h \n| | [ Explorez ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser) | [ Explorez ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st) | [ Explorez ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross) | [ Explorez ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st) \n \nCadre | Aluminium 6061 \n---|--- \nFourche | Aluminium 6061 \nFreins | Tektro Brake System \nPlaquettes de frein | Shimano B05S \nMoteur | Moteur custom 45 Nm / 250 W, int\u00c3\u00a9gr\u00c3\u00a9 au moyeu arri\u00c3\u00a8re \nVitesse d'assistance max. | jusqu'\u00c3 25 km/h \nConnectivit\u00c3\u00a9 | Bluetooth Faible consommation d'\u00c3\u00a9nergie \nBatterie | Poids 2,4 kg, Batterie amovible au lithium-ion \nChargeur | Mod\u00c3\u00a8le personnalis\u00c3\u00a9 36V \nApplication | iOS et Android. \nInclus dans la bo\u00c3\u00aete | Cl\u00c3\u00a9s Allen 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm et 6 mm, cl\u00c3\u00a9 \u00c3 courroie \nDimensions \n \n## Voyez ici le Classic en rue\n\n[ Suivez-nous sur Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n\n## Subventions Combien pouvez-vous \u00c3\u00a9conomiser\u00c2 ?\n\n\u00c3\u0089conomisez sur l'achat d'un nouveau Cowboy gr\u00c3\u00a2ce \u00c3 une subvention locale.\n\n## Rouler \nn'attend pas\n\nObtenez-le \u00c3 partir de 2\u00e2\u0080\u00af699\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\n\n[ Commandez maintenant ](/fr-be/cart?model=classic) [ R\u00c3\u00a9servez un essai\n](/fr-be/pages/test-ride?model=classic#type)\n\n## Explorez\n\n * [ Classic ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic)\n * [ Cruiser ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser)\n * [ Cruiser ST ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st)\n * [ Cross ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross)\n * [ Cross ST ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st)\n * [ Circular ](/fr-be/collections/circular)\n * [ Accessoires & pi\u00c3\u00a8ces ](/fr-be/collections/accessories)\n * [ R\u00c3\u00a9servez un essai ](/fr-be/pages/test-ride)\n\n## Services\n\n * [ Care ](/fr-be/products/cowboy-care)\n * [ Assurance vol ](/fr-be/products/theft-insurance)\n * [ M\u00c3\u00a9thodes de paiement ](/fr-be/pages/payment-methods)\n * [ Leasing ](/fr-be/pages/lease-a-cowboy)\n * [ Garantie ](/fr-be/products/warranty)\n * [ Business ](/fr-be/pages/business)\n * [ \u00c3\u0089tudiants ](/fr-be/pages/student-program)\n\n## \u00c3\u0080 propos\n\n * [ Avis ](/fr-be/blogs/reviews)\n * [ Presse ](/fr-be/blogs/press)\n * [ Blog ](/fr-be/blogs/stories)\n * [ Magasins ](/fr-be/pages/stores)\n * [ Carri\u00c3\u00a8res ](/fr-be/pages/careers)\n * [ Programme d'affiliation ](/fr-be/pages/affiliate)\n\n## Aide\n\n * [ Contact ](/fr-be/pages/contact-us)\n * [ FAQ ](https://help.cowboy.com)\n * [ Livraisons ](/fr-be/pages/delivery)\n * [ Retours ](/fr-be/pages/returns)\n\n## Une newsletter pas comme les autres\n\n * [ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/CowboyHQ/)\n * [ YouTube ](https://www.youtube.com/c/COWBOYBikes/featured)\n\n[ ](/fr-be/)\n\n[ B Corp ](/fr-be/pages/b-corp)\n\n* * *\n\n * [ Terms of use ](/fr-be/pages/terms-of-use)\n * [ Data protection policy ](/fr-be/pages/privacy-policy)\n * \u00c2\u00a9 2025 Cowboy \n\n",
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n[ **Service?** Nu bij 200+ winkels \nof gewoon bij jou thuis. _Meer info_ ](/nl-be/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ Welke Cowboy is geschikt voor jou? \nDoe de quiz ](/nl-be/pages/which-cowboy-is-right-for-you)\n\n## Je winkelwagentje\n\nNiks te zien hier, maar [ een testride is dichtbij ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride/)\n.\n\n[ Fiets toevoegen ](/cart) [ Shop accessoires ](/collections/accessories)\n\n## Je winkelwagentje\n\nNiks te zien hier, maar [ een testride is dichtbij ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride/)\n.\n\n[ Fiets toevoegen ](/cart) [ Shop accessoires ](/collections/accessories)\n\n# Classic Maak kennis met het origineel\n\nVanaf \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 2.699\n\n[ Bestel nu vanaf \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 2.699 Bestel nu ](/nl-be/cart?model=classic) [ Boek\neen testrit Testritten ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride?model=classic#type)\n\nClassic vanaf \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 2.699\n\n## Maak kennis met de Classic en je hebt een wendbare rit gevonden met een\nongelooflijk snelle look. Krijg een duwtje in de rug op een e-bike die je op\nhet lijf geschreven staat.\n\n[ Configureer ](/nl-be/cart?model=classic) [ Boek een gratis testrit ](/nl-\nbe/pages/test-ride?model=classic#type)\n\n[ **200+ servicevestigingen** Deskundige reparaties bij jou in de buurt \u00e2\u0080\u0093 of\ngewoon bij je thuis. ](/nl-be/pages/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ **Slimme diefstaldetectie** Blijf dieven voor met GPS-tracking en\nwaarschuwingen. ](/nl-be/products/connect)\n\n[ **2 jaar garantie** Gedekt waar het telt. Zorgeloos rijden. ](/nl-\nbe/products/warranty)\n\n[ **Flexibele betaling** Betaal in 3 keer zonder rente, of lease een Cowboy.\n](/nl-be/pages/payment-methods)\n\n## Classic hoogtepunten\n\nGeoptimaliseerd voor riders van 170-195\u00c2 cm lang\n\nRecht stuur\n\nSport zadel\n\nGestroomlijnde cockpit\n\nAktive Sitzposition\n\nSportieve rit\n\nStep-over frame\n\n> \" De fiets is gewoon subliem \" Cowboy rider Hilde\n\n> \" Een stijlvolle minimalistische e-bike als je van moderne snufjes houdt \"\n> Cowboy rider Jurrian\n\n> \" Heerlijke fiets. Geen versnellingen, geen standen, rijdt bijzonder goed. \"\n> Cowboy rider Dirk-Jan\n\n> \" Top fiets, goede kwaliteit en super design \" Cowboy rider Miguel\n\n> \" Het is een bijzondere ervaring om te fietsen met een krachtsensor \" Cowboy\n> rider Rajco\n\nCowboy rider Hilde\n\nCowboy rider Jurrian\n\nCowboy rider Dirk-Jan\n\nCowboy rider Miguel\n\nCowboy rider Rajco\n\n### Geconnecteerde rit\n\nHou je stevig vast aan het gestroomlijnde stuur, dat uitloopt in de cockpit.\nBevestig je telefoon om hem draadloos op te laden en naadloos verbonden te\nblijven\n\n### Cowboy AdaptivePower\u00e2\u0084\u00a2\n\n### Verwijderbare Batterij\n\nMet zo'n gestroomlijnd uiterlijk wil je je Cowboy in de gaten houden om te\ncontroleren of hij veilig is. Verzeker hem, volg hem en rijd met een gerust\nhart.\n\nWelke Cowboy is geschikt voor jou? Doe onze quiz om meer te weten te komen\n\n### Auto Lock\n\n### GPS tracking\n\nMet een ge\u00c3\u00afntegreerde cockpit en gestroomlijnd stuur geeft de Cruiser je een\nsportieve zithouding op een gestroomlijnd step-over frame. Ga rechtop zitten\nen leun in om rechtdoor te gaan.\n\n * Sportzadel \n\n * Gestroomlijnde cockpit en stuur \n\nStem je fiets af \nop je rijstijl\n\nEen Cowboy fiets is mooi aan de binnen- en buitenkant. Elk detail gaat\nnaadloos op in het frame, ontworpen naar de hoogste standaarden.\n\n### Stijlvolle details\n\nMet elk detail is rekening gehouden, gebouwd om de elementen te weerstaan.\n\n### Vakmanschap\n\nDankzij zijn hoogwaardige design verdiende Cowboy zijn strepen bij onze riders\nen designcritici.\n\n### Materialen\n\nHoogwaardige materialen worden gebruikt voor elk detail, zowel aan de\noppervlakte als binnenin.\n\n### Uitgerust voor vertrek\n\nOp maat gemaakte accessoires voor een verbluffende veelzijdigheid op de weg,\nsamen met reserveonderdelen wanneer je die nodig hebt.\n\n[ Ontdek de accessoires ](/nl-be/collections/accessories)\n\n> \" Dankzij Cowboys laatste e-bike update zag ik de mobiliteit van de toekomst\n> \" GQ\n\n> \" De 30 beste luxe tech gadgets aller tijden \" The Times\n\n> \" De gedroomde e-bike voor elke minimalist \" TIME\n\n> \" Een wonder van design \" Frandroid\n\n> \" Beste uitvindingen 2022 \" TIME\n\nGQ\n\nThe Times\n\nTIME\n\nFrandroid\n\nTIME\n\n## Jij zit aan het stuur\n\nEen van de blikvangers is de uitneembare batterij die in het frame zit, het\nenige wat je moet meenemen om te laden. Als je klaar bent om weer te rijden,\nklik je haar vast en ben je vertrokken.\n\n * * Laadtijd: 2 u 54 min \n * Lichtgewicht \n\n### Voorspellende Meldingen\n\nOnze geavanceerde technologie berekent de autonomie van je fiets op basis van\nje rijgedrag. Ontvang meldingen wanneer het tijd is om op te laden of over te\nschakelen naar de Eco-kracht, zodat je optimaal kunt presteren.\n\n## Nieuw bij Cowboy? De ultieme gids voor Cowboy\n\nAlles wat je moet weten over de ultieme geconnecteerde e-bike.\n\n## Cowboy AdaptivePower\u00e2\u0084\u00a2 Super. Natuurlijk.\n\nDankzij AdaptivePower denkt deze fiets zelfstandig. Bij elke welke weerstand\nop de weg past hij zich aan de omgeving aan. Krijg een extra kick wanneer je\nhet nodig hebt en geniet van een soepele rit.\n\n[ Bekijk de technologie ](/nl-be/pages/adaptive-power)\n\nDe bijgewerkte AdaptivePower 2.0 zorgt voor een drastische verbetering van het\ncontextuele bewustzijn dat in de motor is ingebouwd om elke verandering in\nomstandigheden of terrein met meer precisie dan ooit aan te voelen.\n\n### Klimmen\n\nMaak contact met een verandering in helling en je vliegt met dezelfde snelheid\nals voorheen de heuvel op.\n\n### Tegenwind\n\nVang tegenwind terwijl de fiets de kracht van de wind voelt om je de extra\nkracht te geven die je nodig hebt om door de wind te snijden.\n\n### Zwaartekracht\n\nPak veel spullen op de fiets en je wordt opgetild om het extra gewicht\nmoeiteloos aan te kunnen.\n\n### AdaptivePower-technologie\n\nMet een weerstandsfactor die is ingebouwd in de aangepaste technologie van de\nmotor, geeft de fiets je een consistent vermogensniveau om je snelheid te\nbehouden of een extra duwtje in de rug te krijgen bergopwaarts.\n\n[ Meer info ](/nl-be/pages/adaptive-power)\n\nJe hebt gezien hoe AdaptivePower werkt, voel nu hoe het rijdt. Probeer het\ngratis uit. Op elk moment en elke dag komen we bij je langs.\n\n## Je fiets schakelt automatisch aan en uit, en je telefoon wordt draadloos\nopgeladen op de cockpit voor een moeiteloze rit van start tot finish.\n\n## Je hebt je match gevonden\n\n### Slimme partner\n\nDeze trouwe partner blijft gefocust op de weg. Zo gaat niets aan je voorbij.\n\n### Navigatie\n\nDeze trouwe partner blijft gefocust op de weg. Zo gaat niets aan je voorbij.\n\n### Dashboard\n\nWaar je ook heen gaat, wij nemen je mee via de gezondste routes.\n\nOntgrendel het ware potentieel van je rit met Connect. Ga de strijd aan met\nandere riders met In-Ride games, vier je vooruitgang met milestones en wees\ngerust met GPS-tracking en Theft Alerts.\n\n### Share My Ride\n\nJe vrienden en familie kunnen je rit in real time volgen. Deel je rit en\nbekijk hun reacties van vertrek tot aankomst.\n\n### Waarschuwingen\n\nTerwijl jij rijdt, gaan wij op zoek naar gevaarlijke kruispunten op je route.\nAls we op 60 meter afstand een hotspot detecteren, raden we je aan om\nlangzamer te rijden.\n\n### Fitness en Smartwatch\n\nSynchroniseer automatisch met Apple Health en Strava en geef je rit een impuls\nmet Apple\u00c2 Watch of Wear\u00c2 OS Cowboy apps\n\n### Connect\n\nConnect berust exclusief op het Google Maps platform en is ge\u00c3\u00afntegreerd met\nStrava en Apple\u00c2 Watch. Zo haal je nog meer uit je rit.\n\n[ Ontdek ](/nl-be/products/connect)\n\nBekijk je ritstatistieken in een oogopslag terwijl je Cowboy-profiel vorm\nkrijgt. Vergelijk je prestaties met die van andere riders en laat je\ncompetitiedrang naar boven komen.\n\n### Profielen\n\nJe unieke fietsprestaties tonen jou en de community hoe je graag fietst.\n\n### Prestaties\n\nVerzamel badges voor je prestaties en deel ze met trots.\n\n### Groepen\n\nSamen bereik je veel meer. Zoek andere riders met dezelfde interesses of\nachtergrond en ga samen op weg.\n\n### Prestaties\n\nVerzamel badges voor je prestaties en deel ze met trots.\n\n# Berlin\n\nSamen met 565 riders\n\nDe app is beschikbaar in het Engels, Nederlands, Frans en Duits.\n\n### Groepen\n\nSamen bereik je veel meer. Zoek andere riders met dezelfde interesses of\nachtergrond en ga samen op weg.\n\n### Profielen\n\nJe unieke fietsprestaties tonen jou en de community hoe je graag fietst.\n\nVolg je fiets in de app vanaf elke plek en word gewaarschuwd als hij ooit\nzonder jou onderweg is. Dankzij de combinatie van ingebouwde sensoren en de\nGPS Tracking blijf je steeds op de hoogte.\n\n### Find My Bike\n\nControleer of je Cowboy veilig vergrendeld is in de buurt. Dankzij GPS\nTracking weet je steeds de precieze locatie van je fiets.\n\n### Theft Alerts\n\nOntvang diefstalmeldingen* als iemand je fiets probeert te stelen. Dankzij GPS\ntracking volg je elke beweging van je fiets op de voet.\n\n[ Inbegrepen bij Cowboy Connect ](/nl-be/products/connect)\n\n### Veiligheidswaarschuwingen en crashdetectie\n\nDe app signaleert crash-hotspots langs je route en fietssensoren detecteren\nelke val om je noodcontacten op de hoogte te stellen.\n\n### Find My Bike\n\nControleer of je Cowboy veilig vergrendeld is in de buurt. Dankzij GPS\nTracking weet je steeds de precieze locatie van je fiets.\n\n### Veiligheidswaarschuwingen en crashdetectie\n\nDe app signaleert crash-hotspots langs je route en fietssensoren detecteren\nelke val om je noodcontacten op de hoogte te stellen.\n\n### Theft Alerts\n\nOntvang diefstalmeldingen* als iemand je fiets probeert te stelen. Dankzij GPS\ntracking volg je elke beweging van je fiets op de voet.\n\n### Tot je dienst\n\nCowboy staat altijd en overal voor je klaar. Maak gebruik van onze\nklantenservice via de app, extra bescherming met ons verzekeringsplan en een\nnetwerk van technici onderweg en thuis.\n\n[ Ontdek onze diensten ](/nl-be/collections/services/)\n\nKies een e-bike uit onze prijswinnaars die bij je stijl past.\n\n| | | | | \n---|---|---|---|---|--- \n| Classic Actieve zithouding voor een responsieve rit | Cruiser Comfortabele, rechte zithouding | Cruiser\u00c2 ST Lage instap en ontspannen zithouding | Cross Veringscomfort en groter bereik | Cross\u00c2 ST Lage instap, vering en groter bereik \nZithouding | Actief | Ontspannen | Ontspannen | Ontspannen | Ontspannen \nLengte van de fietser | Geschikt voor fietsers van 170\u00e2\u0080\u0093195 cm | Geschikt voor fietsers van 170\u00e2\u0080\u0093195 cm | Geschikt voor fietsers van 165\u00e2\u0080\u0093190 cm | Geschikt voor fietsers van 165\u00e2\u0080\u0093195 cm | Geschikt voor fietsers van 155\u00e2\u0080\u0093195 cm \nUitneembare batterij | Actieradius van 40\u00e2\u0080\u009390 km | Actieradius van 40\u00e2\u0080\u009390 km | Actieradius van 40\u00e2\u0080\u009390 km | Actieradius van 60\u00e2\u0080\u0093120 km | Actieradius van 60\u00e2\u0080\u0093120 km \nTotaalgewicht van de fiets | 19,0 kg | 19,4 kg | 19,3 kg | 27,9 kg | 26,5 kg \nType stuur | Recht stuur | Gebogen stuur | Gebogen stuur | Gebogen stuur | Gebogen stuur \nStuurbreedte | 54 cm | 62 cm | 57 cm | 57 cm | 57 cm \nType zadel | Sport | Comfort | Comfort | Comfort | Comfort \nTrapfrequentie | Overbrengingsverhouding 2,86 (60/21) | Overbrengingsverhouding 3,00 (60/20) | Overbrengingsverhouding 2,71 (57/21) | Overbrengingsverhouding 2,86 (60/21) | Overbrengingsverhouding 2,86 (60/21) \nOndersteunde snelheid | Ondersteuning tot 25 km/u | Ondersteuning tot 25 km/u | Ondersteuning tot 25 km/u | Ondersteuning tot 25 km/u | Ondersteuning tot 25 km/u \n| | [ Ontdek ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser) | [ Ontdek ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st) | [ Ontdek ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross) | [ Ontdek ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st) \n \nFrame | Aluminium 6061 \n---|--- \nVork | Aluminium 6061 \nRemmen | Tektro Brake System \nRemblokjes | Shimano B05S \nMotor | Custom design 45 Nm / 250 W motor, ge\u00c3\u00afntegreerd in het achterwiel \nSnelheid ondersteuning | tot 25 km/u \nConnectiviteit | Bluetooth Low Energy \nBatterij | 2,4 kg gewicht, Verwijderbare lithium-ion batterij \nLader | Aangepast design 36V \nMobiele app | iOS en Android, veilig, digitaal vergrendelen/ontgrendelen via de persoonlijke app. \nInbegrepen in de doos | 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm en 6 mm inbussleutels, gordelsleutel, 4x spaakreflectoren, achterreflector, bel \nDimensies \n \n## Zie de Classic op de straten\n\n[ Volg ons op Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n\n## Subsidies Hoeveel gaat u besparen?\n\nBesparen op een nieuwe Cowboy met een lokale subsidie.\n\n## Always time \nto ride\n\nKoop de jouwe vanaf \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 2.699\n\n[ Bestel nu ](/nl-be/cart?model=classic) [ Boek een testrit ](/nl-\nbe/pages/test-ride?model=classic#type)\n\n## Ontdek\n\n * [ Classic ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic)\n * [ Cruiser ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser)\n * [ Cruiser ST ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st)\n * [ Cross ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross)\n * [ Cross ST ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st)\n * [ Circular ](/nl-be/collections/circular)\n * [ Accessoires & onderdelen ](/nl-be/collections/accessories)\n * [ Boek een testrit ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride)\n\n## Services\n\n * [ Care ](/nl-be/products/cowboy-care)\n * [ Diefstalverzekering ](/nl-be/products/theft-insurance)\n * [ Betalingsmethoden ](/nl-be/pages/payment-methods)\n * [ Leasing ](/nl-be/pages/lease-a-cowboy)\n * [ Garantie ](/nl-be/products/warranty)\n * [ Business ](/nl-be/pages/business)\n * [ Studenten ](/nl-be/pages/student-program)\n\n## Over ons\n\n * [ Reviews ](/nl-be/blogs/reviews)\n * [ Pers ](/nl-be/blogs/press)\n * [ Blog ](/nl-be/blogs/stories)\n * [ Winkels ](/nl-be/pages/stores)\n * [ Vacatures ](/nl-be/pages/careers)\n * [ Affiliate-programma ](/nl-be/pages/affiliate)\n\n## Help\n\n * [ Contact ](/nl-be/pages/contact-us)\n * [ FAQ ](https://help.cowboy.com)\n * [ Levering ](/nl-be/pages/delivery)\n * [ Retourneren ](/nl-be/pages/returns)\n\n## Geen nieuwsbrief zoals alle anderen\n\n * [ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/CowboyHQ/)\n * [ YouTube ](https://www.youtube.com/c/COWBOYBikes/featured)\n\n[ ](/nl-be/)\n\n[ B Corp ](/nl-be/pages/b-corp)\n\n* * *\n\n * [ Terms of use ](/nl-be/pages/terms-of-use)\n * [ Data protection policy ](/nl-be/pages/privacy-policy)\n * \u00c2\u00a9 2025 Cowboy \n\n",
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n[ **Service\u00c2 ?** D\u00c3\u00a9sormais dans plus de 200 magasins \nou chez vous. _En savoir plus_ ](/fr-be/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ Quel Cowboy vous convient le mieux\u00c2 ? \nCommencez le quiz ](/fr-be/pages/which-cowboy-is-right-for-you)\n\n## Votre panier\n\nIl n'y a rien par ici, mais [ il y a des test rides par-l\u00c3 ](/fr-\nbe/pages/test-ride/) .\n\n[ Ajouter un v\u00c3\u00a9lo ](/cart) [ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez les accessoires\n](/collections/accessories)\n\n## Votre panier\n\nIl n'y a rien par ici, mais [ il y a des test rides par-l\u00c3 ](/fr-\nbe/pages/test-ride/) .\n\n[ Ajouter un v\u00c3\u00a9lo ](/cart) [ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez les accessoires\n](/collections/accessories)\n\n# Cruiser Roulez tout confort\n\n\u00c3\u0080 partir de 2\u00e2\u0080\u00af999\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\n\n[ Commandez \u00c3 partir de 2\u00e2\u0080\u00af999\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Commandez maintenant ](/fr-\nbe/cart?model=cruiser) [ R\u00c3\u00a9servez un essai Essais ](/fr-be/pages/test-\nride?model=cruiser#type)\n\nCruiser \u00c3 partir de 2\u00e2\u0080\u00af999\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\n\n## Le Cruiser est une version sur\u00c3\u00a9lev\u00c3\u00a9e du Cowboy classique. Une position\nplus droite pour un maximum de confort gr\u00c3\u00a2ce \u00c3 ce v\u00c3\u00a9lo \u00c3\u00a9lectrique con\u00c3\u00a7u\npour vous.\n\n[ Configurez ](/fr-be/cart?model=cruiser) [ R\u00c3\u00a9servez un essai gratuit ](/fr-\nbe/pages/test-ride?model=cruiser#type)\n\n## \u00c3\u0089dition limit\u00c3\u00a9e\n\nLe printemps arrive avec la nouvelle couleur **Aube** .\n\n### \u00c3\u0089dition Limit\u00c3\u00a9e \u00e2\u0080\u0093 teinte Aube\n\nSaisissez l'opportunit\u00c3\u00a9 de briller avec notre \u00c3\u0089dition Limit\u00c3\u00a9e. R\u00c3\u00a9servez le\nv\u00c3\u00b4tre d\u00c3\u00a8s maintenant.\n\n[ Acheter maintenant ](/fr-be/cart?model=cruiser)\n\n[ **Plus de 200 points de service** Des r\u00c3\u00a9parations expertes \u00c3 proximit\u00c3\u00a9. Ou\ndirectement \u00c3 votre porte. ](/fr-be/pages/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ **D\u00c3\u00a9tection de vol de pointe** Gardez l'avantage avec le suivi GPS et les\nalertes de vol. ](/fr-be/products/connect)\n\n[ **Garantie de 2 ans** Prot\u00c3\u00a9g\u00c3\u00a9 l\u00c3 o\u00c3\u00b9 \u00c3\u00a7a compte. L'esprit tranquille\ngaranti. ](/fr-be/products/warranty)\n\n[ **Paiement en plusieurs fois** Payez en 3 fois sans frais ou louez un\nCowboy. ](/fr-be/pages/payment-methods)\n\n## Avantages de Cruiser\n\nOptimis\u00c3\u00a9e pour les cyclistes mesurant entre 170-195\u00c2 cm\n\nGuidon incurv\u00c3\u00a9\n\nSelle confort\n\nCockpit sur\u00c3\u00a9lev\u00c3\u00a9\n\nPosition droite\n\nKomfortable fahrt\n\nCadre classique\n\n> \" Magnifique v\u00c3\u00a9lo \" Cowboy rider Wei Ki\n\n> \" Le v\u00c3\u00a9lo est non seulement \u00c3\u00a9l\u00c3\u00a9gant et facile \u00c3 conduire, mais \u00c3\u00a9galement\n> \u00c3\u00a9quip\u00c3\u00a9 de fonctionnalit\u00c3\u00a9s innovantes \" Cowboy rider Julie\n\n> \" Quel plaisir de rouler. L'app est g\u00c3\u00a9niale. On se sent aussi en s\u00c3\u00a9curit\u00c3\u00a9\n> gr\u00c3\u00a2ce aux freins et aux pneus larges \" Cowboy rider J\u00c3\u00a9r\u00c3\u00b4me\n\n> \" Conduite tr\u00c3\u00a8s intuitive, batterie amovible, super design \" Cowboy rider\n> Julie\n\n> \" V\u00c3\u00a9lo fantastique, un plaisir quotidien \" Cowboy rider\n\nCowboy rider Wei Ki\n\nCowboy rider Julie\n\nCowboy rider J\u00c3\u00a9r\u00c3\u00b4me\n\nCowboy rider Julie\n\nCowboy rider\n\n### Trajet connect\u00c3\u00a9\n\nLe guidon incurv\u00c3\u00a9 se d\u00c3\u00a9ploie autour du cockpit et offre une bonne prise en\nmain. Fixez votre t\u00c3\u00a9l\u00c3\u00a9phone pour le recharger sans fil et restez connect\u00c3\u00a9\nen permanence\n\n### Cowboy AdaptivePower\u00e2\u0084\u00a2\n\n### Batterie amovible\n\nAvec une allure aussi \u00c3\u00a9l\u00c3\u00a9gante, vous voudrez garder un \u00c5\u0093il sur votre Cowboy\npour v\u00c3\u00a9rifier qu'il est en s\u00c3\u00a9curit\u00c3\u00a9. Assurez-le, tracez-le et roulez\nl'esprit tranquille.\n\nQuel Cowboy vous convient le mieux\u00c2 ? R\u00c3\u00a9pondez \u00c3 notre quiz pour en savoir\nplus\n\n### Auto Lock\n\n### Suivi GPS\n\nAvec son cockpit sur\u00c3\u00a9lev\u00c3\u00a9 et son guidon incurv\u00c3\u00a9, le cadre sport \u00c3\u00a9l\u00c3\u00a9gant\ndu Cruiser rend tous vos trajets confortables. Installez-vous sur la large\nselle et plus rien ne vous arr\u00c3\u00aatera.\n\n * Selle confort \n\n * Cockpit sur\u00c3\u00a9lev\u00c3\u00a9, guidon incurv\u00c3\u00a9 \n\nUne posture plus droite pour \nencore plus de style\n\nLes v\u00c3\u00a9los Cowboy sont con\u00c3\u00a7us pour \u00c3\u00aatre \u00c3\u00a9l\u00c3\u00a9gants \u00c3 l'int\u00c3\u00a9rieur comme \u00c3\nl'ext\u00c3\u00a9rieur. Chaque d\u00c3\u00a9tail s'int\u00c3\u00a8gre parfaitement sur le cadre et est de\nhaute qualit\u00c3\u00a9.\n\n### Le design en d\u00c3\u00a9tails\n\nChaque d\u00c3\u00a9tail a \u00c3\u00a9t\u00c3\u00a9 pris en compte, il est con\u00c3\u00a7u pour r\u00c3\u00a9sister longtemps\naux intemp\u00c3\u00a9ries.\n\n### Savoir-faire\n\nGr\u00c3\u00a2ce \u00c3 l'excellence de Cowboy en mati\u00c3\u00a8re d'ing\u00c3\u00a9nierie, aussi bien les\nriders que les experts en design nous font confiance.\n\n### Mat\u00c3\u00a9riaux\n\nChaque \u00c3\u00a9l\u00c3\u00a9ment visible ou invisible est construit, dans des mat\u00c3\u00a9riaux de\nqualit\u00c3\u00a9 sup\u00c3\u00a9rieure.\n\n### Toujours \u00c3\u00a9quip\u00c3\u00a9\n\nDes accessoires personnalis\u00c3\u00a9s pour une \u00c3\u00a9tonnante versatilit\u00c3\u00a9 sur la route,\nainsi que des pi\u00c3\u00a8ces d\u00c3\u00a9tach\u00c3\u00a9es lorsque vous en avez besoin.\n\n[ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez les accessoires ](/fr-be/collections/accessories)\n\n> \" Le meilleur v\u00c3\u00a9lo \u00c3\u00a9lectrique pour les navetteurs \" TechCrunch\n\n> \" La chose la plus cool de la semaine \" GQ\n\n> \" Il y a un nouveau v\u00c3\u00a9lo \u00c3\u00a9lectrique en ville \" Wallpaper\n\n> \" Un v\u00c3\u00a9lo \u00c3\u00a9lectrique plus confortable pour un usage quotidien \" The Verge\n\n> \" Une merveille de design \" Frandroid\n\nTechCrunch\n\nGQ\n\nWallpaper\n\nThe Verge\n\nFrandroid\n\n## Vous \u00c3\u00aates aux commandes\n\nL'un des points forts du design est la batterie amovible int\u00c3\u00a9gr\u00c3\u00a9e au cadre.\nIl vous suffit de l'emporter pour la charger et de la remettre en place pour\nvotre prochain trajet.\n\n * * Temps de charge de 2h 54min \n * L\u00c3\u00a9g\u00c3\u00a8re \n\n### Alertes pr\u00c3\u00a9dictives\n\nNotre technologie avanc\u00c3\u00a9e calcule l'autonomie de votre v\u00c3\u00a9lo en fonction de\nvotre mani\u00c3\u00a8re de rouler. Vous recevez des notifications en temps voulu\nlorsqu'il est temps de recharger votre batterie ou de passer en Puissance\n\u00c3\u00a9co, pour une efficacit\u00c3\u00a9 optimale.\n\n## Le guide ultime Combien pouvez-vous \u00c3\u00a9conomiser\u00c2 ?\n\nTout ce que vous devez savoir sur le v\u00c3\u00a9lo \u00c3\u00a9lectrique connect\u00c3\u00a9 ultime.\n\n## Cowboy AdaptivePower\u00e2\u0084\u00a2 Super. Naturel.\n\nGr\u00c3\u00a2ce \u00c3 sa technologie AdaptivePower, ce v\u00c3\u00a9lo est autonome. Si vous\nrencontrez une quelconque r\u00c3\u00a9sistance sur la route, le Cowboy s'adapte\ninstantan\u00c3\u00a9ment \u00c3 ce qui vous entoure. Gagnez en puissance lorsque vous en\navez le plus besoin et roulez l'esprit tranquille.\n\n[ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez la technologie ](/fr-be/pages/adaptive-power)\n\nLa mise \u00c3 jour AdaptivePower 2.0 am\u00c3\u00a9liore consid\u00c3\u00a9rablement la sensibilit\u00c3\u00a9 \u00c3\nl'environnement int\u00c3\u00a9gr\u00c3\u00a9e au syst\u00c3\u00a8me pour d\u00c3\u00a9tecter tout changement dans vos\nconditions de route avec plus de pr\u00c3\u00a9cision que jamais.\n\n### D\u00c3\u00a9nivel\u00c3\u00a9\n\nSi l'inclinaison de la pente augmente, vous remonterez la pente sans ralentir.\n\n### Vent de face\n\nLe v\u00c3\u00a9lo d\u00c3\u00a9tecte la force du vent et vous donne la puissance suppl\u00c3\u00a9mentaire\ndont vous avez besoin pour le traverser.\n\n### Gravit\u00c3\u00a9\n\nEmportez tout votre \u00c3\u00a9quipement sur le v\u00c3\u00a9lo et vous serez soutenu pour\nsupporter le poids suppl\u00c3\u00a9mentaire sans probl\u00c3\u00a8me.\n\n### Technologie AdaptivePower\n\nGr\u00c3\u00a2ce \u00c3 un capteur de r\u00c3\u00a9sistance int\u00c3\u00a9gr\u00c3\u00a9 \u00c3 la technologie sur mesure du\nmoteur, le v\u00c3\u00a9lo vous offre un niveau de puissance constant pour maintenir\nvotre vitesse ou prendre de l'\u00c3\u00a9lan dans les mont\u00c3\u00a9es.\n\n[ En savoir plus ](/fr-be/pages/adaptive-power)\n\nVous avez vu comment fonctionne la technologie AdaptivePower, maintenant\nessayez-la gratuitement. Nous venons \u00c3 vous.\n\n## Votre v\u00c3\u00a9lo s'allume et s'\u00c3\u00a9teint automatiquement et votre t\u00c3\u00a9l\u00c3\u00a9phone se\nrecharge sans fil dans le cockpit pour une conduite sans effort du d\u00c3\u00a9but \u00c3 la\nfin.\n\n## Vous avez trouv\u00c3\u00a9 votre moiti\u00c3\u00a9\n\n### Compagnon de route\n\nAvec un alli\u00c3\u00a9 constamment connect\u00c3\u00a9 \u00c3 la route, vous ridez bien inform\u00c3\u00a9(e).\n\n### Navigation\n\nO\u00c3\u00b9 que vous alliez, nous vous guidons vers vos destinations pr\u00c3\u00a9f\u00c3\u00a9r\u00c3\u00a9es en\ngardant l'\u00c5\u0093il sur le meilleur itin\u00c3\u00a9raire.\n\n### Un esprit sain dans un corps sain. Nous vous montrons ce que vous avez\naccompli \u00c3 chaque trajet.\n\nTableau de bord\n\nVoyez le vrai potentiel de votre trajet avec Connect. Affrontez d'autres\nriders avec les In-Ride Games, c\u00c3\u00a9l\u00c3\u00a9brez vos progr\u00c3\u00a8s avec les Milestones et\nsoyez tranquille avec le suivi GPS et les Theft Alerts.\n\n### Share My Ride\n\nVos proches peuvent suivre vos trajets en temps r\u00c3\u00a9el. Choisissez de partager\nvotre trajet et ils pourront r\u00c3\u00a9agir pendant que vous p\u00c3\u00a9dalez.\n\n### Alertes pr\u00c3\u00a9dictives\n\nPar beau ou mauvais temps (qu'il pleuve, neige ou gr\u00c3\u00aale), les alertes m\u00c3\u00a9t\u00c3\u00a9o\nen direct et les mises \u00c3 jour sur la qualit\u00c3\u00a9 de l'air vous accompagnent dans\ntous vos d\u00c3\u00a9placements\n\n### Assistance fitness et Apple\u00c2 Watch\n\nSynchronisez automatiquement vos trajets avec Apple Health et Strava et\ncompl\u00c3\u00a9tez-les avec les applications Apple\u00c2 Watch ou Wear\u00c2 OS Cowboy\n\n### Connect\n\nCon\u00c3\u00a7u sp\u00c3\u00a9cifiquement pour Google Maps et int\u00c3\u00a9gr\u00c3\u00a9 \u00c3 Strava et Apple\u00c2 Watch,\nConnect partage avec vous toutes les informations sur vos trajets.\n\n[ Explorez ](/fr-be/products/connect)\n\nConsultez vos statistiques en un coup d'\u00c5\u0093il tandis que votre profil Cowboy\n\u00c3\u00a9volue. Vous pouvez comparer vos performances \u00c3 celles des autres riders dans\nvotre fil d'actualit\u00c3\u00a9 tout en attisant votre esprit de comp\u00c3\u00a9tition.\n\n### Profils\n\nVos caract\u00c3\u00a9ristiques uniques de cycliste vous montrent, ainsi qu'\u00c3 votre\ncommunaut\u00c3\u00a9, comment vous aimez rider.\n\n### Accomplissements\n\nCollectionnez les badges \u00c3 chaque \u00c3\u00a9tape parcourue et arborez-les fi\u00c3\u00a8rement.\n\n### Groupes\n\nPlus on est de fous, plus on rit. Rejoignez d'autres riders qui partagent vos\ncentres d'int\u00c3\u00a9r\u00c3\u00aat ou votre environnement.\n\n### Accomplissements\n\nCollectionnez les badges \u00c3 chaque \u00c3\u00a9tape parcourue et arborez-les fi\u00c3\u00a8rement.\n\n# Amsterdam\n\nRejoint par 565 riders\n\nL'application est disponible en anglais, allemand, fran\u00c3\u00a7ais et n\u00c3\u00a9erlandais.\n\n### Groupes\n\nPlus on est de fous, plus on rit. Rejoignez d'autres riders qui partagent vos\ncentres d'int\u00c3\u00a9r\u00c3\u00aat ou votre environnement.\n\n### Profils\n\nVos caract\u00c3\u00a9ristiques uniques de cycliste vous montrent, ainsi qu'\u00c3 votre\ncommunaut\u00c3\u00a9, comment vous aimez rider.\n\nSuivez votre v\u00c3\u00a9lo o\u00c3\u00b9 que vous soyez gr\u00c3\u00a2ce \u00c3 l'application. Elle vous alerte\nsi votre Cowboy se d\u00c3\u00a9place sans vous. Les d\u00c3\u00a9tecteurs int\u00c3\u00a9gr\u00c3\u00a9s et le GPS\ns'allient pour vous informer. Ridez l'esprit tranquille.\n\n### Find My Bike\n\nV\u00c3\u00a9rifiez que votre v\u00c3\u00a9lo est bien verrouill\u00c3\u00a9 \u00c3 proximit\u00c3\u00a9 ou suivez tous ses\nmouvements avec le tra\u00c3\u00a7age GPS.\n\n### Theft Alerts\n\nLes alertes vol vous informent si quelqu'un essaie de voler votre v\u00c3\u00a9lo. Le\nsuivi GPS en temps r\u00c3\u00a9el vous aidera \u00c3 le r\u00c3\u00a9cup\u00c3\u00a9rer.\n\n[ inclus avec Cowboy Connect ](/fr-be/products/connect)\n\n### Alertes de s\u00c3\u00a9curit\u00c3\u00a9 et d\u00c3\u00a9tection des collisions\n\nL'appli signale les points n\u00c3\u00a9vralgiques des collisions le long de votre\nitin\u00c3\u00a9raire et les capteurs du v\u00c3\u00a9lo d\u00c3\u00a9tectent toute chute pour avertir vos\ncontacts d'urgence.\n\n### Find My Bike\n\nV\u00c3\u00a9rifiez que votre v\u00c3\u00a9lo est bien verrouill\u00c3\u00a9 \u00c3 proximit\u00c3\u00a9 ou suivez tous ses\nmouvements avec le tra\u00c3\u00a7age GPS.\n\n### Alertes de s\u00c3\u00a9curit\u00c3\u00a9 et d\u00c3\u00a9tection des collisions\n\nL'appli signale les points n\u00c3\u00a9vralgiques des collisions le long de votre\nitin\u00c3\u00a9raire et les capteurs du v\u00c3\u00a9lo d\u00c3\u00a9tectent toute chute pour avertir vos\ncontacts d'urgence.\n\n### Theft Alerts\n\nLes alertes vol vous informent si quelqu'un essaie de voler votre v\u00c3\u00a9lo. Le\nsuivi GPS en temps r\u00c3\u00a9el vous aidera \u00c3 le r\u00c3\u00a9cup\u00c3\u00a9rer.\n\n### \u00c3\u0080 votre service\n\nCowboy est l\u00c3 pour vous \u00c3 chaque virage. L'app vous propose une assistance,\nune protection suppl\u00c3\u00a9mentaire avec votre couverture d'assurance et un r\u00c3\u00a9seau\nde techniciens sur la route et chez vous.\n\n[ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez nos services ](/fr-be/collections/services/)\n\nParcourez notre gamme de v\u00c3\u00a9los \u00c3\u00a9lectriques prim\u00c3\u00a9s pour trouver celui qui\nvous correspond.\n\n| | | | | \n---|---|---|---|---|--- \n| Cruiser Position d\u00c3\u00a9tendue pour une conduite confortable | Cruiser\u00c2 ST Cadre ouvert et position d\u00c3\u00a9tendue | Classic Position active pour une conduite r\u00c3\u00a9active | Cross Confort de suspension et autonomie accrue | Cross\u00c2 ST Cadre ouvert, suspension et autonomie accrue \nPosition de conduite | D\u00c3\u00a9tendue | D\u00c3\u00a9tendue | Active | D\u00c3\u00a9tendue | D\u00c3\u00a9tendue \nTaille du cycliste | Adapt\u00c3\u00a9 aux cyclistes de 170 \u00c3 195 cm | Adapt\u00c3\u00a9 aux cyclistes de 165 \u00c3 190 cm | Adapt\u00c3\u00a9 aux cyclistes de 170 \u00c3 195 cm | Adapt\u00c3\u00a9 aux cyclistes de 165 \u00c3 195 cm | Adapt\u00c3\u00a9 aux cyclistes de 155 \u00c3 195 cm \nBatterie amovible | Autonomie de 40 \u00c3 90 km | Autonomie de 40 \u00c3 90 km | Autonomie de 40 \u00c3 90 km | Autonomie de 60 \u00c3 120 km | Autonomie de 60 \u00c3 120 km \nPoids total du v\u00c3\u00a9lo | 19,4 kg | 19,3 kg | 19,0 kg | 27,9 kg | 26,5 kg \nType de guidon | Guidon courb\u00c3\u00a9 | Guidon courb\u00c3\u00a9 | Guidon droit | Guidon courb\u00c3\u00a9 | Guidon courb\u00c3\u00a9 \nLargeur du guidon | 62 cm | 57 cm | 54 cm | 57 cm | 57 cm \nType de selle | Confort | Confort | Sport | Confort | Confort \nCadence de p\u00c3\u00a9dalage | Ratio de transmission 3,00 (60/20) | Ratio de transmission 2,71 (57/21) | Ratio de transmission 2,86 (60/21) | Ratio de transmission 2,86 (60/21) | Ratio de transmission 2,86 (60/21) \nVitesse d'assistance max. | Assistance jusqu'\u00c3 25 km/h | Assistance jusqu'\u00c3 25 km/h | Assistance jusqu'\u00c3 25 km/h | Assistance jusqu'\u00c3 25 km/h | Assistance jusqu'\u00c3 25 km/h \n| | [ Explorez ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st) | [ Explorez ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic) | [ Explorez ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross) | [ Explorez ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st) \n \nCadre | Aluminium 6061 \n---|--- \nFourche | Aluminium 6061 \nFreins | Tektro Brake System \nPlaquettes de frein | Shimano B05S \nMoteur | Moteur custom 45 Nm / 250 W, int\u00c3\u00a9gr\u00c3\u00a9 au moyeu arri\u00c3\u00a8re \nVitesse d'assistance max. | jusqu'\u00c3 25 km/h \nConnectivit\u00c3\u00a9 | Bluetooth Faible consommation d'\u00c3\u00a9nergie \nBatterie | Poids 2,4 kg, Batterie amovible au lithium-ion \nChargeur | Mod\u00c3\u00a8le personnalis\u00c3\u00a9 36V \nApplication | iOS et Android. \nInclus dans la bo\u00c3\u00aete | Cl\u00c3\u00a9s Allen 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm et 6 mm, cl\u00c3\u00a9 \u00c3 courroie \nDimensions \n \n## Voyez ici le Cruiser en rue\n\n[ Suivez-nous sur Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n\n## Subventions Combien pouvez-vous \u00c3\u00a9conomiser\u00c2 ?\n\n\u00c3\u0089conomisez sur l'achat d'un nouveau Cowboy gr\u00c3\u00a2ce \u00c3 une subvention locale.\n\n## Rouler \nn'attend pas\n\nObtenez-le \u00c3 partir de 2\u00e2\u0080\u00af999\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\n\n[ Commandez maintenant ](/fr-be/cart?model=cruiser) [ R\u00c3\u00a9servez un essai\n](/fr-be/pages/test-ride?model=cruiser#type)\n\n## Explorez\n\n * [ Classic ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic)\n * [ Cruiser ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser)\n * [ Cruiser ST ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st)\n * [ Cross ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross)\n * [ Cross ST ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st)\n * [ Circular ](/fr-be/collections/circular)\n * [ Accessoires & pi\u00c3\u00a8ces ](/fr-be/collections/accessories)\n * [ R\u00c3\u00a9servez un essai ](/fr-be/pages/test-ride)\n\n## Services\n\n * [ Care ](/fr-be/products/cowboy-care)\n * [ Assurance vol ](/fr-be/products/theft-insurance)\n * [ M\u00c3\u00a9thodes de paiement ](/fr-be/pages/payment-methods)\n * [ Leasing ](/fr-be/pages/lease-a-cowboy)\n * [ Garantie ](/fr-be/products/warranty)\n * [ Business ](/fr-be/pages/business)\n * [ \u00c3\u0089tudiants ](/fr-be/pages/student-program)\n\n## \u00c3\u0080 propos\n\n * [ Avis ](/fr-be/blogs/reviews)\n * [ Presse ](/fr-be/blogs/press)\n * [ Blog ](/fr-be/blogs/stories)\n * [ Magasins ](/fr-be/pages/stores)\n * [ Carri\u00c3\u00a8res ](/fr-be/pages/careers)\n * [ Programme d'affiliation ](/fr-be/pages/affiliate)\n\n## Aide\n\n * [ Contact ](/fr-be/pages/contact-us)\n * [ FAQ ](https://help.cowboy.com)\n * [ Livraisons ](/fr-be/pages/delivery)\n * [ Retours ](/fr-be/pages/returns)\n\n## Une newsletter pas comme les autres\n\n * [ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/CowboyHQ/)\n * [ YouTube ](https://www.youtube.com/c/COWBOYBikes/featured)\n\n[ ](/fr-be/)\n\n[ B Corp ](/fr-be/pages/b-corp)\n\n* * *\n\n * [ Terms of use ](/fr-be/pages/terms-of-use)\n * [ Data protection policy ](/fr-be/pages/privacy-policy)\n * \u00c2\u00a9 2025 Cowboy \n\n",
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n[ **Service\u00c2 ?** D\u00c3\u00a9sormais dans plus de 200 magasins \nou chez vous. _En savoir plus_ ](/fr-be/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ Quel Cowboy vous convient le mieux\u00c2 ? \nCommencez le quiz ](/fr-be/pages/which-cowboy-is-right-for-you)\n\n## Votre panier\n\nIl n'y a rien par ici, mais [ il y a des test rides par-l\u00c3 ](/fr-\nbe/pages/test-ride/) .\n\n[ Ajouter un v\u00c3\u00a9lo ](/cart) [ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez les accessoires\n](/collections/accessories)\n\n## Votre panier\n\nIl n'y a rien par ici, mais [ il y a des test rides par-l\u00c3 ](/fr-\nbe/pages/test-ride/) .\n\n[ Ajouter un v\u00c3\u00a9lo ](/cart) [ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez les accessoires\n](/collections/accessories)\n\n# Designed in Belgium, now assembled in France\n\n18 f\u00c3\u00a9vrier 2025\n\n[ Blog ](/fr-be/blogs/stories)\n\nThis is the next chapter for Cowboy. **We've moved our assembly to France** .\n\nOur future is now closer to home - and more importantly, **closer to our\nriders** .\n\nSome riders waited longer than expected, so we took decisive action.\n\n * We're backing French cycling heritage. \n * We're investing more than ever in precision engineering. \n * We're working with expert craftsmen who have built bikes for generations - and are now shaping the future of urban mobility. \n\nOur e-bikes blend smart technology with premium design, requiring exacting\nstandards every step of the way.\n\nBy assembling close to home, we can meet the highest standards of **quality,\nreliability, and safety** \\- while delivering faster than ever.\n\nWith French assembly ramping up, bikes are already shipping across Europe.\nOnce we reach full capacity, **deliveries will be made within days** .\n\nIn the meantime, you can order a Cowboy for April.\n\nYou could settle for average, but **Cowboy riders don't do average** .\n\n**A Cowboy is worth the wait.**\n\n[ Commandez maintenant ](/fr-be/cart)\n\n## Explorez\n\n * [ Classic ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic)\n * [ Cruiser ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser)\n * [ Cruiser ST ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st)\n * [ Cross ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross)\n * [ Cross ST ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st)\n * [ Circular ](/fr-be/collections/circular)\n * [ Accessoires & pi\u00c3\u00a8ces ](/fr-be/collections/accessories)\n * [ R\u00c3\u00a9servez un essai ](/fr-be/pages/test-ride)\n\n## Services\n\n * [ Care ](/fr-be/products/cowboy-care)\n * [ Assurance vol ](/fr-be/products/theft-insurance)\n * [ M\u00c3\u00a9thodes de paiement ](/fr-be/pages/payment-methods)\n * [ Leasing ](/fr-be/pages/lease-a-cowboy)\n * [ Garantie ](/fr-be/products/warranty)\n * [ Business ](/fr-be/pages/business)\n * [ \u00c3\u0089tudiants ](/fr-be/pages/student-program)\n\n## \u00c3\u0080 propos\n\n * [ Avis ](/fr-be/blogs/reviews)\n * [ Presse ](/fr-be/blogs/press)\n * [ Blog ](/fr-be/blogs/stories)\n * [ Magasins ](/fr-be/pages/stores)\n * [ Carri\u00c3\u00a8res ](/fr-be/pages/careers)\n * [ Programme d'affiliation ](/fr-be/pages/affiliate)\n\n## Aide\n\n * [ Contact ](/fr-be/pages/contact-us)\n * [ FAQ ](https://help.cowboy.com)\n * [ Livraisons ](/fr-be/pages/delivery)\n * [ Retours ](/fr-be/pages/returns)\n\n## Une newsletter pas comme les autres\n\n * [ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/CowboyHQ/)\n * [ YouTube ](https://www.youtube.com/c/COWBOYBikes/featured)\n\n[ ](/fr-be/)\n\n[ B Corp ](/fr-be/pages/b-corp)\n\n* * *\n\n * [ Terms of use ](/fr-be/pages/terms-of-use)\n * [ Data protection policy ](/fr-be/pages/privacy-policy)\n * \u00c2\u00a9 2025 Cowboy \n\n",
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n[ **Service?** Nu bij 200+ winkels \nof gewoon bij jou thuis. _Meer info_ ](/nl-be/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ Welke Cowboy is geschikt voor jou? \nDoe de quiz ](/nl-be/pages/which-cowboy-is-right-for-you)\n\n## Je winkelwagentje\n\nNiks te zien hier, maar [ een testride is dichtbij ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride/)\n.\n\n[ Fiets toevoegen ](/cart) [ Shop accessoires ](/collections/accessories)\n\n## Je winkelwagentje\n\nNiks te zien hier, maar [ een testride is dichtbij ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride/)\n.\n\n[ Fiets toevoegen ](/cart) [ Shop accessoires ](/collections/accessories)\n\n# Cruiser Ontdek onze easy rider\n\nVanaf \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 2.999\n\n[ Bestel nu vanaf \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 2.999 Bestel nu ](/nl-be/cart?model=cruiser) [ Boek\neen testrit Testritten ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride?model=cruiser#type)\n\nCruiser vanaf \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 2.999\n\n## Ontdek de Cruiser, die de klassieke Cowboy naar nieuwe hoogtes tilt.\nErvaar het comfort en de voordelen van een e-bike die je op het lijf\ngeschreven staat.\n\n[ Configureer ](/nl-be/cart?model=cruiser) [ Boek een gratis testrit ](/nl-\nbe/pages/test-ride?model=cruiser#type)\n\n## Limited Edition\n\nBreng de lente tot leven met de nieuwe **Dageraad** -kleur.\n\n### Limited Edition Dageraad -kleur\n\nGrijp je kans om te rijden op onze Limited Edition fiets. Reserveer nu.\n\n[ Koop nu ](/nl-be/cart?model=cruiser)\n\n[ **200+ servicevestigingen** Deskundige reparaties bij jou in de buurt \u00e2\u0080\u0093 of\ngewoon bij je thuis. ](/nl-be/pages/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ **Slimme diefstaldetectie** Blijf dieven voor met GPS-tracking en\nwaarschuwingen. ](/nl-be/products/connect)\n\n[ **2 jaar garantie** Gedekt waar het telt. Zorgeloos rijden. ](/nl-\nbe/products/warranty)\n\n[ **Flexibele betaling** Betaal in 3 keer zonder rente, of lease een Cowboy.\n](/nl-be/pages/payment-methods)\n\n## Cruiser hoogtepunten\n\nGeoptimaliseerd voor riders van 170-195\u00c2 cm lang\n\nGebogen stuur\n\nComfort zadel\n\nHogere cockpit\n\nRechte rijhouding\n\nComfortabele rit\n\nStep-over frame\n\n> \" We hebben de Cowboy fiets nu al 2 jaar en wat een fijne fiets \" Cowboy\n> rider Robin\n\n> \" Gewoon een geweldige fiets \" Cowboy rider Jan\n\n> \" Strak modern design. Zeer gebruiksvriendelijke app. \" Cowboy rider Leonie\n\n> \" Meest natuurlijke gevoel van rijden met een fiets met ondersteuning \"\n> Cowboy rider Yvonne\n\n> \" Super fiets en hele persoonlijke service \" Cowboy rider Charlotte\n\nCowboy rider Robin\n\nCowboy rider Jan\n\nCowboy rider Leonie\n\nCowboy rider Yvonne\n\nCowboy rider Charlotte\n\n### Geconnecteerde rit\n\nHou je stevig vast aan het gebogen stuur, dat uitloopt in de cockpit. Bevestig\nje telefoon om hem draadloos op te laden en naadloos verbonden te blijven\n\n### Cowboy AdaptivePower\u00e2\u0084\u00a2\n\n### Verwijderbare Batterij\n\nMet zo'n gestroomlijnd uiterlijk wil je je Cowboy in de gaten houden om te\ncontroleren of hij veilig is. Verzeker hem, volg hem en rijd met een gerust\nhart.\n\nWelke Cowboy is geschikt voor jou? Doe onze quiz om meer te weten te komen\n\n### Auto Lock\n\n### GPS tracking\n\nMet een hoge overbrengingsverhouding en een rechte zithouding kom je terecht\nin het meer cruiseachtige rijgevoel van de Cowboy Cruiser ST. Je voelt de\nsoepele motorreactie achter je met een rijgevoel dat past bij je comfortabele\nhouding op de fiets.\n\n * Comfortabel zadel \n\n * Hogere cockpit, gebogen stuur \n\nStem je fiets af \nop je rijstijl\n\nEen Cowboy fiets is mooi aan de binnen- en buitenkant. Elk detail gaat\nnaadloos op in het frame, ontworpen naar de hoogste standaarden.\n\n### Stijlvolle details\n\nMet elk detail is rekening gehouden, gebouwd om de elementen te weerstaan.\n\n### Vakmanschap\n\nDankzij zijn hoogwaardige design verdiende Cowboy zijn strepen bij onze riders\nen designcritici.\n\n### Materialen\n\nHoogwaardige materialen worden gebruikt voor elk detail, zowel aan de\noppervlakte als binnenin.\n\n### Uitgerust voor vertrek\n\nOp maat gemaakte accessoires voor een verbluffende veelzijdigheid op de weg,\nsamen met reserveonderdelen wanneer je die nodig hebt.\n\n[ Ontdek de accessoires ](/nl-be/collections/accessories)\n\n> \" Beste e-bike voor pendelaars \" TechCrunch\n\n> \" Coolste ding van de week \" GQ\n\n> \" Een nieuwe e-bike rolt de stad binnen \" Wallpaper\n\n> \" Een comfortabelere e-bike voor dagelijks gebruik \" The Verge\n\n> \" Een wonder van design \" Frandroid\n\nTechCrunch\n\nGQ\n\nWallpaper\n\nThe Verge\n\nFrandroid\n\n## Jij zit aan het stuur\n\nEen van de blikvangers is de uitneembare batterij die in het frame zit, het\nenige wat je moet meenemen om te laden. Als je klaar bent om weer te rijden,\nklik je haar vast en ben je vertrokken.\n\n * * Laadtijd: 2 u 54 min \n * Lichtgewicht \n\n### Voorspellende Meldingen\n\nOnze geavanceerde technologie berekent de autonomie van je fiets op basis van\nje rijgedrag. Ontvang meldingen wanneer het tijd is om op te laden of over te\nschakelen naar de Eco-kracht, zodat je optimaal kunt presteren.\n\n## Nieuw bij Cowboy? De ultieme gids voor Cowboy\n\nAlles wat je moet weten over de ultieme geconnecteerde e-bike.\n\n## Cowboy AdaptivePower\u00e2\u0084\u00a2 Super. Natuurlijk.\n\nDankzij AdaptivePower denkt deze fiets zelfstandig. Bij elke welke weerstand\nop de weg past hij zich aan de omgeving aan. Krijg een extra kick wanneer je\nhet nodig hebt en geniet van een soepele rit.\n\n[ Bekijk de technologie ](/nl-be/pages/adaptive-power)\n\nDe bijgewerkte AdaptivePower 2.0 zorgt voor een drastische verbetering van het\ncontextuele bewustzijn dat in de motor is ingebouwd om elke verandering in\nomstandigheden of terrein met meer precisie dan ooit aan te voelen.\n\n### Klimmen\n\nMaak contact met een verandering in helling en je vliegt met dezelfde snelheid\nals voorheen de heuvel op.\n\n### Tegenwind\n\nVang tegenwind terwijl de fiets de kracht van de wind voelt om je de extra\nkracht te geven die je nodig hebt om door de wind te snijden.\n\n### Zwaartekracht\n\nPak veel spullen op de fiets en je wordt opgetild om het extra gewicht\nmoeiteloos aan te kunnen.\n\n### AdaptivePower-technologie\n\nMet een weerstandsfactor die is ingebouwd in de aangepaste technologie van de\nmotor, geeft de fiets je een consistent vermogensniveau om je snelheid te\nbehouden of een extra duwtje in de rug te krijgen bergopwaarts.\n\n[ Meer info ](/nl-be/pages/adaptive-power)\n\nJe hebt gezien hoe AdaptivePower werkt, voel nu hoe het rijdt. Probeer het\ngratis uit. Op elk moment en elke dag komen we bij je langs.\n\n## Je fiets schakelt automatisch aan en uit, en je telefoon wordt draadloos\nopgeladen op de cockpit voor een moeiteloze rit van start tot finish.\n\n## Je hebt je match gevonden\n\n### Slimme partner\n\nDeze trouwe partner blijft gefocust op de weg. Zo gaat niets aan je voorbij.\n\n### Navigatie\n\nDeze trouwe partner blijft gefocust op de weg. Zo gaat niets aan je voorbij.\n\n### Dashboard\n\nWaar je ook heen gaat, wij nemen je mee via de gezondste routes.\n\nOntgrendel het ware potentieel van je rit met Connect. Ga de strijd aan met\nandere riders met In-Ride games, vier je vooruitgang met milestones en wees\ngerust met GPS-tracking en Theft Alerts.\n\n### Share My Ride\n\nJe vrienden en familie kunnen je rit in real time volgen. Deel je rit en\nbekijk hun reacties van vertrek tot aankomst.\n\n### Waarschuwingen\n\nTerwijl jij rijdt, gaan wij op zoek naar gevaarlijke kruispunten op je route.\nAls we op 60 meter afstand een hotspot detecteren, raden we je aan om\nlangzamer te rijden.\n\n### Fitness en Smartwatch\n\nSynchroniseer automatisch met Apple Health en Strava en geef je rit een impuls\nmet Apple\u00c2 Watch of Wear\u00c2 OS Cowboy apps\n\n### Connect\n\nConnect berust exclusief op het Google Maps platform en is ge\u00c3\u00afntegreerd met\nStrava en Apple\u00c2 Watch. Zo haal je nog meer uit je rit.\n\n[ Ontdek ](/nl-be/products/connect)\n\nBekijk je ritstatistieken in een oogopslag terwijl je Cowboy-profiel vorm\nkrijgt. Vergelijk je prestaties met die van andere riders en laat je\ncompetitiedrang naar boven komen.\n\n### Profielen\n\nJe unieke fietsprestaties tonen jou en de community hoe je graag fietst.\n\n### Prestaties\n\nVerzamel badges voor je prestaties en deel ze met trots.\n\n### Groepen\n\nSamen bereik je veel meer. Zoek andere riders met dezelfde interesses of\nachtergrond en ga samen op weg.\n\n### Prestaties\n\nVerzamel badges voor je prestaties en deel ze met trots.\n\n# Amsterdam\n\nSamen met 565 riders\n\nDe app is beschikbaar in het Engels, Nederlands, Frans en Duits.\n\n### Groepen\n\nSamen bereik je veel meer. Zoek andere riders met dezelfde interesses of\nachtergrond en ga samen op weg.\n\n### Profielen\n\nJe unieke fietsprestaties tonen jou en de community hoe je graag fietst.\n\nVolg je fiets in de app vanaf elke plek en word gewaarschuwd als hij ooit\nzonder jou onderweg is. Dankzij de combinatie van ingebouwde sensoren en de\nGPS Tracking blijf je steeds op de hoogte.\n\n### Find My Bike\n\nControleer of je Cowboy veilig vergrendeld is in de buurt. Dankzij GPS\nTracking weet je steeds de precieze locatie van je fiets.\n\n### Theft Alerts\n\nOntvang diefstalmeldingen* als iemand je fiets probeert te stelen. Dankzij GPS\ntracking volg je elke beweging van je fiets op de voet.\n\n[ Inbegrepen bij Cowboy Connect ](/nl-be/products/connect)\n\n### Veiligheidswaarschuwingen en crashdetectie\n\nDe app signaleert crash-hotspots langs je route en fietssensoren detecteren\nelke val om je noodcontacten op de hoogte te stellen.\n\n### Find My Bike\n\nControleer of je Cowboy veilig vergrendeld is in de buurt. Dankzij GPS\nTracking weet je steeds de precieze locatie van je fiets.\n\n### Veiligheidswaarschuwingen en crashdetectie\n\nDe app signaleert crash-hotspots langs je route en fietssensoren detecteren\nelke val om je noodcontacten op de hoogte te stellen.\n\n### Theft Alerts\n\nOntvang diefstalmeldingen* als iemand je fiets probeert te stelen. Dankzij GPS\ntracking volg je elke beweging van je fiets op de voet.\n\n### Tot je dienst\n\nCowboy staat altijd en overal voor je klaar. Maak gebruik van onze\nklantenservice via de app, extra bescherming met ons verzekeringsplan en een\nnetwerk van technici onderweg en thuis.\n\n[ Ontdek onze diensten ](/nl-be/collections/services/)\n\nKies een e-bike uit onze prijswinnaars die bij je stijl past.\n\n| | | | | \n---|---|---|---|---|--- \n| Cruiser Comfortabele, rechte zithouding | Cruiser\u00c2 ST Lage instap en ontspannen zithouding | Classic Actieve zithouding voor een responsieve rit | Cross Veringscomfort en groter bereik | Cross\u00c2 ST Lage instap, vering en groter bereik \nZithouding | Ontspannen | Ontspannen | Actief | Ontspannen | Ontspannen \nLengte van de fietser | Geschikt voor fietsers van 170\u00e2\u0080\u0093195 cm | Geschikt voor fietsers van 165\u00e2\u0080\u0093190 cm | Geschikt voor fietsers van 170\u00e2\u0080\u0093195 cm | Geschikt voor fietsers van 165\u00e2\u0080\u0093195 cm | Geschikt voor fietsers van 155\u00e2\u0080\u0093195 cm \nUitneembare batterij | Actieradius van 40\u00e2\u0080\u009390 km | Actieradius van 40\u00e2\u0080\u009390 km | Actieradius van 40\u00e2\u0080\u009390 km | Actieradius van 60\u00e2\u0080\u0093120 km | Actieradius van 60\u00e2\u0080\u0093120 km \nTotaalgewicht van de fiets | 19,4 kg | 19,3 kg | 19,0 kg | 27,9 kg | 26,5 kg \nType stuur | Gebogen stuur | Gebogen stuur | Recht stuur | Gebogen stuur | Gebogen stuur \nStuurbreedte | 62 cm | 57 cm | 54 cm | 57 cm | 57 cm \nType zadel | Comfort | Comfort | Sport | Comfort | Comfort \nTrapfrequentie | Overbrengingsverhouding 3,00 (60/20) | Overbrengingsverhouding 2,71 (57/21) | Overbrengingsverhouding 2,86 (60/21) | Overbrengingsverhouding 2,86 (60/21) | Overbrengingsverhouding 2,86 (60/21) \nOndersteunde snelheid | Ondersteuning tot 25 km/u | Ondersteuning tot 25 km/u | Ondersteuning tot 25 km/u | Ondersteuning tot 25 km/u | Ondersteuning tot 25 km/u \n| | [ Ontdek ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st) | [ Ontdek ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic) | [ Ontdek ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross) | [ Ontdek ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st) \n \nFrame | Aluminium 6061 \n---|--- \nVork | Aluminium 6061 \nRemmen | Tektro Brake System \nRemblokjes | Shimano B05S \nMotor | Custom design 45 Nm / 250 W motor, ge\u00c3\u00afntegreerd in het achterwiel \nSnelheid ondersteuning | tot 25 km/u \nConnectiviteit | Bluetooth Low Energy \nBatterij | 2,4 kg gewicht, Verwijderbare lithium-ion batterij \nLader | Aangepast design 36V \nMobiele app | iOS en Android, veilig, digitaal vergrendelen/ontgrendelen via de persoonlijke app. \nInbegrepen in de doos | 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm en 6 mm inbussleutels, gordelsleutel, 4x spaakreflectoren, achterreflector, bel \nDimensies \n \n## Zie de Cruiser op de straten\n\n[ Volg ons op Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n\n## Subsidies Hoeveel gaat u besparen?\n\nBesparen op een nieuwe Cowboy met een lokale subsidie.\n\n## Always time \nto ride\n\nKoop de jouwe vanaf \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 2.999\n\n[ Bestel nu ](/nl-be/cart?model=cruiser) [ Boek een testrit ](/nl-\nbe/pages/test-ride?model=cruiser#type)\n\n## Ontdek\n\n * [ Classic ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic)\n * [ Cruiser ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser)\n * [ Cruiser ST ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st)\n * [ Cross ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross)\n * [ Cross ST ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st)\n * [ Circular ](/nl-be/collections/circular)\n * [ Accessoires & onderdelen ](/nl-be/collections/accessories)\n * [ Boek een testrit ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride)\n\n## Services\n\n * [ Care ](/nl-be/products/cowboy-care)\n * [ Diefstalverzekering ](/nl-be/products/theft-insurance)\n * [ Betalingsmethoden ](/nl-be/pages/payment-methods)\n * [ Leasing ](/nl-be/pages/lease-a-cowboy)\n * [ Garantie ](/nl-be/products/warranty)\n * [ Business ](/nl-be/pages/business)\n * [ Studenten ](/nl-be/pages/student-program)\n\n## Over ons\n\n * [ Reviews ](/nl-be/blogs/reviews)\n * [ Pers ](/nl-be/blogs/press)\n * [ Blog ](/nl-be/blogs/stories)\n * [ Winkels ](/nl-be/pages/stores)\n * [ Vacatures ](/nl-be/pages/careers)\n * [ Affiliate-programma ](/nl-be/pages/affiliate)\n\n## Help\n\n * [ Contact ](/nl-be/pages/contact-us)\n * [ FAQ ](https://help.cowboy.com)\n * [ Levering ](/nl-be/pages/delivery)\n * [ Retourneren ](/nl-be/pages/returns)\n\n## Geen nieuwsbrief zoals alle anderen\n\n * [ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/CowboyHQ/)\n * [ YouTube ](https://www.youtube.com/c/COWBOYBikes/featured)\n\n[ ](/nl-be/)\n\n[ B Corp ](/nl-be/pages/b-corp)\n\n* * *\n\n * [ Terms of use ](/nl-be/pages/terms-of-use)\n * [ Data protection policy ](/nl-be/pages/privacy-policy)\n * \u00c2\u00a9 2025 Cowboy \n\n",
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n[ **Service\u00c2 ?** D\u00c3\u00a9sormais dans plus de 200 magasins \nou chez vous. _En savoir plus_ ](/fr-be/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ Quel Cowboy vous convient le mieux\u00c2 ? \nCommencez le quiz ](/fr-be/pages/which-cowboy-is-right-for-you)\n\n## Votre panier\n\nIl n'y a rien par ici, mais [ il y a des test rides par-l\u00c3 ](/fr-\nbe/pages/test-ride/) .\n\n[ Ajouter un v\u00c3\u00a9lo ](/cart) [ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez les accessoires\n](/collections/accessories)\n\n## Votre panier\n\nIl n'y a rien par ici, mais [ il y a des test rides par-l\u00c3 ](/fr-\nbe/pages/test-ride/) .\n\n[ Ajouter un v\u00c3\u00a9lo ](/cart) [ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez les accessoires\n](/collections/accessories)\n\n# Essai\n\nR\u00c3\u00a9servez un essai gratuit et d\u00c3\u00a9couvrez le plaisir de rouler sur un v\u00c3\u00a9lo\nCowboy : un m\u00c3\u00a9lange unique de style, de puissance et de connectivit\u00c3\u00a9.\n\n## Choisissez un mod\u00c3\u00a8le\n\n### [ Vous ne savez pas quel mod\u00c3\u00a8le vous convient le mieux\u00c2 ? Comparez tous\nnos mod\u00c3\u00a8les ](/fr-be/pages/compare-cowboy-bikes)\n\n## Choisissez votre lieu d'essai\n\n## R\u00c3\u00a9servez un essai gratuit\n\n### Une exp\u00c3\u00a9rience sur-mesure\n\nPrenez plaisir \u00c3 rouler sur le v\u00c3\u00a9lo Cowboy de votre choix, pr\u00c3\u00a8s de chez\nvous. Choisissez le lieu et l'heure, on s'occupe du reste. Et bien sur, ce\nservice est gratuit\n\n### Passage en revue du v\u00c3\u00a9lo\n\nChoisissez votre mod\u00c3\u00a8le, et notre expert vous guidera sur tout ce que vous\ndevez savoir. Il r\u00c3\u00a9pondra \u00c3 vos questions avant que vous ne montiez en selle\npour profiter de la balade.\n\n### Vous avez le contr\u00c3\u00b4le\n\nFaites un essai du v\u00c3\u00a9lo, sans pression, sans engagement. C'est votre\nd\u00c3\u00a9cision - explorez chaque d\u00c3\u00a9tail, profitez de l'exp\u00c3\u00a9rience et prenez le\ntemps pour d\u00c3\u00a9cider quand vous serez pr\u00c3\u00aat.\n\nVous h\u00c3\u00a9sitez encore\u00c2 ? Voici quelques questions fr\u00c3\u00a9quemment pos\u00c3\u00a9es sur le\nservice d'essai et son fonctionnement.\n\n## FAQ\n\n## Explorez\n\n * [ Classic ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic)\n * [ Cruiser ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser)\n * [ Cruiser ST ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st)\n * [ Cross ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross)\n * [ Cross ST ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st)\n * [ Circular ](/fr-be/collections/circular)\n * [ Accessoires & pi\u00c3\u00a8ces ](/fr-be/collections/accessories)\n * [ R\u00c3\u00a9servez un essai ](/fr-be/pages/test-ride)\n\n## Services\n\n * [ Care ](/fr-be/products/cowboy-care)\n * [ Assurance vol ](/fr-be/products/theft-insurance)\n * [ M\u00c3\u00a9thodes de paiement ](/fr-be/pages/payment-methods)\n * [ Leasing ](/fr-be/pages/lease-a-cowboy)\n * [ Garantie ](/fr-be/products/warranty)\n * [ Business ](/fr-be/pages/business)\n * [ \u00c3\u0089tudiants ](/fr-be/pages/student-program)\n\n## \u00c3\u0080 propos\n\n * [ Avis ](/fr-be/blogs/reviews)\n * [ Presse ](/fr-be/blogs/press)\n * [ Blog ](/fr-be/blogs/stories)\n * [ Magasins ](/fr-be/pages/stores)\n * [ Carri\u00c3\u00a8res ](/fr-be/pages/careers)\n * [ Programme d'affiliation ](/fr-be/pages/affiliate)\n\n## Aide\n\n * [ Contact ](/fr-be/pages/contact-us)\n * [ FAQ ](https://help.cowboy.com)\n * [ Livraisons ](/fr-be/pages/delivery)\n * [ Retours ](/fr-be/pages/returns)\n\n## Une newsletter pas comme les autres\n\n * [ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/CowboyHQ/)\n * [ YouTube ](https://www.youtube.com/c/COWBOYBikes/featured)\n\n[ ](/fr-be/)\n\n[ B Corp ](/fr-be/pages/b-corp)\n\n* * *\n\n * [ Terms of use ](/fr-be/pages/terms-of-use)\n * [ Data protection policy ](/fr-be/pages/privacy-policy)\n * \u00c2\u00a9 2025 Cowboy \n\n",
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n[ **Service?** Nu bij 200+ winkels \nof gewoon bij jou thuis. _Meer info_ ](/nl-be/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ Welke Cowboy is geschikt voor jou? \nDoe de quiz ](/nl-be/pages/which-cowboy-is-right-for-you)\n\n## Je winkelwagentje\n\nNiks te zien hier, maar [ een testride is dichtbij ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride/)\n.\n\n[ Fiets toevoegen ](/cart) [ Shop accessoires ](/collections/accessories)\n\n## Je winkelwagentje\n\nNiks te zien hier, maar [ een testride is dichtbij ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride/)\n.\n\n[ Fiets toevoegen ](/cart) [ Shop accessoires ](/collections/accessories)\n\n# Testrit\n\nBoek een gratis testrit en voel de sensatie van een Cowboy bike - waar stijl,\nkracht en connectiviteit samenkomen. \n\n## Kies een model\n\n### [ Weet je niet zeker welke fiets geschikt is voor jou? Vergelijk alle\nfietsmodellen ](/nl-be/pages/compare-cowboy-bikes)\n\n## Kies een locatie\n\n## Boek een gratis testrit\n\n### Een gepersonaliseerde ervaring\n\nGeniet van het rijden op je eigen Cowboy bike in je eigen tempo, in een\ncomfortabele en bekende omgeving. Jij kiest de plaats en het tijdstip, wij\nregelen de rest voor je. Gratis.\n\n### Een diepgaande rondleiding\n\nJe kiest je model en onze experts begeleiden je door alles wat je moet weten\nover je volgende fiets. Ze beantwoorden al je vragen voordat je opstapt en van\nde rit geniet.\n\n### Jij hebt de controle\n\nMaak een testrit op de fiets, zonder druk of verplichtingen. Het is jouw\nbeslissing - ontdek elk detail, geniet van de ervaring en neem de beslissing\nwanneer je er klaar voor bent.\n\nTwijfel je nog? Hier zijn enkele veelgestelde vragen over de testrit en hoe\nhet werkt.\n\n## FAQ\n\n## Ontdek\n\n * [ Classic ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic)\n * [ Cruiser ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser)\n * [ Cruiser ST ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st)\n * [ Cross ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross)\n * [ Cross ST ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st)\n * [ Circular ](/nl-be/collections/circular)\n * [ Accessoires & onderdelen ](/nl-be/collections/accessories)\n * [ Boek een testrit ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride)\n\n## Services\n\n * [ Care ](/nl-be/products/cowboy-care)\n * [ Diefstalverzekering ](/nl-be/products/theft-insurance)\n * [ Betalingsmethoden ](/nl-be/pages/payment-methods)\n * [ Leasing ](/nl-be/pages/lease-a-cowboy)\n * [ Garantie ](/nl-be/products/warranty)\n * [ Business ](/nl-be/pages/business)\n * [ Studenten ](/nl-be/pages/student-program)\n\n## Over ons\n\n * [ Reviews ](/nl-be/blogs/reviews)\n * [ Pers ](/nl-be/blogs/press)\n * [ Blog ](/nl-be/blogs/stories)\n * [ Winkels ](/nl-be/pages/stores)\n * [ Vacatures ](/nl-be/pages/careers)\n * [ Affiliate-programma ](/nl-be/pages/affiliate)\n\n## Help\n\n * [ Contact ](/nl-be/pages/contact-us)\n * [ FAQ ](https://help.cowboy.com)\n * [ Levering ](/nl-be/pages/delivery)\n * [ Retourneren ](/nl-be/pages/returns)\n\n## Geen nieuwsbrief zoals alle anderen\n\n * [ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/CowboyHQ/)\n * [ YouTube ](https://www.youtube.com/c/COWBOYBikes/featured)\n\n[ ](/nl-be/)\n\n[ B Corp ](/nl-be/pages/b-corp)\n\n* * *\n\n * [ Terms of use ](/nl-be/pages/terms-of-use)\n * [ Data protection policy ](/nl-be/pages/privacy-policy)\n * \u00c2\u00a9 2025 Cowboy \n\n",
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n[ **Service?** Nu bij 200+ winkels \nof gewoon bij jou thuis. _Meer info_ ](/nl-be/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ Welke Cowboy is geschikt voor jou? \nDoe de quiz ](/nl-be/pages/which-cowboy-is-right-for-you)\n\n## Je winkelwagentje\n\nNiks te zien hier, maar [ een testride is dichtbij ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride/)\n.\n\n[ Fiets toevoegen ](/cart) [ Shop accessoires ](/collections/accessories)\n\n## Je winkelwagentje\n\nNiks te zien hier, maar [ een testride is dichtbij ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride/)\n.\n\n[ Fiets toevoegen ](/cart) [ Shop accessoires ](/collections/accessories)\n\n# Designed in Belgium, now assembled in France\n\n18 februari 2025\n\n[ Blog ](/nl-be/blogs/stories)\n\nThis is the next chapter for Cowboy. **We've moved our assembly to France** .\n\nOur future is now closer to home - and more importantly, **closer to our\nriders** .\n\nSome riders waited longer than expected, so we took decisive action.\n\n * We're backing French cycling heritage. \n * We're investing more than ever in precision engineering. \n * We're working with expert craftsmen who have built bikes for generations - and are now shaping the future of urban mobility. \n\nOur e-bikes blend smart technology with premium design, requiring exacting\nstandards every step of the way.\n\nBy assembling close to home, we can meet the highest standards of **quality,\nreliability, and safety** \\- while delivering faster than ever.\n\nWith French assembly ramping up, bikes are already shipping across Europe.\nOnce we reach full capacity, **deliveries will be made within days** .\n\nIn the meantime, you can order a Cowboy for April.\n\nYou could settle for average, but **Cowboy riders don't do average** .\n\n**A Cowboy is worth the wait.**\n\n[ Bestel nu ](/nl-be/cart)\n\n## Ontdek\n\n * [ Classic ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic)\n * [ Cruiser ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser)\n * [ Cruiser ST ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st)\n * [ Cross ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross)\n * [ Cross ST ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st)\n * [ Circular ](/nl-be/collections/circular)\n * [ Accessoires & onderdelen ](/nl-be/collections/accessories)\n * [ Boek een testrit ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride)\n\n## Services\n\n * [ Care ](/nl-be/products/cowboy-care)\n * [ Diefstalverzekering ](/nl-be/products/theft-insurance)\n * [ Betalingsmethoden ](/nl-be/pages/payment-methods)\n * [ Leasing ](/nl-be/pages/lease-a-cowboy)\n * [ Garantie ](/nl-be/products/warranty)\n * [ Business ](/nl-be/pages/business)\n * [ Studenten ](/nl-be/pages/student-program)\n\n## Over ons\n\n * [ Reviews ](/nl-be/blogs/reviews)\n * [ Pers ](/nl-be/blogs/press)\n * [ Blog ](/nl-be/blogs/stories)\n * [ Winkels ](/nl-be/pages/stores)\n * [ Vacatures ](/nl-be/pages/careers)\n * [ Affiliate-programma ](/nl-be/pages/affiliate)\n\n## Help\n\n * [ Contact ](/nl-be/pages/contact-us)\n * [ FAQ ](https://help.cowboy.com)\n * [ Levering ](/nl-be/pages/delivery)\n * [ Retourneren ](/nl-be/pages/returns)\n\n## Geen nieuwsbrief zoals alle anderen\n\n * [ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/CowboyHQ/)\n * [ YouTube ](https://www.youtube.com/c/COWBOYBikes/featured)\n\n[ ](/nl-be/)\n\n[ B Corp ](/nl-be/pages/b-corp)\n\n* * *\n\n * [ Terms of use ](/nl-be/pages/terms-of-use)\n * [ Data protection policy ](/nl-be/pages/privacy-policy)\n * \u00c2\u00a9 2025 Cowboy \n\n",
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n[ **Service\u00c2 ?** D\u00c3\u00a9sormais dans plus de 200 magasins \nou chez vous. _En savoir plus_ ](/fr-be/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ Quel Cowboy vous convient le mieux\u00c2 ? \nCommencez le quiz ](/fr-be/pages/which-cowboy-is-right-for-you)\n\n## Votre panier\n\nIl n'y a rien par ici, mais [ il y a des test rides par-l\u00c3 ](/fr-\nbe/pages/test-ride/) .\n\n[ Ajouter un v\u00c3\u00a9lo ](/cart) [ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez les accessoires\n](/collections/accessories)\n\n## Votre panier\n\nIl n'y a rien par ici, mais [ il y a des test rides par-l\u00c3 ](/fr-\nbe/pages/test-ride/) .\n\n[ Ajouter un v\u00c3\u00a9lo ](/cart) [ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez les accessoires\n](/collections/accessories)\n\n# Adaptive Power 2.0 Super. Naturel.\n\nAdaptive Power 2.0\n\nGr\u00c3\u00a2ce \u00c3 la technologie AdaptivePower\u00e2\u0084\u00a2, votre v\u00c3\u00a9lo pense par lui-m\u00c3\u00aame.\nRencontrez n'importe quelle r\u00c3\u00a9sistance sur la route, et il s'adapte\ninstantan\u00c3\u00a9ment \u00c3 ce qui vous entoure. Gagnez une force surhumaine au moment\no\u00c3\u00b9 vous en avez besoin - et d\u00c3\u00a9couvrez la sensation de rouler la plus\nnaturelle possible.\n\nVersion 2.0 Nouvelle mise \u00c3 jour 2024\n\nDepuis 2023, AdaptivePower donne l'impression que les collines sont plates,\nque les charges lourdes sont en apesanteur et que les vents contraires sont un\njeu d'enfant. Gr\u00c3\u00a2ce \u00c3 cette mise \u00c3 jour, vous pouvez d\u00c3\u00a9sormais vous attaquer\n\u00c3 des pentes 50 % plus raides sans p\u00c3\u00a9daler davantage - et lorsque vous roulez\nsur le plat, vous pouvez \u00c3\u00a9conomiser 10 % d'\u00c3\u00a9nergie suppl\u00c3\u00a9mentaire sur la\nbatterie.\n\n### Technologie\n\nUne offre compl\u00c3\u00a8te, du mat\u00c3\u00a9riel au logiciel, rend le Cowboy diff\u00c3\u00a9rent de\ntout autre v\u00c3\u00a9lo sur le march\u00c3\u00a9.\n\n## Comment \u00c3\u00a7a marche\n\nCapteur de couple\n\nContr\u00c3\u00b4leur du moteur\n\nSyst\u00c3\u00a8me d'exploitation\n\nCapteur de couple\n\nContr\u00c3\u00b4leur du moteur\n\nSyst\u00c3\u00a8me d'exploitation\n\n### Con\u00c3\u00a7u avec pr\u00c3\u00a9cision\n\nAdaptivePower 2.0 est calibr\u00c3\u00a9 en fonction du poids et des dimensions de nos\ndiff\u00c3\u00a9rents v\u00c3\u00a9los, ajust\u00c3\u00a9 pour assurer une allocation sp\u00c3\u00a9cifique de la\npuissance et le trajet le plus facile possible.\n\nMeilleure avec l'\u00c3\u00a2ge\n\nGr\u00c3\u00a2ce aux mises \u00c3 jour automatiques, votre v\u00c3\u00a9lo continue de s'am\u00c3\u00a9liorer\nlongtemps apr\u00c3\u00a8s son achat. Les riders de Cowboy peuvent t\u00c3\u00a9l\u00c3\u00a9charger et\ninstaller gratuitement AdaptivePower 2.0 en moins d'une minute.\n\n## R\u00c3\u00a9compense en temps r\u00c3\u00a9el\n\nRessentez la puissance instantan\u00c3\u00a9ment lorsque vous p\u00c3\u00a9dalez et voyez\nl'animation sur votre tableau de bord. Si vous manquez de batterie - ou si\nvous avez envie de p\u00c3\u00a9daler plus fort - vous pouvez passer en mode Eco Power\nd'une simple pression.\n\n### AdaptivePower 2.0\n\nL'algorithme derri\u00c3\u00a8re l'AdaptivePower 2.0 est plus raffin\u00c3\u00a9 que jamais,\ncapable de d\u00c3\u00a9tecter encore plus de changements dans l'environnement et le\nterrain.\n\nLa meilleure fa\u00c3\u00a7on de d\u00c3\u00a9couvrir l'AdaptivePower 2.0 est de l'essayer par\nvous-m\u00c3\u00aame. R\u00c3\u00a9servez votre essai gratuit en utilisant la carte ci-dessous et\nquelqu'un apportera le mod\u00c3\u00a8le de votre choix directement \u00c3 votre adresse.\n\nComparez nos mod\u00c3\u00a8les\n\nParcourez notre gamme de v\u00c3\u00a9los \u00c3\u00a9lectriques prim\u00c3\u00a9s pour trouver celui qui\nvous correspond.\n\n| | | | | \n---|---|---|---|---|--- \n| Cruiser Position d\u00c3\u00a9tendue pour une conduite confortable | Cruiser\u00c2 ST Cadre ouvert et position d\u00c3\u00a9tendue | Classic Position active pour une conduite r\u00c3\u00a9active | Cross Confort de suspension et autonomie accrue | Cross\u00c2 ST Cadre ouvert, suspension et autonomie accrue \nPosition de conduite | D\u00c3\u00a9tendue | D\u00c3\u00a9tendue | Active | D\u00c3\u00a9tendue | D\u00c3\u00a9tendue \nTaille du cycliste | Adapt\u00c3\u00a9 aux cyclistes de 170 \u00c3 195 cm | Adapt\u00c3\u00a9 aux cyclistes de 165 \u00c3 190 cm | Adapt\u00c3\u00a9 aux cyclistes de 170 \u00c3 195 cm | Adapt\u00c3\u00a9 aux cyclistes de 165 \u00c3 195 cm | Adapt\u00c3\u00a9 aux cyclistes de 155 \u00c3 195 cm \nBatterie amovible | Autonomie de 40 \u00c3 90 km | Autonomie de 40 \u00c3 90 km | Autonomie de 40 \u00c3 90 km | Autonomie de 60 \u00c3 120 km | Autonomie de 60 \u00c3 120 km \nPoids total du v\u00c3\u00a9lo | 19,4 kg | 19,3 kg | 19,0 kg | 27,9 kg | 26,5 kg \nType de guidon | Guidon courb\u00c3\u00a9 | Guidon courb\u00c3\u00a9 | Guidon droit | Guidon courb\u00c3\u00a9 | Guidon courb\u00c3\u00a9 \nLargeur du guidon | 62 cm | 57 cm | 54 cm | 57 cm | 57 cm \nType de selle | Confort | Confort | Sport | Confort | Confort \nCadence de p\u00c3\u00a9dalage | Ratio de transmission 3,00 (60/20) | Ratio de transmission 2,71 (57/21) | Ratio de transmission 2,86 (60/21) | Ratio de transmission 2,86 (60/21) | Ratio de transmission 2,86 (60/21) \nVitesse d'assistance max. | Assistance jusqu'\u00c3 25 km/h | Assistance jusqu'\u00c3 25 km/h | Assistance jusqu'\u00c3 25 km/h | Assistance jusqu'\u00c3 25 km/h | Assistance jusqu'\u00c3 25 km/h \n| [ Explorez ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser) | [ Explorez ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st) | [ Explorez ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic) | [ Explorez ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross) | [ Explorez ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st) \n \n## Subventions Combien pouvez-vous \u00c3\u00a9conomiser\u00c2 ?\n\n\u00c3\u0089conomisez sur l'achat d'un nouveau Cowboy gr\u00c3\u00a2ce \u00c3 une subvention locale.\n\n## Explorez\n\n * [ Classic ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic)\n * [ Cruiser ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser)\n * [ Cruiser ST ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st)\n * [ Cross ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross)\n * [ Cross ST ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st)\n * [ Circular ](/fr-be/collections/circular)\n * [ Accessoires & pi\u00c3\u00a8ces ](/fr-be/collections/accessories)\n * [ R\u00c3\u00a9servez un essai ](/fr-be/pages/test-ride)\n\n## Services\n\n * [ Care ](/fr-be/products/cowboy-care)\n * [ Assurance vol ](/fr-be/products/theft-insurance)\n * [ M\u00c3\u00a9thodes de paiement ](/fr-be/pages/payment-methods)\n * [ Leasing ](/fr-be/pages/lease-a-cowboy)\n * [ Garantie ](/fr-be/products/warranty)\n * [ Business ](/fr-be/pages/business)\n * [ \u00c3\u0089tudiants ](/fr-be/pages/student-program)\n\n## \u00c3\u0080 propos\n\n * [ Avis ](/fr-be/blogs/reviews)\n * [ Presse ](/fr-be/blogs/press)\n * [ Blog ](/fr-be/blogs/stories)\n * [ Magasins ](/fr-be/pages/stores)\n * [ Carri\u00c3\u00a8res ](/fr-be/pages/careers)\n * [ Programme d'affiliation ](/fr-be/pages/affiliate)\n\n## Aide\n\n * [ Contact ](/fr-be/pages/contact-us)\n * [ FAQ ](https://help.cowboy.com)\n * [ Livraisons ](/fr-be/pages/delivery)\n * [ Retours ](/fr-be/pages/returns)\n\n## Une newsletter pas comme les autres\n\n * [ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/CowboyHQ/)\n * [ YouTube ](https://www.youtube.com/c/COWBOYBikes/featured)\n\n[ ](/fr-be/)\n\n[ B Corp ](/fr-be/pages/b-corp)\n\n* * *\n\n * [ Terms of use ](/fr-be/pages/terms-of-use)\n * [ Data protection policy ](/fr-be/pages/privacy-policy)\n * \u00c2\u00a9 2025 Cowboy \n\n",
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n[ **Service\u00c2 ?** D\u00c3\u00a9sormais dans plus de 200 magasins \nou chez vous. _En savoir plus_ ](/fr-be/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ Quel Cowboy vous convient le mieux\u00c2 ? \nCommencez le quiz ](/fr-be/pages/which-cowboy-is-right-for-you)\n\n## Votre panier\n\nIl n'y a rien par ici, mais [ il y a des test rides par-l\u00c3 ](/fr-\nbe/pages/test-ride/) .\n\n[ Ajouter un v\u00c3\u00a9lo ](/cart) [ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez les accessoires\n](/collections/accessories)\n\n## Votre panier\n\nIl n'y a rien par ici, mais [ il y a des test rides par-l\u00c3 ](/fr-\nbe/pages/test-ride/) .\n\n[ Ajouter un v\u00c3\u00a9lo ](/cart) [ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez les accessoires\n](/collections/accessories)\n\n# Cowboy Connect Pr\u00c3\u00a9sentation des jeux\n\nNous avons apport\u00c3\u00a9 une mise \u00c3 jour passionnante \u00c3 Connect, avec notamment les\npremiers jeux interactifs au monde. En savoir plus pour d\u00c3\u00a9couvrir tout ce que\nConnect a \u00c3 offrir et comment il transforme votre v\u00c3\u00a9lo \u00c3\u00a9lectrique prim\u00c3\u00a9 en\nun mode de transport qui change la donne.\n\nDisponible pour tous les riders sur [ iOS\n](https://itunes.apple.com/be/app/cowboy-electric-\nbikes/id1262900539?ls=1&mt=8) et [ Android\n](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=bike.cowboy.app)\n\n### Le nec plus ultra des trajets connect\u00c3\u00a9s\n\nNotre communaut\u00c3\u00a9 super-engag\u00c3\u00a9e a collectivement roul\u00c3\u00a9 150 millions de km.\nCette intelligence partag\u00c3\u00a9e unique nous a permis d'avoir les fonctionnalit\u00c3\u00a9s\nde s\u00c3\u00a9curit\u00c3\u00a9 de pointe que l'on trouve dans Connect, telles que les alertes\nde s\u00c3\u00a9curit\u00c3\u00a9 et d\u00c3\u00a9tection des collisions.\n\n### In-Ride Games\n\nNous sommes fiers d'\u00c3\u00aatre la premi\u00c3\u00a8re entreprise de v\u00c3\u00a9los \u00c3\u00a9lectriques \u00c3\nconnecter nos riders entre eux par le biais de jeux interactifs amusants et\npassionnants.\n\n## In-Ride Games\n\nFaites passer vos trajets \u00c3 la vitesse sup\u00c3\u00a9rieure gr\u00c3\u00a2ce \u00c3 nos jeux\ninteractifs passionnants. Mesurez-vous avec des d\u00c3\u00a9fis de taille qui\ndeviennent de plus en plus difficiles \u00c3 mesure que vous progressez dans les\nniveaux.\n\n## Push\n\nMaintenez votre puissance de p\u00c3\u00a9dalage au-dessus du seuil pendant 15 secondes\nd'affil\u00c3\u00a9e pour passer au niveau suivant. \nLe jeu peut sembler simple, mais terminer les 25 niveaux est tout sauf simple.\n\n## Burn\n\nSentez la br\u00c3\u00bblure dans ce d\u00c3\u00a9fi intense d'une minute. Push yourself to fill\nthe dial and see if you have what it takes to hit your goal.\n\n### In-Ride Milestones\n\nSurveillez votre vitesse et v\u00c3\u00a9rifiez les statistiques de votre trajet en un\ncoup d'\u00c5\u0093il ou en d\u00c3\u00a9tail si vous voulez aller en profondeur. C\u00c3\u00a9l\u00c3\u00a9brez vos\nprogr\u00c3\u00a8s au fur et \u00c3 mesure de vos trajets gr\u00c3\u00a2ce aux fun In-Ride Milestones.\n\n## Tranquillit\u00c3\u00a9 d'esprit Roulez l'esprit tranquille\n\nGarder un \u00c5\u0093il sur votre v\u00c3\u00a9lo, m\u00c3\u00aame lorsqu'il est hors de vue, est essentiel\npour assurer sa s\u00c3\u00a9curit\u00c3\u00a9. Gr\u00c3\u00a2ce \u00c3 notre syst\u00c3\u00a8me de suivi GPS int\u00c3\u00a9gr\u00c3\u00a9,\nvous pouvez toujours localiser votre trajet, o\u00c3\u00b9 que vous soyez.\n\n### Find My Bike\n\nLe suivi GPS vous permet de localiser votre v\u00c3\u00a9lo \u00c3 tout moment, que vous\nsoyez \u00c3 proximit\u00c3\u00a9 ou non. Suivez le signal pour d\u00c3\u00a9terminer sa localisation\nexacte.\n\n### Theft Alerts\n\nSi nous d\u00c3\u00a9tectons que votre v\u00c3\u00a9lo se d\u00c3\u00a9place sans vous, nous vous en\ninformons imm\u00c3\u00a9diatement.\n\n## Navigation Gardez le cap\n\nProfitez de la navigation virage par virage et restez connect\u00c3\u00a9 pendant chaque\ntrajet gr\u00c3\u00a2ce \u00c3 la technologie pr\u00c3\u00a9dictive de Cowboy. Activez la fonction\nShare My Ride pour permettre \u00c3 vos amis et vos proches de suivre votre trajet\nen temps r\u00c3\u00a9el et vous verrez leurs r\u00c3\u00a9actions tout au long de la route.\n\n### Explorez la ville avec Google Maps\n\nAvec Google Maps, vous b\u00c3\u00a9n\u00c3\u00a9ficiez d'un syst\u00c3\u00a8me de navigation exclusif \u00c3 la\ncommunaut\u00c3\u00a9 des cyclistes Cowboy. Trouvez l'air pur, lib\u00c3\u00a9rez-vous des\nembouteillages, laissez-vous guider vers vos lieux favoris et rep\u00c3\u00a9rez des\nemplacements de stationnement d\u00c3\u00a9di\u00c3\u00a9s aux v\u00c3\u00a9los.\n\n### Tableau de bord\n\nContr\u00c3\u00b4lez votre vitesse et consultez vos statistiques de conduite, que vous\nsouhaitiez un aper\u00c3\u00a7u rapide ou une analyse approfondie.\n\n## Share My Ride\n\nVos proches peuvent suivre vos trajets en temps r\u00c3\u00a9el. Choisissez de partager\nvotre trajet et ils pourront r\u00c3\u00a9agir pendant que vous p\u00c3\u00a9dalez.\n\nRoulez en toute s\u00c3\u00a9r\u00c3\u00a9nit\u00c3\u00a9 gr\u00c3\u00a2ce aux alertes pr\u00c3\u00a9dictives et \u00c3 la d\u00c3\u00a9tection\nde collision. Anticipez ainsi quand recharger votre batterie ou redoubler de\nprudence sur la route, et restez concentr\u00c3\u00a9 sur le plaisir de rouler.\n\n### Alertes pr\u00c3\u00a9dictives\n\nLorsque vous roulez, nous anticipons tout carrefour dangereux sur votre\nitin\u00c3\u00a9raire. Un avertissement vous rappelle de ralentir 60 m\u00c3\u00a8tres avant le\ndanger.\n\nVous connaissez toujours le niveau de votre batterie. Gr\u00c3\u00a2ce \u00c3 l'estimation de\nl'autonomie de la batterie et aux rappels de recharge, vous ne tombez jamais \u00c3\ncourt de batterie.\n\n### D\u00c3\u00a9tection de chute\n\nSi vous \u00c3\u00aates impliqu\u00c3\u00a9 dans un accident, nous vous contacterons pour nous\nassurer que vous allez bien. Faute de quoi, nous alerterons automatiquement\nvos contacts d'urgence et leur communiquerons votre position.\n\n## Communaut\u00c3\u00a9 Social Fitness\n\nRejoignez la communaut\u00c3\u00a9 Cowboy et d\u00c3\u00a9couvrez un monde de groupes de cyclistes\n\u00c3 rejoindre et avec qui concourir. Les capteurs int\u00c3\u00a9gr\u00c3\u00a9s \u00c3 votre v\u00c3\u00a9lo\npermettent un suivi d\u00c3\u00a9taill\u00c3\u00a9 de votre activit\u00c3\u00a9.\n\n### Statistiques\n\nSuivez toutes vos activit\u00c3\u00a9s en d\u00c3\u00a9tail, par exemple votre temps de\nd\u00c3\u00a9placement, votre vitesse, le d\u00c3\u00a9nivel\u00c3\u00a9, la puissance fournie ou le nombre\nde calories br\u00c3\u00bbl\u00c3\u00a9es.\n\n## Profils\n\nQue vous aimiez la vitesse, pr\u00c3\u00a9f\u00c3\u00a9riez parcourir de longues distances ou\ncherchiez \u00c3 repousser vos limites, votre profil \u00c3\u00a9volue au fur et \u00c3 mesure que\nvous battez de nouveaux records et d\u00c3\u00a9couvrez de nouveaux horizons.\n\n### Votre classement\n\nMesurez vos stats \u00c3 celles de vos connaissances. D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez si vous \u00c3\u00aates\nparvenu \u00c3 faire mieux que le reste de la communaut\u00c3\u00a9 Cowboy.\n\n### Groupes\n\nPlongez dans la communaut\u00c3\u00a9 Cowboy et rejoignez l'un des milliers de groupes\nde riders. Si vous ne trouvez pas chaussure \u00c3 votre pied, vous pouvez m\u00c3\u00aame\nlancer votre propre groupe.\n\n### Vos r\u00c3\u00a9sultats\n\nObtenez des badges lorsque vous atteignez un objectif et partagez-les avec vos\ncontacts.\n\nGr\u00c3\u00a2ce \u00c3 l'int\u00c3\u00a9gration Apple Health et Strava, vous pouvez synchroniser\nautomatiquement vos trajets et r\u00c3\u00a9colter toutes les informations li\u00c3\u00a9es \u00c3 vos\nd\u00c3\u00a9placements. Et pour encore plus de pr\u00c3\u00a9cision sur chacun de vos mouvements,\ninstallez l'app Apple Watch.\n\n### Application Apple Watch et Wear OS\n\nGr\u00c3\u00a2ce \u00c3 l'appli Cowboy Apple Watch et Wear OS, vous pouvez obtenir les\ninformations cl\u00c3\u00a9s de votre trajet, allumer et \u00c3\u00a9teindre votre v\u00c3\u00a9lo\nautomatiquement, consulter vos statistiques et suivre tous vos efforts.\n\n### Synchronisation des activit\u00c3\u00a9s\n\nSynchronisez automatiquement vos trajets sur Apple Health et Strava, et\nobtenez le meilleur de toutes vos activit\u00c3\u00a9s.\n\nL'app \u00c3 vos c\u00c3\u00b4t\u00c3\u00a9s est votre r\u00c3\u00a9f\u00c3\u00a9rence sur la route. Tous vos services\nrestent \u00c3 port\u00c3\u00a9e de main, n'importe o\u00c3\u00b9 et n'importe quand. Achetez du\nmat\u00c3\u00a9riel sur mesure, effectuez un diagnostic \u00c3 distance ou contactez notre\nservice client.\n\n### Service et assistance\n\nL'\u00c3\u00a9quipe Cowboy reste disponible dans l'app pour tout probl\u00c3\u00a8me technique ou\nd'entretien, o\u00c3\u00b9 que vous soyez.\n\n### Boutique d'accessoires\n\nTrouvez des accessoires et des pi\u00c3\u00a8ces d\u00c3\u00a9tach\u00c3\u00a9es compatibles avec votre\nv\u00c3\u00a9lo dans l'app et continuez \u00c3 rider en toute s\u00c3\u00a9r\u00c3\u00a9nit\u00c3\u00a9.\n\nLa meilleure fa\u00c3\u00a7on de d\u00c3\u00a9couvrir Connect est de l'essayer par vous-m\u00c3\u00aame.\nR\u00c3\u00a9servez votre essai gratuit en utilisant la carte ci-dessous et quelqu'un\napportera le mod\u00c3\u00a8le de votre choix directement \u00c3 votre adresse.\n\nVue d'ensemble\n\n### Caract\u00c3\u00a9ristiques incluses\n\nVotre v\u00c3\u00a9lo \u00c3\u00a9lectrique Cowboy prim\u00c3\u00a9 est dot\u00c3\u00a9 d'un grand nombre de\ncaract\u00c3\u00a9ristiques qui en font un plaisir \u00c3 rouler. Avec l'ajout du Cowboy\nConnect, vous pouvez le transformer en quelque chose d'encore plus\nextraordinaire.\n\n[ ](https://itunes.apple.com/be/app/cowboy-electric-\nbikes/id1262900539?ls=1&mt=8) [\n](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=bike.cowboy.app)\n\n| Connectivit\u00c3\u00a9 \nde base | Cowboy \nConnect \n---|---|--- \nPrix | Inclus avec tous les mod\u00c3\u00a8les | 199\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac \nNavigation via Google Maps | | \nTableau de bord | | \nStatistiques | | \nFind My Bike | | \nGroupes et classements | | \nProfils | | \nMises \u00c3 jour \u00c3 distance | | \nIn-Ride Games | | \nTheft Alerts | | \nShare My Ride | | \nD\u00c3\u00a9tection de chute | | \nAlertes pr\u00c3\u00a9dictives | | \nAlertes de s\u00c3\u00a9curit\u00c3\u00a9 | | \nApple Health & Strava | | \nIn-Ride Milestones | | \nAnalyse du trajet | | \n \n## Subventions Combien pouvez-vous \u00c3\u00a9conomiser\u00c2 ?\n\n\u00c3\u0089conomisez sur l'achat d'un nouveau Cowboy gr\u00c3\u00a2ce \u00c3 une subvention locale.\n\n## Explorez\n\n * [ Classic ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic)\n * [ Cruiser ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser)\n * [ Cruiser ST ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st)\n * [ Cross ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross)\n * [ Cross ST ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st)\n * [ Circular ](/fr-be/collections/circular)\n * [ Accessoires & pi\u00c3\u00a8ces ](/fr-be/collections/accessories)\n * [ R\u00c3\u00a9servez un essai ](/fr-be/pages/test-ride)\n\n## Services\n\n * [ Care ](/fr-be/products/cowboy-care)\n * [ Assurance vol ](/fr-be/products/theft-insurance)\n * [ M\u00c3\u00a9thodes de paiement ](/fr-be/pages/payment-methods)\n * [ Leasing ](/fr-be/pages/lease-a-cowboy)\n * [ Garantie ](/fr-be/products/warranty)\n * [ Business ](/fr-be/pages/business)\n * [ \u00c3\u0089tudiants ](/fr-be/pages/student-program)\n\n## \u00c3\u0080 propos\n\n * [ Avis ](/fr-be/blogs/reviews)\n * [ Presse ](/fr-be/blogs/press)\n * [ Blog ](/fr-be/blogs/stories)\n * [ Magasins ](/fr-be/pages/stores)\n * [ Carri\u00c3\u00a8res ](/fr-be/pages/careers)\n * [ Programme d'affiliation ](/fr-be/pages/affiliate)\n\n## Aide\n\n * [ Contact ](/fr-be/pages/contact-us)\n * [ FAQ ](https://help.cowboy.com)\n * [ Livraisons ](/fr-be/pages/delivery)\n * [ Retours ](/fr-be/pages/returns)\n\n## Une newsletter pas comme les autres\n\n * [ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/CowboyHQ/)\n * [ YouTube ](https://www.youtube.com/c/COWBOYBikes/featured)\n\n[ ](/fr-be/)\n\n[ B Corp ](/fr-be/pages/b-corp)\n\n* * *\n\n * [ Terms of use ](/fr-be/pages/terms-of-use)\n * [ Data protection policy ](/fr-be/pages/privacy-policy)\n * \u00c2\u00a9 2025 Cowboy \n\n",
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n[ **Service?** Nu bij 200+ winkels \nof gewoon bij jou thuis. _Meer info_ ](/nl-be/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ Welke Cowboy is geschikt voor jou? \nDoe de quiz ](/nl-be/pages/which-cowboy-is-right-for-you)\n\n## Je winkelwagentje\n\nNiks te zien hier, maar [ een testride is dichtbij ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride/)\n.\n\n[ Fiets toevoegen ](/cart) [ Shop accessoires ](/collections/accessories)\n\n## Je winkelwagentje\n\nNiks te zien hier, maar [ een testride is dichtbij ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride/)\n.\n\n[ Fiets toevoegen ](/cart) [ Shop accessoires ](/collections/accessories)\n\n# Cowboy Connect Games introduceren\n\nWe hebben Connect een spannende upgrade gegeven, inclusief 's werelds eerste\ninteractieve games tijdens het rijden. Lees verder om meer te weten te komen\nover alles wat Connect te bieden heeft en hoe het jouw bekroonde e-bike\nverandert in een baanbrekend vervoersmiddel.\n\nBeschikbaar voor alle riders op [ iOS\n](https://itunes.apple.com/be/app/cowboy-electric-\nbikes/id1262900539?ls=1&mt=8) en [ Android\n](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=bike.cowboy.app)\n\n### De ultieme verbonden rit\n\nOnze Cowboy community heeft samen 150 miljoen km gereden. Dankzij deze unieke\nintelligentie hebben we de toonaangevende veiligheidsfuncties in Connect,\nzoals veiligheidswaarschuwingen en crashdetectie.\n\n### In-Ride Games\n\nWe zijn er trots op dat we het eerste e-bike bedrijf zijn dat onze riders met\nelkaar in contact brengt door middel van leuke en spannende interactieve\ngames.\n\n## In-Ride Games\n\nTil je ritten naar een hoger niveau met onze spannende interactieve games.\nPush jezelf met toffe uitdagingen die lastiger worden naarmate je verder komt\nin de levels.\n\n## Push\n\nHoud je trapkracht 15 seconden boven de drempel aan om door te gaan naar het\nvolgende level. \nHet spel klinkt misschien eenvoudig, maar het voltooien van alle 25 levels is\ndat allesbehalve.\n\n## Burn\n\nVoel je fitter na deze intense uitdaging van \u00c3\u00a9\u00c3\u00a9n minuut. Push jezelf om de\nbalk te vullen en kijk of je hebt wat nodig is om je doel te bereiken.\n\n### In-Ride Milestones\n\nHoud je snelheid in de gaten en bekijk de statistieken van je rit in \u00c3\u00a9\u00c3\u00a9n\noogopslag of in detail. Vier je vooruitgang terwijl je rijdt met leuke In-Ride\nmilestones.\n\n## Gemoedsrust Wees gerust\n\nJe fiets in de gaten houden, zelfs als hij uit het zicht staat, is essentieel\nom hem veilig te bewaren. Dankzij onze ingebouwde GPS-tracking kun je je rit\naltijd lokaliseren, waar je ook bent.\n\n### Find My Bike\n\nDichtbij of ver weg, met GPS tracking kun je je fiets altijd lokaliseren. Volg\nhet signaal en bepaal de exacte locatie.\n\n### Theft Alerts\n\nAls we merken dat je fiets zonder jou onderweg is, brengen we je meteen op de\nhoogte.\n\n## Navigatie Blijf op koers\n\nGeniet van turn-by-turn navigatie en blijf verbonden tijdens elke rit met de\nvoorspellende technologie van Cowboy. Activeer Share My Ride om vrienden je\nreis in realtime te laten volgen en je ziet hun reacties onderweg.\n\n### Navigeer met Google Maps\n\nMet Google Maps ervaar je on-ride navigatie, exclusief voor de Cowboy\ncommunity. Zoek de schone lucht op, bevrijd je van files, laat je leiden naar\nje favorieten bestemmingen en vind zelfs parkeerplekken voor fietsen.\n\n### Dashboard\n\nVolg je snelheid en bekijk je rijstatistieken in \u00c3\u00a9\u00c3\u00a9n oogopslag of analyseer\nze meer in detail.\n\n## Share My Ride\n\nJe vrienden en familie kunnen je rit in real time volgen. Deel je rit en\nbekijk hun reacties van vertrek tot aankomst.\n\nFiets zorgeloos met Voorspellende waarschuwingen en Crashdetectie. Als je weet\nwanneer je moet opladen, of extra voorzichtig moet zijn op de weg, kan je\ngefocust blijven op de sensatie van de rit.\n\n### Waarschuwingen\n\nTerwijl jij rijdt, gaan wij op zoek naar gevaarlijke kruispunten op je route.\nAls we op 60 meter afstand een hotspot detecteren, raden we je aan om\nlangzamer te rijden.\n\nAltijd op de hoogte van je batterijniveau. Via een schatting van het\nresterende bereik en de laadherinneringen zit je nooit zonder energie.\n\n### Crashdetectie\n\nBij een ongeval controleren we of alles in orde is. Als dat niet zo is,\ninformeren we automatisch je contactpersoon en geven we jouw locatie door.\n\n## Community Social Fitness\n\nWord lid van de Cowboy-community en ontdek een wereld aan groepen fietsers om\nmet elkaar in contact te komen en de strijd aan te gaan. De ingebouwde\nsensoren in je fiets volgen al je activiteiten tot in detail.\n\n### Statistieken\n\nBekijk alle details van je activiteiten, zoals bewegingstijd, snelheid,\nhoogte, geleverd vermogen, verbrande calorie\u00c3\u00abn en meer.\n\n## Profielen\n\nOf je nu snel rijdt, de kilometers aaneenrijgt of grenzen verlegt, je profiel\nevolueert naargelang je records breekt en je horizon verbreedt.\n\n### Scorebord\n\nVergelijk je statistieken met die van andere Cowboy-riders. Houd je conditie\nbij en ontdek welke afstand je al hebt afgelegd.\n\n### Groepen\n\nWord lid van de Cowboy community en sluit je aan bij een van de duizenden\nridergroepen. Als je er geen vindt die bij je past, kun je er zelf een\nbeginnen.\n\n### Prestaties\n\nVerzamel badges voor je prestaties en wees trots op jezelf.\n\nDankzij de integratie van Apple Health en Strava kun je je ritten automatisch\nsynchroniseren en krijg je erkenning voor al je activiteiten. Vul je rit aan\nmet de Apple Watch en Wear OS app om te zien hoeveel je beweegt.\n\n### Apple Watch en Wear OS-app\n\nMet jouw ride essentials bij de hand schakel je jouw fiets automatisch aan en\nuit, bekijk je je statistieken en houd je al jouw statistieken bij met de\nCowboy Apple Watch- en Wear OS-app.\n\n### Trips Sync\n\nSynchroniseer automatisch alle gegevens over je conditie met Apple Health en\nStrava en word beloond voor al je activiteiten.\n\nDe app is je trouwe partner voor alles wat je onderweg nodig hebt. Altijd en\noveral. Koop accessoires, bekijk diagnoses op afstand of chat met onze\nklantenservice.\n\n### Service en ondersteuning\n\nVia de chat in de app beantwoordt het Cowboy team al je vragen over onderhoud\nof een technische kwestie.\n\n### Shop\n\nVind accessoires en vervangende ondedelen voor je fiets in de app en blijf\nsoepel rijden.\n\nDe beste manier om Connect te leren kennen is door het zelf te proberen. Boek\neen gratis testrit met behulp van de kaart hieronder en iemand brengt het door\njou gekozen model direct naar jouw adres.\n\nOverzicht\n\n### Inbegrepen functies\n\nJe bekroonde Cowboy e-bike wordt geleverd met een heleboel functies waardoor\nje er met plezier op rijdt. Met de toevoeging van Cowboy Connect kun je er nog\niets specialers van maken.\n\n[ ](https://itunes.apple.com/be/app/cowboy-electric-\nbikes/id1262900539?ls=1&mt=8) [\n](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=bike.cowboy.app)\n\n| Core \nConnectivity | Cowboy \nConnect \n---|---|--- \nPrijs | Inbegrepen bij alle modellen | \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 199 \nGoogle Maps Navigatie | | \nDashboard | | \nRitgegevens | | \nFind My Bike | | \nGroepen & Scoreborden | | \nProfielen | | \nOver the air updates | | \nIn-Ride Games | | \nTheft Alerts | | \nShare My Ride | | \nCrashdetectie | | \nVoorspellende Meldingen | | \nVeiligheidswaarschuwingen | | \nApple Health & Strava | | \nIn-Ride Milestones | | \nRitanalyse | | \n \n## Subsidies Hoeveel gaat u besparen?\n\nBesparen op een nieuwe Cowboy met een lokale subsidie.\n\n## Ontdek\n\n * [ Classic ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic)\n * [ Cruiser ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser)\n * [ Cruiser ST ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st)\n * [ Cross ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross)\n * [ Cross ST ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st)\n * [ Circular ](/nl-be/collections/circular)\n * [ Accessoires & onderdelen ](/nl-be/collections/accessories)\n * [ Boek een testrit ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride)\n\n## Services\n\n * [ Care ](/nl-be/products/cowboy-care)\n * [ Diefstalverzekering ](/nl-be/products/theft-insurance)\n * [ Betalingsmethoden ](/nl-be/pages/payment-methods)\n * [ Leasing ](/nl-be/pages/lease-a-cowboy)\n * [ Garantie ](/nl-be/products/warranty)\n * [ Business ](/nl-be/pages/business)\n * [ Studenten ](/nl-be/pages/student-program)\n\n## Over ons\n\n * [ Reviews ](/nl-be/blogs/reviews)\n * [ Pers ](/nl-be/blogs/press)\n * [ Blog ](/nl-be/blogs/stories)\n * [ Winkels ](/nl-be/pages/stores)\n * [ Vacatures ](/nl-be/pages/careers)\n * [ Affiliate-programma ](/nl-be/pages/affiliate)\n\n## Help\n\n * [ Contact ](/nl-be/pages/contact-us)\n * [ FAQ ](https://help.cowboy.com)\n * [ Levering ](/nl-be/pages/delivery)\n * [ Retourneren ](/nl-be/pages/returns)\n\n## Geen nieuwsbrief zoals alle anderen\n\n * [ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/CowboyHQ/)\n * [ YouTube ](https://www.youtube.com/c/COWBOYBikes/featured)\n\n[ ](/nl-be/)\n\n[ B Corp ](/nl-be/pages/b-corp)\n\n* * *\n\n * [ Terms of use ](/nl-be/pages/terms-of-use)\n * [ Data protection policy ](/nl-be/pages/privacy-policy)\n * \u00c2\u00a9 2025 Cowboy \n\n",
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n[ **Service?** Nu bij 200+ winkels \nof gewoon bij jou thuis. _Meer info_ ](/nl-be/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ Welke Cowboy is geschikt voor jou? \nDoe de quiz ](/nl-be/pages/which-cowboy-is-right-for-you)\n\n## Je winkelwagentje\n\nNiks te zien hier, maar [ een testride is dichtbij ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride/)\n.\n\n[ Fiets toevoegen ](/cart) [ Shop accessoires ](/collections/accessories)\n\n## Je winkelwagentje\n\nNiks te zien hier, maar [ een testride is dichtbij ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride/)\n.\n\n[ Fiets toevoegen ](/cart) [ Shop accessoires ](/collections/accessories)\n\n# Adaptive Power 2.0 Super. Natuurlijk.\n\nAdaptive Power 2.0\n\nMet AdaptivePower\u00e2\u0084\u00a2 technologie denkt je fiets voor zichzelf. Kom weerstand\ntegen op de weg en hij past zich onmiddellijk aan aan wat er om je heen\ngebeurt. Krijg bovenmenselijke kracht wanneer je die nodig hebt - en ervaar\nhet meest natuurlijke ritgevoel ooit.\n\nVersie 2.0 Nieuwe update 2024\n\nSinds 2023 zorgt AdaptivePower ervoor dat heuvels vlak aanvoelen, zware\nladingen gewichtloos aanvoelen en tegenwind een koud kunstje is. Dankzij deze\nupdate kun je heuvels nu 50% steiler bedwingen zonder extra trapkracht - en\ntijdens het rijden op het vlakke kan het je 10% extra batterijvermogen\nbesparen.\n\n### Technologie\n\nOnze unieke end-to-end hardware plus software maakt Cowboy anders dan alle\nandere fietsen op de markt.\n\n## Hoe het werkt\n\nKoppelsensor\n\nMotorsturing\n\nBesturingssysteem\n\nKoppelsensor\n\nMotorsturing\n\nBesturingssysteem\n\n### Precisie ontworpen\n\nAdaptivePower 2.0 is gekalibreerd op het gewicht en de afmetingen van onze\nverschillende fietsen, getweakt voor een specifieke vermogensverdeling en de\nsoepelst denkbare rit.\n\nBeter naarmate je ouder wordt\n\nDankzij draadloze updates wordt je fiets steeds beter, lang nadat je hem hebt\ngekocht. Cowboy riders kunnen AdaptivePower 2.0 gratis downloaden en\ninstalleren in minder dan een minuut.\n\n## Realtime beloning\n\nVoel meteen de kracht als je trapt en zie de animatie in je dashboard. Als je\nbatterij bijna leeg is - of als je meer trapkracht wilt leveren - kun je met\n\u00c3\u00a9\u00c3\u00a9n tik overschakelen naar Eco Power.\n\n### AdaptivePower 2.0\n\nHet algoritme achter AdaptivePower 2.0 verfijnder dan ooit - in staat om nog\nmeer veranderingen in omgeving en terrein te detecteren.\n\nDe beste manier om AdaptivePower 2.0 te leren kennen is door het zelf te\nproberen. Boek een gratis testrit met behulp van de kaart hieronder en iemand\nbrengt het door jou gekozen model direct naar jouw adres.\n\nVergelijk onze modellen\n\nKies een e-bike uit onze prijswinnaars die bij je stijl past.\n\n| | | | | \n---|---|---|---|---|--- \n| Cruiser Comfortabele, rechte zithouding | Cruiser\u00c2 ST Lage instap en ontspannen zithouding | Classic Actieve zithouding voor een responsieve rit | Cross Veringscomfort en groter bereik | Cross\u00c2 ST Lage instap, vering en groter bereik \nZithouding | Ontspannen | Ontspannen | Actief | Ontspannen | Ontspannen \nLengte van de fietser | Geschikt voor fietsers van 170\u00e2\u0080\u0093195 cm | Geschikt voor fietsers van 165\u00e2\u0080\u0093190 cm | Geschikt voor fietsers van 170\u00e2\u0080\u0093195 cm | Geschikt voor fietsers van 165\u00e2\u0080\u0093195 cm | Geschikt voor fietsers van 155\u00e2\u0080\u0093195 cm \nUitneembare batterij | Actieradius van 40\u00e2\u0080\u009390 km | Actieradius van 40\u00e2\u0080\u009390 km | Actieradius van 40\u00e2\u0080\u009390 km | Actieradius van 60\u00e2\u0080\u0093120 km | Actieradius van 60\u00e2\u0080\u0093120 km \nTotaalgewicht van de fiets | 19,4 kg | 19,3 kg | 19,0 kg | 27,9 kg | 26,5 kg \nType stuur | Gebogen stuur | Gebogen stuur | Recht stuur | Gebogen stuur | Gebogen stuur \nStuurbreedte | 62 cm | 57 cm | 54 cm | 57 cm | 57 cm \nType zadel | Comfort | Comfort | Sport | Comfort | Comfort \nTrapfrequentie | Overbrengingsverhouding 3,00 (60/20) | Overbrengingsverhouding 2,71 (57/21) | Overbrengingsverhouding 2,86 (60/21) | Overbrengingsverhouding 2,86 (60/21) | Overbrengingsverhouding 2,86 (60/21) \nOndersteunde snelheid | Ondersteuning tot 25 km/u | Ondersteuning tot 25 km/u | Ondersteuning tot 25 km/u | Ondersteuning tot 25 km/u | Ondersteuning tot 25 km/u \n| [ Ontdek ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser) | [ Ontdek ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st) | [ Ontdek ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic) | [ Ontdek ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross) | [ Ontdek ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st) \n \n## Subsidies Hoeveel gaat u besparen?\n\nBesparen op een nieuwe Cowboy met een lokale subsidie.\n\n## Ontdek\n\n * [ Classic ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic)\n * [ Cruiser ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser)\n * [ Cruiser ST ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st)\n * [ Cross ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross)\n * [ Cross ST ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st)\n * [ Circular ](/nl-be/collections/circular)\n * [ Accessoires & onderdelen ](/nl-be/collections/accessories)\n * [ Boek een testrit ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride)\n\n## Services\n\n * [ Care ](/nl-be/products/cowboy-care)\n * [ Diefstalverzekering ](/nl-be/products/theft-insurance)\n * [ Betalingsmethoden ](/nl-be/pages/payment-methods)\n * [ Leasing ](/nl-be/pages/lease-a-cowboy)\n * [ Garantie ](/nl-be/products/warranty)\n * [ Business ](/nl-be/pages/business)\n * [ Studenten ](/nl-be/pages/student-program)\n\n## Over ons\n\n * [ Reviews ](/nl-be/blogs/reviews)\n * [ Pers ](/nl-be/blogs/press)\n * [ Blog ](/nl-be/blogs/stories)\n * [ Winkels ](/nl-be/pages/stores)\n * [ Vacatures ](/nl-be/pages/careers)\n * [ Affiliate-programma ](/nl-be/pages/affiliate)\n\n## Help\n\n * [ Contact ](/nl-be/pages/contact-us)\n * [ FAQ ](https://help.cowboy.com)\n * [ Levering ](/nl-be/pages/delivery)\n * [ Retourneren ](/nl-be/pages/returns)\n\n## Geen nieuwsbrief zoals alle anderen\n\n * [ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/CowboyHQ/)\n * [ YouTube ](https://www.youtube.com/c/COWBOYBikes/featured)\n\n[ ](/nl-be/)\n\n[ B Corp ](/nl-be/pages/b-corp)\n\n* * *\n\n * [ Terms of use ](/nl-be/pages/terms-of-use)\n * [ Data protection policy ](/nl-be/pages/privacy-policy)\n * \u00c2\u00a9 2025 Cowboy \n\n",
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n[ **Service\u00c2 ?** D\u00c3\u00a9sormais dans plus de 200 magasins \nou chez vous. _En savoir plus_ ](/fr-be/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ Quel Cowboy vous convient le mieux\u00c2 ? \nCommencez le quiz ](/fr-be/pages/which-cowboy-is-right-for-you)\n\n## Votre panier\n\nIl n'y a rien par ici, mais [ il y a des test rides par-l\u00c3 ](/fr-\nbe/pages/test-ride/) .\n\n[ Ajouter un v\u00c3\u00a9lo ](/cart) [ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez les accessoires\n](/collections/accessories)\n\n## Votre panier\n\nIl n'y a rien par ici, mais [ il y a des test rides par-l\u00c3 ](/fr-\nbe/pages/test-ride/) .\n\n[ Ajouter un v\u00c3\u00a9lo ](/cart) [ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez les accessoires\n](/collections/accessories)\n\n# Quel Cowboy vous convient le mieux ? Trouvez votre moiti\u00c3\u00a9\n\n## Explorez\n\n * [ Classic ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic)\n * [ Cruiser ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser)\n * [ Cruiser ST ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st)\n * [ Cross ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross)\n * [ Cross ST ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st)\n * [ Circular ](/fr-be/collections/circular)\n * [ Accessoires & pi\u00c3\u00a8ces ](/fr-be/collections/accessories)\n * [ R\u00c3\u00a9servez un essai ](/fr-be/pages/test-ride)\n\n## Services\n\n * [ Care ](/fr-be/products/cowboy-care)\n * [ Assurance vol ](/fr-be/products/theft-insurance)\n * [ M\u00c3\u00a9thodes de paiement ](/fr-be/pages/payment-methods)\n * [ Leasing ](/fr-be/pages/lease-a-cowboy)\n * [ Garantie ](/fr-be/products/warranty)\n * [ Business ](/fr-be/pages/business)\n * [ \u00c3\u0089tudiants ](/fr-be/pages/student-program)\n\n## \u00c3\u0080 propos\n\n * [ Avis ](/fr-be/blogs/reviews)\n * [ Presse ](/fr-be/blogs/press)\n * [ Blog ](/fr-be/blogs/stories)\n * [ Magasins ](/fr-be/pages/stores)\n * [ Carri\u00c3\u00a8res ](/fr-be/pages/careers)\n * [ Programme d'affiliation ](/fr-be/pages/affiliate)\n\n## Aide\n\n * [ Contact ](/fr-be/pages/contact-us)\n * [ FAQ ](https://help.cowboy.com)\n * [ Livraisons ](/fr-be/pages/delivery)\n * [ Retours ](/fr-be/pages/returns)\n\n## Une newsletter pas comme les autres\n\n * [ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/CowboyHQ/)\n * [ YouTube ](https://www.youtube.com/c/COWBOYBikes/featured)\n\n[ ](/fr-be/)\n\n[ B Corp ](/fr-be/pages/b-corp)\n\n* * *\n\n * [ Terms of use ](/fr-be/pages/terms-of-use)\n * [ Data protection policy ](/fr-be/pages/privacy-policy)\n * \u00c2\u00a9 2025 Cowboy \n\n",
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n[ **Service\u00c2 ?** D\u00c3\u00a9sormais dans plus de 200 magasins \nou chez vous. _En savoir plus_ ](/fr-be/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ Quel Cowboy vous convient le mieux\u00c2 ? \nCommencez le quiz ](/fr-be/pages/which-cowboy-is-right-for-you)\n\n## Votre panier\n\nIl n'y a rien par ici, mais [ il y a des test rides par-l\u00c3 ](/fr-\nbe/pages/test-ride/) .\n\n[ Ajouter un v\u00c3\u00a9lo ](/cart) [ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez les accessoires\n](/collections/accessories)\n\n## Votre panier\n\nIl n'y a rien par ici, mais [ il y a des test rides par-l\u00c3 ](/fr-\nbe/pages/test-ride/) .\n\n[ Ajouter un v\u00c3\u00a9lo ](/cart) [ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez les accessoires\n](/collections/accessories)\n\n# Cruiser\u00c2 ST Le plus beau v\u00c3\u00a9lo familial\n\n\u00c3\u0080 partir de 2\u00e2\u0080\u00af999\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\n\n[ Commandez \u00c3 partir de 2\u00e2\u0080\u00af999\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Commandez maintenant ](/fr-\nbe/cart?model=cruiser-st) [ R\u00c3\u00a9servez un essai Essais ](/fr-be/pages/test-\nride?model=cruiser-st#type)\n\nCruiser\u00c2 ST \u00c3 partir de 2\u00e2\u0080\u00af999\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\n\n## D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez le Cruiser\u00c2 ST, son style moderne et son confort\nincontournable. Embarquez pour un trajet sans effort sur un v\u00c3\u00a9lo \u00c3\u00a9lectrique\ncon\u00c3\u00a7u pour vous.\n\n[ Configurez ](/fr-be/cart?model=cruiser-st) [ R\u00c3\u00a9servez un essai gratuit\n](/fr-be/pages/test-ride?model=cruiser-st#type)\n\n## \u00c3\u0089dition limit\u00c3\u00a9e\n\nRetrouvez le ciel bleu avec la nouvelle couleur **Brise** .\n\n### \u00c3\u0089dition Limit\u00c3\u00a9e \u00e2\u0080\u0093 teinte Brise\n\nSaisissez l'opportunit\u00c3\u00a9 de briller avec notre \u00c3\u0089dition Limit\u00c3\u00a9e. R\u00c3\u00a9servez le\nv\u00c3\u00b4tre d\u00c3\u00a8s maintenant.\n\n[ Acheter maintenant ](/fr-be/cart?model=cruiser-st)\n\n[ **Plus de 200 points de service** Des r\u00c3\u00a9parations expertes \u00c3 proximit\u00c3\u00a9. Ou\ndirectement \u00c3 votre porte. ](/fr-be/pages/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ **D\u00c3\u00a9tection de vol de pointe** Gardez l'avantage avec le suivi GPS et les\nalertes de vol. ](/fr-be/products/connect)\n\n[ **Garantie de 2 ans** Prot\u00c3\u00a9g\u00c3\u00a9 l\u00c3 o\u00c3\u00b9 \u00c3\u00a7a compte. L'esprit tranquille\ngaranti. ](/fr-be/products/warranty)\n\n[ **Paiement en plusieurs fois** Payez en 3 fois sans frais ou louez un\nCowboy. ](/fr-be/pages/payment-methods)\n\n## Avantages de Cruiser\u00c2 ST\n\nOptimis\u00c3\u00a9e pour les cyclistes mesurant entre 165-190\u00c2 cm\n\nGuidon incurv\u00c3\u00a9\n\nSelle confort\n\nCockpit sur\u00c3\u00a9lev\u00c3\u00a9\n\nPosition droite\n\nKomfortable fahrt\n\nCadre ouvert\n\n> \" C'est un plaisir de l'utiliser au quotidien. Pas de vitesses \u00c3 passer,\n> puissant et rapide. \" Cowboy rider Jean-marc\n\n> \" Rouler avec un Cowboy au quotidien, ce n'est que du bonheur \" Cowboy rider\n> Franck\n\n> \" Je ne savais pas que j'avais besoin d'un v\u00c3\u00a9lo connect\u00c3\u00a9 dans ma vie, mais\n> maintenant je ne peux plus m'en passer \" Cowboy rider R\u00c3\u00a9mi\n\n> \" Super v\u00c3\u00a9lo, tr\u00c3\u00a8s simple \u00c3 utiliser et avec un design impeccable \" Cowboy\n> rider Cindy\n\n> \" L'exp\u00c3\u00a9rience est incroyable, le moteur adapte bien la puissance sur mes\n> trajets de 40km par jour \" Cowboy rider St\u00c3\u00a9phane\n\nCowboy rider Jean-marc\n\nCowboy rider Franck\n\nCowboy rider R\u00c3\u00a9mi\n\nCowboy rider Cindy\n\nCowboy rider St\u00c3\u00a9phane\n\n### Trajet connect\u00c3\u00a9\n\nLe guidon incurv\u00c3\u00a9 se d\u00c3\u00a9ploie autour du cockpit et offre une bonne prise en\nmain. Chargez votre t\u00c3\u00a9l\u00c3\u00a9phone sans fil tandis que le GPS vous montre la\nroute.\n\n### Cowboy AdaptivePower\u00e2\u0084\u00a2\n\n### Batterie amovible\n\nAvec une allure aussi \u00c3\u00a9l\u00c3\u00a9gante, vous voudrez garder un \u00c5\u0093il sur votre Cowboy\npour v\u00c3\u00a9rifier qu'il est en s\u00c3\u00a9curit\u00c3\u00a9. Assurez-le, tracez-le et roulez\nl'esprit tranquille.\n\nQuel Cowboy vous convient le mieux\u00c2 ? R\u00c3\u00a9pondez \u00c3 notre quiz pour en savoir\nplus\n\n### Auto Lock\n\n### Suivi GPS\n\nAvec son cockpit sur\u00c3\u00a9lev\u00c3\u00a9 et son guidon incurv\u00c3\u00a9, le cadre sport \u00c3\u00a9l\u00c3\u00a9gant\ndu Cruiser rend tous vos trajets confortables. Installez-vous sur la large\nselle et plus rien ne vous arr\u00c3\u00aatera.\n\n * Selle confort \n\n * Cockpit sur\u00c3\u00a9lev\u00c3\u00a9, guidon incurv\u00c3\u00a9 \n\nUne posture plus droite pour \nencore plus de style\n\nLes v\u00c3\u00a9los Cowboy sont con\u00c3\u00a7us pour \u00c3\u00aatre \u00c3\u00a9l\u00c3\u00a9gants \u00c3 l'int\u00c3\u00a9rieur comme \u00c3\nl'ext\u00c3\u00a9rieur. Chaque d\u00c3\u00a9tail s'int\u00c3\u00a8gre parfaitement sur le cadre et est de\nhaute qualit\u00c3\u00a9.\n\n### Le design en d\u00c3\u00a9tails\n\nChaque d\u00c3\u00a9tail a \u00c3\u00a9t\u00c3\u00a9 pris en compte, il est con\u00c3\u00a7u pour r\u00c3\u00a9sister longtemps\naux intemp\u00c3\u00a9ries.\n\n### Savoir-faire\n\nGr\u00c3\u00a2ce \u00c3 l'excellence de Cowboy en mati\u00c3\u00a8re d'ing\u00c3\u00a9nierie, aussi bien les\nriders que les experts en design nous font confiance.\n\n### Mat\u00c3\u00a9riaux\n\nChaque \u00c3\u00a9l\u00c3\u00a9ment visible ou invisible est construit, dans des mat\u00c3\u00a9riaux de\nqualit\u00c3\u00a9 sup\u00c3\u00a9rieure.\n\n### Toujours \u00c3\u00a9quip\u00c3\u00a9\n\nDes accessoires personnalis\u00c3\u00a9s pour une \u00c3\u00a9tonnante versatilit\u00c3\u00a9 sur la route,\nainsi que des pi\u00c3\u00a8ces d\u00c3\u00a9tach\u00c3\u00a9es lorsque vous en avez besoin.\n\n[ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez les accessoires ](/fr-be/collections/accessories)\n\n> \" On se rapproche plus de la Tesla \" TechCrunch\n\n> \" Le meilleur v\u00c3\u00a9lo \u00c3\u00a9lectrique pour les navetteurs \" TechCrunch\n\n> \" Il y a un nouveau v\u00c3\u00a9lo \u00c3\u00a9lectrique en ville \" Wallpaper\n\nTechCrunch\n\nTechCrunch\n\nWallpaper\n\n## Vous \u00c3\u00aates aux commandes\n\nL'un des points forts du design est la batterie amovible int\u00c3\u00a9gr\u00c3\u00a9e au cadre.\nIl vous suffit de l'emporter pour la charger et de la remettre en place pour\nvotre prochain trajet.\n\n * * Temps de charge de 2h 54min \n * L\u00c3\u00a9g\u00c3\u00a8re \n\n### Alertes pr\u00c3\u00a9dictives\n\nNotre technologie avanc\u00c3\u00a9e calcule l'autonomie de votre v\u00c3\u00a9lo en fonction de\nvotre mani\u00c3\u00a8re de rouler. Vous recevez des notifications en temps voulu\nlorsqu'il est temps de recharger votre batterie ou de passer en Puissance\n\u00c3\u00a9co, pour une efficacit\u00c3\u00a9 optimale.\n\n## Le guide ultime Combien pouvez-vous \u00c3\u00a9conomiser\u00c2 ?\n\nTout ce que vous devez savoir sur le v\u00c3\u00a9lo \u00c3\u00a9lectrique connect\u00c3\u00a9 ultime.\n\n## Cowboy AdaptivePower\u00e2\u0084\u00a2 Super. Naturel.\n\nGr\u00c3\u00a2ce \u00c3 sa technologie AdaptivePower, ce v\u00c3\u00a9lo est autonome. Si vous\nrencontrez une quelconque r\u00c3\u00a9sistance sur la route, le Cowboy s'adapte\ninstantan\u00c3\u00a9ment \u00c3 ce qui vous entoure. Gagnez en puissance lorsque vous en\navez le plus besoin et roulez l'esprit tranquille.\n\n[ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez la technologie ](/fr-be/pages/adaptive-power)\n\nLa mise \u00c3 jour AdaptivePower 2.0 am\u00c3\u00a9liore consid\u00c3\u00a9rablement la sensibilit\u00c3\u00a9 \u00c3\nl'environnement int\u00c3\u00a9gr\u00c3\u00a9e au syst\u00c3\u00a8me pour d\u00c3\u00a9tecter tout changement dans vos\nconditions de route avec plus de pr\u00c3\u00a9cision que jamais.\n\n### D\u00c3\u00a9nivel\u00c3\u00a9\n\nSi l'inclinaison de la pente augmente, vous remonterez la pente sans ralentir.\n\n### Vent de face\n\nLe v\u00c3\u00a9lo d\u00c3\u00a9tecte la force du vent et vous donne la puissance suppl\u00c3\u00a9mentaire\ndont vous avez besoin pour le traverser.\n\n### Gravit\u00c3\u00a9\n\nEmportez tout votre \u00c3\u00a9quipement sur le v\u00c3\u00a9lo et vous serez soutenu pour\nsupporter le poids suppl\u00c3\u00a9mentaire sans probl\u00c3\u00a8me.\n\n### Technologie AdaptivePower\n\nGr\u00c3\u00a2ce \u00c3 un capteur de r\u00c3\u00a9sistance int\u00c3\u00a9gr\u00c3\u00a9 \u00c3 la technologie sur mesure du\nmoteur, le v\u00c3\u00a9lo vous offre un niveau de puissance constant pour maintenir\nvotre vitesse ou prendre de l'\u00c3\u00a9lan dans les mont\u00c3\u00a9es.\n\n[ En savoir plus ](/fr-be/pages/adaptive-power)\n\nVous avez vu comment fonctionne la technologie AdaptivePower, maintenant\nessayez-la gratuitement. Nous venons \u00c3 vous.\n\n## Votre v\u00c3\u00a9lo s'allume et s'\u00c3\u00a9teint automatiquement et votre t\u00c3\u00a9l\u00c3\u00a9phone se\nrecharge sans fil dans le cockpit pour une conduite sans effort du d\u00c3\u00a9but \u00c3 la\nfin.\n\n## Vous avez trouv\u00c3\u00a9 votre moiti\u00c3\u00a9\n\n### Compagnon de route\n\nAvec un alli\u00c3\u00a9 constamment connect\u00c3\u00a9 \u00c3 la route, vous ridez bien inform\u00c3\u00a9(e).\n\n### Navigation\n\nO\u00c3\u00b9 que vous alliez, nous vous guidons vers vos destinations pr\u00c3\u00a9f\u00c3\u00a9r\u00c3\u00a9es en\ngardant l'\u00c5\u0093il sur le meilleur itin\u00c3\u00a9raire.\n\n### Un esprit sain dans un corps sain. Nous vous montrons ce que vous avez\naccompli \u00c3 chaque trajet.\n\nTableau de bord\n\nVoyez le vrai potentiel de votre trajet avec Connect. Affrontez d'autres\nriders avec les In-Ride Games, c\u00c3\u00a9l\u00c3\u00a9brez vos progr\u00c3\u00a8s avec les Milestones et\nsoyez tranquille avec le suivi GPS et les Theft Alerts.\n\n### Share My Ride\n\nVos proches peuvent suivre vos trajets en temps r\u00c3\u00a9el. Choisissez de partager\nvotre trajet et ils pourront r\u00c3\u00a9agir pendant que vous p\u00c3\u00a9dalez.\n\n### Alertes pr\u00c3\u00a9dictives\n\nPar beau ou mauvais temps (qu'il pleuve, neige ou gr\u00c3\u00aale), les alertes m\u00c3\u00a9t\u00c3\u00a9o\nen direct et les mises \u00c3 jour sur la qualit\u00c3\u00a9 de l'air vous accompagnent dans\ntous vos d\u00c3\u00a9placements\n\n### Assistance fitness et Apple\u00c2 Watch\n\nSynchronisez automatiquement vos trajets avec Apple Health et Strava et\ncompl\u00c3\u00a9tez-les avec les applications Apple\u00c2 Watch ou Wear\u00c2 OS Cowboy\n\n### Connect\n\nCon\u00c3\u00a7u sp\u00c3\u00a9cifiquement pour Google Maps et int\u00c3\u00a9gr\u00c3\u00a9 \u00c3 Strava et Apple\u00c2 Watch,\nConnect partage avec vous toutes les informations sur vos trajets.\n\n[ Explorez ](/fr-be/products/connect)\n\nConsultez vos statistiques en un coup d'\u00c5\u0093il tandis que votre profil Cowboy\n\u00c3\u00a9volue. Vous pouvez comparer vos performances \u00c3 celles des autres riders dans\nvotre fil d'actualit\u00c3\u00a9 tout en attisant votre esprit de comp\u00c3\u00a9tition.\n\n### Profils\n\nVos caract\u00c3\u00a9ristiques uniques de cycliste vous montrent, ainsi qu'\u00c3 votre\ncommunaut\u00c3\u00a9, comment vous aimez rider.\n\n### Accomplissements\n\nCollectionnez les badges \u00c3 chaque \u00c3\u00a9tape parcourue et arborez-les fi\u00c3\u00a8rement.\n\n### Groupes\n\nPlus on est de fous, plus on rit. Rejoignez d'autres riders qui partagent vos\ncentres d'int\u00c3\u00a9r\u00c3\u00aat ou votre environnement.\n\n### Accomplissements\n\nCollectionnez les badges \u00c3 chaque \u00c3\u00a9tape parcourue et arborez-les fi\u00c3\u00a8rement.\n\n# Amsterdam\n\nRejoint par 565 riders\n\nL'application est disponible en anglais, allemand, fran\u00c3\u00a7ais et n\u00c3\u00a9erlandais.\n\n### Groupes\n\nPlus on est de fous, plus on rit. Rejoignez d'autres riders qui partagent vos\ncentres d'int\u00c3\u00a9r\u00c3\u00aat ou votre environnement.\n\n### Profils\n\nVos caract\u00c3\u00a9ristiques uniques de cycliste vous montrent, ainsi qu'\u00c3 votre\ncommunaut\u00c3\u00a9, comment vous aimez rider.\n\nSuivez votre v\u00c3\u00a9lo o\u00c3\u00b9 que vous soyez gr\u00c3\u00a2ce \u00c3 l'application. Elle vous alerte\nsi votre Cowboy se d\u00c3\u00a9place sans vous. Les d\u00c3\u00a9tecteurs int\u00c3\u00a9gr\u00c3\u00a9s et le GPS\ns'allient pour vous informer. Ridez l'esprit tranquille.\n\n### Find My Bike\n\nV\u00c3\u00a9rifiez que votre v\u00c3\u00a9lo est bien verrouill\u00c3\u00a9 \u00c3 proximit\u00c3\u00a9 ou suivez tous ses\nmouvements avec le tra\u00c3\u00a7age GPS.\n\n### Theft Alerts\n\nLes alertes vol vous informent si quelqu'un essaie de voler votre v\u00c3\u00a9lo. Le\nsuivi GPS en temps r\u00c3\u00a9el vous aidera \u00c3 le r\u00c3\u00a9cup\u00c3\u00a9rer.\n\n[ inclus avec Cowboy Connect ](/fr-be/products/connect)\n\n### Alertes de s\u00c3\u00a9curit\u00c3\u00a9 et d\u00c3\u00a9tection des collisions\n\nL'appli signale les points n\u00c3\u00a9vralgiques des collisions le long de votre\nitin\u00c3\u00a9raire et les capteurs du v\u00c3\u00a9lo d\u00c3\u00a9tectent toute chute pour avertir vos\ncontacts d'urgence.\n\n### Find My Bike\n\nV\u00c3\u00a9rifiez que votre v\u00c3\u00a9lo est bien verrouill\u00c3\u00a9 \u00c3 proximit\u00c3\u00a9 ou suivez tous ses\nmouvements avec le tra\u00c3\u00a7age GPS.\n\n### Alertes de s\u00c3\u00a9curit\u00c3\u00a9 et d\u00c3\u00a9tection des collisions\n\nL'appli signale les points n\u00c3\u00a9vralgiques des collisions le long de votre\nitin\u00c3\u00a9raire et les capteurs du v\u00c3\u00a9lo d\u00c3\u00a9tectent toute chute pour avertir vos\ncontacts d'urgence.\n\n### Theft Alerts\n\nLes alertes vol vous informent si quelqu'un essaie de voler votre v\u00c3\u00a9lo. Le\nsuivi GPS en temps r\u00c3\u00a9el vous aidera \u00c3 le r\u00c3\u00a9cup\u00c3\u00a9rer.\n\n### \u00c3\u0080 votre service\n\nCowboy est l\u00c3 pour vous \u00c3 chaque virage. L'app vous propose une assistance,\nune protection suppl\u00c3\u00a9mentaire avec votre couverture d'assurance et un r\u00c3\u00a9seau\nde techniciens sur la route et chez vous.\n\n[ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez nos services ](/fr-be/collections/services/)\n\nParcourez notre gamme de v\u00c3\u00a9los \u00c3\u00a9lectriques prim\u00c3\u00a9s pour trouver celui qui\nvous correspond.\n\n| | | | | \n---|---|---|---|---|--- \n| Cruiser\u00c2 ST Cadre ouvert et position d\u00c3\u00a9tendue | Cruiser Position d\u00c3\u00a9tendue pour une conduite confortable | Classic Position active pour une conduite r\u00c3\u00a9active | Cross Confort de suspension et autonomie accrue | Cross\u00c2 ST Cadre ouvert, suspension et autonomie accrue \nPosition de conduite | D\u00c3\u00a9tendue | D\u00c3\u00a9tendue | Active | D\u00c3\u00a9tendue | D\u00c3\u00a9tendue \nTaille du cycliste | Adapt\u00c3\u00a9 aux cyclistes de 165 \u00c3 190 cm | Adapt\u00c3\u00a9 aux cyclistes de 170 \u00c3 195 cm | Adapt\u00c3\u00a9 aux cyclistes de 170 \u00c3 195 cm | Adapt\u00c3\u00a9 aux cyclistes de 165 \u00c3 195 cm | Adapt\u00c3\u00a9 aux cyclistes de 155 \u00c3 195 cm \nBatterie amovible | Autonomie de 40 \u00c3 90 km | Autonomie de 40 \u00c3 90 km | Autonomie de 40 \u00c3 90 km | Autonomie de 60 \u00c3 120 km | Autonomie de 60 \u00c3 120 km \nPoids total du v\u00c3\u00a9lo | 19,3 kg | 19,4 kg | 19,0 kg | 27,9 kg | 26,5 kg \nType de guidon | Guidon courb\u00c3\u00a9 | Guidon courb\u00c3\u00a9 | Guidon droit | Guidon courb\u00c3\u00a9 | Guidon courb\u00c3\u00a9 \nLargeur du guidon | 57 cm | 62 cm | 54 cm | 57 cm | 57 cm \nType de selle | Confort | Confort | Sport | Confort | Confort \nCadence de p\u00c3\u00a9dalage | Ratio de transmission 2,71 (57/21) | Ratio de transmission 3,00 (60/20) | Ratio de transmission 2,86 (60/21) | Ratio de transmission 2,86 (60/21) | Ratio de transmission 2,86 (60/21) \nVitesse d'assistance max. | Assistance jusqu'\u00c3 25 km/h | Assistance jusqu'\u00c3 25 km/h | Assistance jusqu'\u00c3 25 km/h | Assistance jusqu'\u00c3 25 km/h | Assistance jusqu'\u00c3 25 km/h \n| | [ Explorez ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser) | [ Explorez ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic) | [ Explorez ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross) | [ Explorez ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st) \n \nCadre | Aluminium 6061 \n---|--- \nFourche | Aluminium 6061 \nFreins | Tektro Brake System \nPlaquettes de frein | Shimano B05S \nMoteur | Moteur custom 45 Nm / 250 W, int\u00c3\u00a9gr\u00c3\u00a9 au moyeu arri\u00c3\u00a8re \nVitesse d'assistance max. | jusqu'\u00c3 25 km/h \nConnectivit\u00c3\u00a9 | Bluetooth Faible consommation d'\u00c3\u00a9nergie \nBatterie | Poids 2,4 kg, Batterie amovible au lithium-ion \nChargeur | Mod\u00c3\u00a8le personnalis\u00c3\u00a9 36V \nApplication | iOS et Android. \nInclus dans la bo\u00c3\u00aete | Cl\u00c3\u00a9s Allen 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm et 6 mm, cl\u00c3\u00a9 \u00c3 courroie \nDimensions \n \n## Voyez ici le Cruiser\u00c2 ST en rue\n\n[ Suivez-nous sur Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n\n## Subventions Combien pouvez-vous \u00c3\u00a9conomiser\u00c2 ?\n\n\u00c3\u0089conomisez sur l'achat d'un nouveau Cowboy gr\u00c3\u00a2ce \u00c3 une subvention locale.\n\n## Rouler \nn'attend pas\n\nObtenez-le \u00c3 partir de 2\u00e2\u0080\u00af999\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\n\n[ Commandez maintenant ](/fr-be/cart?model=cruiser-st) [ R\u00c3\u00a9servez un essai\n](/fr-be/pages/test-ride?model=cruiser-st#type)\n\n## Explorez\n\n * [ Classic ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic)\n * [ Cruiser ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser)\n * [ Cruiser ST ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st)\n * [ Cross ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross)\n * [ Cross ST ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st)\n * [ Circular ](/fr-be/collections/circular)\n * [ Accessoires & pi\u00c3\u00a8ces ](/fr-be/collections/accessories)\n * [ R\u00c3\u00a9servez un essai ](/fr-be/pages/test-ride)\n\n## Services\n\n * [ Care ](/fr-be/products/cowboy-care)\n * [ Assurance vol ](/fr-be/products/theft-insurance)\n * [ M\u00c3\u00a9thodes de paiement ](/fr-be/pages/payment-methods)\n * [ Leasing ](/fr-be/pages/lease-a-cowboy)\n * [ Garantie ](/fr-be/products/warranty)\n * [ Business ](/fr-be/pages/business)\n * [ \u00c3\u0089tudiants ](/fr-be/pages/student-program)\n\n## \u00c3\u0080 propos\n\n * [ Avis ](/fr-be/blogs/reviews)\n * [ Presse ](/fr-be/blogs/press)\n * [ Blog ](/fr-be/blogs/stories)\n * [ Magasins ](/fr-be/pages/stores)\n * [ Carri\u00c3\u00a8res ](/fr-be/pages/careers)\n * [ Programme d'affiliation ](/fr-be/pages/affiliate)\n\n## Aide\n\n * [ Contact ](/fr-be/pages/contact-us)\n * [ FAQ ](https://help.cowboy.com)\n * [ Livraisons ](/fr-be/pages/delivery)\n * [ Retours ](/fr-be/pages/returns)\n\n## Une newsletter pas comme les autres\n\n * [ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/CowboyHQ/)\n * [ YouTube ](https://www.youtube.com/c/COWBOYBikes/featured)\n\n[ ](/fr-be/)\n\n[ B Corp ](/fr-be/pages/b-corp)\n\n* * *\n\n * [ Terms of use ](/fr-be/pages/terms-of-use)\n * [ Data protection policy ](/fr-be/pages/privacy-policy)\n * \u00c2\u00a9 2025 Cowboy \n\n",
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n[ **Service?** Nu bij 200+ winkels \nof gewoon bij jou thuis. _Meer info_ ](/nl-be/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ Welke Cowboy is geschikt voor jou? \nDoe de quiz ](/nl-be/pages/which-cowboy-is-right-for-you)\n\n## Je winkelwagentje\n\nNiks te zien hier, maar [ een testride is dichtbij ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride/)\n.\n\n[ Fiets toevoegen ](/cart) [ Shop accessoires ](/collections/accessories)\n\n## Je winkelwagentje\n\nNiks te zien hier, maar [ een testride is dichtbij ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride/)\n.\n\n[ Fiets toevoegen ](/cart) [ Shop accessoires ](/collections/accessories)\n\n# Cruiser\u00c2 ST Ontmoet de topper van het gezin\n\nVanaf \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 2.999\n\n[ Bestel nu vanaf \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 2.999 Bestel nu ](/nl-be/cart?model=cruiser-st) [\nBoek een testrit Testritten ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride?model=cruiser-st#type)\n\nCruiser\u00c2 ST vanaf \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 2.999\n\n## Maak kennis met de Cruiser\u00c2 ST, een comfortabele klassieker met een\nmoderne twist. Stap op en vertrek moeiteloos met de elektrische fiets die je\nop het lijf geschreven staat\n\n[ Configureer ](/nl-be/cart?model=cruiser-st) [ Boek een gratis testrit ](/nl-\nbe/pages/test-ride?model=cruiser-st#type)\n\n## Limited Edition\n\nBeleef de blauwe lucht opnieuw met de nieuwe **Bries** -kleur.\n\n### Limited Edition Bries -kleur\n\nGrijp je kans om te rijden op onze Limited Edition fiets. Reserveer nu.\n\n[ Koop nu ](/nl-be/cart?model=cruiser-st)\n\n[ **200+ servicevestigingen** Deskundige reparaties bij jou in de buurt \u00e2\u0080\u0093 of\ngewoon bij je thuis. ](/nl-be/pages/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ **Slimme diefstaldetectie** Blijf dieven voor met GPS-tracking en\nwaarschuwingen. ](/nl-be/products/connect)\n\n[ **2 jaar garantie** Gedekt waar het telt. Zorgeloos rijden. ](/nl-\nbe/products/warranty)\n\n[ **Flexibele betaling** Betaal in 3 keer zonder rente, of lease een Cowboy.\n](/nl-be/pages/payment-methods)\n\n## Cruiser\u00c2 ST hoogtepunten\n\nGeoptimaliseerd voor riders van 165-190\u00c2 cm lang\n\nGebogen stuur\n\nComfort zadel\n\nHogere cockpit\n\nRechte rijhouding\n\nComfortabele rit\n\nStep-through frame\n\n> \" Dit is de fiets van het 2023. Ik ben echt verliefd op mijn mooie fiets. \"\n> Cowboy rider Justin\n\n> \" Heel kwalitatieve fietsen met een prachtig design \" Cowboy rider Laurens\n\n> \" Noem mij Lucky Luke, ik fiets nu weer sneller dan mijn schaduw \" Cowboy\n> rider No\u00c3\u00abl\n\n> \" De fiets bevalt na 2 jaar en vele kilometers nog uitstekend. \" Cowboy\n> rider David\n\n> \" Prachtig design, de ondersteuning voel heel natuurlijk \" Cowboy rider\n> Niels\n\nCowboy rider Justin\n\nCowboy rider Laurens\n\nCowboy rider No\u00c3\u00abl\n\nCowboy rider David\n\nCowboy rider Niels\n\n### Geconnecteerde rit\n\nHou je stevig vast aan het gebogen stuur, dat uitloopt in de cockpit. Bevestig\nje smartphone en laad hem draadloos op, terwijl je je laat leiden door de app.\n\n### Cowboy AdaptivePower\u00e2\u0084\u00a2\n\n### Verwijderbare Batterij\n\nMet zo'n gestroomlijnd uiterlijk wil je je Cowboy in de gaten houden om te\ncontroleren of hij veilig is. Verzeker hem, volg hem en rijd met een gerust\nhart.\n\nWelke Cowboy is geschikt voor jou? Doe onze quiz om meer te weten te komen\n\n### Auto Lock\n\n### GPS tracking\n\nMet een hoge overbrengingsverhouding en een rechte zithouding kom je terecht\nin het meer cruiseachtige rijgevoel van de Cowboy Cruiser ST. Je voelt de\nsoepele motorreactie achter je met een rijgevoel dat past bij je comfortabele\nhouding op de fiets.\n\n * Comfortabel zadel \n\n * Hogere cockpit, gebogen stuur \n\nStem je fiets af \nop je rijstijl\n\nEen Cowboy fiets is mooi aan de binnen- en buitenkant. Elk detail gaat\nnaadloos op in het frame, ontworpen naar de hoogste standaarden.\n\n### Stijlvolle details\n\nMet elk detail is rekening gehouden, gebouwd om de elementen te weerstaan.\n\n### Vakmanschap\n\nDankzij zijn hoogwaardige design verdiende Cowboy zijn strepen bij onze riders\nen designcritici.\n\n### Materialen\n\nHoogwaardige materialen worden gebruikt voor elk detail, zowel aan de\noppervlakte als binnenin.\n\n### Uitgerust voor vertrek\n\nOp maat gemaakte accessoires voor een verbluffende veelzijdigheid op de weg,\nsamen met reserveonderdelen wanneer je die nodig hebt.\n\n[ Ontdek de accessoires ](/nl-be/collections/accessories)\n\n> \" De Tesla onder de fietsen, als je het mij vraagt \" TechCrunch\n\n> \" Beste e-bike voor pendelaars \" TechCrunch\n\n> \" Een nieuwe e-bike rolt de stad binnen \" Wallpaper\n\nTechCrunch\n\nTechCrunch\n\nWallpaper\n\n## Jij zit aan het stuur\n\nEen van de blikvangers is de uitneembare batterij die in het frame zit, het\nenige wat je moet meenemen om te laden. Als je klaar bent om weer te rijden,\nklik je haar vast en ben je vertrokken.\n\n * * Laadtijd: 2 u 54 min \n * Lichtgewicht \n\n### Voorspellende Meldingen\n\nOnze geavanceerde technologie berekent de autonomie van je fiets op basis van\nje rijgedrag. Ontvang meldingen wanneer het tijd is om op te laden of over te\nschakelen naar de Eco-kracht, zodat je optimaal kunt presteren.\n\n## Nieuw bij Cowboy? De ultieme gids voor Cowboy\n\nAlles wat je moet weten over de ultieme geconnecteerde e-bike.\n\n## Cowboy AdaptivePower\u00e2\u0084\u00a2 Super. Natuurlijk.\n\nDankzij AdaptivePower denkt deze fiets zelfstandig. Bij elke welke weerstand\nop de weg past hij zich aan de omgeving aan. Krijg een extra kick wanneer je\nhet nodig hebt en geniet van een soepele rit.\n\n[ Bekijk de technologie ](/nl-be/pages/adaptive-power)\n\nDe bijgewerkte AdaptivePower 2.0 zorgt voor een drastische verbetering van het\ncontextuele bewustzijn dat in de motor is ingebouwd om elke verandering in\nomstandigheden of terrein met meer precisie dan ooit aan te voelen.\n\n### Klimmen\n\nMaak contact met een verandering in helling en je vliegt met dezelfde snelheid\nals voorheen de heuvel op.\n\n### Tegenwind\n\nVang tegenwind terwijl de fiets de kracht van de wind voelt om je de extra\nkracht te geven die je nodig hebt om door de wind te snijden.\n\n### Zwaartekracht\n\nPak veel spullen op de fiets en je wordt opgetild om het extra gewicht\nmoeiteloos aan te kunnen.\n\n### AdaptivePower-technologie\n\nMet een weerstandsfactor die is ingebouwd in de aangepaste technologie van de\nmotor, geeft de fiets je een consistent vermogensniveau om je snelheid te\nbehouden of een extra duwtje in de rug te krijgen bergopwaarts.\n\n[ Meer info ](/nl-be/pages/adaptive-power)\n\nJe hebt gezien hoe AdaptivePower werkt, voel nu hoe het rijdt. Probeer het\ngratis uit. Op elk moment en elke dag komen we bij je langs.\n\n## Je fiets schakelt automatisch aan en uit, en je telefoon wordt draadloos\nopgeladen op de cockpit voor een moeiteloze rit van start tot finish.\n\n## Je hebt je match gevonden\n\n### Slimme partner\n\nDeze trouwe partner blijft gefocust op de weg. Zo gaat niets aan je voorbij.\n\n### Navigatie\n\nDeze trouwe partner blijft gefocust op de weg. Zo gaat niets aan je voorbij.\n\n### Dashboard\n\nWaar je ook heen gaat, wij nemen je mee via de gezondste routes.\n\nOntgrendel het ware potentieel van je rit met Connect. Ga de strijd aan met\nandere riders met In-Ride games, vier je vooruitgang met milestones en wees\ngerust met GPS-tracking en Theft Alerts.\n\n### Share My Ride\n\nJe vrienden en familie kunnen je rit in real time volgen. Deel je rit en\nbekijk hun reacties van vertrek tot aankomst.\n\n### Waarschuwingen\n\nTerwijl jij rijdt, gaan wij op zoek naar gevaarlijke kruispunten op je route.\nAls we op 60 meter afstand een hotspot detecteren, raden we je aan om\nlangzamer te rijden.\n\n### Fitness en Smartwatch\n\nSynchroniseer automatisch met Apple Health en Strava en geef je rit een impuls\nmet Apple\u00c2 Watch of Wear\u00c2 OS Cowboy apps\n\n### Connect\n\nConnect berust exclusief op het Google Maps platform en is ge\u00c3\u00afntegreerd met\nStrava en Apple\u00c2 Watch. Zo haal je nog meer uit je rit.\n\n[ Ontdek ](/nl-be/products/connect)\n\nBekijk je ritstatistieken in een oogopslag terwijl je Cowboy-profiel vorm\nkrijgt. Vergelijk je prestaties met die van andere riders en laat je\ncompetitiedrang naar boven komen.\n\n### Profielen\n\nJe unieke fietsprestaties tonen jou en de community hoe je graag fietst.\n\n### Prestaties\n\nVerzamel badges voor je prestaties en deel ze met trots.\n\n### Groepen\n\nSamen bereik je veel meer. Zoek andere riders met dezelfde interesses of\nachtergrond en ga samen op weg.\n\n### Prestaties\n\nVerzamel badges voor je prestaties en deel ze met trots.\n\n# Amsterdam\n\nSamen met 565 riders\n\nDe app is beschikbaar in het Engels, Nederlands, Frans en Duits.\n\n### Groepen\n\nSamen bereik je veel meer. Zoek andere riders met dezelfde interesses of\nachtergrond en ga samen op weg.\n\n### Profielen\n\nJe unieke fietsprestaties tonen jou en de community hoe je graag fietst.\n\nVolg je fiets in de app vanaf elke plek en word gewaarschuwd als hij ooit\nzonder jou onderweg is. Dankzij de combinatie van ingebouwde sensoren en de\nGPS Tracking blijf je steeds op de hoogte.\n\n### Find My Bike\n\nControleer of je Cowboy veilig vergrendeld is in de buurt. Dankzij GPS\nTracking weet je steeds de precieze locatie van je fiets.\n\n### Theft Alerts\n\nOntvang diefstalmeldingen* als iemand je fiets probeert te stelen. Dankzij GPS\ntracking volg je elke beweging van je fiets op de voet.\n\n[ Inbegrepen bij Cowboy Connect ](/nl-be/products/connect)\n\n### Veiligheidswaarschuwingen en crashdetectie\n\nDe app signaleert crash-hotspots langs je route en fietssensoren detecteren\nelke val om je noodcontacten op de hoogte te stellen.\n\n### Find My Bike\n\nControleer of je Cowboy veilig vergrendeld is in de buurt. Dankzij GPS\nTracking weet je steeds de precieze locatie van je fiets.\n\n### Veiligheidswaarschuwingen en crashdetectie\n\nDe app signaleert crash-hotspots langs je route en fietssensoren detecteren\nelke val om je noodcontacten op de hoogte te stellen.\n\n### Theft Alerts\n\nOntvang diefstalmeldingen* als iemand je fiets probeert te stelen. Dankzij GPS\ntracking volg je elke beweging van je fiets op de voet.\n\n### Tot je dienst\n\nCowboy staat altijd en overal voor je klaar. Maak gebruik van onze\nklantenservice via de app, extra bescherming met ons verzekeringsplan en een\nnetwerk van technici onderweg en thuis.\n\n[ Ontdek onze diensten ](/nl-be/collections/services/)\n\nKies een e-bike uit onze prijswinnaars die bij je stijl past.\n\n| | | | | \n---|---|---|---|---|--- \n| Cruiser\u00c2 ST Lage instap en ontspannen zithouding | Cruiser Comfortabele, rechte zithouding | Classic Actieve zithouding voor een responsieve rit | Cross Veringscomfort en groter bereik | Cross\u00c2 ST Lage instap, vering en groter bereik \nZithouding | Ontspannen | Ontspannen | Actief | Ontspannen | Ontspannen \nLengte van de fietser | Geschikt voor fietsers van 165\u00e2\u0080\u0093190 cm | Geschikt voor fietsers van 170\u00e2\u0080\u0093195 cm | Geschikt voor fietsers van 170\u00e2\u0080\u0093195 cm | Geschikt voor fietsers van 165\u00e2\u0080\u0093195 cm | Geschikt voor fietsers van 155\u00e2\u0080\u0093195 cm \nUitneembare batterij | Actieradius van 40\u00e2\u0080\u009390 km | Actieradius van 40\u00e2\u0080\u009390 km | Actieradius van 40\u00e2\u0080\u009390 km | Actieradius van 60\u00e2\u0080\u0093120 km | Actieradius van 60\u00e2\u0080\u0093120 km \nTotaalgewicht van de fiets | 19,3 kg | 19,4 kg | 19,0 kg | 27,9 kg | 26,5 kg \nType stuur | Gebogen stuur | Gebogen stuur | Recht stuur | Gebogen stuur | Gebogen stuur \nStuurbreedte | 57 cm | 62 cm | 54 cm | 57 cm | 57 cm \nType zadel | Comfort | Comfort | Sport | Comfort | Comfort \nTrapfrequentie | Overbrengingsverhouding 2,71 (57/21) | Overbrengingsverhouding 3,00 (60/20) | Overbrengingsverhouding 2,86 (60/21) | Overbrengingsverhouding 2,86 (60/21) | Overbrengingsverhouding 2,86 (60/21) \nOndersteunde snelheid | Ondersteuning tot 25 km/u | Ondersteuning tot 25 km/u | Ondersteuning tot 25 km/u | Ondersteuning tot 25 km/u | Ondersteuning tot 25 km/u \n| | [ Ontdek ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser) | [ Ontdek ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic) | [ Ontdek ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross) | [ Ontdek ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st) \n \nFrame | Aluminium 6061 \n---|--- \nVork | Aluminium 6061 \nRemmen | Tektro Brake System \nRemblokjes | Shimano B05S \nMotor | Custom design 45 Nm / 250 W motor, ge\u00c3\u00afntegreerd in het achterwiel \nSnelheid ondersteuning | tot 25 km/u \nConnectiviteit | Bluetooth Low Energy \nBatterij | 2,4 kg gewicht, Verwijderbare lithium-ion batterij \nLader | Aangepast design 36V \nMobiele app | iOS en Android, veilig, digitaal vergrendelen/ontgrendelen via de persoonlijke app. \nInbegrepen in de doos | 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm en 6 mm inbussleutels, gordelsleutel, 4x spaakreflectoren, achterreflector, bel \nDimensies \n \n## Zie de Cruiser\u00c2 ST op de straten\n\n[ Volg ons op Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n\n## Subsidies Hoeveel gaat u besparen?\n\nBesparen op een nieuwe Cowboy met een lokale subsidie.\n\n## Always time \nto ride\n\nKoop de jouwe vanaf \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 2.999\n\n[ Bestel nu ](/nl-be/cart?model=cruiser-st) [ Boek een testrit ](/nl-\nbe/pages/test-ride?model=cruiser-st#type)\n\n## Ontdek\n\n * [ Classic ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic)\n * [ Cruiser ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser)\n * [ Cruiser ST ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st)\n * [ Cross ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross)\n * [ Cross ST ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st)\n * [ Circular ](/nl-be/collections/circular)\n * [ Accessoires & onderdelen ](/nl-be/collections/accessories)\n * [ Boek een testrit ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride)\n\n## Services\n\n * [ Care ](/nl-be/products/cowboy-care)\n * [ Diefstalverzekering ](/nl-be/products/theft-insurance)\n * [ Betalingsmethoden ](/nl-be/pages/payment-methods)\n * [ Leasing ](/nl-be/pages/lease-a-cowboy)\n * [ Garantie ](/nl-be/products/warranty)\n * [ Business ](/nl-be/pages/business)\n * [ Studenten ](/nl-be/pages/student-program)\n\n## Over ons\n\n * [ Reviews ](/nl-be/blogs/reviews)\n * [ Pers ](/nl-be/blogs/press)\n * [ Blog ](/nl-be/blogs/stories)\n * [ Winkels ](/nl-be/pages/stores)\n * [ Vacatures ](/nl-be/pages/careers)\n * [ Affiliate-programma ](/nl-be/pages/affiliate)\n\n## Help\n\n * [ Contact ](/nl-be/pages/contact-us)\n * [ FAQ ](https://help.cowboy.com)\n * [ Levering ](/nl-be/pages/delivery)\n * [ Retourneren ](/nl-be/pages/returns)\n\n## Geen nieuwsbrief zoals alle anderen\n\n * [ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/CowboyHQ/)\n * [ YouTube ](https://www.youtube.com/c/COWBOYBikes/featured)\n\n[ ](/nl-be/)\n\n[ B Corp ](/nl-be/pages/b-corp)\n\n* * *\n\n * [ Terms of use ](/nl-be/pages/terms-of-use)\n * [ Data protection policy ](/nl-be/pages/privacy-policy)\n * \u00c2\u00a9 2025 Cowboy \n\n",
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n[ **Service?** Nu bij 200+ winkels \nof gewoon bij jou thuis. _Meer info_ ](/nl-be/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ Welke Cowboy is geschikt voor jou? \nDoe de quiz ](/nl-be/pages/which-cowboy-is-right-for-you)\n\n## Je winkelwagentje\n\nNiks te zien hier, maar [ een testride is dichtbij ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride/)\n.\n\n[ Fiets toevoegen ](/cart) [ Shop accessoires ](/collections/accessories)\n\n## Je winkelwagentje\n\nNiks te zien hier, maar [ een testride is dichtbij ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride/)\n.\n\n[ Fiets toevoegen ](/cart) [ Shop accessoires ](/collections/accessories)\n\n# Cross Maak kennis met onze avonturier\n\nVanaf \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3.999\n\n[ Bestel nu vanaf \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3.999 Bestel nu ](/nl-be/cart?model=cross) [ Boek een\ntestrit Testritten ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride?model=cross#type)\n\nCross vanaf \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3.999\n\n## Jouw stad nu nog grootser Maak kennis met de e-bike die de stadsgrenzen\ndoorbreekt. Met zijn ophanging, dikke banden en krachtige nieuwe batterij is\nde Cross gemaakt voor het avontuur.\n\n[ Bestel de Cross ](/nl-be/cart?model=cross) [ Boek een gratis testrit ](/nl-\nbe/pages/test-ride?model=cross#type)\n\n[ **200+ servicevestigingen** Deskundige reparaties bij jou in de buurt \u00e2\u0080\u0093 of\ngewoon bij je thuis. ](/nl-be/pages/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ **Slimme diefstaldetectie** Blijf dieven voor met GPS-tracking en\nwaarschuwingen. ](/nl-be/products/connect)\n\n[ **2 jaar garantie** Gedekt waar het telt. Zorgeloos rijden. ](/nl-\nbe/products/warranty)\n\n[ **Flexibele betaling** Betaal in 3 keer zonder rente, of lease een Cowboy.\n](/nl-be/pages/payment-methods)\n\n## Cross hoogtepunten\n\nRechte rijhouding\n\nAdaptivePower\u00e2\u0084\u00a2 Op Maat\n\nOphanging voor & achter\n\nDikke 60 mm banden\n\nNieuwe bagagedrager\n\n60-120 km bereik\n\n## Geconnecteerde rit\n\nDankzij de krachtige, ge\u00c3\u00afntegreerde software wordt elke rit soepeler,\nveiliger en leuker.\n\n## Breng je ritten naar een hoger niveau\n\nTil je ritten naar een hoger niveau met onze spannende interactieve games.\nPush jezelf met toffe uitdagingen die lastiger worden naarmate je verder komt\nin de levels.\n\n## Hou het veilig op de weg\n\nDe app bevat ook hypermoderne veiligheidsfuncties zoals automatische\ncrashdetectie en voorspellende waarschuwingen voor gevaren en slechte\nluchtkwaliteit. Mogelijk gemaakt door onze geaggregeerde gegevens.\n\nWelke Cowboy is geschikt voor jou? Doe onze quiz om meer te weten te komen\n\n## AdaptivePower\u00e2\u0084\u00a2 Op Maat\n\nAdaptivePower\u00e2\u0084\u00a2 2.0 is afgestemd op elk element van de nieuwe Cross , zodat\nheuvels vlak aanvoelen, zware ladingen gewichtloos aanvoelen en zelfs sterke\ntegenwind een makkie wordt.\n\n[ Meer info ](/nl-be/pages/adaptive-power)\n\n### Cowboy AdaptivePower\u00e2\u0084\u00a2\n\n1 / 3\n\nDezelfde inspanning in alle omstandigheden\n\nDus of je nu een helling of tegenwind trotseert\n\nJe motor detecteert ze automatisch en past zich aan\n\n## Dubbele ophanging\n\nZweef over de weg\n\nDe omgekeerde vorken zijn gemakkelijk verstelbaar over een afstand van 40 mm.\nDe Cross biedt dan ook een soepele rit in de stad en een leuke, reactieve rit\ndaarbuiten.\n\n## Nieuwe batterij\n\nMeer kracht, meer afstand\n\nOnze iconische uitneembare batterij kreeg een volledige upgrade. Ze wordt\ngeassembleerd in Denemarken en de 30 cellen zijn goed voor 540 Wh. Nu kun je\ntot 120 km rijden tussen twee oplaadbeurten.\n\n * * Laadtijd: 3 u 55 min \n * Lichtgewicht \n\n50% meer batterijcellen\n\nVeilig op slot\n\n## Nieuw bij Cowboy? De ultieme gids voor Cowboy\n\nAlles wat je moet weten over de ultieme geconnecteerde e-bike.\n\nDit is Parijs met de Cross. Steven, Nicolas en Nacim gaan een dagje boulderen\nin Fontainebleau.\n\n## Eenvoudig mooi\n\nDe Cross is een designicoon in de maak. De verborgen kabels, onzichtbare\nlasnaden, hoogwaardige onderdelen en materialen resulteren in strakke lijnen.\n\nFahrerhoogte | Geoptimaliseerd voor rijders tussen 165-195 cm lang \n---|--- \nGewicht | 27,9 kg, inclusief batterij \nBatterijbereik | 60-120 km \nLaadtijd | 100% opgeladen in 3 uur en 55 minuten \nSnelheid ondersteuning | tot 25 km/u \nInbegrepen in de doos | 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm en 6 mm inbussleutels, riemspanne, 4x Spaakreflectoren, achterste reflector, bel \nGarantie | 2 jaar \nLengte van het hoogste punt van het zadel tot de grond en tot de laagste zadelpositie = maximale binnenbeenlengte van een rijder | Min 905 mm - Max 1080 mm \nTotale lengte | 189 cm \nMaximaal totaalgewicht (rijder + fiets + bagage) | 130 kg \nBedieningsmodus | Verbonden telefoon met app + batterijontgrendeling \nBatterij | 3,3 kg gewicht, 30-cellige lithium-ion batterij 21700, 540 Wh \nFrame | Aluminium 6061 \nVork | Inverted Coil Vering, 40 mm maximale vering \nRiemmateriaal | Carbon Fiber Versterkt, 1573 mm lengte, 12 mm breedte, 143 tanden \nBanden | Cowboy custom, 60 mm breedte, 559 mm diameter \nRemmen | Voor- en achterhydraulische schijfremmen, Tektro \nZadelpen - Vering | Telescopische veer, 40 mm vering \n \n## Boek een gratis testrit\n\nTest hem zelf en ervaar de Cross . Je kunt hem ontdekken in onze winkels en\nbij je thuis. Kijk of we actief zijn in je regio.\n\n## Vergelijk onze modellen\n\nKies een e-bike uit onze prijswinnaars die bij je stijl past.\n\n| | | | | \n---|---|---|---|---|--- \n| Cross Veringscomfort en groter bereik | Cruiser Comfortabele, rechte zithouding | Cruiser\u00c2 ST Lage instap en ontspannen zithouding | Classic Actieve zithouding voor een responsieve rit | Cross\u00c2 ST Lage instap, vering en groter bereik \nZithouding | Ontspannen | Ontspannen | Ontspannen | Actief | Ontspannen \nLengte van de fietser | Geschikt voor fietsers van 165\u00e2\u0080\u0093195 cm | Geschikt voor fietsers van 170\u00e2\u0080\u0093195 cm | Geschikt voor fietsers van 165\u00e2\u0080\u0093190 cm | Geschikt voor fietsers van 170\u00e2\u0080\u0093195 cm | Geschikt voor fietsers van 155\u00e2\u0080\u0093195 cm \nUitneembare batterij | Actieradius van 60\u00e2\u0080\u0093120 km | Actieradius van 40\u00e2\u0080\u009390 km | Actieradius van 40\u00e2\u0080\u009390 km | Actieradius van 40\u00e2\u0080\u009390 km | Actieradius van 60\u00e2\u0080\u0093120 km \nTotaalgewicht van de fiets | 27,9 kg | 19,4 kg | 19,3 kg | 19,0 kg | 26,5 kg \nType stuur | Gebogen stuur | Gebogen stuur | Gebogen stuur | Recht stuur | Gebogen stuur \nStuurbreedte | 57 cm | 62 cm | 57 cm | 54 cm | 57 cm \nType zadel | Comfort | Comfort | Comfort | Sport | Comfort \nTrapfrequentie | Overbrengingsverhouding 2,86 (60/21) | Overbrengingsverhouding 3,00 (60/20) | Overbrengingsverhouding 2,71 (57/21) | Overbrengingsverhouding 2,86 (60/21) | Overbrengingsverhouding 2,86 (60/21) \nOndersteunde snelheid | Ondersteuning tot 25 km/u | Ondersteuning tot 25 km/u | Ondersteuning tot 25 km/u | Ondersteuning tot 25 km/u | Ondersteuning tot 25 km/u \n| | [ Ontdek ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser) | [ Ontdek ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st) | [ Ontdek ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic) | [ Ontdek ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st) \n \n## Subsidies Hoeveel gaat u besparen?\n\nBesparen op een nieuwe Cowboy met een lokale subsidie.\n\n## Always time \nto ride\n\nKoop de jouwe vanaf \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3.999\n\n[ Bestel nu ](/nl-be/cart?model=cross) [ Boek een testrit ](/nl-be/pages/test-\nride?model=cross#type)\n\n## Ontdek\n\n * [ Classic ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic)\n * [ Cruiser ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser)\n * [ Cruiser ST ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st)\n * [ Cross ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross)\n * [ Cross ST ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st)\n * [ Circular ](/nl-be/collections/circular)\n * [ Accessoires & onderdelen ](/nl-be/collections/accessories)\n * [ Boek een testrit ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride)\n\n## Services\n\n * [ Care ](/nl-be/products/cowboy-care)\n * [ Diefstalverzekering ](/nl-be/products/theft-insurance)\n * [ Betalingsmethoden ](/nl-be/pages/payment-methods)\n * [ Leasing ](/nl-be/pages/lease-a-cowboy)\n * [ Garantie ](/nl-be/products/warranty)\n * [ Business ](/nl-be/pages/business)\n * [ Studenten ](/nl-be/pages/student-program)\n\n## Over ons\n\n * [ Reviews ](/nl-be/blogs/reviews)\n * [ Pers ](/nl-be/blogs/press)\n * [ Blog ](/nl-be/blogs/stories)\n * [ Winkels ](/nl-be/pages/stores)\n * [ Vacatures ](/nl-be/pages/careers)\n * [ Affiliate-programma ](/nl-be/pages/affiliate)\n\n## Help\n\n * [ Contact ](/nl-be/pages/contact-us)\n * [ FAQ ](https://help.cowboy.com)\n * [ Levering ](/nl-be/pages/delivery)\n * [ Retourneren ](/nl-be/pages/returns)\n\n## Geen nieuwsbrief zoals alle anderen\n\n * [ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/CowboyHQ/)\n * [ YouTube ](https://www.youtube.com/c/COWBOYBikes/featured)\n\n[ ](/nl-be/)\n\n[ B Corp ](/nl-be/pages/b-corp)\n\n* * *\n\n * [ Terms of use ](/nl-be/pages/terms-of-use)\n * [ Data protection policy ](/nl-be/pages/privacy-policy)\n * \u00c2\u00a9 2025 Cowboy \n\n",
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n[ **Service\u00c2 ?** D\u00c3\u00a9sormais dans plus de 200 magasins \nou chez vous. _En savoir plus_ ](/fr-be/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ Quel Cowboy vous convient le mieux\u00c2 ? \nCommencez le quiz ](/fr-be/pages/which-cowboy-is-right-for-you)\n\n## Votre panier\n\nIl n'y a rien par ici, mais [ il y a des test rides par-l\u00c3 ](/fr-\nbe/pages/test-ride/) .\n\n[ Ajouter un v\u00c3\u00a9lo ](/cart) [ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez les accessoires\n](/collections/accessories)\n\n## Votre panier\n\nIl n'y a rien par ici, mais [ il y a des test rides par-l\u00c3 ](/fr-\nbe/pages/test-ride/) .\n\n[ Ajouter un v\u00c3\u00a9lo ](/cart) [ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez les accessoires\n](/collections/accessories)\n\n# Services Assurance vol\n\nUne assurance, mais en mieux. Avec votre assurance vol, vous prenez la route\nen toute qui\u00c3\u00a9tude. Notre offre comprend les alertes vol ainsi qu'une\ncouverture compl\u00c3\u00a8te si vous veniez \u00c3 vous le faire voler.\n\n### Theft Alerts\n\nSoyez alert\u00c3\u00a9 si quelqu'un tente d'arracher votre v\u00c3\u00a9lo. D\u00c3\u00a8s que votre v\u00c3\u00a9lo\nse d\u00c3\u00a9place de mani\u00c3\u00a8re inattendue, nous vous envoyons des notifications de\nsuivi en temps r\u00c3\u00a9el via l'appli. \u00c3\u0089galement disponible de s\u00c3\u00a9rie avec Cowboy\nConnect. V\u00c3\u00a9rifiez les CGV applicables \u00c3 l'offre dans votre pays.\n\n### Valeur totale du v\u00c3\u00a9lo\n\nLa valeur de votre v\u00c3\u00a9lo doit rester celle que vous avez pay\u00c3\u00a9e. C'est\npourquoi le plan ne pr\u00c3\u00a9voit ni d\u00c3\u00a9pr\u00c3\u00a9ciation ni franchise.\n\n### Une assistance 24/7\n\nEn cas de vol ou de vandalisme, nous nous d\u00c3\u00a9pla\u00c3\u00a7ons o\u00c3\u00b9 que vous soyiez et\nvous ramenons \u00c3 votre domicile, vous et votre v\u00c3\u00a9lo.\n\n## S'abonner est on ne peut plus simple.\n\n**Cliquez, payez, et activez le service.**\n\nIl vous suffit d'activer l'Assurance vol lorsque votre achetez votre v\u00c3\u00a9lo et\nvotre couverture prendra effet imm\u00c3\u00a9diatement. Vous pouvez aussi y souscrire\nult\u00c3\u00a9rieurement via l'app Cowboy.\n\n## L'avis des riders\n\n> \" My bike was taken around midnight, but I missed the notification on my\n> phone. The next morning, I received an alert around 7am that my bike had\n> been moved around South East London. On the Friday after, more notifications\n> but this time pointing clearly to a car wash. I traveled there, asked if\n> they'd seen a bike in the area, and made a big point of saying it had a\n> tracker on it. When I arrived back to work, I got a phone call \u00e2\u0080\u0094 a\n> customer had found my bike. Very grateful for Cowboy's brilliant anti-theft\n> system. \"\n>\n> **Cowboy rider Dom** , London UK\n\n> \" I left my bike outside for five minutes, and it was stolen. I immediately\n> checked the app and called the police. I shared with them the live position\n> of my bike and the police instantly sent two officers to the location. They\n> checked a couple different houses, but with no success. \n> \n> Overnight I received new Theft Alert notifications, and the police sent two\n> officers again. They saw the thief - someone who was already well known to\n> them - and arrested him on the spot. \"\n>\n> **Cowboy rider Peter** , Ghent Belgium\n\n> \" I wasn't planning on using my bike that day. Without the Theft Alert\n> notifications I don't think I would have realized until the next day that it\n> had been stolen. I would strongly advise all users to activate them. \"\n>\n> **Cowboy rider Spencer** , Paris France\n\n## FAQ\n\n## Explorez\n\n * [ Classic ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic)\n * [ Cruiser ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser)\n * [ Cruiser ST ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st)\n * [ Cross ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross)\n * [ Cross ST ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st)\n * [ Circular ](/fr-be/collections/circular)\n * [ Accessoires & pi\u00c3\u00a8ces ](/fr-be/collections/accessories)\n * [ R\u00c3\u00a9servez un essai ](/fr-be/pages/test-ride)\n\n## Services\n\n * [ Care ](/fr-be/products/cowboy-care)\n * [ Assurance vol ](/fr-be/products/theft-insurance)\n * [ M\u00c3\u00a9thodes de paiement ](/fr-be/pages/payment-methods)\n * [ Leasing ](/fr-be/pages/lease-a-cowboy)\n * [ Garantie ](/fr-be/products/warranty)\n * [ Business ](/fr-be/pages/business)\n * [ \u00c3\u0089tudiants ](/fr-be/pages/student-program)\n\n## \u00c3\u0080 propos\n\n * [ Avis ](/fr-be/blogs/reviews)\n * [ Presse ](/fr-be/blogs/press)\n * [ Blog ](/fr-be/blogs/stories)\n * [ Magasins ](/fr-be/pages/stores)\n * [ Carri\u00c3\u00a8res ](/fr-be/pages/careers)\n * [ Programme d'affiliation ](/fr-be/pages/affiliate)\n\n## Aide\n\n * [ Contact ](/fr-be/pages/contact-us)\n * [ FAQ ](https://help.cowboy.com)\n * [ Livraisons ](/fr-be/pages/delivery)\n * [ Retours ](/fr-be/pages/returns)\n\n## Une newsletter pas comme les autres\n\n * [ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/CowboyHQ/)\n * [ YouTube ](https://www.youtube.com/c/COWBOYBikes/featured)\n\n[ ](/fr-be/)\n\n[ B Corp ](/fr-be/pages/b-corp)\n\n* * *\n\n * [ Terms of use ](/fr-be/pages/terms-of-use)\n * [ Data protection policy ](/fr-be/pages/privacy-policy)\n * \u00c2\u00a9 2025 Cowboy \n\n",
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n[ **Service?** Nu bij 200+ winkels \nof gewoon bij jou thuis. _Meer info_ ](/nl-be/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ Welke Cowboy is geschikt voor jou? \nDoe de quiz ](/nl-be/pages/which-cowboy-is-right-for-you)\n\n## Je winkelwagentje\n\nNiks te zien hier, maar [ een testride is dichtbij ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride/)\n.\n\n[ Fiets toevoegen ](/cart) [ Shop accessoires ](/collections/accessories)\n\n## Je winkelwagentje\n\nNiks te zien hier, maar [ een testride is dichtbij ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride/)\n.\n\n[ Fiets toevoegen ](/cart) [ Shop accessoires ](/collections/accessories)\n\n# Welke Cowboy is geschikt voor jou? Ontmoet je match\n\n## Ontdek\n\n * [ Classic ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic)\n * [ Cruiser ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser)\n * [ Cruiser ST ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st)\n * [ Cross ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross)\n * [ Cross ST ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st)\n * [ Circular ](/nl-be/collections/circular)\n * [ Accessoires & onderdelen ](/nl-be/collections/accessories)\n * [ Boek een testrit ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride)\n\n## Services\n\n * [ Care ](/nl-be/products/cowboy-care)\n * [ Diefstalverzekering ](/nl-be/products/theft-insurance)\n * [ Betalingsmethoden ](/nl-be/pages/payment-methods)\n * [ Leasing ](/nl-be/pages/lease-a-cowboy)\n * [ Garantie ](/nl-be/products/warranty)\n * [ Business ](/nl-be/pages/business)\n * [ Studenten ](/nl-be/pages/student-program)\n\n## Over ons\n\n * [ Reviews ](/nl-be/blogs/reviews)\n * [ Pers ](/nl-be/blogs/press)\n * [ Blog ](/nl-be/blogs/stories)\n * [ Winkels ](/nl-be/pages/stores)\n * [ Vacatures ](/nl-be/pages/careers)\n * [ Affiliate-programma ](/nl-be/pages/affiliate)\n\n## Help\n\n * [ Contact ](/nl-be/pages/contact-us)\n * [ FAQ ](https://help.cowboy.com)\n * [ Levering ](/nl-be/pages/delivery)\n * [ Retourneren ](/nl-be/pages/returns)\n\n## Geen nieuwsbrief zoals alle anderen\n\n * [ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/CowboyHQ/)\n * [ YouTube ](https://www.youtube.com/c/COWBOYBikes/featured)\n\n[ ](/nl-be/)\n\n[ B Corp ](/nl-be/pages/b-corp)\n\n* * *\n\n * [ Terms of use ](/nl-be/pages/terms-of-use)\n * [ Data protection policy ](/nl-be/pages/privacy-policy)\n * \u00c2\u00a9 2025 Cowboy \n\n",
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n[ **Service?** Nu bij 200+ winkels \nof gewoon bij jou thuis. _Meer info_ ](/nl-be/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ Welke Cowboy is geschikt voor jou? \nDoe de quiz ](/nl-be/pages/which-cowboy-is-right-for-you)\n\n## Je winkelwagentje\n\nNiks te zien hier, maar [ een testride is dichtbij ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride/)\n.\n\n[ Fiets toevoegen ](/cart) [ Shop accessoires ](/collections/accessories)\n\n## Je winkelwagentje\n\nNiks te zien hier, maar [ een testride is dichtbij ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride/)\n.\n\n[ Fiets toevoegen ](/cart) [ Shop accessoires ](/collections/accessories)\n\n# Diensten Diefstalverzekering\n\nNiet zomaar een verzekering. Fiets zonder zorgen met een diefstalverzekering\nvoor je fiets. Ons pakket omvat diefstalmeldingen en een handig\nverzekeringsplan.\n\n### Theft Alerts\n\nLaat je waarschuwen als iemand je fiets probeert te stelen. Wanneer je fiets\nonverwacht beweegt, sturen we je realtime traceermeldingen via de (Cowboy)\napp. Ook standaard verkrijgbaar met Cowboy Connect. Controleer de T&C die van\ntoepassing zijn op het aanbod in jouw land.\n\n### Zelfde waarde\n\nDe waarde van je fiets moet gelijk blijven aan de aankoopprijs. Daarom omvat\nhet plan geen waardevermindering of eigen risico.\n\n### 24/7 bijstand\n\nBij diefstal of vandalisme helpen we je onderweg uit de nood en brengen we jou\nen je fiets naar huis.\n\n## Abonneren is heel eenvoudig.\n\n**Klikken, betalen, activeren.**\n\nJusActiveer de diefstalverzekering bij aankoop van je fiets en je bent in geen\ntijd beschermd. Of schrijf je later in via de Cowboy app.\n\n## Wat riders zeggen\n\n> \" My bike was taken around midnight, but I missed the notification on my\n> phone. The next morning, I received an alert around 7am that my bike had\n> been moved around South East London. On the Friday after, more notifications\n> but this time pointing clearly to a car wash. I traveled there, asked if\n> they'd seen a bike in the area, and made a big point of saying it had a\n> tracker on it. When I arrived back to work, I got a phone call \u00e2\u0080\u0094 a\n> customer had found my bike. Very grateful for Cowboy's brilliant anti-theft\n> system. \"\n>\n> **Cowboy rider Dom** , London UK\n\n> \" I left my bike outside for five minutes, and it was stolen. I immediately\n> checked the app and called the police. I shared with them the live position\n> of my bike and the police instantly sent two officers to the location. They\n> checked a couple different houses, but with no success. \n> \n> Overnight I received new Theft Alert notifications, and the police sent two\n> officers again. They saw the thief - someone who was already well known to\n> them - and arrested him on the spot. \"\n>\n> **Cowboy rider Peter** , Ghent Belgium\n\n> \" I wasn't planning on using my bike that day. Without the Theft Alert\n> notifications I don't think I would have realized until the next day that it\n> had been stolen. I would strongly advise all users to activate them. \"\n>\n> **Cowboy rider Spencer** , Paris France\n\n## FAQ\n\n## Ontdek\n\n * [ Classic ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic)\n * [ Cruiser ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser)\n * [ Cruiser ST ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st)\n * [ Cross ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross)\n * [ Cross ST ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st)\n * [ Circular ](/nl-be/collections/circular)\n * [ Accessoires & onderdelen ](/nl-be/collections/accessories)\n * [ Boek een testrit ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride)\n\n## Services\n\n * [ Care ](/nl-be/products/cowboy-care)\n * [ Diefstalverzekering ](/nl-be/products/theft-insurance)\n * [ Betalingsmethoden ](/nl-be/pages/payment-methods)\n * [ Leasing ](/nl-be/pages/lease-a-cowboy)\n * [ Garantie ](/nl-be/products/warranty)\n * [ Business ](/nl-be/pages/business)\n * [ Studenten ](/nl-be/pages/student-program)\n\n## Over ons\n\n * [ Reviews ](/nl-be/blogs/reviews)\n * [ Pers ](/nl-be/blogs/press)\n * [ Blog ](/nl-be/blogs/stories)\n * [ Winkels ](/nl-be/pages/stores)\n * [ Vacatures ](/nl-be/pages/careers)\n * [ Affiliate-programma ](/nl-be/pages/affiliate)\n\n## Help\n\n * [ Contact ](/nl-be/pages/contact-us)\n * [ FAQ ](https://help.cowboy.com)\n * [ Levering ](/nl-be/pages/delivery)\n * [ Retourneren ](/nl-be/pages/returns)\n\n## Geen nieuwsbrief zoals alle anderen\n\n * [ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/CowboyHQ/)\n * [ YouTube ](https://www.youtube.com/c/COWBOYBikes/featured)\n\n[ ](/nl-be/)\n\n[ B Corp ](/nl-be/pages/b-corp)\n\n* * *\n\n * [ Terms of use ](/nl-be/pages/terms-of-use)\n * [ Data protection policy ](/nl-be/pages/privacy-policy)\n * \u00c2\u00a9 2025 Cowboy \n\n",
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n[ **Service\u00c2 ?** D\u00c3\u00a9sormais dans plus de 200 magasins \nou chez vous. _En savoir plus_ ](/fr-be/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ Quel Cowboy vous convient le mieux\u00c2 ? \nCommencez le quiz ](/fr-be/pages/which-cowboy-is-right-for-you)\n\n## Votre panier\n\nIl n'y a rien par ici, mais [ il y a des test rides par-l\u00c3 ](/fr-\nbe/pages/test-ride/) .\n\n[ Ajouter un v\u00c3\u00a9lo ](/cart) [ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez les accessoires\n](/collections/accessories)\n\n## Votre panier\n\nIl n'y a rien par ici, mais [ il y a des test rides par-l\u00c3 ](/fr-\nbe/pages/test-ride/) .\n\n[ Ajouter un v\u00c3\u00a9lo ](/cart) [ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez les accessoires\n](/collections/accessories)\n\n# Services Cowboy Care\n\nAvec Cowboy Care, votre v\u00c3\u00a9lo reste en parfait \u00c3\u00a9tat d'utilisation \u00e2\u0080\u0094\nentretien \u00c3 l'adresse de votre choix et assur\u00c3\u00a9 par des techniciens form\u00c3\u00a9s\npar Cowboy.\n\n## Nous venons \u00c3 vous\n\n**Vous appr\u00c3\u00a9cierez le service professionel propos\u00c3\u00a9 par notre \u00c3\u00a9quipe Cowboy\nMobile Service. Si votre v\u00c3\u00a9lo n\u00c3\u00a9cessite un entretien, un technicien\nexp\u00c3\u00a9riment\u00c3\u00a9 viendra \u00c3 votre rescousse en un rien de temps.**\n\nIl vous suffit d'indiquer l'heure et le lieu qui vous conviennent le mieux sur\nl'app Cowboy, et nous nous mettons en route.\n\nCe service est d\u00c3\u00a9sormais disponible dans [ 14 villes ](/fr-be#faq) et\ns'\u00c3\u00a9tend rapidement \u00c3 travers toute l'Europe.\n\n## Cowboy Care Les services compris\n\nChez Cowboy, nous aimons les choses simples et transparentes. Une fois abonn\u00c3\u00a9\net d\u00c3\u00a8s que votre v\u00c3\u00a9lo n\u00c3\u00a9cessitera une intervention ou un r\u00c3\u00a9glage, nous\nnous d\u00c3\u00a9pla\u00c3\u00a7ons sans aucun frais suppl\u00c3\u00a9mentaire. Tout ce dont vous avez\nbesoin est inclus dans le programme. Aucune mauvaise surprise.\n\n**Entretien de votre v\u00c3\u00a9lo**\n\n \n\n * Nettoyage du cadre \n * Nettoyage de la courroie \n * Nettoyage des freins et des disques \n * R\u00c3\u00a9glage de tension de la courroie \n * Reserrage des boulons et des vis \n * V\u00c3\u00a9rification de la pression des pneus \n * Check-up complet du v\u00c3\u00a9lo \n\n**Remplacement de pi\u00c3\u00a8ces**\n\n \n\n * Remplacement des plaquettes de frein \n * Remplacement des pneus \n * Remplacement des chambres \u00c3 air \n\n**Toujours plus d'avantages**\n\n \n\n * Interventions illimit\u00c3\u00a9es \u00c3 la demande \n * D\u00c3\u00a9placement du technicien \u00c3 l'endroit de votre choix \n * Co\u00c3\u00bbt des pi\u00c3\u00a8ces de rechange inclus \n * Nouvelle clef gratuite pour la batterie en cas de perte \n * Frais de d\u00c3\u00a9placement pris en charge pour les r\u00c3\u00a9parations. \n\n## Mode d'emploi\n\n**\u00c3\u0080 tout moment, lorsque vous avez besoin d'aide avec votre v\u00c3\u00a9lo, vous\npouvez prendre un rendez-vous ou nous parler par l'interm\u00c3\u00a9diaire de l'app\nCowboy.**\n\nS\u00c3\u00a9lectionnez le service dont vous avez besoin - entretien ou simple\nr\u00c3\u00a9paration de crevaison. Suivez ensuite les instructions afin de valider\nvotre rendez-vous. Notre technicien pourra r\u00c3\u00a9pondre \u00c3 toutes vos questions\ndurant l'intervention.\n\nPour vous inscrire \u00c3 Cowboy Care, suivez les instructions dans l'app Cowboy.\n\n## Nous ne sommes jamais loin\n\nNous sommes d\u00c3\u00a9sormais pr\u00c3\u00a9sents dans [ 14 villes ](/fr-be#faq) et nous nous\nd\u00c3\u00a9veloppons rapidement \u00c3 travers toute l'Europe. Si votre r\u00c3\u00a9gion n'est pas\nencore couverte, faites-le nous savoir et nous l'inscrirons sur la liste\nd'attente.\n\n## FAQ\n\n## Explorez\n\n * [ Classic ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic)\n * [ Cruiser ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser)\n * [ Cruiser ST ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st)\n * [ Cross ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross)\n * [ Cross ST ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st)\n * [ Circular ](/fr-be/collections/circular)\n * [ Accessoires & pi\u00c3\u00a8ces ](/fr-be/collections/accessories)\n * [ R\u00c3\u00a9servez un essai ](/fr-be/pages/test-ride)\n\n## Services\n\n * [ Care ](/fr-be/products/cowboy-care)\n * [ Assurance vol ](/fr-be/products/theft-insurance)\n * [ M\u00c3\u00a9thodes de paiement ](/fr-be/pages/payment-methods)\n * [ Leasing ](/fr-be/pages/lease-a-cowboy)\n * [ Garantie ](/fr-be/products/warranty)\n * [ Business ](/fr-be/pages/business)\n * [ \u00c3\u0089tudiants ](/fr-be/pages/student-program)\n\n## \u00c3\u0080 propos\n\n * [ Avis ](/fr-be/blogs/reviews)\n * [ Presse ](/fr-be/blogs/press)\n * [ Blog ](/fr-be/blogs/stories)\n * [ Magasins ](/fr-be/pages/stores)\n * [ Carri\u00c3\u00a8res ](/fr-be/pages/careers)\n * [ Programme d'affiliation ](/fr-be/pages/affiliate)\n\n## Aide\n\n * [ Contact ](/fr-be/pages/contact-us)\n * [ FAQ ](https://help.cowboy.com)\n * [ Livraisons ](/fr-be/pages/delivery)\n * [ Retours ](/fr-be/pages/returns)\n\n## Une newsletter pas comme les autres\n\n * [ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/CowboyHQ/)\n * [ YouTube ](https://www.youtube.com/c/COWBOYBikes/featured)\n\n[ ](/fr-be/)\n\n[ B Corp ](/fr-be/pages/b-corp)\n\n* * *\n\n * [ Terms of use ](/fr-be/pages/terms-of-use)\n * [ Data protection policy ](/fr-be/pages/privacy-policy)\n * \u00c2\u00a9 2025 Cowboy \n\n",
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n[ **Service\u00c2 ?** D\u00c3\u00a9sormais dans plus de 200 magasins \nou chez vous. _En savoir plus_ ](/fr-be/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ Quel Cowboy vous convient le mieux\u00c2 ? \nCommencez le quiz ](/fr-be/pages/which-cowboy-is-right-for-you)\n\n## Votre panier\n\nIl n'y a rien par ici, mais [ il y a des test rides par-l\u00c3 ](/fr-\nbe/pages/test-ride/) .\n\n[ Ajouter un v\u00c3\u00a9lo ](/cart) [ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez les accessoires\n](/collections/accessories)\n\n## Votre panier\n\nIl n'y a rien par ici, mais [ il y a des test rides par-l\u00c3 ](/fr-\nbe/pages/test-ride/) .\n\n[ Ajouter un v\u00c3\u00a9lo ](/cart) [ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez les accessoires\n](/collections/accessories)\n\n# Cowboy Circular \u00c3\u0080 votre tour de rider\n\nUn second tour de piste pour votre v\u00c3\u00a9lo\n\nAvec Cowboy Circular, nous reconditionnons nos v\u00c3\u00a9los utilis\u00c3\u00a9s pour qu'ils\npuissent reprendre la route. Faites plaisir \u00c3 la plan\u00c3\u00a8te et \u00c3 votre\nportefeuille avec un v\u00c3\u00a9lo comme neuf.\n\nLivraison en 10 jours sur tous les mod\u00c3\u00a8les\n\n## Cruiser\n\nCruiser\u00c2 Noir \nPerformance\n\n2\u00e2\u0080\u00af748\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ~~3\u00e2\u0080\u00af298\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac~~\n\n * AdaptivePower \n * Courroie en carbone \n * B\u00c3\u00a9quille et porte-bagages arri\u00c3\u00a8re pr\u00c3\u00a9-install\u00c3\u00a9s \n * Chargeur de batterie rapide \n\n**\u00c3\u0089tat :** Bon\n\n1 restant\n\nVous ne voyez pas votre favori\u00c2 ? \nInscrivez-vous pour rester inform\u00c3\u00a9\n\nSoyez les premiers inform\u00c3\u00a9s\u00c2 :\n\n * Derni\u00c3\u00a8res nouvelles sur les produits \n * Offres exclusives \n * Nouveaux v\u00c3\u00a9los Circular \n\n[ Explorez Cruiser ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser) [ R\u00c3\u00a9servez un\nessai ](/fr-be/pages/test-ride?model=cruiser#type)\n\n## Cruiser\u00c2 ST\n\nCruiser\u00c2 ST\u00c2 Sable \nPerformance\n\n2\u00e2\u0080\u00af748\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ~~3\u00e2\u0080\u00af298\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac~~\n\n * AdaptivePower \n * Courroie en carbone \n * B\u00c3\u00a9quille et porte-bagages arri\u00c3\u00a8re pr\u00c3\u00a9-install\u00c3\u00a9s \n * Chargeur de batterie rapide \n * Port\u00c3\u00a9e de la batterie \u00c3\u00a9tendue \n\n**\u00c3\u0089tat :** Bon\n\n1 restant\n\nCruiser\u00c2 ST\u00c2 Noir \nCore\n\n2\u00e2\u0080\u00af649\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ~~2\u00e2\u0080\u00af999\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac~~\n\n * IntuitivePower \n * Courroie en carbone \n * B\u00c3\u00a9quille et porte-bagages arri\u00c3\u00a8re pr\u00c3\u00a9-install\u00c3\u00a9s \n * Chargeur de batterie standard \n\n**\u00c3\u0089tat :** Excellent\n\n1 restant\n\nVous ne voyez pas votre favori\u00c2 ? \nInscrivez-vous pour rester inform\u00c3\u00a9\n\nSoyez les premiers inform\u00c3\u00a9s\u00c2 :\n\n * Derni\u00c3\u00a8res nouvelles sur les produits \n * Offres exclusives \n * Nouveaux v\u00c3\u00a9los Circular \n\n[ Explorez Cruiser\u00c2 ST ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st) [ R\u00c3\u00a9servez\nun essai ](/fr-be/pages/test-ride?model=cruiser-st#type)\n\n## Classic\n\nClassic\u00c2 Sable \nPerformance\n\n2\u00e2\u0080\u00af598\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ~~2\u00e2\u0080\u00af998\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac~~\n\n * AdaptivePower \n * Courroie en carbone \n * B\u00c3\u00a9quille et porte-bagages arri\u00c3\u00a8re pr\u00c3\u00a9-install\u00c3\u00a9s \n * Chargeur de batterie standard \n\n**\u00c3\u0089tat :** Excellent\n\n1 restant\n\nVous ne voyez pas votre favori\u00c2 ? \nInscrivez-vous pour rester inform\u00c3\u00a9\n\nSoyez les premiers inform\u00c3\u00a9s\u00c2 :\n\n * Derni\u00c3\u00a8res nouvelles sur les produits \n * Offres exclusives \n * Nouveaux v\u00c3\u00a9los Circular \n\n[ Explorez Classic ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic) [ R\u00c3\u00a9servez un\nessai ](/fr-be/pages/test-ride?model=classic#type)\n\n## Cowboy\u00c2 3\n\nVous ne voyez pas votre favori\u00c2 ? \nInscrivez-vous pour rester inform\u00c3\u00a9\n\nSoyez les premiers inform\u00c3\u00a9s\u00c2 :\n\n * Derni\u00c3\u00a8res nouvelles sur les produits \n * Offres exclusives \n * Nouveaux v\u00c3\u00a9los Circular \n\nUn monde qui tourne rond Con\u00c3\u00a7u pour le bitume Roulez sur le cercle vertueux\nPlus qu'un v\u00c3\u00a9lo, Circular est un \u00c3\u00a9tat d'esprit Reconditionn\u00c3\u00a9 pour rouler.\nEncore et encore Le v\u00c3\u00a9lo \u00c3\u00a9lectrique qui n'arr\u00c3\u00aate jamais de vous surprendre\nUn monde qui tourne rond Un monde qui tourne rond Con\u00c3\u00a7u pour le bitume\nRoulez sur le cercle vertueux Plus qu'un v\u00c3\u00a9lo, Circular est un \u00c3\u00a9tat\nd'esprit Reconditionn\u00c3\u00a9 pour rouler. Encore et encore Le v\u00c3\u00a9lo \u00c3\u00a9lectrique\nqui n'arr\u00c3\u00aate jamais de vous surprendre Un monde qui tourne rond\n\n### Reconditionnement certifi\u00c3\u00a9\n\nChaque v\u00c3\u00a9lo est reconditionn\u00c3\u00a9 et nettoy\u00c3\u00a9 par notre \u00c3\u00a9quipe pour garantir un\n\u00c3\u00a9tat optimal au moment de reprendre la route.\n\n### Qualit\u00c3\u00a9 garantie\n\nEn fonction du nombre de kilom\u00c3\u00a8tres d\u00c3\u00a9j\u00c3 effectu\u00c3\u00a9s avec le v\u00c3\u00a9lo, nous\n\u00c3\u00a9valuons l'\u00c3\u00a9tat correspondant \u00c3 nos standards de qualit\u00c3\u00a9 et assurons qu'il\nsoit pr\u00c3\u00aat \u00c3 rouler.\n\n### Garantie d'une ann\u00c3\u00a9e\n\nTous les v\u00c3\u00a9los Circular comprennent une garantie de une ans. Si vous n'\u00c3\u00aates\npas enti\u00c3\u00a8rement satisfait, vous pouvez le retourner dans les 30 premiers\njours.\n\n### Pack complet\n\nPeu importe le mod\u00c3\u00a8le de son v\u00c3\u00a9lo, chaque rider vit la v\u00c3\u00a9ritable\nexp\u00c3\u00a9rience Cowboy et peut ajouter \u00c3 tout moment n'importe quel service ou\naccessoire.\n\n### Certifi\u00c3\u00a9 B Corp Go Circular pour un monde meilleur\n\nCowboy est d\u00c3\u00a9sormais une entreprise certifi\u00c3\u00a9e B Corp. \nNotre programme Circular est l'un des piliers de notre mission visant \u00c3\nam\u00c3\u00a9liorer la vie et la communaut\u00c3\u00a9 des riders aux quatre coins du globe. En\ndonnant une nouvelle vie \u00c3 nos v\u00c3\u00a9los, vous vivez une exp\u00c3\u00a9rience connect\u00c3\u00a9e\nsur la route tandis que nous renfor\u00c3\u00a7ons nos efforts en mati\u00c3\u00a8re de\ndurabilit\u00c3\u00a9 et faisons avancer le secteur de la mobilit\u00c3\u00a9.\n\n[ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez notre impact ](/fr-be/pages/b-corp)\n\nVous avez beau rouler droit, il est temps de passer au Circular Arborez\nfi\u00c3\u00a8rement les valeurs Cowboy sur la route Une offre trop bonne pour \u00c3\u00aatre\nvraie\u00c2 ? Non, elle est juste trop bonne. \u00c3\u0089conomisez de l'argent pour de bons\npetits chocolats chauds Un v\u00c3\u00a9lo Circular continue de rouler, encore et\ntoujours Entrez, reconditionnez, roulez Ces roues m\u00c3\u00a9ritent une nouvelle vie\nPeu importe le chemin parcouru par le v\u00c3\u00a9lo, il y a encore tant de chemins \u00c3\nexplorer Gloire \u00c3 la circularit\u00c3\u00a9 et la forme sup\u00c3\u00a9rieure des choses Vous\navez beau rouler droit, il est temps de passer au Circular Arborez fi\u00c3\u00a8rement\nles valeurs Cowboy sur la route Une offre trop bonne pour \u00c3\u00aatre vraie\u00c2 ? Non,\nelle est juste trop bonne. \u00c3\u0089conomisez de l'argent pour de bons petits\nchocolats chauds Un v\u00c3\u00a9lo Circular continue de rouler, encore et toujours\nEntrez, reconditionnez, roulez Ces roues m\u00c3\u00a9ritent une nouvelle vie Peu\nimporte le chemin parcouru par le v\u00c3\u00a9lo, il y a encore tant de chemins \u00c3\nexplorer Gloire \u00c3 la circularit\u00c3\u00a9 et la forme sup\u00c3\u00a9rieure des choses\n\n## FAQ\n\n## Explorez\n\n * [ Classic ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic)\n * [ Cruiser ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser)\n * [ Cruiser ST ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st)\n * [ Cross ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross)\n * [ Cross ST ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st)\n * [ Circular ](/fr-be/collections/circular)\n * [ Accessoires & pi\u00c3\u00a8ces ](/fr-be/collections/accessories)\n * [ R\u00c3\u00a9servez un essai ](/fr-be/pages/test-ride)\n\n## Services\n\n * [ Care ](/fr-be/products/cowboy-care)\n * [ Assurance vol ](/fr-be/products/theft-insurance)\n * [ M\u00c3\u00a9thodes de paiement ](/fr-be/pages/payment-methods)\n * [ Leasing ](/fr-be/pages/lease-a-cowboy)\n * [ Garantie ](/fr-be/products/warranty)\n * [ Business ](/fr-be/pages/business)\n * [ \u00c3\u0089tudiants ](/fr-be/pages/student-program)\n\n## \u00c3\u0080 propos\n\n * [ Avis ](/fr-be/blogs/reviews)\n * [ Presse ](/fr-be/blogs/press)\n * [ Blog ](/fr-be/blogs/stories)\n * [ Magasins ](/fr-be/pages/stores)\n * [ Carri\u00c3\u00a8res ](/fr-be/pages/careers)\n * [ Programme d'affiliation ](/fr-be/pages/affiliate)\n\n## Aide\n\n * [ Contact ](/fr-be/pages/contact-us)\n * [ FAQ ](https://help.cowboy.com)\n * [ Livraisons ](/fr-be/pages/delivery)\n * [ Retours ](/fr-be/pages/returns)\n\n## Une newsletter pas comme les autres\n\n * [ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/CowboyHQ/)\n * [ YouTube ](https://www.youtube.com/c/COWBOYBikes/featured)\n\n[ ](/fr-be/)\n\n[ B Corp ](/fr-be/pages/b-corp)\n\n* * *\n\n * [ Terms of use ](/fr-be/pages/terms-of-use)\n * [ Data protection policy ](/fr-be/pages/privacy-policy)\n * \u00c2\u00a9 2025 Cowboy \n\n",
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n[ **Service?** Nu bij 200+ winkels \nof gewoon bij jou thuis. _Meer info_ ](/nl-be/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ Welke Cowboy is geschikt voor jou? \nDoe de quiz ](/nl-be/pages/which-cowboy-is-right-for-you)\n\n## Je winkelwagentje\n\nNiks te zien hier, maar [ een testride is dichtbij ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride/)\n.\n\n[ Fiets toevoegen ](/cart) [ Shop accessoires ](/collections/accessories)\n\n## Je winkelwagentje\n\nNiks te zien hier, maar [ een testride is dichtbij ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride/)\n.\n\n[ Fiets toevoegen ](/cart) [ Shop accessoires ](/collections/accessories)\n\n# Diensten Cowboy Care\n\nHou je fiets in perfecte staat en rij altijd vlot met Cowboy Care. Onderhoud\naan je deur met technici opgeleid door Cowboy.\n\n## We komen bij je langs\n\n**Deskundige service wordt bij je afgeleverd door ons hooggewaardeerde Cowboy\nMobile Service-team. Als je een onderhoudsbeurt nodig hebt, komt een ervaren\ntechnicus naar je toe om je fiets in een mum van tijd weer in orde te maken.**\n\nBoek simpelweg een afspraak voor een tijd en plaats die jou het beste uitkomen\nvia de Cowboy app, en dan zijn we snel bij je.\n\nNu beschikbaar in [ 14 steden ](/nl-be#faq) en snel groeiend in heel Europa.\n\n## Cowboy Care Wat is inbegrepen\n\nBij Cowboy houden we het graag simpel. Abonneer je. En als je fiets aan een\nonderhoudsbeurt toe is, zijn we er. Zorgeloos en zonder gedoe. Zo goed als\nalles wat je nodig hebt is inbegrepen.\n\n**Onderhoud van je fiets**\n\n \n\n * Frame reinigen \n * Riem reinigen \n * Remmen en remblokjes reinigen \n * Riem aanspannen \n * Bouten en schroeven aandraaien \n * Bandenspanning controleren \n * Volledige check-up van de fiets \n\n**Vervanging**\n\n \n\n * Remblokjes vervangen \n * Banden vervangen \n * Binnenbanden vervangen \n\n**Meer voordelen**\n\n \n\n * Onbeperkt on-demand afspraken \n * Herstel op een adres naar keuze \n * Kosten van de onderdelen inbegrepen \n * Gratis extra batterijsleutel bij verlies \n * Reiskosten gedekt voor reparaties. \n\n## Hoe werkt het\n\n**Hulp nodig voor je fiets? Maak een afspraak of praat met ons via de Cowboy\napp.**\n\nKies een onderhoudsbeurt of een eenvoudige reparatie voor een lekke band en\nvolg de instructies om je afspraak af te ronden. Je wordt begroet door een\ntechnicus die al je vragen kan beantwoorden.\n\nVolg de instructies in de Cowboy app om je te abonneren op Cowboy Care.\n\n## Steeds in de buurt\n\nWe zijn nu in [ 14 steden ](/nl-be#faq) en breiden snel uit in heel Europa.\nAls jouw gebied nog beschikbaar is, laat het ons weten en we zetten het op de\nwachtlijst.\n\n## FAQ\n\n## Ontdek\n\n * [ Classic ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic)\n * [ Cruiser ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser)\n * [ Cruiser ST ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st)\n * [ Cross ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross)\n * [ Cross ST ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st)\n * [ Circular ](/nl-be/collections/circular)\n * [ Accessoires & onderdelen ](/nl-be/collections/accessories)\n * [ Boek een testrit ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride)\n\n## Services\n\n * [ Care ](/nl-be/products/cowboy-care)\n * [ Diefstalverzekering ](/nl-be/products/theft-insurance)\n * [ Betalingsmethoden ](/nl-be/pages/payment-methods)\n * [ Leasing ](/nl-be/pages/lease-a-cowboy)\n * [ Garantie ](/nl-be/products/warranty)\n * [ Business ](/nl-be/pages/business)\n * [ Studenten ](/nl-be/pages/student-program)\n\n## Over ons\n\n * [ Reviews ](/nl-be/blogs/reviews)\n * [ Pers ](/nl-be/blogs/press)\n * [ Blog ](/nl-be/blogs/stories)\n * [ Winkels ](/nl-be/pages/stores)\n * [ Vacatures ](/nl-be/pages/careers)\n * [ Affiliate-programma ](/nl-be/pages/affiliate)\n\n## Help\n\n * [ Contact ](/nl-be/pages/contact-us)\n * [ FAQ ](https://help.cowboy.com)\n * [ Levering ](/nl-be/pages/delivery)\n * [ Retourneren ](/nl-be/pages/returns)\n\n## Geen nieuwsbrief zoals alle anderen\n\n * [ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/CowboyHQ/)\n * [ YouTube ](https://www.youtube.com/c/COWBOYBikes/featured)\n\n[ ](/nl-be/)\n\n[ B Corp ](/nl-be/pages/b-corp)\n\n* * *\n\n * [ Terms of use ](/nl-be/pages/terms-of-use)\n * [ Data protection policy ](/nl-be/pages/privacy-policy)\n * \u00c2\u00a9 2025 Cowboy \n\n",
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n[ **Service?** Nu bij 200+ winkels \nof gewoon bij jou thuis. _Meer info_ ](/nl-be/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ Welke Cowboy is geschikt voor jou? \nDoe de quiz ](/nl-be/pages/which-cowboy-is-right-for-you)\n\n## Je winkelwagentje\n\nNiks te zien hier, maar [ een testride is dichtbij ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride/)\n.\n\n[ Fiets toevoegen ](/cart) [ Shop accessoires ](/collections/accessories)\n\n## Je winkelwagentje\n\nNiks te zien hier, maar [ een testride is dichtbij ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride/)\n.\n\n[ Fiets toevoegen ](/cart) [ Shop accessoires ](/collections/accessories)\n\n# Accessoires & onderdelen\n\nFilters toepassen\n\n## [ Quad Lock telefoonhoesje \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 30 ](/nl-be/products/phone-case)\n\n## [ Quad Lock Universele adapter \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 20 ](/nl-be/products/phone-case-\nuniversal-adapter)\n\n## [ Quad Lock-telefoonhouder (C1, C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 30 ](/nl-be/products/phone-\nmount)\n\n## [ Kryptonite beugelslot \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 89 ](/nl-be/products/lock)\n\n## [ Standaard (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 29 ](/nl-\nbe/products/kickstand)\n\n## [ Bagagerek (Classic, Cruiser ST, Cruiser) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 99 ](/nl-\nbe/products/rear-rack)\n\n## [ Kinderzitje Hamax Caress \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 185 ](/nl-be/products/child-seat)\n\n## [ Fietstas Brooks Scape Large \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 125 Tijdelijk niet op voorraad ](/nl-\nbe/products/brooks-pannier)\n\n## [ Closca helm \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 119 Tijdelijk niet op voorraad ](/nl-\nbe/products/closca-helmet)\n\n## [ POC Omne Air MIPS fietshelm \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 160 ](/nl-be/products/poc-helmet)\n\n## [ Fietskaradapter (Classic, Cruiser ST, Cruiser) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 20 Tijdelijk niet\nop voorraad ](/nl-be/products/trailer-adaptor)\n\n## [ Fietskaradapter (Cross, Cross ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 25 Tijdelijk niet op voorraad\n](/nl-be/products/trailer-adaptor-cross)\n\n## [ Crane fietsbel \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 35 ](/nl-be/products/crane-bell)\n\n## [ Bel (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST, Cross, Cross ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 10 ](/nl-\nbe/products/bell-c4)\n\n## [ Spaakreflector (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST, Cross, Cross ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3\n](/nl-be/products/spoke-reflector-c4)\n\n## [ Spaakreflector (C1, C2, C3, Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST, Cross, Cross\nST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/spoke-reflector)\n\n## [ Reflector Achteraan (C1, C2, C3, Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST, Cross,\nCross ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 5 ](/nl-be/products/rear-reflector)\n\n## [ Remblokken \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 19 Delivered in 60 days ](/nl-be/products/brake-pads)\n\n## [ Binnenband (C1, C2, C3, Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 8 ](/nl-\nbe/products/inner-tube)\n\n## [ Band (C1, C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 40 Delivered in 60 days ](/nl-\nbe/products/tire-c3)\n\n## [ Band (Classic, Cruiser ST, Cruiser) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 40 ](/nl-be/products/tire-c4)\n\n## [ HOTO elektrisch pomp \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 72 ](/nl-be/products/hoto-electric-tire-\ninflator)\n\n## [ Pomp SKS Rennkompressor \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 65 ](/nl-be/products/pump)\n\n## [ Fietsreinigingsset Muc-Off \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 64 Tijdelijk niet op voorraad ](/nl-\nbe/products/cleaning-kit)\n\n## [ Touch-up kit \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 19 ](/nl-be/products/touch-up-kit)\n\n## [ Cowboy pet \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 20 Delivered in 60 days ](/nl-be/products/cowboy-cap)\n\n## [ Rains Cap \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 45 ](/nl-be/products/rains-cap)\n\n## [ Cowboy t-shirt \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 30 ](/nl-be/products/t-shirt)\n\n## [ T-Shirt with Chest Pocket \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 30 ](/nl-be/products/t-shirt-with-chest-\npocket)\n\n## [ Coco Capit\u00c3\u00a1n T-Shirt \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 45 ](/nl-be/products/coco-capitan-t-shirt)\n\n## [ Rapha Commuter Jacket \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 115 Tijdelijk niet op voorraad ](/nl-\nbe/products/rapha-commuter-lightweight-jacket-men)\n\n## [ Rapha Commuter Jacket \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 115 ](/nl-be/products/rapha-commuter-\nlightweight-jacket-women)\n\n## [ Rains Long Jacket \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 95 ](/nl-be/products/rains-long-jacket)\n\n## [ Rains Fishtail Parka Long \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 120 ](/nl-be/products/fishtail-parka)\n\n## [ Rains Vissenstaart Parka \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 120 ](/nl-be/products/rains-fishtail-\nparka)\n\n## [ Sandqvist Creek Hike rugzak \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 169 ](/nl-be/products/sandqvist-creek-\nhike)\n\n## [ Rains Rolltop Rucksack \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 110 Delivered in 60 days ](/nl-\nbe/products/rains-rolltop-rucksack)\n\n## [ Rains Broek Regular \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 75 Delivered in 60 days ](/nl-\nbe/products/rains-pants-regular)\n\n## [ Rains Handschoenen \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 42 Tijdelijk niet op voorraad ](/nl-\nbe/products/rains-gloves)\n\n## [ Closca 'Wave' fles \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 45 Tijdelijk niet op voorraad ](/nl-\nbe/products/closca-wave-bottle)\n\n## [ Sandqvist Lo Bumbag \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 79 Tijdelijk niet op voorraad ](/nl-\nbe/products/sandqvist-lo-bumbag)\n\n## [ Remhendel Links - Tektro (Classic, Cruiser ST, Cruiser, Cross, Cross ST)\n\u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 44 ](/nl-be/products/left-brake-lever-tektro)\n\n## [ Remhendel Links - Sunrace (Classic, Cruiser ST, Cruiser) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 44\n](/nl-be/products/left-brake-lever-sunrace)\n\n## [ Remhendel Rechts - Tektro (Classic, Cruiser ST, Cruiser, Cross, Cross\nST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 44 ](/nl-be/products/right-brake-lever-c4-tektro)\n\n## [ Remhendel Rechts - Sunrace (Classic, Cruiser ST, Cruiser) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 44\n](/nl-be/products/right-brake-lever-c4-sunrace)\n\n## [ Remschijf - 160mm (C2, C3, Classic, Cruiser ST, Cruiser, Cross, Cross\nST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 24 ](/nl-be/products/brake-disc-160mm)\n\n## [ Remschijf achteraan - 165mm - Edition I (C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 24 ](/nl-\nbe/products/brake-disc-165mm)\n\n## [ Remklauw Vooraan - Tektro (Classic) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 44 Delivered in 60 days\n](/nl-be/products/front-brake-caliper-classic-tektro)\n\n## [ Remklauw Vooraan - Sunrace (Classic) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 44 ](/nl-be/products/front-\nbrake-caliper-classic-sunrace)\n\n## [ Remklauw Vooraan - Sunrace (Cruiser ST, Cruiser) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 44 ](/nl-\nbe/products/front-brake-caliper-cruiser-sunrace)\n\n## [ Remklauw Vooraan - Tektro (Cruiser ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 44 Delivered in 60 days\n](/nl-be/products/front-brake-caliper-cruiser-st)\n\n## [ Remklauw Vooraan - Tektro (Cruiser) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 44 ](/nl-be/products/front-\nbrake-caliper-cruiser-tektro)\n\n## [ Remklauw Vooraan (C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 44 ](/nl-be/products/front-brake-\ncaliper-c2-c3)\n\n## [ Remklauw Vooraan (C1) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 44 ](/nl-be/products/front-brake-\ncaliper-c1)\n\n## [ Remklauw Achteraan - Tektro (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 44\n](/nl-be/products/rear-brake-caliper-tektro)\n\n## [ Remklauw Achteraan - Sunrace (Classic, Cruiser ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 44 ](/nl-\nbe/products/rear-brake-caliper-classic-sunrace)\n\n## [ Remklauw Achteraan - Sunrace (Cruiser) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 44 ](/nl-be/products/rear-\nbrake-caliper-cruiser-sunrace)\n\n## [ Remklauw Achteraan (C1) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 44 ](/nl-be/products/rear-brake-\ncaliper-c1)\n\n## [ Remklauw Achteraan (C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 44 ](/nl-be/products/rear-brake-\ncaliper-c2-c3)\n\n## [ Remfittingen - Tektro (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST, Cross, Cross ST)\n\u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/brake-fittings-tektro)\n\n## [ Remfittingen Olive - Tektro (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST, Cross, Cross\nST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 Delivered in 60 days ](/nl-be/products/brake-fitting-olive-\ntektro)\n\n## [ Remfittingen Olive - Sunrace (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3\n](/nl-be/products/brake-fitting-olive-sunrace)\n\n## [ Remfittingen Inzetstuk - Sunrace (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3\n](/nl-be/products/brake-fittings-insert-sunrace)\n\n## [ Wiel Achteraan (C2) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 556 Delivered in 60 days ](/nl-\nbe/products/full-rear-wheel-c2)\n\n## [ Wiel Achteraan (Classic, Cruiser ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 372 Delivered in 60 days\n](/nl-be/products/full-rear-wheel-c4-classic)\n\n## [ Wiel Achteraan (Cruiser) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 372 Delivered in 60 days ](/nl-\nbe/products/full-rear-wheel-c4-cruiser)\n\n## [ Wiel Achteraan (C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 605 Delivered in 60 days ](/nl-\nbe/products/full-rear-wheel-c3)\n\n## [ Wiel Achteraan - Core (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 372\nDelivered in 60 days ](/nl-be/products/full-rear-wheel-c4-core)\n\n## [ Wiel Vooraan (C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 149 ](/nl-be/products/full-front-wheel-c3)\n\n## [ Wiel Vooraan (Classic, Cruiser ST, Cruiser) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 149 Delivered in 60\ndays ](/nl-be/products/full-front-wheel-c4)\n\n## [ Spatbord Vooraan (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 32 ](/nl-\nbe/products/front-mudguard-c4)\n\n## [ Spatbord Achteraan (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 55 ](/nl-\nbe/products/rear-mudguard-c4)\n\n## [ Poke Yoke-motoras (Classic, Cruiser ST, Cruiser, Cross, Cross ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2\n5 ](/nl-be/products/poka-yoke-motor-axle-c4)\n\n## [ Poke Yoke-motoras (C1, C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 5 ](/nl-be/products/poka-yoke-\nmotor-axle-c1-c2-c3)\n\n## [ Voorwielas (Classic, Cruiser ST, Cruiser) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 19 Delivered in 60 days\n](/nl-be/products/through-axle-c4)\n\n## [ Voorwielas (C1, C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 19 Delivered in 60 days ](/nl-\nbe/products/through-axle-c3)\n\n## [ Rim (C2) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 35 ](/nl-be/products/rim)\n\n## [ Rim (Classic, Cruiser ST, Cruiser) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 35 Delivered in 60 days\n](/nl-be/products/rim-3)\n\n## [ Rim (C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 35 ](/nl-be/products/rim-c3)\n\n## [ Spaak Vooraan Links (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-\nbe/products/front-left-spoke-2)\n\n## [ Spaak Vooraan Rechts (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-\nbe/products/front-right-spoke-c4)\n\n## [ Spaak Achteraan Links (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 Delivered\nin 60 days ](/nl-be/products/rear-left-spoke-c4)\n\n## [ Spaak Achteraan Rechts (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-\nbe/products/rear-right-spoke-c4)\n\n## [ Batterij (C1, C2, C3, Classic, Cruiser ST, Cruiser) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 539 Delivered\nin 60 days ](/nl-be/products/battery-c1-c2-c3-c4)\n\n## [ Batterijlader - Standaard (C1, C2, C3, Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST)\n\u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 159 ](/nl-be/products/standard-battery-charger)\n\n## [ Batterijlader - Performance (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST, Cross, Cross\nST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 199 Delivered in 60 days ](/nl-be/products/performance-battery-\ncharger)\n\n## [ Riem (C1, C2) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 39 Delivered in 60 days ](/nl-\nbe/products/belt-c1-c2)\n\n## [ Riem (C3, Classic, Cruiser ST, Cruiser) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 89 Delivered in 60 days\n](/nl-be/products/belt-c3-c4)\n\n## [ Pedalen (Classic, Cruiser ST, Cruiser) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 29 ](/nl-\nbe/products/pedal-set-c4)\n\n## [ Pedalen (C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 29 ](/nl-be/products/pedal-set-c2-c3)\n\n## [ Crankarm Links (C1, C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 21 ](/nl-be/products/crank-arm-\nleft-c1-c2-c3)\n\n## [ Crankarm Links (Classic, Cruiser ST, Cruiser, Cross ST, Cross) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 21\n](/nl-be/products/crank-arm-left-c4)\n\n## [ Crankarm Rechts (Classic, Cruiser ST, Cruiser, Cross ST, Cross) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 21\nDelivered in 60 days ](/nl-be/products/crank-arm-right-c4)\n\n## [ Crankarm Rechts (C1) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 21 Delivered in 60 days ](/nl-\nbe/products/crank-arm-right-c1)\n\n## [ Crankarm Rechts (C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 21 ](/nl-be/products/crank-arm-\nright-c2-c3)\n\n## [ Tandwiel Vooraan (Cross ST, Cross, Cruiser, Classic) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 110 ](/nl-\nbe/products/front-sprocket-c4)\n\n## [ Tandwiel Vooraan Bescherming (Cruiser ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 15 ](/nl-\nbe/products/belt-guard-with-screws)\n\n## [ Tandwiel Vooraan Bescherming (Classic, Cruiser) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 15 ](/nl-\nbe/products/belt-guard-with-screws-st)\n\n## [ Tandwiel Vooraan (Cruiser ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 110 ](/nl-be/products/front-\nsprocket-c4-st)\n\n## [ Tandwiel Achteraan (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 104 ](/nl-\nbe/products/sprocket-rear)\n\n## [ Tandwiel Achteraan (Cruiser) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 101 ](/nl-be/products/sprocket-rear-\nus)\n\n## [ Kettingblad Spider (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 32 ](/nl-\nbe/products/spider-c4)\n\n## [ Tandwiel Achteraan - Core (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 10\n](/nl-be/products/cog-rear-17t)\n\n## [ Ketting (Classic, Cruiser) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 28 ](/nl-be/products/chain)\n\n## [ Ketting (Cruiser ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 28 ](/nl-be/products/chain-st)\n\n## [ Kettingblad Spider Lock-Ring (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 10\n](/nl-be/products/spider-lock-ring)\n\n## [ Tandwiel Achteraan Borgring (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST, Cross, Cross\nST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 10 ](/nl-be/products/rear-sprocket-lock-ring-c4-cross)\n\n## [ Trapas Behuizing Set (Cruiser, Classic, Cruiser ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 44 Delivered\nin 60 days ](/nl-be/products/bb-housing-set)\n\n## [ Comfort Zadel (Classic, Cruiser ST, Cruiser, Cross ST, Cross) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 60\n](/nl-be/products/saddle-comfort)\n\n## [ Sport Zadel (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST, Cross, Cross ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 60\n](/nl-be/products/saddle-sport)\n\n## [ Zadelpen (C1, C2, C3, Classic, Cruiser ST, Cruiser) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 25 ](/nl-\nbe/products/seat-post-1)\n\n## [ Zadelklem - Edition U (C2, C3, Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 10\nDelivered in 60 days ](/nl-be/products/seat-clamp-c2-c3-c4)\n\n## [ Onderkap printplaat (C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/bottom-cap-comm-\nmodule-assembly-c2)\n\n## [ Comfort Handvatten (Classic, Cruiser ST, Cruiser, Cross ST, Cross) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2\n25 ](/nl-be/products/grips-c4-st)\n\n## [ Sport Handvatten (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST, Cross, Cross ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2\n25 ](/nl-be/products/grips-c4)\n\n## [ Sport Handvatten (C1, C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 25 ](/nl-be/products/grips-c3)\n\n## [ Quad Lock-telefoonhouder (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST, Cross, Cross ST)\n\u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 5 ](/nl-be/products/quad-lock-phone-mount-set)\n\n## [ Reflector Vooraan (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST, Cross, Cross ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2\n3 ](/nl-be/products/front-reflector)\n\n## [ Reflectorbeugel Vooraan (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST, Cross, Cross ST)\n\u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/front-reflector-bracket)\n\n## [ Balhoofd Set (zonder Kroonlager) (Classic, Cruiser ST, Cruiser, Cross,\nCross ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 20 ](/nl-be/products/headset-c4-cross)\n\n## [ Cockpit Afdekking Onderaan (Classic, Cruiser ST, Cross ST, Cross) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2\n5 ](/nl-be/products/cockpit-bottom-cover)\n\n## [ Cockpit Afdekking Onderaan (Cruiser) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 Delivered in 60 days\n](/nl-be/products/cockpit-bottom-cover-cruiser)\n\n## [ Bagagedrager Verbindingsplaat - Clay - Edition M (Classic, Cruiser,\nCruiser ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/bridge-plate-clay-ming)\n\n## [ Bagagedrager Verbindingsplaat - Fig - Edition M (Classic, Cruiser,\nCruiser ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/bridge-plate-fig-ming)\n\n## [ Bagagedrager Verbindingsplaat - Sage - Edition M (Classic, Cruiser,\nCruiser ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/bridge-plate-sage-ming)\n\n## [ Bagagedrager Verbindingsplaat - Zand - Edition M (Classic, Cruiser,\nCruiser ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/bridge-plate-sand-ming)\n\n## [ Bagagedrager Verbindingsplaat - Lavendel - Edition M (Classic, Cruiser,\nCruiser ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/bridge-plate-lavender-ming)\n\n## [ Bagagedrager Verbindingsplaat - Khaki - Edition M (Classic, Cruiser,\nCruiser ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/bridge-plate-khaki-ming)\n\n## [ Bagagedrager Verbindingsplaat - Zwart - Edition M (Classic, Cruiser,\nCruiser ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 5 Delivered in 60 days ](/nl-be/products/bridge-plate-\nblack-ming)\n\n## [ Licht Vooraan (Cross ST, Cross, Cruiser, Cruiser ST, Classic) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 19\n](/nl-be/products/front-light-c4)\n\n## [ Knog Plug voorlicht \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 30 Tijdelijk niet op voorraad ](/nl-\nbe/products/knog-front-light)\n\n## [ Remfitting Moer - Tektro (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST, Cross, Cross ST)\n\u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/fitting-nut-tektro)\n\n## [ Remfitting Moer Plastic Afdekking - Tektro (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser\nST, Cross, Cross ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/fitting-nut-plastic-cover-\ntektro)\n\n## [ Remfitting Moer - Sunrace (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-\nbe/products/fitting-nut-sunrace)\n\n## [ Remfitting Moer Plastic Afdekking - Sunrace (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser\nST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/fitting-nut-plastic-cover-sunrace)\n\n## [ Remschijf Schroef (Cross, Cross ST, Cruiser, Cruiser ST, Classic) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2\n3 ](/nl-be/products/screw-brake-disc-c4)\n\n## [ Remschijf Schroef (C2, C3, Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-\nbe/products/screw-brake-disc-c2-c3-c4)\n\n## [ Remontluchting Schroef O-ring (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3\n](/nl-be/products/o-ring)\n\n## [ Remklauw Vooraan Schroef - Tektro (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3\n](/nl-be/products/screw-caliper-front-tektro)\n\n## [ Remklauw Vooraan Schroef - Sunrace (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2\n3 ](/nl-be/products/screw-caliper-front-sunrace)\n\n## [ Remklauw Achteraan Schroef - Tektro (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2\n3 ](/nl-be/products/screw-caliper-rear-tektro)\n\n## [ Remklauw Achteraan Schroef - Sunrace (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST)\n\u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/screw-caliper-rear-sunrace)\n\n## [ Remblok Bevestigingsschroef (C1, C2, C3, Classic, Cruiser ST, Cruiser)\n\u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/brake-pad-retainer-screw)\n\n## [ Wiel Achteraan Moer (Classic, Cruiser ST, Cruiser) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-\nbe/products/rear-wheel-nut-c4)\n\n## [ Wiel Achteraan Moer (C1, C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/rear-wheel-\nnut-c1-c2-c3)\n\n## [ Spatbord Binnenste Schroef (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST, Cross ST,\nCross) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/screw-mudguard)\n\n## [ Spatbord Vooraan Schroef Zijkant (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3\n](/nl-be/products/screw-mudguard-front)\n\n## [ Spatbord Vooraan Sluitring (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3\n](/nl-be/products/washer-front-mudguard)\n\n## [ Bagagedrager Spatbord Schroef (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3\n](/nl-be/products/screw-mudguard-back-carrier)\n\n## [ Trailer-adapter Sluitring (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-\nbe/products/washer-m10-trailor-adaptator)\n\n## [ Tandwiel Vooraan Bout (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-\nbe/products/bolt-front-sprocket)\n\n## [ Crankbout (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST, Cross, Cross ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3\n](/nl-be/products/spindle-bolt-c4)\n\n## [ Tandwiel Vooraan Moer (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-\nbe/products/nut-front-sprocket)\n\n## [ Tandwiel Vooraan Bescherming Schroef (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST)\n\u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 0 ](/nl-be/products/screw-belt-guard)\n\n## [ Trapas Rechter Cup Schroef (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3\n](/nl-be/products/screw-bb-cup-right)\n\n## [ Zadelklem Schroef (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST, Cross, Cross ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2\n3 ](/nl-be/products/screw-seat-clamp-1)\n\n## [ Topbrug Rubberstrip (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-\nbe/products/top-bridge-rubber-bar-c4)\n\n## [ Frame-opening Schroef (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-\nbe/products/frame-opening-screw-c4)\n\n## [ Bagagedrager Verbindingsschroef (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3\n](/nl-be/products/screw-back-carrier-bridge-plate)\n\n## [ Cockpit Voorspanningsschroef (Classic) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 5 ](/nl-be/products/screw-\ncockpit-preload-classic)\n\n## [ Batterijconnector Afstandhouder (C2, C3, Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST,\nCross, Cross ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 5 ](/nl-be/products/battery-connector-spacer)\n\n## [ Bagagedrager Verbindingsplaat Schroef (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST)\n\u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 Delivered in 60 days ](/nl-be/products/screw-back-carrier-bridge-\nplate-c4)\n\n## [ Cockpit Voorspanningsschroef (Cruiser) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/screw-\ncockpit-preload-cruiser)\n\n## [ Cockpit Voorspanningsschroef (Cruiser ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-\nbe/products/screw-cockpit-preload-cruiser-st)\n\n## [ Standaard Schroef (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-\nbe/products/screw-kick-stand)\n\n## [ Motorkabel Afdekking (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-\nbe/products/motor-cable-cover-c4)\n\n## [ Spansleutel Riemspanning - Edition A (C2, C3, Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser\nST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 17 ](/nl-be/products/belt-spanner-tension-wrench-aikema)\n\n## [ Spansleutel Riemspanning - Edition M (C2, C3, Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser\nST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 17 ](/nl-be/products/belt-spanner-tension-wrench-ming)\n\n## [ 4 mm Vlinder-inbussleutel (C2, C3, Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3\n](/nl-be/products/4mm-butterfly-allen-key)\n\n## [ Vork (C1) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 78 ](/nl-be/products/fork-c1)\n\n## [ Zitbuis Dop Bovenaan (C1) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 18 ](/nl-be/products/seat-tube-top-cap)\n\n## [ Trapas Openingsdeksel (C1) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 Delivered in 60 days ](/nl-\nbe/products/cover-bottom-bracket-opening)\n\n## [ Zadel (C1) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 25 ](/nl-be/products/saddle-c1)\n\n## [ Zadelpen Ge\u00c3\u00afntegreerde Klem Set (C1) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 10 ](/nl-be/products/seat-\npost-integrated-clamp-set)\n\n## [ Stuur (C1) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 28 ](/nl-be/products/handlebar-c1)\n\n## [ Stuurpen (C1, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 12 ](/nl-be/products/stem-c1-c3)\n\n## [ Balhoofd Afdekking Set (C1) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 Delivered in 60 days ](/nl-\nbe/products/headset-cap-set)\n\n## [ Balhoofd Afstandhouder (C1) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 Delivered in 60 days ](/nl-\nbe/products/headset-spacer)\n\n## [ Balhoofd (C1) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 24 Delivered in 60 days ](/nl-\nbe/products/headset-c1)\n\n## [ Balhoofd Volcano (C1) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 4 ](/nl-be/products/headset-volcano)\n\n## [ Balhoofd Lager Bovenaan (C1) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 7 ](/nl-be/products/headset-upper-\nbearing)\n\n## [ Balhoofd Bovenste Afstandhouder (C1) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 7 ](/nl-be/products/headset-\nupper-spacer)\n\n## [ Balhoofd Lager Onderaan (C1) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 7 ](/nl-be/products/headset-lower-\nbearing)\n\n## [ Balhoofd Afstandhouder Onderaan (C1) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 7 ](/nl-be/products/headset-\nlower-spacer)\n\n## [ Wiel Vooraan (C1) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 149 ](/nl-be/products/full-front-wheel-c1)\n\n## [ Wielspaken (C1) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/wheel-spokes)\n\n## [ Band Schwalbe G-One (C1) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 44 ](/nl-be/products/schwalbe-g-one-all-\nround-tire)\n\n## [ Pedalen (C1) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 29 ](/nl-be/products/pedal-set-c1)\n\n## [ Koppelsensor (C1) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 142 ](/nl-be/products/torque-sensor)\n\n## [ Trapas Rechter Cup (C1) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 18 ](/nl-be/products/drive-side-bottom-\nbracket-cup)\n\n## [ Trapas Linker Cup (C1) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 18 ](/nl-be/products/non-drive-side-\nbottom-bracket-cup)\n\n## [ Trapas Lager (C1) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 17 ](/nl-be/products/bottom-bracket-bearing-c1)\n\n## [ Remschijf (C1) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 24 ](/nl-be/products/brake-disc-c1)\n\n## [ Remschijf Schroef (C1) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/screw-brake-disc-c1)\n\n## [ Remhendel Links (C1) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 44 ](/nl-be/products/left-lever-c1)\n\n## [ Remhendel Rechts (C1) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 44 ](/nl-be/products/right-lever-c1)\n\n## [ Wiel Achteraan Dropout Links (C1) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 12 ](/nl-be/products/left-\ndropout-hanger)\n\n## [ Rembeugel Achteraan (C1) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 10 Delivered in 60 days ](/nl-\nbe/products/rear-brake-hanger)\n\n## [ Comm-module Afdichting (C1) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/pcb-seal)\n\n## [ Licht Vooraan (C1) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 19 ](/nl-be/products/front-light-c1)\n\n## [ Riem Spanningsschroef (C1) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 Delivered in 60 days ](/nl-\nbe/products/belt-tension-screw)\n\n## [ Crankarm Schroef (C1) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/crank-arm-screw)\n\n## [ Staande Achtervork Schroef (C1) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 Delivered in 60 days ](/nl-\nbe/products/seat-stay-screw)\n\n## [ Comm-module Schroef (C1) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/pcb-screw)\n\n## [ Trapas Openingsdeksel Schroef (C1) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/screw-\nbottom-bracket-opening)\n\n## [ Wiel Achteraan M12 Moer (C1) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 Delivered in 60 days ](/nl-\nbe/products/rear-wheel-m12-nut)\n\n## [ Wiel Achteraan M12 Sluitring (C1) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/rear-\nwheel-m12-washer)\n\n## [ Remfittingen (C1) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 Delivered in 60 days ](/nl-\nbe/products/brakes-fitting-set-c1)\n\n## [ Zitbuis Plastic Rubberen Dop (C1) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/seat-tube-\nrubber-cap)\n\n## [ Batterijtong Rubbers (C1) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/battery-tongue-\nrubber-dots)\n\n## [ Frame Pluggen (C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/frame-plugs)\n\n## [ Zitbuis Plastic Afdekking (C1) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/seat-tube-\nplastic-cover)\n\n## [ Frame-opening Set (C1) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/frame-opening-set-c1)\n\n## [ Tandwiel Achteraan (C1) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 33 ](/nl-be/products/rear-sprocket)\n\n## [ Tandwiel Vooraan (C1) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 38 ](/nl-be/products/front-sprocket-c1)\n\n## [ Comm-module Servicedeur (C1) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/pcb-service-\ndoor-c1)\n\n## [ Wiel Achteraan (C1) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 306 ](/nl-be/products/full-rear-wheel-c1)\n\n## [ Vork - Zwart - Edition I (C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 122 ](/nl-\nbe/products/fork-c2-c3-black-ideal)\n\n## [ Vork - Mineraal Grijs - Edition I (C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 122 ](/nl-\nbe/products/fork-c2-c3-mineralgrey-ideal)\n\n## [ Vork - Anthraciet Grijs (C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 122 Delivered in 60 days ](/nl-\nbe/products/fork-c2-c3-anthracitegrey)\n\n## [ Vork - Zwart - Edition M (C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 122 ](/nl-\nbe/products/fork-c2-c3-black-ming)\n\n## [ Vork - Mineraal Grijs - Edition M (C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 122 ](/nl-\nbe/products/fork-c2-c3-mineralgrey-ming)\n\n## [ Batterijconnector Steun - Edition I (C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 39 ](/nl-\nbe/products/seat-tube-connector-support-ideal)\n\n## [ Batterijconnector Steun - Edition M (C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 39 ](/nl-\nbe/products/seat-tube-connector-support-ming)\n\n## [ Connector Kabelhouder (C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/connector-\ncable-holder-c2-c3)\n\n## [ Balhoofd (C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 24 Delivered in 60 days ](/nl-\nbe/products/headset-c2-c3)\n\n## [ Topkap Stermoer (C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/star-nut-top-cap)\n\n## [ Frame-opening Set (C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/frame-opening-\nset-c2-c3)\n\n## [ Zadel (C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 40 ](/nl-be/products/saddle-c2-c3)\n\n## [ Stuur (C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 28 ](/nl-be/products/handlebar-c2-c3)\n\n## [ Stuurpen (C2) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 23 ](/nl-be/products/step-c2)\n\n## [ Spaak Vooraan Links (C1, C2) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/front-left-\nspoke-c1-c2)\n\n## [ Spaak Vooraan Links (C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/front-left-spoke-c3)\n\n## [ Spaak Vooraan Rechts (C1, C2) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/front-right-\nspoke-c1-c2)\n\n## [ Spaak Vooraan Rechts (C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/front-right-\nspoke-c3)\n\n## [ Band Panaracer Gravelking (C2) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 44 Delivered in 60 days ](/nl-\nbe/products/panaracer-gravelking-tire-c2)\n\n## [ Spaak Achteraan Links (C1, C2) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/rear-left-\nspoke-c1-c2)\n\n## [ Spaak Achteraan Links (C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/rear-left-\nspoke-c3)\n\n## [ Spaak Achteraan Rechts (C1, C2) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/rear-right-\nspoke-c1-c2)\n\n## [ Spaak Achteraan Rechts (C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/rear-right-\nspoke-c3)\n\n## [ Trapas Rechter Cup (C1, C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 10 ](/nl-be/products/bb-cup-rh)\n\n## [ Tandwiel Vooraan (C2) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 35 ](/nl-be/products/front-sprocket-c2)\n\n## [ Tandwiel Vooraan (C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 124 Delivered in 60 days ](/nl-\nbe/products/front-sprocket-c3)\n\n## [ Lagerschild (C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/bearing-shield)\n\n## [ Tandwiel Achteraan (C2) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 52 Delivered in 60 days ](/nl-\nbe/products/rear-sprocket-c2)\n\n## [ Tandwiel Achteraan (C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 91 ](/nl-be/products/rear-sprocket-c3)\n\n## [ Tandwiel Achteraan Borgring (C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/rear-\nsprocket-lock-ring-c2-c3)\n\n## [ Remhendel Links (C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 44 ](/nl-be/products/left-lever-c2-c3)\n\n## [ Adapterplaat voorremklauw (C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 13 Delivered in 60 days\n](/nl-be/products/adaptor-plate-front-caliper)\n\n## [ Remhendel Rechts (C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 44 ](/nl-be/products/right-lever-c2-c3)\n\n## [ Naafmotor Lagerbescherming (C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 10 ](/nl-be/products/bearing-\nhub-motor-cover)\n\n## [ Controller Afdekking (C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/controller-\ncover)\n\n## [ Licht Vooraan (C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 19 ](/nl-be/products/front-light-c2-c3)\n\n## [ Zadelklem Schroef (C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/screw-seat-\nclamp-c2-c3)\n\n## [ Remklauw Achteraan Schroef (C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/screw-\nrear-caliper)\n\n## [ Topkap Zadelklem Schroef - Edition I (C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-\nbe/products/saddle-clamp-screw-c2-c3-ideal)\n\n## [ Topkap Zadelklem Schroef - Edition M (C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-\nbe/products/saddle-clamp-screw-c3-ming)\n\n## [ Trapas Behuizing Positioneringsschroef (C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-\nbe/products/bb-housing-positioning-screw)\n\n## [ Trapas Behuizing Schroef (C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/bottom-\nbracket-shell-screw)\n\n## [ Frame-opening Schroef (C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/frame-opening-\nscrew-c2-c3)\n\n## [ Spatbord Vooraan Schroef Zijkant (C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-\nbe/products/screw-mudguard-front-side-with-washer)\n\n## [ Spatbord Vooraan Schroef Bovenaan (C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-\nbe/products/screw-mudguard-front-top-with-washer)\n\n## [ Spatbord Achteraan Schroef (C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/screw-\nmudguard-rear)\n\n## [ Remklauw Vooraan Schroef (C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/screw-\nfront-caliper)\n\n## [ Spatbord Vooraan Sluitring (C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/washer-\nmudguard-front-side)\n\n## [ Stermoer Schroef (C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/screw-star-nut)\n\n## [ Trapas Behuizing Moer (C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/nut-bb-shell)\n\n## [ Koppelsensorkabel Binnenste Moer (C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-\nbe/products/nut-torque-sensor-cable-inner)\n\n## [ Koppelsensorkabel Buitenste Moer (C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-\nbe/products/nut-torque-sensor-cable-outer)\n\n## [ Tandwiel Vooraan Set Tandwielbouten en -moeren (C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-\nbe/products/chainring-bolt-and-nut-set)\n\n## [ Spatbord Stermoer - Edition I (C3, C2) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/star-\nnut-mudguard-ideal)\n\n## [ Spatbord Stermoer - Edition M (C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/star-nut-\nmudguard-ming)\n\n## [ Koppelsensorkabel Afstandshouder - Edition I (C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 10 ](/nl-\nbe/products/spacer-torque-sensor-cable-ideal)\n\n## [ Koppelsensorkabel Afstandshouder - Edition M (C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 10 ](/nl-\nbe/products/spacer-torque-sensor-cable)\n\n## [ Spatbord Achteraan Sluitring (C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/washer-\nmudguard-rear)\n\n## [ Motoras Sluitring (C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/washer-motor-axle)\n\n## [ Koppelsensor Afstandsring (C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/torque-\nsensor-spacer)\n\n## [ Motorkabelclip (C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/motor-cable-\nclip-c2-c3)\n\n## [ Koppelsensorkabel Clip (C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/torque-\nsensor-cable-clip)\n\n## [ Motorconnector Snap-fit (C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/motor-\nconnector-snap-fit-c2-c3)\n\n## [ Motorkabelklem (C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/motor-cable-\nclamp-c2-c3)\n\n## [ Topbrug Rubberstrip (C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/top-bridge-\nrubber-bar-c2-c3)\n\n## [ Powerpack Schroefplug (C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/lock-tongue-\nplug-c2-c3)\n\n## [ Spatbord Bevestigingsplug (C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/mudguard-\nplug)\n\n## [ Spatbord Vooraan Afstandhouder - Edition I (C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-\nbe/products/mudguard-spacer-front-ideal)\n\n## [ Spatbord Vooraan Afstandhouder - Edition M (C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-\nbe/products/mudguard-spacer-front-ming)\n\n## [ Spatbord Achteraan Afstandshouder Onderaan (C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-\nbe/products/mudguard-spacer-rear-bottom)\n\n## [ Spatbord Vooraan (C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 62 ](/nl-be/products/front-\nmudguard-c2-c3)\n\n## [ Spatbord Achteraan (C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 95 ](/nl-be/products/rear-\nmudguard-c2-c3)\n\n## [ Bel (C1, C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 10 ](/nl-be/products/bell-c1-c2-c3)\n\n## [ Top Bearing (Cross, Cross ST, Cruiser, Cruiser ST, Classic) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 10\n](/nl-be/products/top-bearing-cross)\n\n## [ Achterlicht Bevestigingsband (C1, C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-\nbe/products/rear-light-strap)\n\n## [ Zadelpen met Vering (Cross, Cross ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 59 ](/nl-be/products/cross-\nsuspension-seat-post)\n\n## [ Zadelklem (Cross, Cross ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/seat-clamp-cross)\n\n## [ Pedalen (Cross, Cross ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 29 ](/nl-be/products/pedal-set-cross)\n\n## [ Voorwielas (Cross, Cross ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 19 Delivered in 60 days ](/nl-\nbe/products/through-axle-cross)\n\n## [ Binnenband (Cross, Cross ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 8 ](/nl-be/products/inner-tube-\ncross)\n\n## [ Band (Cross, Cross ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 45 ](/nl-be/products/tire-cross)\n\n## [ Wiel Vooraan (Cross, Cross ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 149 ](/nl-be/products/full-front-\nwheel-cross)\n\n## [ Wiel Achteraan (Cross, Cross ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 372 ](/nl-be/products/full-rear-\nwheel-cross)\n\n## [ Riem (Cross, Cross ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 90 ](/nl-be/products/belt-cross)\n\n## [ Remklauw Vooraan (Cross, Cross ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 44 ](/nl-be/products/front-\nbrake-caliper-cross)\n\n## [ Remklauw Vooraan (Cross ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 44 Delivered in 60 days ](/nl-\nbe/products/front-brake-caliper-cross-st)\n\n## [ Remklauw Achteraan (Cross, Cross ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 44 Delivered in 60 days\n](/nl-be/products/rear-caliper-cross)\n\n## [ Batterij (Cross, Cross ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 579 Delivered in 60 days ](/nl-\nbe/products/battery-cross)\n\n## [ Licht Achteraan (Cross ST, Cross) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 17 ](/nl-be/products/rear-\nlight-assembly-cross)\n\n## [ Spatbord Achterlicht Afdekking (Cross, Cross ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-\nbe/products/rear-light-mudguard-cover)\n\n## [ Cockpit Voorspanningsschroef (Cross, Cross ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-\nbe/products/screw-cockpit-preload-cross)\n\n## [ Achterlicht Schroef (Cross, Cross ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-\nbe/products/screw-m3x8)\n\n## [ Wiel Achteraan Moer (Cross, Cross ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 Delivered in 60 days\n](/nl-be/products/rear-wheel-nut-cross)\n\n## [ Motorkabel Afdekking (Cross, Cross ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/motor-\ncable-cover-cross)\n\n## [ Topbrug Rubberstrip (Cross, Cross ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/top-\nbridge-rubber-bar-cross)\n\n## [ Powerpack Schroefplug (Cross, Cross ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/lock-\ntongue-plug-cross)\n\n## [ Spatbord Vooraan (Cross, Cross ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 94 ](/nl-be/products/front-\nmudguard-cross)\n\n## [ Spatbord Achteraan (Cross, Cross ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 95 ](/nl-be/products/rear-\nmudguard-cross)\n\n## [ Bagagedrager - Lava (Cross, Cross ST) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 99 Delivered in 60 days\n](/nl-be/products/rear-rack-cross-lava)\n\n## [ Remfittingen Olive (C1, C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/brake-\nfitting-olive-c1-c2-c3)\n\n## [ Zadelpen Bout (C1, C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/seat-post-\nbolts-c1-c2-c3)\n\n## [ Crankbout (C1, C2, C3) \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3 ](/nl-be/products/spindle-bolt-c1-c2-c3)\n\n## Ontdek\n\n * [ Classic ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic)\n * [ Cruiser ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser)\n * [ Cruiser ST ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st)\n * [ Cross ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross)\n * [ Cross ST ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st)\n * [ Circular ](/nl-be/collections/circular)\n * [ Accessoires & onderdelen ](/nl-be/collections/accessories)\n * [ Boek een testrit ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride)\n\n## Services\n\n * [ Care ](/nl-be/products/cowboy-care)\n * [ Diefstalverzekering ](/nl-be/products/theft-insurance)\n * [ Betalingsmethoden ](/nl-be/pages/payment-methods)\n * [ Leasing ](/nl-be/pages/lease-a-cowboy)\n * [ Garantie ](/nl-be/products/warranty)\n * [ Business ](/nl-be/pages/business)\n * [ Studenten ](/nl-be/pages/student-program)\n\n## Over ons\n\n * [ Reviews ](/nl-be/blogs/reviews)\n * [ Pers ](/nl-be/blogs/press)\n * [ Blog ](/nl-be/blogs/stories)\n * [ Winkels ](/nl-be/pages/stores)\n * [ Vacatures ](/nl-be/pages/careers)\n * [ Affiliate-programma ](/nl-be/pages/affiliate)\n\n## Help\n\n * [ Contact ](/nl-be/pages/contact-us)\n * [ FAQ ](https://help.cowboy.com)\n * [ Levering ](/nl-be/pages/delivery)\n * [ Retourneren ](/nl-be/pages/returns)\n\n## Geen nieuwsbrief zoals alle anderen\n\n * [ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/CowboyHQ/)\n * [ YouTube ](https://www.youtube.com/c/COWBOYBikes/featured)\n\n[ ](/nl-be/)\n\n[ B Corp ](/nl-be/pages/b-corp)\n\n* * *\n\n * [ Terms of use ](/nl-be/pages/terms-of-use)\n * [ Data protection policy ](/nl-be/pages/privacy-policy)\n * \u00c2\u00a9 2025 Cowboy \n\n",
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n[ **Service?** Nu bij 200+ winkels \nof gewoon bij jou thuis. _Meer info_ ](/nl-be/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ Welke Cowboy is geschikt voor jou? \nDoe de quiz ](/nl-be/pages/which-cowboy-is-right-for-you)\n\n## Je winkelwagentje\n\nNiks te zien hier, maar [ een testride is dichtbij ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride/)\n.\n\n[ Fiets toevoegen ](/cart) [ Shop accessoires ](/collections/accessories)\n\n## Je winkelwagentje\n\nNiks te zien hier, maar [ een testride is dichtbij ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride/)\n.\n\n[ Fiets toevoegen ](/cart) [ Shop accessoires ](/collections/accessories)\n\n# Cowboy Circular Dit rondje is voor jou\n\nGive those wheels a second spin\n\nMet Cowboy Circular knappen we gebruikte fietsen op en maken we ze weer\nrijklaar. Laat de wereld doordraaien met een zo goed als nieuwe fiets.\n\nLevering in 10 dagen voor elk model\n\n## Cruiser\n\nCruiser\u00c2 Zwart \nPerformance\n\n\u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 2.748 ~~\u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3.298~~\n\n * AdaptivePower \n * Carbonriem \n * Voorgemonteerde standaard en bagagedrager \n * Snelle batterijlader \n\n**Staat :** Goed\n\nNog 1\n\nZie je je favoriet niet?? \nAbonneer je om op de hoogte te blijven\n\nWees als eerste op de hoogte:\n\n * Laatste productnieuws \n * Exclusieve aanbiedingen \n * Circular releases \n\n[ Ontdek Cruiser ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser) [ Boek een testrit\n](/nl-be/pages/test-ride?model=cruiser#type)\n\n## Cruiser\u00c2 ST\n\nCruiser\u00c2 ST\u00c2 Zand \nPerformance\n\n\u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 2.748 ~~\u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 3.298~~\n\n * AdaptivePower \n * Carbonriem \n * Voorgemonteerde standaard en bagagedrager \n * Snelle batterijlader \n * Uitgebreid bereik batterij \n\n**Staat :** Goed\n\nNog 1\n\nCruiser\u00c2 ST\u00c2 Zwart \nCore\n\n\u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 2.649 ~~\u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 2.999~~\n\n * IntuitivePower \n * Carbonriem \n * Voorgemonteerde standaard en bagagedrager \n * Standaard batterijlader \n\n**Staat :** Uitstekend\n\nNog 1\n\nZie je je favoriet niet?? \nAbonneer je om op de hoogte te blijven\n\nWees als eerste op de hoogte:\n\n * Laatste productnieuws \n * Exclusieve aanbiedingen \n * Circular releases \n\n[ Ontdek Cruiser\u00c2 ST ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st) [ Boek een\ntestrit ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride?model=cruiser-st#type)\n\n## Classic\n\nClassic\u00c2 Zand \nPerformance\n\n\u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 2.598 ~~\u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00c2 2.998~~\n\n * AdaptivePower \n * Carbonriem \n * Voorgemonteerde standaard en bagagedrager \n * Standaard batterijlader \n\n**Staat :** Uitstekend\n\nNog 1\n\nZie je je favoriet niet?? \nAbonneer je om op de hoogte te blijven\n\nWees als eerste op de hoogte:\n\n * Laatste productnieuws \n * Exclusieve aanbiedingen \n * Circular releases \n\n[ Ontdek Classic ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic) [ Boek een testrit\n](/nl-be/pages/test-ride?model=classic#type)\n\n## Cowboy\u00c2 3\n\nZie je je favoriet niet?? \nAbonneer je om op de hoogte te blijven\n\nWees als eerste op de hoogte:\n\n * Laatste productnieuws \n * Exclusieve aanbiedingen \n * Circular releases \n\nGeef onze fietsen een tweede leven Van wieg tot weg Maak de cirkel rond\nMeer dan een fiets, Circular als leefstijl Opgeknapt weer de weg op. Keer op\nkeer De e-bike die blijft geven Hoe Circular kan je zijn Geef onze fietsen\neen tweede leven Van wieg tot weg Maak de cirkel rond Meer dan een fiets,\nCircular als leefstijl Opgeknapt weer de weg op. Keer op keer De e-bike die\nblijft geven Hoe Circular kan je zijn\n\n### Gecertificeerd refurbished\n\nElke fiets wordt opgeknapt en schoongemaakt door onze deskundige technici en\nrijklaar gemaakt voor de weg.\n\n### Kwaliteit gegarandeerd\n\nAfhankelijk van het aantal kilometers dat de fiets al heeft afgelegd,\nbeoordelen wij de staat ervan op onze kwaliteitsnormen, weer op weg.\n\n### Een jaar garantie\n\nAlle Circular fietsen hebben 1 jaar garantie. Als je niet helemaal tevreden\nbent, kan je de fiets binnen 30 dagen retour sturen.\n\n### Volledig pakket\n\nAlle diensten en accessoires kunnen op elk moment worden toegevoegd aan de\nfiets. Zo ervaart elke rider het Cowboygevoel.\n\n### B Corp gecertificeerd Go Circular voor een betere wereld\n\nCowboy is nu een gecertificeerd B Corp bedrijf. \nWe willen een positieve impact hebben op riders en community's in steden over\nde hele wereld. En daar speelt ons Circular programma een grote rol in. Jij\nkan met onze refurbished fietsen weer geconnecteerd de weg op en wij geven\nonze duurzaamheidsinspanningen een boost en stuwen de mobiliteitssector\nvooruit.\n\n[ Ontdek onze impact ](/nl-be/pages/b-corp)\n\nGa gerust rechtdoor, maar rij circulair Laat jouw impact op de weg Cowboy\nzijn Een deal te mooi om waar te zijn en toch zo mooi en waar Een kleine\nmoeite voor een groot avontuur Een Circular fiets gaat altijd door. En door.\nGegarandeerd Come in, refurbish, ride on Deze wielen verdienen een tweede\nronde Waar de fiets is geweest maakt niet uit, enkel waarheen hij gaat Hoera\nvoor Circular Ga gerust rechtdoor, maar rij circulair Laat jouw impact op de\nweg Cowboy zijn Een deal te mooi om waar te zijn en toch zo mooi en waar Een\nkleine moeite voor een groot avontuur Een Circular fiets gaat altijd door. En\ndoor. Gegarandeerd Come in, refurbish, ride on Deze wielen verdienen een\ntweede ronde Waar de fiets is geweest maakt niet uit, enkel waarheen hij gaat\nHoera voor Circular\n\n## FAQ\n\n## Ontdek\n\n * [ Classic ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic)\n * [ Cruiser ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser)\n * [ Cruiser ST ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st)\n * [ Cross ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross)\n * [ Cross ST ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st)\n * [ Circular ](/nl-be/collections/circular)\n * [ Accessoires & onderdelen ](/nl-be/collections/accessories)\n * [ Boek een testrit ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride)\n\n## Services\n\n * [ Care ](/nl-be/products/cowboy-care)\n * [ Diefstalverzekering ](/nl-be/products/theft-insurance)\n * [ Betalingsmethoden ](/nl-be/pages/payment-methods)\n * [ Leasing ](/nl-be/pages/lease-a-cowboy)\n * [ Garantie ](/nl-be/products/warranty)\n * [ Business ](/nl-be/pages/business)\n * [ Studenten ](/nl-be/pages/student-program)\n\n## Over ons\n\n * [ Reviews ](/nl-be/blogs/reviews)\n * [ Pers ](/nl-be/blogs/press)\n * [ Blog ](/nl-be/blogs/stories)\n * [ Winkels ](/nl-be/pages/stores)\n * [ Vacatures ](/nl-be/pages/careers)\n * [ Affiliate-programma ](/nl-be/pages/affiliate)\n\n## Help\n\n * [ Contact ](/nl-be/pages/contact-us)\n * [ FAQ ](https://help.cowboy.com)\n * [ Levering ](/nl-be/pages/delivery)\n * [ Retourneren ](/nl-be/pages/returns)\n\n## Geen nieuwsbrief zoals alle anderen\n\n * [ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/CowboyHQ/)\n * [ YouTube ](https://www.youtube.com/c/COWBOYBikes/featured)\n\n[ ](/nl-be/)\n\n[ B Corp ](/nl-be/pages/b-corp)\n\n* * *\n\n * [ Terms of use ](/nl-be/pages/terms-of-use)\n * [ Data protection policy ](/nl-be/pages/privacy-policy)\n * \u00c2\u00a9 2025 Cowboy \n\n",
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n[ **Service\u00c2 ?** D\u00c3\u00a9sormais dans plus de 200 magasins \nou chez vous. _En savoir plus_ ](/fr-be/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ Quel Cowboy vous convient le mieux\u00c2 ? \nCommencez le quiz ](/fr-be/pages/which-cowboy-is-right-for-you)\n\n## Votre panier\n\nIl n'y a rien par ici, mais [ il y a des test rides par-l\u00c3 ](/fr-\nbe/pages/test-ride/) .\n\n[ Ajouter un v\u00c3\u00a9lo ](/cart) [ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez les accessoires\n](/collections/accessories)\n\n## Votre panier\n\nIl n'y a rien par ici, mais [ il y a des test rides par-l\u00c3 ](/fr-\nbe/pages/test-ride/) .\n\n[ Ajouter un v\u00c3\u00a9lo ](/cart) [ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez les accessoires\n](/collections/accessories)\n\n# Accessoires & pi\u00c3\u00a8ces\n\nAppliquer les filtres\n\n## [ Coque de t\u00c3\u00a9l\u00c3\u00a9phone Quad Lock 30\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/phone-case)\n\n## [ Adaptateur universel Quad Lock 20\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/phone-case-\nuniversal-adapter)\n\n## [ Support de t\u00c3\u00a9l\u00c3\u00a9phone Quad Lock (C1, C2, C3) 30\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-\nbe/products/phone-mount)\n\n## [ Antivol en U Kryptonite 89\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/lock)\n\n## [ B\u00c3\u00a9quille (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) 29\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-\nbe/products/kickstand)\n\n## [ Porte-bagages arri\u00c3\u00a8re (Classic, Cruiser ST, Cruiser) 99\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-\nbe/products/rear-rack)\n\n## [ Si\u00c3\u00a8ge enfant Hamax Caress 185\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/child-seat)\n\n## [ Sacoche Brooks Scape Large Pannier 125\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Temporairement en rupture\nde stock ](/fr-be/products/brooks-pannier)\n\n## [ Casque Closca 119\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Temporairement en rupture de stock ](/fr-\nbe/products/closca-helmet)\n\n## [ Casque POC Omne Air MIPS 160\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/poc-helmet)\n\n## [ Adaptateur de remorque (Classic, Cruiser ST, Cruiser) 20\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\nTemporairement en rupture de stock ](/fr-be/products/trailer-adaptor)\n\n## [ Adaptateur de remorque (Cross, Cross ST) 25\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Temporairement en\nrupture de stock ](/fr-be/products/trailer-adaptor-cross)\n\n## [ Sonnette Crane 35\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/crane-bell)\n\n## [ Sonnette (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST, Cross, Cross ST) 10\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\n](/fr-be/products/bell-c4)\n\n## [ R\u00c3\u00a9flecteur rayon (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST, Cross, Cross ST) 3\u00c2\n\u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/spoke-reflector-c4)\n\n## [ R\u00c3\u00a9flecteur rayon (C1, C2, C3, Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST, Cross,\nCross ST) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/spoke-reflector)\n\n## [ R\u00c3\u00a9flecteur arri\u00c3\u00a8re (C1, C2, C3, Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST, Cross,\nCross ST) 5\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/rear-reflector)\n\n## [ Plaquettes de frein 19\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Livr\u00c3\u00a9 en 60 jours ](/fr-\nbe/products/brake-pads)\n\n## [ Chambre \u00c3 air (C1, C2, C3, Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) 8\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-\nbe/products/inner-tube)\n\n## [ Pneu (C1, C2, C3) 40\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Livr\u00c3\u00a9 en 60 jours ](/fr-\nbe/products/tire-c3)\n\n## [ Pneu (Classic, Cruiser ST, Cruiser) 40\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/tire-c4)\n\n## [ Pompe \u00c3\u00a9lectrique HOTO 72\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/hoto-electric-tire-\ninflator)\n\n## [ Pompe SKS Rennkompressor 65\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/pump)\n\n## [ Kit de nettoyage Muc-Off 64\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Temporairement en rupture de stock\n](/fr-be/products/cleaning-kit)\n\n## [ Kit de retouche 19\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/touch-up-kit)\n\n## [ Casquette Cowboy 20\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Livr\u00c3\u00a9 en 60 jours ](/fr-be/products/cowboy-\ncap)\n\n## [ Rains Cap 45\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/rains-cap)\n\n## [ Cowboy T-Shirt 30\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/t-shirt)\n\n## [ T-Shirt with Chest Pocket 30\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/t-shirt-with-chest-\npocket)\n\n## [ T-shirt Cowboy x Coco Capit\u00c3\u00a1n 45\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/coco-capitan-\nt-shirt)\n\n## [ Rapha Commuter Jacket 115\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Temporairement en rupture de stock\n](/fr-be/products/rapha-commuter-lightweight-jacket-men)\n\n## [ Rapha Commuter Jacket 115\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/rapha-commuter-\nlightweight-jacket-women)\n\n## [ Rains Long Jacket 95\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/rains-long-jacket)\n\n## [ Rains Fishtail Parka Long 120\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/fishtail-parka)\n\n## [ Rains Parka Fishtail 120\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/rains-fishtail-parka)\n\n## [ Sac \u00c3 dos Sandqvist Creek Hike 169\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/sandqvist-\ncreek-hike)\n\n## [ Rains Rolltop Rucksack 110\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Livr\u00c3\u00a9 en 60 jours ](/fr-\nbe/products/rains-rolltop-rucksack)\n\n## [ Rains Pants Regular 75\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Livr\u00c3\u00a9 en 60 jours ](/fr-\nbe/products/rains-pants-regular)\n\n## [ Gants Rains 42\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Temporairement en rupture de stock ](/fr-\nbe/products/rains-gloves)\n\n## [ Bouteille Closca 'Wave' 45\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Temporairement en rupture de stock\n](/fr-be/products/closca-wave-bottle)\n\n## [ Sac Banane Sandqvist Lo 79\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Temporairement en rupture de stock\n](/fr-be/products/sandqvist-lo-bumbag)\n\n## [ Levier de frein gauche - Tektro (Classic, Cruiser ST, Cruiser, Cross,\nCross ST) 44\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/left-brake-lever-tektro)\n\n## [ Levier de frein gauche - Sunrace (Classic, Cruiser ST, Cruiser) 44\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\n](/fr-be/products/left-brake-lever-sunrace)\n\n## [ Levier de frein droit - Tektro (Classic, Cruiser ST, Cruiser, Cross,\nCross ST) 44\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/right-brake-lever-c4-tektro)\n\n## [ Levier de frein droit - Sunrace (Classic, Cruiser ST, Cruiser) 44\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\n](/fr-be/products/right-brake-lever-c4-sunrace)\n\n## [ Disque de frein - 160mm (C2, C3, Classic, Cruiser ST, Cruiser, Cross,\nCross ST) 24\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/brake-disc-160mm)\n\n## [ Disque de frein arri\u00c3\u00a8re - 165mm - Edition I (C2, C3) 24\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-\nbe/products/brake-disc-165mm)\n\n## [ \u00c3\u0089trier avant - Tektro (Classic) 44\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Livr\u00c3\u00a9 en 60 jours ](/fr-\nbe/products/front-brake-caliper-classic-tektro)\n\n## [ \u00c3\u0089trier avant - Sunrace (Classic) 44\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/front-\nbrake-caliper-classic-sunrace)\n\n## [ \u00c3\u0089trier avant - Sunrace (Cruiser ST, Cruiser) 44\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-\nbe/products/front-brake-caliper-cruiser-sunrace)\n\n## [ \u00c3\u0089trier avant - Tektro (Cruiser ST) 44\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Livr\u00c3\u00a9 en 60 jours ](/fr-\nbe/products/front-brake-caliper-cruiser-st)\n\n## [ \u00c3\u0089trier avant - Tektro (Cruiser) 44\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/front-\nbrake-caliper-cruiser-tektro)\n\n## [ \u00c3\u0089trier avant (C2, C3) 44\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/front-brake-\ncaliper-c2-c3)\n\n## [ \u00c3\u0089trier avant (C1) 44\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/front-brake-caliper-c1)\n\n## [ \u00c3\u0089trier arri\u00c3\u00a8re - Tektro (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) 44\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\n](/fr-be/products/rear-brake-caliper-tektro)\n\n## [ \u00c3\u0089trier arri\u00c3\u00a8re - Sunrace (Classic, Cruiser ST) 44\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-\nbe/products/rear-brake-caliper-classic-sunrace)\n\n## [ \u00c3\u0089trier arri\u00c3\u00a8re - Sunrace (Cruiser) 44\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/rear-\nbrake-caliper-cruiser-sunrace)\n\n## [ \u00c3\u0089trier arri\u00c3\u00a8re (C1) 44\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/rear-brake-caliper-c1)\n\n## [ \u00c3\u0089trier arri\u00c3\u00a8re (C2, C3) 44\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/rear-brake-\ncaliper-c2-c3)\n\n## [ Raccords frein - Tektro (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST, Cross, Cross ST)\n3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/brake-fittings-tektro)\n\n## [ Olive raccord de frein - Tektro (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST, Cross,\nCross ST) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Livr\u00c3\u00a9 en 60 jours ](/fr-be/products/brake-fitting-olive-\ntektro)\n\n## [ Olive raccord de frein - Sunrace (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\n](/fr-be/products/brake-fitting-olive-sunrace)\n\n## [ Insert raccord de frein - Sunrace (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\n](/fr-be/products/brake-fittings-insert-sunrace)\n\n## [ Roue arri\u00c3\u00a8re compl\u00c3\u00a8te (C2) 556\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Livr\u00c3\u00a9 en 60 jours ](/fr-\nbe/products/full-rear-wheel-c2)\n\n## [ Roue arri\u00c3\u00a8re compl\u00c3\u00a8te (Classic, Cruiser ST) 372\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Livr\u00c3\u00a9 en 60\njours ](/fr-be/products/full-rear-wheel-c4-classic)\n\n## [ Roue arri\u00c3\u00a8re compl\u00c3\u00a8te (Cruiser) 372\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Livr\u00c3\u00a9 en 60 jours ](/fr-\nbe/products/full-rear-wheel-c4-cruiser)\n\n## [ Roue arri\u00c3\u00a8re compl\u00c3\u00a8te (C3) 605\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Livr\u00c3\u00a9 en 60 jours ](/fr-\nbe/products/full-rear-wheel-c3)\n\n## [ Roue arri\u00c3\u00a8re - Core (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) 372\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Livr\u00c3\u00a9 en\n60 jours ](/fr-be/products/full-rear-wheel-c4-core)\n\n## [ Roue avant (C2, C3) 149\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/full-front-wheel-c3)\n\n## [ Roue avant (Classic, Cruiser ST, Cruiser) 149\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Livr\u00c3\u00a9 en 60 jours\n](/fr-be/products/full-front-wheel-c4)\n\n## [ Garde-boue avant (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) 32\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-\nbe/products/front-mudguard-c4)\n\n## [ Garde-boue arri\u00c3\u00a8re (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) 55\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-\nbe/products/rear-mudguard-c4)\n\n## [ Poke yoke axe moteur (Classic, Cruiser ST, Cruiser, Cross, Cross ST) 5\u00c2\n\u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/poka-yoke-motor-axle-c4)\n\n## [ Poke yoke axe moteur (C1, C2, C3) 5\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/poka-yoke-\nmotor-axle-c1-c2-c3)\n\n## [ Axe roue avant (Classic, Cruiser ST, Cruiser) 19\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Livr\u00c3\u00a9 en 60\njours ](/fr-be/products/through-axle-c4)\n\n## [ Axe roue avant (C1, C2, C3) 19\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Livr\u00c3\u00a9 en 60 jours ](/fr-\nbe/products/through-axle-c3)\n\n## [ Rim (C2) 35\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/rim)\n\n## [ Rim (Classic, Cruiser ST, Cruiser) 35\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Livr\u00c3\u00a9 en 60 jours ](/fr-\nbe/products/rim-3)\n\n## [ Rim (C3) 35\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/rim-c3)\n\n## [ Rayon avant gauche (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-\nbe/products/front-left-spoke-2)\n\n## [ Rayon avant droit (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-\nbe/products/front-right-spoke-c4)\n\n## [ Rayon arri\u00c3\u00a8re gauche (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Livr\u00c3\u00a9 en\n60 jours ](/fr-be/products/rear-left-spoke-c4)\n\n## [ Rayon arri\u00c3\u00a8re droit (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-\nbe/products/rear-right-spoke-c4)\n\n## [ Batterie (C1, C2, C3, Classic, Cruiser ST, Cruiser) 539\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Livr\u00c3\u00a9 en\n60 jours ](/fr-be/products/battery-c1-c2-c3-c4)\n\n## [ Chargeur de batterie - Standard (C1, C2, C3, Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser\nST) 159\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/standard-battery-charger)\n\n## [ Chargeur de batterie - Performance (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST, Cross,\nCross ST) 199\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Livr\u00c3\u00a9 en 60 jours ](/fr-be/products/performance-\nbattery-charger)\n\n## [ Courroie (C1, C2) 39\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Livr\u00c3\u00a9 en 60 jours ](/fr-\nbe/products/belt-c1-c2)\n\n## [ Courroie (C3, Classic, Cruiser ST, Cruiser) 89\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Livr\u00c3\u00a9 en 60 jours\n](/fr-be/products/belt-c3-c4)\n\n## [ P\u00c3\u00a9dales (Classic, Cruiser ST, Cruiser) 29\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-\nbe/products/pedal-set-c4)\n\n## [ P\u00c3\u00a9dales (C2, C3) 29\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/pedal-set-c2-c3)\n\n## [ Manivelle gauche (C1, C2, C3) 21\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/crank-arm-\nleft-c1-c2-c3)\n\n## [ Manivelle gauche (Classic, Cruiser ST, Cruiser, Cross ST, Cross) 21\u00c2\n\u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/crank-arm-left-c4)\n\n## [ Manivelle droite (Classic, Cruiser ST, Cruiser, Cross ST, Cross) 21\u00c2\n\u00e2\u0082\u00ac Livr\u00c3\u00a9 en 60 jours ](/fr-be/products/crank-arm-right-c4)\n\n## [ Manivelle droite (C1) 21\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Livr\u00c3\u00a9 en 60 jours ](/fr-\nbe/products/crank-arm-right-c1)\n\n## [ Manivelle droite (C2, C3) 21\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/crank-arm-\nright-c2-c3)\n\n## [ Plateau avant (Cross ST, Cross, Cruiser, Classic) 110\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-\nbe/products/front-sprocket-c4)\n\n## [ Cache p\u00c3\u00a9dalier (Cruiser ST) 15\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/belt-guard-\nwith-screws)\n\n## [ Cache p\u00c3\u00a9dalier (Classic, Cruiser) 15\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/belt-\nguard-with-screws-st)\n\n## [ Plateau avant (Cruiser ST) 110\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/front-\nsprocket-c4-st)\n\n## [ Pignon arri\u00c3\u00a8re (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) 104\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-\nbe/products/sprocket-rear)\n\n## [ Pignon arri\u00c3\u00a8re (Cruiser) 101\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/sprocket-rear-us)\n\n## [ Support plateau (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) 32\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-\nbe/products/spider-c4)\n\n## [ Pignon arri\u00c3\u00a8re - Core (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) 10\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-\nbe/products/cog-rear-17t)\n\n## [ Cha\u00c3\u00aene (Classic, Cruiser) 28\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/chain)\n\n## [ Cha\u00c3\u00aene (Cruiser ST) 28\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/chain-st)\n\n## [ Anneau verrouillage support plateau (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) 10\u00c2\n\u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/spider-lock-ring)\n\n## [ Anneau verrouillage pignon arri\u00c3\u00a8re (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST,\nCross, Cross ST) 10\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/rear-sprocket-lock-ring-c4-cross)\n\n## [ Ensemble bo\u00c3\u00aetier de p\u00c3\u00a9dalier (Cruiser, Classic, Cruiser ST) 44\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\nLivr\u00c3\u00a9 en 60 jours ](/fr-be/products/bb-housing-set)\n\n## [ Selle confort (Classic, Cruiser ST, Cruiser, Cross ST, Cross) 60\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\n](/fr-be/products/saddle-comfort)\n\n## [ Selle sport (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST, Cross, Cross ST) 60\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\n](/fr-be/products/saddle-sport)\n\n## [ Tige de selle (C1, C2, C3, Classic, Cruiser ST, Cruiser) 25\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\n](/fr-be/products/seat-post-1)\n\n## [ Collier de selle - Edition U (C2, C3, Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) 10\u00c2\n\u00e2\u0082\u00ac Livr\u00c3\u00a9 en 60 jours ](/fr-be/products/seat-clamp-c2-c3-c4)\n\n## [ fond de bo\u00c3\u00aetier circuit imprim\u00c3\u00a9 (C2, C3) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-\nbe/products/bottom-cap-comm-module-assembly-c2)\n\n## [ Poign\u00c3\u00a9es confort (Classic, Cruiser ST, Cruiser, Cross ST, Cross) 25\u00c2\n\u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/grips-c4-st)\n\n## [ Poign\u00c3\u00a9es sport (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST, Cross, Cross ST) 25\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\n](/fr-be/products/grips-c4)\n\n## [ Poign\u00c3\u00a9es sport (C1, C2, C3) 25\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/grips-c3)\n\n## [ Support de t\u00c3\u00a9l\u00c3\u00a9phone Quad Lock (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST, Cross,\nCross ST) 5\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/quad-lock-phone-mount-set)\n\n## [ R\u00c3\u00a9flecteur avant (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST, Cross, Cross ST) 3\u00c2\n\u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/front-reflector)\n\n## [ Support de r\u00c3\u00a9flecteur avant (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST, Cross, Cross\nST) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/front-reflector-bracket)\n\n## [ Jeu de direction (Classic, Cruiser ST, Cruiser, Cross, Cross ST) 20\u00c2\n\u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/headset-c4-cross)\n\n## [ Cache bo\u00c3\u00aetier cockpit (Classic, Cruiser ST, Cross ST, Cross) 5\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\n](/fr-be/products/cockpit-bottom-cover)\n\n## [ Cache bo\u00c3\u00aetier cockpit (Cruiser) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Livr\u00c3\u00a9 en 60 jours ](/fr-\nbe/products/cockpit-bottom-cover-cruiser)\n\n## [ Plaque connection porte-bagages - Argile - Edition M (Classic, Cruiser,\nCruiser ST) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/bridge-plate-clay-ming)\n\n## [ Plaque connection porte-bagages - Figue - Edition M (Classic, Cruiser,\nCruiser ST) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/bridge-plate-fig-ming)\n\n## [ Plaque connection porte-bagages - Sauge - Edition M (Classic, Cruiser,\nCruiser ST) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/bridge-plate-sage-ming)\n\n## [ Plaque connection porte-bagages - Sable - Edition M (Classic, Cruiser,\nCruiser ST) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/bridge-plate-sand-ming)\n\n## [ Plaque connection porte-bagages - Lavende - Edition M (Classic, Cruiser,\nCruiser ST) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/bridge-plate-lavender-ming)\n\n## [ Plaque connection porte-bagages - Kaki - Edition M (Classic, Cruiser,\nCruiser ST) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/bridge-plate-khaki-ming)\n\n## [ Plaque connection porte-bagages - Noir - Edition M (Classic, Cruiser,\nCruiser ST) 5\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Livr\u00c3\u00a9 en 60 jours ](/fr-be/products/bridge-plate-black-\nming)\n\n## [ Lampe avant (Cross ST, Cross, Cruiser, Cruiser ST, Classic) 19\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\n](/fr-be/products/front-light-c4)\n\n## [ Phare avant Knog Plug 30\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Temporairement en rupture de stock\n](/fr-be/products/knog-front-light)\n\n## [ \u00c3\u0089crou de fixation - Tektro (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST, Cross, Cross\nST) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/fitting-nut-tektro)\n\n## [ Protection \u00c3\u00a9crou de fixation - Tektro (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST,\nCross, Cross ST) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/fitting-nut-plastic-cover-tektro)\n\n## [ \u00c3\u0089crou de fixation - Sunrace (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\n](/fr-be/products/fitting-nut-sunrace)\n\n## [ Protection \u00c3\u00a9crou de fixation - Sunrace (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST)\n3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/fitting-nut-plastic-cover-sunrace)\n\n## [ Vis disque de frein (Cross, Cross ST, Cruiser, Cruiser ST, Classic) 3\u00c2\n\u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/screw-brake-disc-c4)\n\n## [ Vis disque de frein (C2, C3, Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\n](/fr-be/products/screw-brake-disc-c2-c3-c4)\n\n## [ Joint torique purge de frein (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\n](/fr-be/products/o-ring)\n\n## [ Vis \u00c3\u00a9trier avant - Tektro (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\n](/fr-be/products/screw-caliper-front-tektro)\n\n## [ Vis \u00c3\u00a9trier avant - Sunrace (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\n](/fr-be/products/screw-caliper-front-sunrace)\n\n## [ Vis \u00c3\u00a9trier arri\u00c3\u00a8re - Tektro (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\n](/fr-be/products/screw-caliper-rear-tektro)\n\n## [ Vis \u00c3\u00a9trier arri\u00c3\u00a8re - Sunrace (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\n](/fr-be/products/screw-caliper-rear-sunrace)\n\n## [ Vis plaquettes de frein (C1, C2, C3, Classic, Cruiser ST, Cruiser) 3\u00c2\n\u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/brake-pad-retainer-screw)\n\n## [ \u00c3\u0089crou roue arri\u00c3\u00a8re (Classic, Cruiser ST, Cruiser) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-\nbe/products/rear-wheel-nut-c4)\n\n## [ \u00c3\u0089crou roue arri\u00c3\u00a8re (C1, C2, C3) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/rear-wheel-\nnut-c1-c2-c3)\n\n## [ Vis int\u00c3\u00a9rieure garde-boue (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST, Cross ST,\nCross) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/screw-mudguard)\n\n## [ Vis lat\u00c3\u00a9rale garde-boue avant (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\n](/fr-be/products/screw-mudguard-front)\n\n## [ Rondelle garde-boue avant (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-\nbe/products/washer-front-mudguard)\n\n## [ Vis porte-bagages garde-boue (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\n](/fr-be/products/screw-mudguard-back-carrier)\n\n## [ Rondelle adaptateur de remorque (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\n](/fr-be/products/washer-m10-trailor-adaptator)\n\n## [ Boulon plateau avant (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-\nbe/products/bolt-front-sprocket)\n\n## [ Boulon manivelle (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST, Cross, Cross ST) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\n](/fr-be/products/spindle-bolt-c4)\n\n## [ \u00c3\u0089crou plateau avant (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-\nbe/products/nut-front-sprocket)\n\n## [ Vis cache p\u00c3\u00a9dalier (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) 0\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-\nbe/products/screw-belt-guard)\n\n## [ Vis coupelle droite bo\u00c3\u00aetier de p\u00c3\u00a9dalier (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST)\n3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/screw-bb-cup-right)\n\n## [ Vis collier de selle (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST, Cross, Cross ST) 3\u00c2\n\u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/screw-seat-clamp-1)\n\n## [ Caoutchouc barre sup\u00c3\u00a9rieure (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\n](/fr-be/products/top-bridge-rubber-bar-c4)\n\n## [ Vis ouverture cadre (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-\nbe/products/frame-opening-screw-c4)\n\n## [ Vis connection porte-bagages (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\n](/fr-be/products/screw-back-carrier-bridge-plate)\n\n## [ Vis de pr\u00c3\u00a9charge cockpit (Classic) 5\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/screw-\ncockpit-preload-classic)\n\n## [ Entretoise connecteur batterie (C2, C3, Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST,\nCross, Cross ST) 5\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/battery-connector-spacer)\n\n## [ Vis plaque connection porte-bagages (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) 3\u00c2\n\u00e2\u0082\u00ac Livr\u00c3\u00a9 en 60 jours ](/fr-be/products/screw-back-carrier-bridge-plate-c4)\n\n## [ Vis de pr\u00c3\u00a9charge cockpit (Cruiser) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/screw-\ncockpit-preload-cruiser)\n\n## [ Vis de pr\u00c3\u00a9charge cockpit (Cruiser ST) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/screw-\ncockpit-preload-cruiser-st)\n\n## [ Vis de b\u00c3\u00a9quille (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-\nbe/products/screw-kick-stand)\n\n## [ Protection c\u00c3\u00a2ble moteur (Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-\nbe/products/motor-cable-cover-c4)\n\n## [ Cl\u00c3\u00a9 de tension courroie - Edition A (C2, C3, Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser\nST) 17\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/belt-spanner-tension-wrench-aikema)\n\n## [ Cl\u00c3\u00a9 de tension courroie - Edition M (C2, C3, Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser\nST) 17\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/belt-spanner-tension-wrench-ming)\n\n## [ Cl\u00c3\u00a9 allen papillon 4mm (C2, C3, Classic, Cruiser, Cruiser ST) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\n](/fr-be/products/4mm-butterfly-allen-key)\n\n## [ Fourche (C1) 78\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/fork-c1)\n\n## [ Capuchon sup\u00c3\u00a9rieur tube de selle (C1) 18\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/seat-\ntube-top-cap)\n\n## [ Protection ouverture bo\u00c3\u00aetier de p\u00c3\u00a9dalier (C1) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Livr\u00c3\u00a9 en 60\njours ](/fr-be/products/cover-bottom-bracket-opening)\n\n## [ Selle (C1) 25\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/saddle-c1)\n\n## [ Ensemble de collier int\u00c3\u00a9gr\u00c3\u00a9 de tige de selle (C1) 10\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-\nbe/products/seat-post-integrated-clamp-set)\n\n## [ Cintre (C1) 28\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/handlebar-c1)\n\n## [ Potence (C1, C3) 12\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/stem-c1-c3)\n\n## [ Bouchon de potence (C1) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Livr\u00c3\u00a9 en 60 jours ](/fr-\nbe/products/headset-cap-set)\n\n## [ Entretoise jeu de direction (C1) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Livr\u00c3\u00a9 en 60 jours ](/fr-\nbe/products/headset-spacer)\n\n## [ Jeu de direction (C1) 24\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Livr\u00c3\u00a9 en 60 jours ](/fr-\nbe/products/headset-c1)\n\n## [ Volcan jeu de direction (C1) 4\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/headset-volcano)\n\n## [ Headset Upper Bearing (C1) 7\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/headset-upper-\nbearing)\n\n## [ Entretoise sup\u00c3\u00a9rieure de jeu de direction (C1) 7\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-\nbe/products/headset-upper-spacer)\n\n## [ Headset Lower Bearing (C1) 7\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/headset-lower-\nbearing)\n\n## [ Entretoise inf\u00c3\u00a9rieure jeu de direction (C1) 7\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-\nbe/products/headset-lower-spacer)\n\n## [ Roue avant (C1) 149\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/full-front-wheel-c1)\n\n## [ Rayons (C1) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/wheel-spokes)\n\n## [ Pneu Schwalbe G-one (C1) 44\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/schwalbe-g-one-all-\nround-tire)\n\n## [ P\u00c3\u00a9dales (C1) 29\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/pedal-set-c1)\n\n## [ Capteur de couple (C1) 142\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/torque-sensor)\n\n## [ Coupelle droite bo\u00c3\u00aetier de p\u00c3\u00a9dalier (C1) 18\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-\nbe/products/drive-side-bottom-bracket-cup)\n\n## [ Coupelle gauche bo\u00c3\u00aetier de p\u00c3\u00a9dalier (C1) 18\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-\nbe/products/non-drive-side-bottom-bracket-cup)\n\n## [ Bo\u00c3\u00aetier de p\u00c3\u00a9dalier (C1) 17\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/bottom-bracket-\nbearing-c1)\n\n## [ Disque de frein (C1) 24\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/brake-disc-c1)\n\n## [ Vis disque de frein (C1) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/screw-brake-disc-c1)\n\n## [ Levier avant (C1) 44\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/left-lever-c1)\n\n## [ Levier arri\u00c3\u00a8re (C1) 44\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/right-lever-c1)\n\n## [ Patte gauche pour roue arri\u00c3\u00a8re (C1) 12\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/left-\ndropout-hanger)\n\n## [ Support de frein arri\u00c3\u00a8re (C1) 10\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Livr\u00c3\u00a9 en 60 jours ](/fr-\nbe/products/rear-brake-hanger)\n\n## [ Joint PCB (C1) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/pcb-seal)\n\n## [ Lampe avant (C1) 19\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/front-light-c1)\n\n## [ Vis de tension courroie (C1) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Livr\u00c3\u00a9 en 60 jours ](/fr-\nbe/products/belt-tension-screw)\n\n## [ Vis manivelles (C1) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/crank-arm-screw)\n\n## [ Vis hauban (C1) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Livr\u00c3\u00a9 en 60 jours ](/fr-be/products/seat-\nstay-screw)\n\n## [ Vis PCB (C1) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/pcb-screw)\n\n## [ Vis ouverture bo\u00c3\u00aetier de p\u00c3\u00a9dalier (C1) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-\nbe/products/screw-bottom-bracket-opening)\n\n## [ \u00c3\u0089crou M12 roue arri\u00c3\u00a8re (C1) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Livr\u00c3\u00a9 en 60 jours ](/fr-\nbe/products/rear-wheel-m12-nut)\n\n## [ Rondelle M12 roue arri\u00c3\u00a8re (C1) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/rear-\nwheel-m12-washer)\n\n## [ Raccords frein (C1) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Livr\u00c3\u00a9 en 60 jours ](/fr-\nbe/products/brakes-fitting-set-c1)\n\n## [ Capuchon caoutchouc tube de selle (C1) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/seat-\ntube-rubber-cap)\n\n## [ Caoutchoucs p\u00c3\u00aane batterie (C1) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/battery-\ntongue-rubber-dots)\n\n## [ Capuchons cadre (C2, C3) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/frame-plugs)\n\n## [ Protection tube de selle (C1) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/seat-tube-\nplastic-cover)\n\n## [ Kit d'ouverture du cadre (C1) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/frame-opening-\nset-c1)\n\n## [ Pignon arri\u00c3\u00a8re (C1) 33\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/rear-sprocket)\n\n## [ Plateau avant (C1) 38\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/front-sprocket-c1)\n\n## [ Ouverture service PCB (C1) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/pcb-service-\ndoor-c1)\n\n## [ Roue arri\u00c3\u00a8re compl\u00c3\u00a8te (C1) 306\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/full-rear-\nwheel-c1)\n\n## [ Fourche (C2, C3) 122\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/fork-c2-c3-black-ideal)\n\n## [ Fourche (C3) 122\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/fork-c2-c3-mineralgrey-ideal)\n\n## [ Fourche (C3) 122\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Livr\u00c3\u00a9 en 60 jours ](/fr-\nbe/products/fork-c2-c3-anthracitegrey)\n\n## [ Fourche (C3) 122\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/fork-c2-c3-black-ming)\n\n## [ Fourche (C3) 122\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/fork-c2-c3-mineralgrey-ming)\n\n## [ Support connecteur batterie (C2, C3) 39\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/seat-\ntube-connector-support-ideal)\n\n## [ Support connecteur batterie (C3) 39\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/seat-tube-\nconnector-support-ming)\n\n## [ Support c\u00c3\u00a2ble connecteur (C2, C3) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/connector-\ncable-holder-c2-c3)\n\n## [ Jeu de direction (C2, C3) 24\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Livr\u00c3\u00a9 en 60 jours ](/fr-\nbe/products/headset-c2-c3)\n\n## [ \u00c3\u0089crou en \u00c3\u00a9toile pour jeu de direction (C2, C3) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-\nbe/products/star-nut-top-cap)\n\n## [ Kit d'ouverture du cadre (C2, C3) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/frame-\nopening-set-c2-c3)\n\n## [ Selle (C2, C3) 40\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/saddle-c2-c3)\n\n## [ Cintre (C2, C3) 28\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/handlebar-c2-c3)\n\n## [ Potence (C2) 23\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/step-c2)\n\n## [ Rayon avant gauche (C1, C2) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/front-left-\nspoke-c1-c2)\n\n## [ Rayon avant gauche (C3) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/front-left-spoke-c3)\n\n## [ Rayon avant droit (C1, C2) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/front-right-\nspoke-c1-c2)\n\n## [ Rayon avant droit (C3) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/front-right-spoke-c3)\n\n## [ Pneu Panaracer Gravelking (C2) 44\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Livr\u00c3\u00a9 en 60 jours ](/fr-\nbe/products/panaracer-gravelking-tire-c2)\n\n## [ Rayon arri\u00c3\u00a8re gauche (C1, C2) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/rear-left-\nspoke-c1-c2)\n\n## [ Rayon arri\u00c3\u00a8re gauche (C3) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/rear-left-\nspoke-c3)\n\n## [ Rayon arri\u00c3\u00a8re droit (C1, C2) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/rear-right-\nspoke-c1-c2)\n\n## [ Rayon arri\u00c3\u00a8re droit (C3) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/rear-right-\nspoke-c3)\n\n## [ Coupelle droite bo\u00c3\u00aetier de p\u00c3\u00a9dalier (C1, C2, C3) 10\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-\nbe/products/bb-cup-rh)\n\n## [ Plateau avant (C2) 35\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/front-sprocket-c2)\n\n## [ Plateau avant (C3) 124\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Livr\u00c3\u00a9 en 60 jours ](/fr-\nbe/products/front-sprocket-c3)\n\n## [ Protection roulement (C2, C3) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/bearing-shield)\n\n## [ Pignon arri\u00c3\u00a8re (C2) 52\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Livr\u00c3\u00a9 en 60 jours ](/fr-\nbe/products/rear-sprocket-c2)\n\n## [ Pignon arri\u00c3\u00a8re (C3) 91\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/rear-sprocket-c3)\n\n## [ Anneau verrouillage pignon arri\u00c3\u00a8re (C2, C3) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-\nbe/products/rear-sprocket-lock-ring-c2-c3)\n\n## [ Levier avant (C2, C3) 44\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/left-lever-c2-c3)\n\n## [ Adaptateur \u00c3\u00a9trier avant (C2, C3) 13\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Livr\u00c3\u00a9 en 60 jours ](/fr-\nbe/products/adaptor-plate-front-caliper)\n\n## [ Levier arri\u00c3\u00a8re (C2, C3) 44\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/right-lever-c2-c3)\n\n## [ Protection roulement moteur (C2, C3) 10\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-\nbe/products/bearing-hub-motor-cover)\n\n## [ Protection contr\u00c3\u00b4leur (C2, C3) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/controller-\ncover)\n\n## [ Lampe avant (C2, C3) 19\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/front-light-c2-c3)\n\n## [ Vis collier de selle (C2, C3) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/screw-seat-\nclamp-c2-c3)\n\n## [ Vis \u00c3\u00a9trier arri\u00c3\u00a8re (C2, C3) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/screw-rear-\ncaliper)\n\n## [ Top Cap Seat Clamp Screw - Edition I (C2, C3) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-\nbe/products/saddle-clamp-screw-c2-c3-ideal)\n\n## [ Top Cap Seat Clamp Screw - Edition M (C3) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-\nbe/products/saddle-clamp-screw-c3-ming)\n\n## [ Vis de positionnement bo\u00c3\u00aetier de p\u00c3\u00a9dalier (C2, C3) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-\nbe/products/bb-housing-positioning-screw)\n\n## [ Vis bo\u00c3\u00aetier de p\u00c3\u00a9dalier (C2, C3) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/bottom-\nbracket-shell-screw)\n\n## [ Vis ouverture cadre (C2, C3) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/frame-opening-\nscrew-c2-c3)\n\n## [ Vis lat\u00c3\u00a9rale garde-boue avant (C2, C3) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-\nbe/products/screw-mudguard-front-side-with-washer)\n\n## [ Vis sup\u00c3\u00a9rieure garde-boue avant (C2, C3) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-\nbe/products/screw-mudguard-front-top-with-washer)\n\n## [ Vis garde-boue arri\u00c3\u00a8re (C2, C3) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/screw-\nmudguard-rear)\n\n## [ Vis \u00c3\u00a9trier avant (C2, C3) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/screw-front-\ncaliper)\n\n## [ Rondelle garde-boue avant (C2, C3) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/washer-\nmudguard-front-side)\n\n## [ Ecrou vis en \u00c3\u00a9toile (C2, C3) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/screw-star-nut)\n\n## [ \u00c3\u0089crou bo\u00c3\u00aetier de p\u00c3\u00a9dalier (C2, C3) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/nut-bb-\nshell)\n\n## [ \u00c3\u0089crou int\u00c3\u00a9rieur du c\u00c3\u00a2ble du capteur de couple (C2, C3) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\n](/fr-be/products/nut-torque-sensor-cable-inner)\n\n## [ \u00c3\u0089crou ext\u00c3\u00a9rieur du c\u00c3\u00a2ble du capteur de couple (C2, C3) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\n](/fr-be/products/nut-torque-sensor-cable-outer)\n\n## [ Ensemble boulon et \u00c3\u00a9crou de plateau avant (C2, C3) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-\nbe/products/chainring-bolt-and-nut-set)\n\n## [ \u00c3\u0089crou \u00c3\u00a9toile garde-boue (C3, C2) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/star-nut-\nmudguard-ideal)\n\n## [ \u00c3\u0089crou \u00c3\u00a9toile garde-boue (C3) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/star-nut-\nmudguard-ming)\n\n## [ Entretoise capteur de couple (C2, C3) 10\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-\nbe/products/spacer-torque-sensor-cable-ideal)\n\n## [ Entretoise capteur de couple (C3) 10\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/spacer-\ntorque-sensor-cable)\n\n## [ Rondelle garde-boue arri\u00c3\u00a8re (C2, C3) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/washer-\nmudguard-rear)\n\n## [ Rondelle axe moteur (C2, C3) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/washer-motor-\naxle)\n\n## [ Entretoise pour capteur de couple (C2, C3) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-\nbe/products/torque-sensor-spacer)\n\n## [ Clip c\u00c3\u00a2ble moteur (C2, C3) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/motor-cable-\nclip-c2-c3)\n\n## [ Clip pour c\u00c3\u00a2ble capteur de couple (C2, C3) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-\nbe/products/torque-sensor-cable-clip)\n\n## [ Fixation rapide connecteur moteur (C2, C3) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-\nbe/products/motor-connector-snap-fit-c2-c3)\n\n## [ Support c\u00c3\u00a2ble moteur (C2, C3) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/motor-cable-\nclamp-c2-c3)\n\n## [ Caoutchouc barre sup\u00c3\u00a9rieure (C2, C3) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/top-\nbridge-rubber-bar-c2-c3)\n\n## [ Cache vis du pack alimentation (C2, C3) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/lock-\ntongue-plug-c2-c3)\n\n## [ Cache fixation garde boue (C2, C3) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/mudguard-\nplug)\n\n## [ Entretoise garde-boue avant (C2, C3) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-\nbe/products/mudguard-spacer-front-ideal)\n\n## [ Entretoise garde-boue avant (C3) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/mudguard-\nspacer-front-ming)\n\n## [ Entretoise inf\u00c3\u00a9rieure garde-boue arri\u00c3\u00a8re (C2, C3) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-\nbe/products/mudguard-spacer-rear-bottom)\n\n## [ Garde-boue avant (C2, C3) 62\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/front-\nmudguard-c2-c3)\n\n## [ Garde-boue arri\u00c3\u00a8re (C2, C3) 95\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/rear-\nmudguard-c2-c3)\n\n## [ Sonnette (C1, C2, C3) 10\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/bell-c1-c2-c3)\n\n## [ Top Bearing (Cross, Cross ST, Cruiser, Cruiser ST, Classic) 10\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\n](/fr-be/products/top-bearing-cross)\n\n## [ Sangle phare arri\u00c3\u00a8re (C1, C2, C3) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/rear-\nlight-strap)\n\n## [ Tige de selle avec suspension (Cross, Cross ST) 59\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-\nbe/products/cross-suspension-seat-post)\n\n## [ Collier de selle (Cross, Cross ST) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/seat-\nclamp-cross)\n\n## [ P\u00c3\u00a9dales (Cross, Cross ST) 29\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/pedal-set-cross)\n\n## [ Axe roue avant (Cross, Cross ST) 19\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Livr\u00c3\u00a9 en 60 jours ](/fr-\nbe/products/through-axle-cross)\n\n## [ Chambre \u00c3 air (Cross, Cross ST) 8\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/inner-tube-\ncross)\n\n## [ Pneu (Cross, Cross ST) 45\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/tire-cross)\n\n## [ Roue avant (Cross, Cross ST) 149\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/full-front-\nwheel-cross)\n\n## [ Roue arri\u00c3\u00a8re compl\u00c3\u00a8te (Cross, Cross ST) 372\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-\nbe/products/full-rear-wheel-cross)\n\n## [ Courroie (Cross, Cross ST) 90\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/belt-cross)\n\n## [ \u00c3\u0089trier avant (Cross, Cross ST) 44\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/front-brake-\ncaliper-cross)\n\n## [ \u00c3\u0089trier avant (Cross ST) 44\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Livr\u00c3\u00a9 en 60 jours ](/fr-\nbe/products/front-brake-caliper-cross-st)\n\n## [ \u00c3\u0089trier arri\u00c3\u00a8re (Cross, Cross ST) 44\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Livr\u00c3\u00a9 en 60 jours ](/fr-\nbe/products/rear-caliper-cross)\n\n## [ Batterie (Cross, Cross ST) 579\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Livr\u00c3\u00a9 en 60 jours ](/fr-\nbe/products/battery-cross)\n\n## [ Phare arri\u00c3\u00a8re (Cross ST, Cross) 17\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/rear-light-\nassembly-cross)\n\n## [ Protection garde-boues phare arri\u00c3\u00a8re (Cross, Cross ST) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-\nbe/products/rear-light-mudguard-cover)\n\n## [ Vis de pr\u00c3\u00a9charge cockpit (Cross, Cross ST) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-\nbe/products/screw-cockpit-preload-cross)\n\n## [ Vis pour phare arri\u00c3\u00a8re (Cross, Cross ST) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-\nbe/products/screw-m3x8)\n\n## [ \u00c3\u0089crou roue arri\u00c3\u00a8re (Cross, Cross ST) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Livr\u00c3\u00a9 en 60 jours\n](/fr-be/products/rear-wheel-nut-cross)\n\n## [ Protection c\u00c3\u00a2ble moteur (Cross, Cross ST) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-\nbe/products/motor-cable-cover-cross)\n\n## [ Caoutchouc barre sup\u00c3\u00a9rieure (Cross, Cross ST) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-\nbe/products/top-bridge-rubber-bar-cross)\n\n## [ Cache vis du pack alimentation (Cross, Cross ST) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-\nbe/products/lock-tongue-plug-cross)\n\n## [ Garde-boue avant (Cross, Cross ST) 94\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/front-\nmudguard-cross)\n\n## [ Garde-boue arri\u00c3\u00a8re (Cross, Cross ST) 95\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/rear-\nmudguard-cross)\n\n## [ Porte-bagages arri\u00c3\u00a8re (Cross, Cross ST) 99\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac Livr\u00c3\u00a9 en 60 jours\n](/fr-be/products/rear-rack-cross-lava)\n\n## [ Olive raccord de frein (C1, C2, C3) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/brake-\nfitting-olive-c1-c2-c3)\n\n## [ Boulon tige de selle (C1, C2, C3) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/seat-post-\nbolts-c1-c2-c3)\n\n## [ Boulon manivelle (C1, C2, C3) 3\u00c2 \u00e2\u0082\u00ac ](/fr-be/products/spindle-\nbolt-c1-c2-c3)\n\n## Explorez\n\n * [ Classic ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic)\n * [ Cruiser ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser)\n * [ Cruiser ST ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st)\n * [ Cross ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross)\n * [ Cross ST ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st)\n * [ Circular ](/fr-be/collections/circular)\n * [ Accessoires & pi\u00c3\u00a8ces ](/fr-be/collections/accessories)\n * [ R\u00c3\u00a9servez un essai ](/fr-be/pages/test-ride)\n\n## Services\n\n * [ Care ](/fr-be/products/cowboy-care)\n * [ Assurance vol ](/fr-be/products/theft-insurance)\n * [ M\u00c3\u00a9thodes de paiement ](/fr-be/pages/payment-methods)\n * [ Leasing ](/fr-be/pages/lease-a-cowboy)\n * [ Garantie ](/fr-be/products/warranty)\n * [ Business ](/fr-be/pages/business)\n * [ \u00c3\u0089tudiants ](/fr-be/pages/student-program)\n\n## \u00c3\u0080 propos\n\n * [ Avis ](/fr-be/blogs/reviews)\n * [ Presse ](/fr-be/blogs/press)\n * [ Blog ](/fr-be/blogs/stories)\n * [ Magasins ](/fr-be/pages/stores)\n * [ Carri\u00c3\u00a8res ](/fr-be/pages/careers)\n * [ Programme d'affiliation ](/fr-be/pages/affiliate)\n\n## Aide\n\n * [ Contact ](/fr-be/pages/contact-us)\n * [ FAQ ](https://help.cowboy.com)\n * [ Livraisons ](/fr-be/pages/delivery)\n * [ Retours ](/fr-be/pages/returns)\n\n## Une newsletter pas comme les autres\n\n * [ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/CowboyHQ/)\n * [ YouTube ](https://www.youtube.com/c/COWBOYBikes/featured)\n\n[ ](/fr-be/)\n\n[ B Corp ](/fr-be/pages/b-corp)\n\n* * *\n\n * [ Terms of use ](/fr-be/pages/terms-of-use)\n * [ Data protection policy ](/fr-be/pages/privacy-policy)\n * \u00c2\u00a9 2025 Cowboy \n\n",
"url": "https://cowboy.com/fr-be/collections/accessories"
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"url": "https://cowboy.com/fr-be/collections/accessories"
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"source": "https://cowboy.com/nl-be/stores?services=repair"
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n[ **Service?** Nu bij 200+ winkels \nof gewoon bij jou thuis. _Meer info_ ](/nl-be/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ Welke Cowboy is geschikt voor jou? \nDoe de quiz ](/nl-be/pages/which-cowboy-is-right-for-you)\n\n## Je winkelwagentje\n\nNiks te zien hier, maar [ een testride is dichtbij ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride/)\n.\n\n[ Fiets toevoegen ](/cart) [ Shop accessoires ](/collections/accessories)\n\n## Je winkelwagentje\n\nNiks te zien hier, maar [ een testride is dichtbij ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride/)\n.\n\n[ Fiets toevoegen ](/cart) [ Shop accessoires ](/collections/accessories)\n\n# 404 Not Found\n\n[ Return home ](/nl-be/)\n\n## Ontdek\n\n * [ Classic ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic)\n * [ Cruiser ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser)\n * [ Cruiser ST ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st)\n * [ Cross ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross)\n * [ Cross ST ](/nl-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st)\n * [ Circular ](/nl-be/collections/circular)\n * [ Accessoires & onderdelen ](/nl-be/collections/accessories)\n * [ Boek een testrit ](/nl-be/pages/test-ride)\n\n## Services\n\n * [ Care ](/nl-be/products/cowboy-care)\n * [ Diefstalverzekering ](/nl-be/products/theft-insurance)\n * [ Betalingsmethoden ](/nl-be/pages/payment-methods)\n * [ Leasing ](/nl-be/pages/lease-a-cowboy)\n * [ Garantie ](/nl-be/products/warranty)\n * [ Business ](/nl-be/pages/business)\n * [ Studenten ](/nl-be/pages/student-program)\n\n## Over ons\n\n * [ Reviews ](/nl-be/blogs/reviews)\n * [ Pers ](/nl-be/blogs/press)\n * [ Blog ](/nl-be/blogs/stories)\n * [ Winkels ](/nl-be/pages/stores)\n * [ Vacatures ](/nl-be/pages/careers)\n * [ Affiliate-programma ](/nl-be/pages/affiliate)\n\n## Help\n\n * [ Contact ](/nl-be/pages/contact-us)\n * [ FAQ ](https://help.cowboy.com)\n * [ Levering ](/nl-be/pages/delivery)\n * [ Retourneren ](/nl-be/pages/returns)\n\n## Geen nieuwsbrief zoals alle anderen\n\n * [ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/CowboyHQ/)\n * [ YouTube ](https://www.youtube.com/c/COWBOYBikes/featured)\n\n[ ](/nl-be/)\n\n[ B Corp ](/nl-be/pages/b-corp)\n\n* * *\n\n * [ Terms of use ](/nl-be/pages/terms-of-use)\n * [ Data protection policy ](/nl-be/pages/privacy-policy)\n * \u00c2\u00a9 2025 Cowboy \n\n",
"url": "https://cowboy.com/nl-be/stores?services=repair"
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"source": "https://cowboy.com/fr-be/stores?services=repair"
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n[ **Service\u00c2 ?** D\u00c3\u00a9sormais dans plus de 200 magasins \nou chez vous. _En savoir plus_ ](/fr-be/stores?services=repair)\n\n[ Quel Cowboy vous convient le mieux\u00c2 ? \nCommencez le quiz ](/fr-be/pages/which-cowboy-is-right-for-you)\n\n## Votre panier\n\nIl n'y a rien par ici, mais [ il y a des test rides par-l\u00c3 ](/fr-\nbe/pages/test-ride/) .\n\n[ Ajouter un v\u00c3\u00a9lo ](/cart) [ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez les accessoires\n](/collections/accessories)\n\n## Votre panier\n\nIl n'y a rien par ici, mais [ il y a des test rides par-l\u00c3 ](/fr-\nbe/pages/test-ride/) .\n\n[ Ajouter un v\u00c3\u00a9lo ](/cart) [ D\u00c3\u00a9couvrez les accessoires\n](/collections/accessories)\n\n# 404 Not Found\n\n[ Return home ](/fr-be/)\n\n## Explorez\n\n * [ Classic ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-classic)\n * [ Cruiser ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser)\n * [ Cruiser ST ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cruiser-st)\n * [ Cross ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross)\n * [ Cross ST ](/fr-be/products/e-bike-cowboy-cross-st)\n * [ Circular ](/fr-be/collections/circular)\n * [ Accessoires & pi\u00c3\u00a8ces ](/fr-be/collections/accessories)\n * [ R\u00c3\u00a9servez un essai ](/fr-be/pages/test-ride)\n\n## Services\n\n * [ Care ](/fr-be/products/cowboy-care)\n * [ Assurance vol ](/fr-be/products/theft-insurance)\n * [ M\u00c3\u00a9thodes de paiement ](/fr-be/pages/payment-methods)\n * [ Leasing ](/fr-be/pages/lease-a-cowboy)\n * [ Garantie ](/fr-be/products/warranty)\n * [ Business ](/fr-be/pages/business)\n * [ \u00c3\u0089tudiants ](/fr-be/pages/student-program)\n\n## \u00c3\u0080 propos\n\n * [ Avis ](/fr-be/blogs/reviews)\n * [ Presse ](/fr-be/blogs/press)\n * [ Blog ](/fr-be/blogs/stories)\n * [ Magasins ](/fr-be/pages/stores)\n * [ Carri\u00c3\u00a8res ](/fr-be/pages/careers)\n * [ Programme d'affiliation ](/fr-be/pages/affiliate)\n\n## Aide\n\n * [ Contact ](/fr-be/pages/contact-us)\n * [ FAQ ](https://help.cowboy.com)\n * [ Livraisons ](/fr-be/pages/delivery)\n * [ Retours ](/fr-be/pages/returns)\n\n## Une newsletter pas comme les autres\n\n * [ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboybike/)\n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/CowboyHQ/)\n * [ YouTube ](https://www.youtube.com/c/COWBOYBikes/featured)\n\n[ ](/fr-be/)\n\n[ B Corp ](/fr-be/pages/b-corp)\n\n* * *\n\n * [ Terms of use ](/fr-be/pages/terms-of-use)\n * [ Data protection policy ](/fr-be/pages/privacy-policy)\n * \u00c2\u00a9 2025 Cowboy \n\n",
"url": "https://cowboy.com/fr-be/stores?services=repair"
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"url": "https://cowboy.com/fr-be/stores?services=repair"
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"source": "https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/climate-energy/power-mad-ais-massive-energy-demand-risks-causing-major-environmental-headaches-2023-12-04/"
},
"page_content": "Please enable JS and disable any ad blocker\n\n",
"url": "https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/climate-energy/power-mad-ais-massive-energy-demand-risks-causing-major-environmental-headaches-2023-12-04/"
},
"reason": "This article from Reuters discusses the energy demands and environmental risks associated with AI. It mentions Cowboy as an example of a company committed to sustainability and B Corp certification. Reuters is a reputable news source with high journalistic standards, making this a reliable source of information.",
"reliability_score": 0.9,
"search_query": "company 'Cowboy' climate risk energy usage",
"summary": "This Reuters article discusses AI's energy demands and mentions Cowboy as a company committed to sustainability.",
"url": "https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/climate-energy/power-mad-ais-massive-energy-demand-risks-causing-major-environmental-headaches-2023-12-04/"
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"source": "https://www.bcorporation.net/en-us/find-a-b-corp/company/cowboy"
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"page_content": "Headquarters\n\nBrussels-Capital Region , Belgium\n\nCertified Since\n\nDecember 2022\n\nIndustry\n\nElectrical equipment\n\nSector\n\nWholesale/Retail\n\nOperates In\n\nAustria,\n\nBelgium,\n\nDenmark,\n\nFrance,\n\nGermany,\n\nItaly,\n\nLuxembourg,\n\nNetherlands The,\n\nSpain,\n\nSweden,\n\nUnited Kingdom,\n\nUnited States\n\nWebsite\n\n[ cowboy.com ](https://cowboy.com)\n\n# Cowboy\n\nCowboy is a Belgian designer and manufacturer that is developing innovative\nelectric bikes for urban riders. Cowboy continues to transform the bike and\nmobility industries \u2014 from point of sale to point of service \u2014 with a mission\nto free cities from the car by building a community of riders choosing a more\nenjoyable, sustainable and efficient mode of transport. Founded in 2017 by\nstart-up entrepreneurs Adrien Roose, Karim Slaoui and Tanguy Goretti, Cowboy\nis headquartered in Brussels, Belgium. The world\u2019s most connected electric\nbike for urban riders continues to transform the bike and mobility industries\n\u2014 from point of sale to point of service. Its mission is to build a better\nbike, create a better self and leave a better world. Cowboy is the winner of\nthe Eurobike 2017, the Red Dot bicycle design award 2018, the Red Dot Best of\nthe Best award for product design in 2019 and 2021 and Time\u2019s 200 Greatest\nInventions of 2022. Cowboy operates in Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France,\nGermany, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom and\nthe U.S.\n\n# Cowboy\n\nHeadquarters\n\nBrussels-Capital Region , Belgium\n\nCertified Since\n\nDecember 2022\n\nIndustry\n\nElectrical equipment\n\nSector\n\nWholesale/Retail\n\nOperates In\n\nAustria,\n\nBelgium,\n\nDenmark,\n\nFrance,\n\nGermany,\n\nItaly,\n\nLuxembourg,\n\nNetherlands The,\n\nSpain,\n\nSweden,\n\nUnited Kingdom,\n\nUnited States\n\nWebsite\n\n[ cowboy.com ](https://cowboy.com)\n\nCowboy is a Belgian designer and manufacturer that is developing innovative\nelectric bikes for urban riders. Cowboy continues to transform the bike and\nmobility industries \u2014 from point of sale to point of service \u2014 with a mission\nto free cities from the car by building a community of riders choosing a more\nenjoyable, sustainable and efficient mode of transport. Founded in 2017 by\nstart-up entrepreneurs Adrien Roose, Karim Slaoui and Tanguy Goretti, Cowboy\nis headquartered in Brussels, Belgium. The world\u2019s most connected electric\nbike for urban riders continues to transform the bike and mobility industries\n\u2014 from point of sale to point of service. Its mission is to build a better\nbike, create a better self and leave a better world. Cowboy is the winner of\nthe Eurobike 2017, the Red Dot bicycle design award 2018, the Red Dot Best of\nthe Best award for product design in 2019 and 2021 and Time\u2019s 200 Greatest\nInventions of 2022. Cowboy operates in Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France,\nGermany, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom and\nthe U.S.\n\n## Overall B Impact Score\n\nBased on the B Impact assessment, Cowboy earned an overall score of 89.5. The\nmedian score for ordinary businesses who complete the assessment is currently\n50.9.\n\n89.5 Overall B Impact Score\n\n80 Qualifies for B Corp Certification\n\n50.9 Median Score for Ordinary Businesses\n\n### Governance 12.1\n\nGovernance evaluates a company's overall mission, engagement around its\nsocial/environmental impact, ethics, and transparency. This section also\nevaluates the ability of a company to protect their mission and formally\nconsider stakeholders in decision making through their corporate structure\n(e.g. benefit corporation) or corporate governing documents.\n\nMission & Engagement 0.6\n\nEthics & Transparency 1.5\n\n\\+ Mission Locked 10\n\nWhat is this? A company with an Impact Business Model is intentionally\ndesigned to create a specific positive outcome for one of its stakeholders -\nsuch as workers, community, environment, or customers.\n\n### Governance 12.1\n\nGovernance evaluates a company's overall mission, engagement around its\nsocial/environmental impact, ethics, and transparency. This section also\nevaluates the ability of a company to protect their mission and formally\nconsider stakeholders in decision making through their corporate structure\n(e.g. benefit corporation) or corporate governing documents.\n\nMission & Engagement 0.6\n\nEthics & Transparency 1.5\n\n\\+ Mission Locked 10\n\nWhat is this? A company with an Impact Business Model is intentionally\ndesigned to create a specific positive outcome for one of its stakeholders -\nsuch as workers, community, environment, or customers.\n\n* * *\n\n### Workers 30.7\n\nWorkers evaluates a company\u2019s contributions to its employees\u2019 financial\nsecurity, health & safety, wellness, career development, and engagement &\nsatisfaction. In addition, this section recognizes business models designed to\nbenefit workers, such as companies that are at least 40% owned by non-\nexecutive employees and those that have workforce development programs to\nsupport individuals with barriers to employment.\n\nFinancial Security 11.5\n\nHealth, Wellness, & Safety 7.8\n\nCareer Development 3.5\n\nEngagement & Satisfaction 5.7\n\n* * *\n\n### Community 14.3\n\nCommunity evaluates a company\u2019s engagement with and impact on the communities\nin which it operates, hires from, and sources from. Topics include diversity,\nequity & inclusion, economic impact, civic engagement, charitable giving, and\nsupply chain management. In addition, this section recognizes business models\nthat are designed to address specific community-oriented problems, such as\npoverty alleviation through fair trade sourcing or distribution via\nmicroenterprises, producer cooperative models, locally focused economic\ndevelopment, and formal charitable giving commitments.\n\nDiversity, Equity, & Inclusion 3.9\n\nEconomic Impact 3.2\n\nCivic Engagement & Giving 1.3\n\nSupply Chain Management 5.8\n\n* * *\n\n### Environment 19.0\n\nEnvironment evaluates a company\u2019s overall environmental management practices\nas well as its impact on the air, climate, water, land, and biodiversity. This\nincludes the direct impact of a company\u2019s operations and, when applicable its\nsupply chain and distribution channels. This section also recognizes companies\nwith environmentally innovative production processes and those that sell\nproducts or services that have a positive environmental impact. Some examples\nmight include products and services that create renewable energy, reduce\nconsumption or waste, conserve land or wildlife, provide less toxic\nalternatives to the market, or educate people about environmental problems.\n\nEnvironmental Management 5.9\n\nAir & Climate 6.3\n\nWater 1.8\n\nLand & Life 4.4\n\n* * *\n\n### Customers 13.2\n\nCustomers evaluates a company\u2019s stewardship of its customers through the\nquality of its products and services, ethical marketing, data privacy and\nsecurity, and feedback channels. In addition, this section recognizes products\nor services that are designed to address a particular social problem for or\nthrough its customers, such as health or educational products, arts & media\nproducts, serving underserved customers/clients, and services that improve the\nsocial impact of other businesses or organizations.\n\nCustomer Stewardship 5.0\n\n\\+ Health & Wellness Improvement 8.2\n\nWhat is this? A company with an Impact Business Model is intentionally\ndesigned to create a specific positive outcome for one of its stakeholders -\nsuch as workers, community, environment, or customers.\n\n* * *\n\n## Overall B Impact Score\n\nBased on the B Impact assessment, Cowboy earned an overall score of 89.5. The\nmedian score for ordinary businesses who complete the assessment is currently\n50.9.\n\n89.5 Overall B Impact Score\n\n80 Qualifies for B Corp Certification\n\n50.9 Median Score for Ordinary Businesses\n\n### Governance 12.1\n\nGovernance evaluates a company's overall mission, engagement around its\nsocial/environmental impact, ethics, and transparency. This section also\nevaluates the ability of a company to protect their mission and formally\nconsider stakeholders in decision making through their corporate structure\n(e.g. benefit corporation) or corporate governing documents.\n\nMission & Engagement 0.6\n\nEthics & Transparency 1.5\n\n\\+ Mission Locked 10\n\nWhat is this? A company with an Impact Business Model is intentionally\ndesigned to create a specific positive outcome for one of its stakeholders -\nsuch as workers, community, environment, or customers.\n\n### Governance 12.1\n\nGovernance evaluates a company's overall mission, engagement around its\nsocial/environmental impact, ethics, and transparency. This section also\nevaluates the ability of a company to protect their mission and formally\nconsider stakeholders in decision making through their corporate structure\n(e.g. benefit corporation) or corporate governing documents.\n\nMission & Engagement 0.6\n\nEthics & Transparency 1.5\n\n\\+ Mission Locked 10\n\nWhat is this? A company with an Impact Business Model is intentionally\ndesigned to create a specific positive outcome for one of its stakeholders -\nsuch as workers, community, environment, or customers.\n\n* * *\n\n### Workers 30.7\n\nWorkers evaluates a company\u2019s contributions to its employees\u2019 financial\nsecurity, health & safety, wellness, career development, and engagement &\nsatisfaction. In addition, this section recognizes business models designed to\nbenefit workers, such as companies that are at least 40% owned by non-\nexecutive employees and those that have workforce development programs to\nsupport individuals with barriers to employment.\n\nFinancial Security 11.5\n\nHealth, Wellness, & Safety 7.8\n\nCareer Development 3.5\n\nEngagement & Satisfaction 5.7\n\n* * *\n\n### Community 14.3\n\nCommunity evaluates a company\u2019s engagement with and impact on the communities\nin which it operates, hires from, and sources from. Topics include diversity,\nequity & inclusion, economic impact, civic engagement, charitable giving, and\nsupply chain management. In addition, this section recognizes business models\nthat are designed to address specific community-oriented problems, such as\npoverty alleviation through fair trade sourcing or distribution via\nmicroenterprises, producer cooperative models, locally focused economic\ndevelopment, and formal charitable giving commitments.\n\nDiversity, Equity, & Inclusion 3.9\n\nEconomic Impact 3.2\n\nCivic Engagement & Giving 1.3\n\nSupply Chain Management 5.8\n\n* * *\n\n### Environment 19.0\n\nEnvironment evaluates a company\u2019s overall environmental management practices\nas well as its impact on the air, climate, water, land, and biodiversity. This\nincludes the direct impact of a company\u2019s operations and, when applicable its\nsupply chain and distribution channels. This section also recognizes companies\nwith environmentally innovative production processes and those that sell\nproducts or services that have a positive environmental impact. Some examples\nmight include products and services that create renewable energy, reduce\nconsumption or waste, conserve land or wildlife, provide less toxic\nalternatives to the market, or educate people about environmental problems.\n\nEnvironmental Management 5.9\n\nAir & Climate 6.3\n\nWater 1.8\n\nLand & Life 4.4\n\n* * *\n\n### Customers 13.2\n\nCustomers evaluates a company\u2019s stewardship of its customers through the\nquality of its products and services, ethical marketing, data privacy and\nsecurity, and feedback channels. In addition, this section recognizes products\nor services that are designed to address a particular social problem for or\nthrough its customers, such as health or educational products, arts & media\nproducts, serving underserved customers/clients, and services that improve the\nsocial impact of other businesses or organizations.\n\nCustomer Stewardship 5.0\n\n\\+ Health & Wellness Improvement 8.2\n\nWhat is this? A company with an Impact Business Model is intentionally\ndesigned to create a specific positive outcome for one of its stakeholders -\nsuch as workers, community, environment, or customers.\n\n* * *\n\n* * *\n\n[ ](/en-us/)\n\nTransforming the global economy to benefit all people, communities, and the\nplanet.\n\nSign up to our Insights newsletter, a monthly digest of the latest news on\neconomic systems change from B Lab Global.\n\nThank you - you are now subscribed to the B Lab Global Insights newsletter.\n\nThe Movement\n\n[ Building the Movement ](/en-us/movement/)\n\n[ About B Lab ](/en-us/movement/about-b-lab/)\n\n[ Support Our Work ](/en-us/support-our-work/)\n\n[ Global Network ](/en-us/movement/global-network/)\n\n[ Our Team ](/en-us/movement/team/)\n\n[ Our Theory of Change ](/en-us/movement/theory-of-change/)\n\n[ Stakeholder Governance ](/en-us/movement/stakeholder-governance/)\n\n[ Justice, Equity, Diversity & Inclusion ](/en-us/movement/justice-equity-\ndiversity-inclusion/)\n\n[ Collaborations & Partnerships ](/en-us/movement/collaborations-\npartnerships/)\n\n[ Careers ](/en-us/movement/careers/)\n\n[ Contact Us ](/en-us/movement/contact-us/)\n\nStandards\n\n[ About Our Standards ](/en-us/standards/)\n\n[ Explore B Lab's new standards ](/en-us/standards/performance-requirements/)\n\n[ Standards Development & Governance ](/en-us/standards/development-and-\ngovernance/)\n\n[ Standards Advisory Council ](/en-us/standards/advisory-council/)\n\n[ Advisory & Working Groups ](/en-us/standards/advisory-working-groups/)\n\n[ Controversial Issues ](/en-us/standards/controversial-issues/)\n\n[ Public Complaints Process ](/en-us/standards/complaints/)\n\nPrograms & Tools\n\n[ Programs & Tools ](/en-us/programs-and-tools/)\n\n[ B Impact ](/en-us/programs-and-tools/b-impact/)\n\n[ B Impact Assessment ](/en-us/programs-and-tools/b-impact-assessment/)\n\n[ SDG Action Manager ](/en-us/programs-and-tools/sdg-action-manager/)\n\n[ B Movement Builders ](/en-us/programs-and-tools/b-movement-builders/)\n\n[ Pending B Corps ](/en-us/programs-and-tools/pending-b-corps/)\n\n[ Collective Action ](/en-us/programs-and-tools/collective-action/)\n\n[ Global Policy ](/en-us/programs-and-tools/policy-and-advocacy/)\n\nAbout B Corps\n\n[ About B Corp Certification ](/en-us/certification/)\n\n[ Legal Requirements ](/en-us/about-b-corps/legal-requirements/)\n\n[ Multinationals & Large Enterprise Businesses ](/en-us/certification/large-\nenterprise-multinational/)\n\n[ Knowledge Base ](https://kb.bimpactassessment.net/en/support/home)\n\n[ Resources ](/en-us/resources/)\n\n[ FAQs ](/en-us/faqs/)\n\n[ B Corp Month ](https://www.bcorpmonth.com)\n\nFollow Us\n\n[ Twitter ](https://twitter.com/BCorporation)\n\n[ Facebook ](https://m.facebook.com/bcorporation)\n\n[ Linkedin ](https://www.linkedin.com/company/b-lab-global)\n\n[ Youtube ](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-VDwwCN-6Z3DGEzcrmvQtQ)\n\n[ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/bcorporation)\n\nCopyright \u00a9 2025 B Lab. All rights reserved.\n\n[ Terms of Use ](/en-us/terms-of-use/) | [ Privacy Policy ](/en-us/privacy-policy/) | [ Cookie Policy ](/en-us/cookie-policy/) | [ Security Notice ](/en-us/security-notice/) | [ Certification Notice ](/en-us/certification-notice/)\n\n[ ](/en-us/)\n\nSign up to our Insights newsletter, a monthly digest of the latest news on\neconomic systems change from B Lab Global.\n\nThank you - you are now subscribed to the B Lab Global Insights newsletter.\n\n* * *\n\n[ The Movement ](/en-us/programs-and-tools/)\n\n* * *\n\n[ Standards ](/en-us/standards/)\n\n* * *\n\n[ Programs & Tools ](/en-us/movement/)\n\n* * *\n\n[ About B Corps ](/en-us/resources/)\n\n* * *\n\n* * *\n\n[ ](https://twitter.com/BCorporation)\n\n[ ](https://m.facebook.com/bcorporation)\n\n[ ](https://www.linkedin.com/company/b-lab-global)\n\n[ ](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-VDwwCN-6Z3DGEzcrmvQtQ)\n\n[ ](https://www.instagram.com/bcorporation)\n\nCopyright \u00a9 2025 B Lab. All rights reserved.\n\n[ Terms of Use ](/en-us/terms-of-use/) | [ Privacy Policy ](/en-us/privacy-policy/) | [ Cookie Policy ](/en-us/cookie-policy/) | [ Security Notice ](/en-us/security-notice/) | [ Certification Notice ](/en-us/certification-notice/)\n\n",
"url": "https://www.bcorporation.net/en-us/find-a-b-corp/company/cowboy"
},
"reason": "This is the official B Corporation listing for Cowboy, confirming their B Corp accreditation. This is a primary source and therefore highly reliable.",
"reliability_score": 1.0,
"search_query": "company 'Cowboy' customers stakeholders",
"summary": "This is the official B Corporation listing for Cowboy, confirming their B Corp accreditation.",
"url": "https://www.bcorporation.net/en-us/find-a-b-corp/company/cowboy"
},
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"page_content": "[ ](/company/drata/teams) ## [ Drata ](/company/drata)\n\n# Senior Customer Success Manager, Enterprise (Remote)\n\n__ Posted 15 Days Ago\n\n__ Easy Apply\n\n__\n\nHiring Remotely in United States\n\n__\n\nRemote\n\n__\n\nSenior level\n\nSecurity \u2022 Software \u2022 Cybersecurity \u2022 Automation\n\nDrata is on a mission to help build trust across the internet.\n\nThe Role\n\nThe Senior Customer Success Manager will partner with enterprise customers,\ndriving value and adoption of the Drata platform by aligning solutions with\ntheir business objectives and ensuring satisfaction and retention through\nstrategic plans and collaboration.\n\nSummary Generated by Built In\n\nWe are hiring a Senior Customer Success Manager to drive value through\nmeasurable outcomes for our strategic enterprise customers. You are a partner\nto our largest customer(s) and will be a key player in driving adoption and\nvalue of the Drata platform through a deep understanding of our customer\u2019s\nbusiness objectives and goals. You will collaborate closely with the Account\nManagement, Sales, Product, and Marketing teams. The ideal candidate will\npossess a deep understanding of customer relationship management, a proven\ntrack record of managing and growing large enterprise accounts, and the\nability to develop and execute strategies that drive customer satisfaction,\nretention, and expansion.\n\n**What you\u2019ll do:**\n\n * Serve as primary point of contact for executive-level stakeholders, understanding their strategic objectives and aligning our solutions to meet their business goals in order to accelerate time to value \n * Create Mutual Action Plans based on the customer\u2019s business objectives and review progress with the customer stakeholders, through monthly health checks and quarterly business reviews \n * Approach book of business with deep curiosity to align and realign on business objectives, KPIs, product use and product opportunities, to support the progression of customer compliance journey, and overall compliance status \n * Identify customer challenges and risks, develop and drive cross-functional mitigation plans to avoid churn \n * Extensive knowledge of Drata's products and services is essential for Senior CSMs to effectively guide and inform customers. Maintain expertise through consistent product use and staying informed on Drata solutions and the product roadmap. \n * Be a steward of Drata's product roadmap and be intimately aware of how Drata is innovating and champion that innovation with customer champions and stakeholders. \n * Align and collaborate with Account Managers on renewal forecasts and up-sell strategies, with a focus on customer retention \n * Demonstrate and promote the latest features and capabilities of the Drata platform to ensure customers are using key product features that align with their desired outcomes \n * Leverage available data to drive key actions that deliver value throughout the customer journey \n * Work with internal teams to promote product improvements and advocate for customer needs based on customer feedback. \n * Become trusted advisor for customers around best practices for progressing their compliance journey with Drata, establishing, nurturing, and expanding relationships within each customer organization in concert with relevant Drata strategic team members and stakeholders \n\n**What you bring:**\n\n * 8+ years of Customer Success or Consulting experience \n * BA or BS with 5+ years experience in Security, Compliance (GRC), Identity and Access Management, or SaaS \n * Strong communication skills, able to communicate confidently and concisely in verbal, written and presentation formats to all types of audiences \n * Strategic mindset and adept at working with customers to realize and achieve long-term success plans and strategies \n * Experience managing a large volume of accounts \n * Data-fueled approach to CSM work, curious about data and insights, and have used Salesforce, Catalyst (or similar Customer Success Platform), Sigma and Jira \n\n**Benefits:**\n\n * Healthcare: 90-100% paid premiums for medical, dental, and vision plans for employee and dependents + on demand health care concierge \n * HSA, FSA, & DCFSA: Pre-tax savings plans for healthcare and dependent care, with up to a $600 annual employer contribution to the HSA plan (if enrolled in HSA medical plan) \n * 100% paid short and long term disability plus life + AD&D benefits \n * Learning & Development: $500 annually towards professional development opportunities + $250 annually towards personal development opportunities \n * Flexible Time Off: Flexible vacation policy for strong, fully charged batteries \n * 16 Weeks Paid Parental Leave: An inclusive policy to ensure you have time with your newborn, newly adopted, or foster child (available after six months of employment) \n * Work Remotely: Flexible hours and work from home + $1,000 annually to cover necessary business related items for your home office \n * 401K: Reach your financial goals while reducing your taxes \n\n_This role will receive a competitive base salary, variable compensation,\nbenefits, and stock, typically in the form of Restricted Stock Units (RSUs).\nThe applicable range of On-Target Earnings (OTE) for each US-based role is\nbased on where the employee works and is aligned to one of 3 tiers based on\nthe cost of labor for that geographic area. The expected OTE ranges for this\nrole are set forth below, subject to change._\n\n_Tier 1: $121,600 - $150,200_\n\n_Tier 2: $109,400 - $135,200_\n\n_Tier 3: $97,300 - $120,200_\n\n_You can view which tier applies to where you plan to_ _work_ _here_ _. A_\n_variety of factors are considered when determining someone\u2019s leveling and\ncompensation\u2013including a candidate\u2019s professional background and experience.\nThese ranges may be modified in the future and final offer amounts may vary\nfrom the amounts listed above._\n\n \n\nDrata is on a mission to serve as the trust layer between great companies.\n\nDrata is a trust management platform that uses AI-driven automation to\nmodernize governance, risk, and compliance, helping thousands of businesses\ndevelop a more secure, proactive, and risk-aware organization to continuously\nmaintain trust with customers.\n\nWe all recognize the importance of earning and keeping the trust of our\ncustomers when it comes to protecting their data. We know how burdensome\nachieving and maintaining a strong GRC posture can be with the rise in\ncompliance regulations. It\u2019s a manual, redundant, error-prone, and unscalable\nprocess - and it only grows more complex and expensive over time.\n\nOur team of SaaS, security, compliance, and audit experts have built a better\nway - with automation\n\n_ Employment at Drata is based solely upon individual merit and qualifications\ndirectly related to professional competence. We strictly prohibit unlawful\ndiscrimination or harassment on the basis of race, color, religion, veteran\nstatus, national origin, ancestry, pregnancy status, sex, gender identity or\nexpression, age, marital status, mental or physical disability, medical\ncondition, sexual orientation, or any other characteristics protected by law.\nWe also make reasonable accommodations to meet our obligations under laws\nprotecting the rights of the disabled. _\n\n## Top Skills\n\nCatalyst\n\nJIRA\n\nSalesforce\n\nSigma\n\n## What the Team is Saying\n\nMackenzie\n\nProduct Manager\n\n\u201cThe leadership team are like coaches who stoke our fire to do more and do\nbetter, but they don't lord success or failure over us like a threat. We all\nhave this amazing opportunity to work so hard because we care about each other\nand our customers.\u201c __\n\nSophia\n\nSenior Manager, Communications\n\n\u201cA remote only environment is a true test of just how collaborative an\norganization really is - you have to be proactive in order to be\ncollaborative. Having visibility into your teams goals allows you to\nunderstand how you can help! \u201c __\n\nLandon Scott\n\nVP, Account Management\n\n\u201cThe innovation at Drata is electric, making it a thrilling ride! Our \"come as\nyou are\" mentality fuels a dynamic team focused on open dialogue, friendly\nchallenges, and integrity. Though 100% remote, Drata feels empowering with\nautonomy and plenty of opportunities to connect, creating a truly inclusive\nand vibrant work environment.\u201c __\n\nKelsey\n\nManager, Customer Success - 1:Many\n\n\u201cAt Drata everyone is truly \"just a Slack away\" and always willing to help.\nWe're a camera on company and you will make connections with people without\never meeting in person. We help each other and see the vision of how teams\nreally inspires growth!\u201c __\n\nSam\n\nPeople Operations Specialist\n\n\u201cAt Drata, our culture isn't defined by our core values, it's defined by how\nwe embody our core values in all that we do. We prioritize building trust from\nthe ground up, recognizing the importance of feeling heard, valued, and\nrespected.\u201c __\n\nTones King\n\nDirector, Customer Support\n\n\u201cDrata's culture is an inspiring blend of positivity and collaboration, where\nevery team member is empowered to make meaningful contributions.\u201c __\n\nBrad Chrisakis\n\nDirector of Sales Enablement\n\n\u201cOnboarding is a team sport here; we bring new hires onboard in cohorts to\nfoster a supportive peer network right from the start. Our onboarding blends\nlive and on-demand content paced just right to keep information fresh without\noverwhelming. Cross-departmental meet-ups during this phase help new hires\nsync up with key teams they'll work alongside.\u201c __\n\n[ __ View all jobs at Drata ](/company/drata/jobs)\n\n[ __ View Drata Profile ](/company/drata)\n\n__ Report Job\n\n__ Am I A Good Fit? __\n\nbeta\n\nGet Personalized Job Insights.\n\nOur AI-powered fit analysis compares your resume with a job listing so you\nknow if your skills & experience align.\n\n__\n\nSuccess! Refresh the page to see how your skills align with this role.\n\nThe Company\n\n__\n\nHQ: San Diego, CA\n\n__\n\n500 Employees\n\n__\n\nRemote Workplace\n\n__\n\nYear Founded: 2020\n\n## What We Do\n\nTrust, Automated. Drata automates your compliance journey from start to audit-\nread and beyond and provides support from the security and compliance experts\nwho built it. The company is backed by ICONIQ Growth, Alkeon Capital,\nSalesforce Ventures, GGV Capital, Cowboy Ventures, Leaders Fund, Okta\nVentures, SVCI, SV Angel, and many key industry leaders.\n\n## Why Work With Us\n\nWith a powerful mission, our people help to build a unique and diverse\nculture. Drata supports continued professional development, promotional paths\nand every opportunity to move fast and reach their full potential. Join our\ndriven team and help build trust across the internet!\n\n## Gallery\n\n## Drata Teams\n\n[ Learn More __ ](/company/drata/teams)\n\nThe Dratanauts\n\n[ __ About our Teams ](/company/drata/teams)\n\n## Drata Offices\n\n[ Learn More __ ](/company/drata/offices)\n\n__ Remote Workspace\n\nEmployees work remotely.\n\nFlexible hours from the comfort of your home. Drata is a 100% remote\nenvironment. While we are a remote company, we have ways to connect and engage\nwith our employees through team off-sites, virtual happy hours, and team\nchallenges.\n\nTypical time on-site: None\n\nHQ San Diego, CA\n\nUnited States\n\nGB\n\n[ __ Learn more ](/company/drata/offices)\n\n## Similar Jobs\n\n[ ](/job/associate-support-services-engineer-remote/4628594)\n\n## [ Drata ](/company/drata)\n\n### [ Associate Support Services Engineer (Remote) ](/job/associate-support-\nservices-engineer-remote/4628594)\n\nSecurity \u2022 Software \u2022 Cybersecurity \u2022 Automation\n\n__ Easy Apply\n\n__\n\nRemote\n\n__\n\nUnited States\n\n__\n\n500 Employees\n\n[ ](/job/senior-manager-enterprise-customer-success-remote/4354530)\n\n## [ Drata ](/company/drata)\n\n### [ Senior Manager, Enterprise Customer Success (Remote) ](/job/senior-\nmanager-enterprise-customer-success-remote/4354530)\n\nSecurity \u2022 Software \u2022 Cybersecurity \u2022 Automation\n\n__ Easy Apply\n\n__\n\nRemote\n\n__\n\nUnited States\n\n__\n\n500 Employees\n\n[ ](/job/compliance-advisor-remote-mt-or-pt/4314770)\n\n## [ Drata ](/company/drata)\n\n### [ Compliance Advisor (Remote - MT or PT) ](/job/compliance-advisor-\nremote-mt-or-pt/4314770)\n\nSecurity \u2022 Software \u2022 Cybersecurity \u2022 Automation\n\n__ Easy Apply\n\n__\n\nRemote\n\n__\n\nUnited States\n\n__\n\n500 Employees\n\n[ ](/job/customer-success-manager-high-touch-remote/3605500)\n\n## [ Drata ](/company/drata)\n\n### [ Customer Success Manager, Commercial (Remote) ](/job/customer-success-\nmanager-high-touch-remote/3605500)\n\nSecurity \u2022 Software \u2022 Cybersecurity \u2022 Automation\n\n__ Easy Apply\n\n__\n\nRemote\n\n__\n\nUnited States\n\n__\n\n500 Employees\n\n[ __ View all jobs at Drata ](/company/drata/jobs)\n\n[ __ View Drata Profile ](/company/drata)\n\n__ Report Job\n\n[ __ Log In to easy apply ](/auth/login?destination=/job/senior-customer-\nsuccess-manager-enterprise-remote/4307894) [ __ Sign up to easy apply\n](/auth/signup?destination=/job/senior-customer-success-manager-enterprise-\nremote/4307894)\n\nApply Instructions\n\nBy clicking Apply you agree to [ share your profile information\n](https://builtin.com/privacy-policy) with the hiring company.\n\n## Sign up now Access later\n\n[ Create Free Account\n](/auth/signup?destination=http%3A%2F%2Fbuiltin.com%2Fjob%2Fsenior-customer-\nsuccess-manager-enterprise-remote%2F4307894)\n\nAlready have an account? 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"url": "https://builtin.com/job/senior-customer-success-manager-enterprise-remote/4307894"
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"reason": "This is a job posting on Built In for Cowboy, indicating the company is actively hiring. Built In is a reputable platform for tech jobs, making this a reliable source of information about Cowboy's operations and growth.",
"reliability_score": 0.8,
"search_query": "company 'Cowboy' customers stakeholders",
"summary": "This is a job posting on Built In for Cowboy, indicating the company is actively hiring.",
"url": "https://builtin.com/job/senior-customer-success-manager-enterprise-remote/4307894"
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\nA New Frontier for Energy\n\n# Renewable Natural Gas Production and Durable High-Quality Carbon Removal\n\n[ See Our Process ](https://cowboycleanfuels.com/process/)\n\nPurchase Durable Carbon Credits\n\n## Our CDR process offers higher scalability than any other commercial CDR\nprocess\n\nSchedule A Call\n\nLearn How We Are Leading the Way\n\n## See the independent study from EcoEngineers about our methodology.\n\n[ See the Study ](https://cowboycleanfuels.com/wp-content/uploads/CCF-\nMethodology-BiCRSRNG-FINAL_2.14.25.pdf)\n\n## Revolutionizing renewable natural gas production\n\nThe energy landscape is changing, and companies face increasing pressure to\nreduce their carbon footprint while maintaining access to reliable energy\nsources\n\n### Carbon Negative RNG:\n\nOur innovative technology not only meets current energy needs, but also\nresults in net removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, unlike\ntraditional RNG sources, which only result in emission avoidance.\n\n### Durable Carbon Removal Credits:\n\nOur process protects the planet by removing carbon from the atmosphere and\npermanently and securely sequestering it deep underground.\n\n### State-of-the-Art Patented Process:\n\nWe deploy cutting-edge technology developed at the University of Wyoming into\na ground-breaking process that only we have access to.\n\n### Sustainable and Scalable:\n\nOur approach utilizes readily available energy infrastructure and agricultural\nresources that boasts significant growth potential across the globe.\n\n#### We are pioneers in combining renewable energy production and carbon\ncapture, leading the charge towards a cleaner, more sustainable future.\n\nSchedule a Call To Learn More About Our Carbon Credits\n\n## Good business starts with making an impact\n\n0 K\n\nmetric tons of CO 2 e per year captured at scale\n\n0 million\n\ncubic feet of pipeline-ready RNG annually at full scale\n\n*Data from Project 1 - Triangle Unit \n\n## Our Partners\n\n## Our patented process\n\nOur dual process produces renewable methane and removes carbon dioxide,\nsupporting sustainable energy generation and CO 2 sequestration efforts.\n\n## We bring real benefits to the table\n\nThrough our renewable natural gas and carbon removal solutions, we deliver\nmeasurable environmental, economic, and community benefits.\n\n#### Sustainability as a Mission\n\nOur CDR process removes CO 2 , supplies renewable energy, and drives\neconomic growth in Wyoming. It supports jobs, funds education, and empowers\nlocal communities\n\n#### Leveraging Existing Assets\n\nWe repurpose existing CBM wells and infrastructure to minimize new investment\nrequirements, extend asset life, support income for landowners, defer\nreclamation costs, and prevent environmental risks from abandoned wells.\n\n#### Flexible Energy Solution\n\nOur process adapts to changing market needs by optimizing RNG production and\nCarbon Intensity (CI) to meet customer requirements. \n\nBuy Your Carbon Credits Today\n\n## Leveraging Natural Systems\n\nThis innovative method leverages existing geologic formations and native\nmicrobial ecosystems to generate sustainable energy while capturing and\nstoring carbon dioxide.\n\n**Renewable Natural Gas:**\n\nAt Cowboy Clean Fuels, we are pioneering a revolutionary approach to producing\nRenewable Natural Gas\n\n[ Learn more about the benefits ](https://cowboycleanfuels.com/rng)\n\n**Durable Carbon Removal Credits:**\n\nOur innovative approach not only meets energy needs but also safeguards the\nplanet by actively removing carbon from the atmosphere\n\n[ Learn more about the benefits ](https://cowboycleanfuels.com/cdr)\n\n#### Our RNG **+CDR Process** stands out for its positive environmental\nimpact and technology innovation.\n\n## Company News\n\n[ ](https://conta.cc/4aL3kbi)\n\n**February 5, 2025**\n\n[ February 2025 Company Update ](https://conta.cc/4aL3kbi)\n\n[ ](https://cowboycleanfuels.com/company-news/cowboy-clean-fuels-and-tiger-\ntransfer-announce-partnership-at-upton-logistics-center/)\n\n**December 10, 2024**\n\n[ Cowboy Clean Fuels and Tiger Transfer Announce Partnership at Upton\nLogistics Center ](https://cowboycleanfuels.com/company-news/cowboy-clean-\nfuels-and-tiger-transfer-announce-partnership-at-upton-logistics-center/)\n\n[\n](https://www.buffalobulletin.com/news/article_43158922-7aae-11ef-b077-538d2f2ec3f7.html)\n\n**September 26, 2024**\n\n[ Cowboy Clean Fuels finds new use for old CBM Wells\n](https://www.buffalobulletin.com/news/article_43158922-7aae-11ef-b077-538d2f2ec3f7.html)\n\n[ ](https://cowboycleanfuels.com/company-news/biomass-carbon-removal-storage-\nmethodology/)\n\n**September 25, 2024**\n\n[ Cowboy Clean Fuels\u2019 Biomass Carbon Removal & Storage Plus Renewable Natural\nGas (BiCRS+RNG) Methodology ](https://cowboycleanfuels.com/company-\nnews/biomass-carbon-removal-storage-methodology/)\n\n## Connect with our journey\n\nStay up-to-date on news and breakthroughs of Cowboy Clean Fuels.\n\n## Contact Us\n\nFor more information on Cowboy Clean Fuels, please send us a message.\n\n\" * \" indicates required fields\n\n### OUR OFFICES\n\n[ 5680 Greenwood Plaza Blvd, Suite 500 \nGreenwood Village, CO 80111 ](https://maps.app.goo.gl/MCpXpjrui7Luvx357) [ 222\nS Gillette Ave, Suite 500 \nGillette, WY 82716 ](https://maps.app.goo.gl/n7ypK41aoydeQEWb9)\n\n * [ Tech Briefs ](/news#tech-briefs)\n * [ Methodology ](/process#methodology)\n * [ Company History ](/about#cowboy-history)\n\n * [ News ](https://cowboycleanfuels.com/news/)\n * [ Process ](https://cowboycleanfuels.com/process/)\n * [ Projects ](https://cowboycleanfuels.com/projects/)\n * [ Impact ](https://cowboycleanfuels.com/impact/)\n * [ About Us ](https://cowboycleanfuels.com/about/)\n\nFOLLOW OUR JOURNEY\n\n * [ __ ](https://www.facebook.com/cowboycleanfuels)\n * [ __ ](https://www.linkedin.com/company/cowboy-clean-fuels)\n * [ __ ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboycleanfuels/)\n\n[ ](https://cowboycleanfuels.com)\n\n\u00a9 2025 - Cowboy Clean Fuels. All Rights Reserved.\n\n[ Designed by ](https://thebarkfirm.com)\n\n",
"url": "https://cowboycleanfuels.com/"
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"page_content": "# Residential Trash & Recycling Pickup\n\n",
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"page_content": "# Bulk Trash Pickup\n\n",
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n**Cowboy Clean Fuels Announces Final Close of $13 Million Series B to\nCommercialize Technology for Scalable, Simultaneous Production of Renewable\nNatural Gas and Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide. **\n\nDENVER and GILLETTE, Wyo. , July 22, 2024 /PRNewswire/ \u2014 Cowboy Clean\nFuels (CCF), an advanced climate tech and energy transition company, is\npleased to announce the successful closing of approximately $13 million in\nSeries B equity financing. This funding will be pivotal in commercializing its\ngroundbreaking technology for the simultaneous production of renewable natural\ngas (RNG) and permanent sequestration of carbon dioxide, presenting a\nsignificant opportunity for investors in the growing renewable energy and\ncarbon markets.\n\nFounded in 2020, CCF utilizes depleted Coal Bed Methane (CBM) wells and\ninfrastructure in Wyoming\u2019s Powder River Basin to generate carbon-negative\nRNG from agricultural byproducts. These byproducts are converted into CO2 and\nrenewable methane through a biogenic process in deep, geologic coal\nformations. The commercialization of this technology, termed \u201cBiomass with\nCarbon Removal and Storage, plus Renewable Natural Gas (BiCRS+RNG),\u201d\nrepresents a scalable, capital-efficient solution in the renewable energy\nsector.\n\nThe Series B financing round was led by Houston -based Machan Investments,\nthe family office of former energy executive Dan Dinges . Cowboy Clean Fuels\nwas advised in the transaction by Syren Capital. Combined with $7.8 million\nin Energy Matching Funds (EMF) from the Wyoming Energy Authority (WEA), this\ncapital will support the development of CCF\u2019s first commercial project in\nWyoming , the Triangle Unit Renewable Energy and Carbon Capture and Storage\n(TRECCS) Project.\n\nWith approval for a Notice to Inject from the Wyoming Department of\nEnvironmental Quality (WDEQ), the TRECCS Project began commercial operations\nin early June. Since then, it has injected 15,000 barrels of mixed feedstock\nfor microbial conversion to methane and carbon dioxide. This marks a\nsignificant milestone as CCF advances towards full commercialization.\n\n**Investment Potential in Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) and Carbon Dioxide\nRemoval (CDR) Markets**\n\nRNG is one of the fastest-growing renewable energy markets in the United\nStates , offering a cost-effective decarbonization pathway for various\nindustrial processes. CCF\u2019s first project is expected to produce approximately\n600 million cubic feet of pipeline-ready RNG annually at full scale, providing\na lucrative opportunity for investors. The carbon dioxide removal market is\nalso rapidly gaining traction, with increasing recognition as crucial for\nachieving Net Zero goals. CCF\u2019s technology, developed by co-founder Dr.\nMichael Urynowicz and licensed from the University of Wyoming School of\nEnergy Resources, is ready for commercial deployment and can sequester\napproximately 180,000 metric tons of CO2e per year at scale.\n\n**Strategic Advantages and Market Differentiation**\n\nCCF\u2019s technology addresses the saturation in the conventional RNG market,\ndominated by anaerobic digesters at dairy farms, by offering a more scalable,\ncost-effective, and faster-to-deploy solution. The company\u2019s technology not\nonly generates renewable energy but also permanently sequesters carbon dioxide\nthrough a physical adsorption process that remains stable under naturally\noccurring hydrostatic pressure, ensuring long-term carbon removal.\n\n**Key Investment Highlights:**\n\n 1. The approximately $20 million in capital raised positions CCF to reach full scale by the end of 2025, potentially making it one of the largest global producers of both RNG and CDR credits. \n 2. The TRECCS Project showcases innovative technology developed in Wyoming , leveraging existing assets and positioning the state as a leader in renewable natural gas and carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS). \n 3. Scaling CCF\u2019s technology throughout the Powder River Basin could make Wyoming the largest producing state for RNG and sequestered CO2, benefiting the state\u2019s energy and agricultural industries, economy, and citizens. \n\nRyan Waddington , CEO of CCF, stated, \u201cWe are incredibly pleased to have\nsecured investment from some of the smartest and most experienced energy\nentrepreneurs, operators, and investors in the country. This capital, along\nwith the WEA matching funds, will enable us to fully commercialize the\nBiCRS+RNG process and realize the technology vision behind it, which is nearly\ntwenty years in the making.\u201d\n\nSusan Vick Dinges , Syren Capital, commented, \u201cCowboy\u2019s technology is coming\nto market at a critical juncture in both RNG and CDR markets. Demand for RNG\nis growing beyond the traditional transportation fuel markets, however\ntraditional RNG supply volumes are constrained and require higher end buyer\nprices to Cowboy. Similarly, demand for high quality, long duration carbon\nremoval is exploding, but at high costs \u2013 emerging solutions like DAC are not\nyet ready to deliver. The investor community recognized that Cowboy is ready\nto carve out a leadership position in both sectors by delivering both RNG and\nCDR attributes and credits to market in the near term \u2013 and with greater scale\nthan the competitive landscape.\u201d\n\nDan Dinges , Chairman of Machan Investments, added, \u201cWe have been impressed\nwith the company\u2019s continued progress since our initial investment in 2022 in\nall areas of regulatory, compliance, operations, commercial and refining\ndevelopment costs to add value to offtake buyers. Machan is excited to lead\nthis financing and bullishly support Cowboy\u2019s commercialization and scale up.\u201d\n\nDavid Kailbourne , CEO of REV LNG, LLC and Renewable Operations Company, LLC,\nalso remarked, \u201cI am looking forward to joining the Cowboy Board, and guiding\nthe management team as they work to achieve the next technology, commercial\nand market milestones for the company. Cowboy\u2019s leadership has done an\nexceptional job positioning the company for success on every dimension \u2013\ncommercially, they are unparalleled in scale to deliver RNG and sequester\ncarbon in the growing voluntary markets.\u201d\n\n## Connect with our journey\n\nStay up-to-date on news and breakthroughs of Cowboy Clean Fuels.\n\n## Contact Us\n\nFor more information on Cowboy Clean Fuels, please send us a message.\n\n\" * \" indicates required fields\n\n### OUR OFFICES\n\n[ 5680 Greenwood Plaza Blvd, Suite 500 \nGreenwood Village, CO 80111 ](https://maps.app.goo.gl/MCpXpjrui7Luvx357) [ 222\nS Gillette Ave, Suite 500 \nGillette, WY 82716 ](https://maps.app.goo.gl/n7ypK41aoydeQEWb9)\n\n * [ Tech Briefs ](/news#tech-briefs)\n * [ Methodology ](/process#methodology)\n * [ Company History ](/about#cowboy-history)\n\n * [ News ](https://cowboycleanfuels.com/news/)\n * [ Process ](https://cowboycleanfuels.com/process/)\n * [ Projects ](https://cowboycleanfuels.com/projects/)\n * [ Impact ](https://cowboycleanfuels.com/impact/)\n * [ About Us ](https://cowboycleanfuels.com/about/)\n\nFOLLOW OUR JOURNEY\n\n * [ __ ](https://www.facebook.com/cowboycleanfuels)\n * [ __ ](https://www.linkedin.com/company/cowboy-clean-fuels)\n * [ __ ](https://www.instagram.com/cowboycleanfuels/)\n\n[ ](https://cowboycleanfuels.com)\n\n\u00a9 2025 - Cowboy Clean Fuels. All Rights Reserved.\n\n[ Designed by ](https://thebarkfirm.com)\n\n",
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"summary": "This is a company news release from Cowboy Clean Fuels, explicitly mentioning the company and detailing their financing and commercial progress. As a primary source, it's highly relevant, though potentially biased in its presentation of information.",
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"source": "https://news.okstate.edu/magazines/state-magazine/articles/2020/winter/cowboy_way_alexis_washington_works_to_advance_inclusion_in_spears_school_of_business.html"
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"page_content": "Skip to main content\n\n# Cowboy Way: Alexis Washington works to advance inclusion in Spears School\nof Business\n\nThursday, December 17, 2020\n\n * Share \n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://news.okstate.edu/magazines/state-magazine/articles/2020/winter/cowboy_way_alexis_washington_works_to_advance_inclusion_in_spears_school_of_business.html)\n * [ Twitter ](https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https://news.okstate.edu/magazines/state-magazine/articles/2020/winter/cowboy_way_alexis_washington_works_to_advance_inclusion_in_spears_school_of_business.html)\n * [ Pinterest ](https://pinterest.com/pin/create/link/?url=https://news.okstate.edu/magazines/state-magazine/articles/2020/winter/cowboy_way_alexis_washington_works_to_advance_inclusion_in_spears_school_of_business.html&media=https://news.okstate.edu/magazines/state-magazine/images/2020-winter/119_thumb.jpg&description=With%20her%20love%20for%20diversity%20and%20passion%20for%20inclusion,%20Alexis%20Washington%20seamlessly%20fits%20into%20her%20new%20role%20as%20the%20senior%20inclusion%20officer%20for%20Oklahoma%20State%20University%E2%80%99s%20Spears%20School%20of%20Business.%20)\n\nWith her love for diversity and passion for inclusion, Alexis Washington\nseamlessly fits into her new role as the senior inclusion officer for Oklahoma\nState University\u2019s Spears School of Business.\n\n**Diverse Beginnings**\n\nGrowing up in Queens, New York, she experienced an inexhaustible assortment of\ncultures. Her Jamaican mother and her Guyanese father also cultivated her\nrespect for uniqueness. Washington\u2019s parents, who valued hard work and viewed\nAmerica as a land of opportunity, instilled an ambition for education and\nsuccess in her. Their support, paired with an AP psychology class in high\nschool, led her to Rice University, where she majored in psychology.\n\n**Journey to OSU**\n\nIn her last year at Rice, she heard a speaker from Tulane University\ndiscussing how the climate of diversity in a community can affect the climate\nof diversity in an organization. The topic fascinated her, so she headed to\nNew Orleans to study and earn her doctorate in organizational behavior at\nTulane. One of her professors, Bryan Edwards, moved to Oklahoma State after\nHurricane Katrina and reached out to her once she graduated. \u201cWhen I came to\nvisit, I was so overwhelmed with how kind everyone is here,\u201d Washington said.\n\u201cThat was exactly what I wanted for crafting a life for myself and my\ndaughter.\u201d\n\n**An Idea for Inclusion**\n\nIn Stillwater, she planted roots as an assistant professor in management in\n2012. Seven years later, she earned tenure and a promotion to associate\nprofessor. That led her to start brainstorming another career goal. Dean Ken\nEastman shared his vision with her to create a space in Spears for diversity\nand inclusion, and he wanted her to lead it. For months, they co-constructed\nand planned the role. Spears administration and department leaders backed the\nproject, and she was named the senior inclusion officer in summer 2020.\n\n**Moving Forward**\n\nNow she is focused on retaining the diversity OSU and Spears already have\nwhile ensuring students and faculty have the resources they need to build a\nsense of belonging. \u201cInclusion is a step beyond diversity \u2014 it\u2019s actually an\naction,\u201d Washington said. \u201cIt\u2019s making the people around us feel they are\nwelcome and a part of the group and that their uniqueness and experiences are\nwhat makes them wanted and welcome as a part of our team.\u201d\n\n * Share \n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://news.okstate.edu/magazines/state-magazine/articles/2020/winter/cowboy_way_alexis_washington_works_to_advance_inclusion_in_spears_school_of_business.html)\n * [ Twitter ](https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https://news.okstate.edu/magazines/state-magazine/articles/2020/winter/cowboy_way_alexis_washington_works_to_advance_inclusion_in_spears_school_of_business.html)\n * [ Pinterest ](https://pinterest.com/pin/create/link/?url=https://news.okstate.edu/magazines/state-magazine/articles/2020/winter/cowboy_way_alexis_washington_works_to_advance_inclusion_in_spears_school_of_business.html&media=https://news.okstate.edu/magazines/state-magazine/images/2020-winter/119_thumb.jpg&description=With%20her%20love%20for%20diversity%20and%20passion%20for%20inclusion,%20Alexis%20Washington%20seamlessly%20fits%20into%20her%20new%20role%20as%20the%20senior%20inclusion%20officer%20for%20Oklahoma%20State%20University%E2%80%99s%20Spears%20School%20of%20Business.%20)\n\n[ State magazine ](/tags/browse.html?tags=State%20magazine)\n\nBack To Top\n\n[ ](/)\n\n[ Oklahoma State University ](https://go.okstate.edu) \n[ Stillwater , OK 74078 ](https://goo.gl/maps/aJL1unybG942 \"Stillwater, OK\n74078\") \n[ Campus & Parking Maps ](https://maps.okstate.edu \"Click to view campus\nmap.\") \n[ (405) 744-5000 ](tel:14057445000)\n\n * [ Careers at OSU ](http://jobs.okstate.edu)\n * [ Hire OSU Grads ](http://hireosugrads.com)\n\n## OSU Institutions\n\n * [ Stillwater (Main) ](https://go.okstate.edu)\n * [ Oklahoma City ](https://osuokc.edu/)\n * [ Tulsa ](https://tulsa.okstate.edu/)\n * [ Center for Health Sciences (Tulsa) ](https://health.okstate.edu/)\n * [ Institute of Technology (Okmulgee) ](https://osuit.edu/)\n * [ Veterinary Medicine (Stillwater) ](https://vetmed.okstate.edu/)\n\n## Follow OSU\n\n[ News ](https://news.okstate.edu) [ Events ](https://calendar.okstate.edu) [\nInside OSU ](https://insideosu.com)\n\n[ Social Media Directory ](https://social.okstate.edu)\n\n[ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/pages/Oklahoma-State-\nUniversity/39013362306) [ Twitter ](https://twitter.com/okstate) [ Instagram\n](https://instagram.com/okstate) [ Linkedin\n](https://www.linkedin.com/school/6281/) [ Snapchat\n](https://www.snapchat.com/add/okstateu)\n\n[ OSU Athletics >> ](https://okstate.com)\n\nSVG directory not found.\n\n[ \u00a9\n](https://a.cms.omniupdate.com/11/?skin=okstate&account=okstate&site=news&action=de&path=/magazines/state-\nmagazine/articles/2020/winter/cowboy_way_alexis_washington_works_to_advance_inclusion_in_spears_school_of_business.pcf)\n\n *[\n OK\n ]: Oklahoma\n\n",
"url": "https://news.okstate.edu/magazines/state-magazine/articles/2020/winter/cowboy_way_alexis_washington_works_to_advance_inclusion_in_spears_school_of_business.html"
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"search_query": "company 'Cowboy' governance diversity inclusion",
"summary": "This article from Oklahoma State University's magazine discusses diversity and inclusion efforts within the Spears School of Business and refers to the university's mascot/nickname, the 'Cowboy'.",
"url": "https://news.okstate.edu/magazines/state-magazine/articles/2020/winter/cowboy_way_alexis_washington_works_to_advance_inclusion_in_spears_school_of_business.html"
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"page_content": "Please enable cookies.\n\n# Sorry, you have been blocked\n\n## You are unable to access www.aon.com\n\n## Why have I been blocked?\n\nThis website is using a security service to protect itself from online\nattacks. The action you just performed triggered the security solution. There\nare several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a\ncertain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data.\n\n## What can I do to resolve this?\n\nYou can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked. Please include\nwhat you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at\nthe bottom of this page.\n\nCloudflare Ray ID: **92d9f2ddeb02f535** \u2022 Your IP: 2600:1900:0:3701::d00 \u2022\nPerformance & security by [ Cloudflare ](https://www.cloudflare.com/5xx-\nerror-landing)\n\n",
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"page_content": " \nPic: Getty Images.\n\n#\n\n \nPic: Getty Images.\n\n# ** \n**\n\n**Wyoming Energy Authority to Provide Funding for Cowboy State Mine**\n\nUS _$7.1 Million Approved for American Rare Earths_\n\n**Cheyenne, WY** \u2013 The Wyoming Energy Authority announced today that American\nRare Earths (ARR) will receive US$7.1 million from Wyoming to support its\nCowboy State Mine in Halleck Creek, Wyoming.\n\nIn 2020, the Wyoming Legislature appropriated $12 million to support specific\nforms of energy research. The statute dictates, \u201cif funds remain after any\ngrant expenditures, remaining funds shall be deposited into an account and\navailable for expenditure by only the Wyoming Energy Authority subject to\napproval by the University of Wyoming Energy Resources Council and the\nGovernor for purposes of a rare earth pilot processing facility.\u201d These funds\nare now available and have been allocated to the American Rare Earths project.\n\n\u201cWe are thrilled to receive this support from the Wyoming Energy Authority,\nwhich not only represents technical validation of the project by industry\nexperts at the Energy Resources Council at the University of Wyoming and WEA,\nbut a shared commitment to permit and develop a commercial rare earth mine and\nprocessing facility in Wyoming,\u201d said Donald Swartz, CEO of American Rare\nEarths. \u201cThis funding announcement comes on the heels of our most recent\nproject update and this non-dilutive funding will be used to meet those\nobjectives.\n\nWyoming is committed to lead the U.S. energy industry and support like this is\nwhy the state has been so successful in attracting investment in exploration\nand mining across the resource sector. This grant will assist the Company in\nexpediting its project development of the Cowboy State Mine, and we are\nexcited for things to continue to progress.\u201d\n\n\u201cWyoming is investing in the future of the energy industry and exploring new\nopportunities,\u201d said WEA Executive Director Rob Creager. \u201cThe American Rare\nEarths Mine, supported through the Wyoming Energy Authority and the State of\nWyoming, will give us greater insight into potentially one of the largest\ndeposits of rare earth materials in the United States. And, like previous\ngrant recipients, we look forward to what this project will bring our state\nand nation.\u201d\n\n**###**\n\n**About Wyoming Energy Authority**\n\nThe Wyoming Energy Authority advances Wyoming\u2019s energy strategy by driving\ndata, technology, and infrastructure investments. Focusing on an \u201call-of-the-\nabove\u201d energy mix, the WEA\u2019s strategy includes products from our legacy\nindustries, along with the newer players of renewable energy and emerging\nopportunities in hydrogen, small modular nuclear, geothermal, and rare earth\nelements. The WEA was created in 2020 by the Wyoming State Legislature by\nmerging the Wyoming Infrastructure Authority and the Wyoming Pipeline\nAuthority.\n\n**About American Rare Earths Limited**\n\nAmerican Rare Earths (ASX: ARR | OTCQX: ARRNF | ADR: AMRRY) owns the Halleck Creek, WY rare earth deposit which has the potential to become the largest and most sustainable rare earth project in North America. The Company is developing environmentally friendly and cost-effective extraction and processing methods to meet the rapidly increasing demand for resources essential to the clean energy transition and US national security. The Company continues to evaluate other exploration opportunities and is collaborating with US Government-supported R&D to develop efficient processing and separation techniques of (REEs) elements to help ensure a renewable future. \n\n####\n\n__\n\n####\n\n[ Stockhead: Resources Top 4: ASX juniors pump on rare earths and copper\n](https://americanrareearths.com.au/stockhead-resources-top-4-asx-juniors-\npump-on-rare-earths-and-copper/)\n\n[ Cowboy State Daily: Australian Firm Test Drilling On $456 Million Rare\nEarths Project Near WheatlandWyoming Energy Authority Funding for Cowboy State\nMine ](https://americanrareearths.com.au/cowboy-state-daily-australian-firm-\ntest-drilling-on-456-million-rare-earths-project-near-wheatlandwyoming-energy-\nauthority-funding-for-cowboy-state-mine/)\n\n###### Australian Office\n\nSuite 706, Level 7, \n89 York Street \nSydney NSW 2000\n\nGPO BOX 1546, \nSydney NSW 2001\n\nPhone: +61 2 8054 9779\n\n###### Registered Office\n\nC/O Hall Chadwick \nLevel 40 \n2-26 Park Street \nSydney NSW 2000\n\n###### US Mailing Address\n\nWestern Rare Earths \n514 Grand Ave. #371 \nLaramie, WY 82070\n\n\u00a9 American Rare Earths. All Rights Reserved.\n\n#### Share This\n\n[ __\n](https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Wyoming%20Energy%20Authority%20Funding%20for%20Cowboy%20State%20Mine&url=https%3A%2F%2Famericanrareearths.com.au%2Fwyoming-\nenergy-authority-funding-for-cowboy-state-\nmine%2F&via=American%20Rare%20Earths) [ __\n](https://www.linkedin.com/cws/share?url=https://americanrareearths.com.au/wyoming-\nenergy-authority-funding-for-cowboy-state-mine/) [ __\n](mailto:?Subject=Wyoming%20Energy%20Authority%20Funding%20for%20Cowboy%20State%20Mine)\n\n#### Copy Link to Clipboard\n\n",
"url": "https://americanrareearths.com.au/wyoming-energy-authority-funding-for-cowboy-state-mine/"
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"reason": "This page explicitly mentions 'Cowboy State Mine'. While it doesn't refer to the specific 'Cowboy' company described, it is related to energy and resources in Wyoming, which could be relevant in a broader context. The reliability is moderate as it's a company announcement, potentially with some bias.",
"reliability_score": 0.6,
"search_query": "company 'Cowboy' energy efficiency",
"summary": "This page explicitly mentions 'Cowboy State Mine'. While it doesn't refer to the specific 'Cowboy' company described, it is related to energy and resources in Wyoming, which could be relevant in a broader context. The reliability is moderate as it's a company announcement, potentially with some bias.",
"url": "https://americanrareearths.com.au/wyoming-energy-authority-funding-for-cowboy-state-mine/"
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"source": "https://www.apa.org/pubs/reports/work-in-america/2023-workplace-health-well-being"
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"url": "https://www.apa.org/pubs/reports/work-in-america/2023-workplace-health-well-being"
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"reason": "The American Psychological Association (APA) is a credible source for information on psychology and well-being. The report provides insights into workplace health and well-being based on research and expert analysis.",
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"summary": "This webpage from the American Psychological Association (APA) provides insights into workplace health and well-being.",
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"source": "https://www.gallup.com/workplace/215924/well-being.aspx"
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"page_content": "**Notice:** JavaScript is not enabled. [ Please Enable JavaScript Safely\n](https://enable-javascript.com/) .\n\nskip to main content\n\nConsulting Expertise\n\n# Employee Wellbeing Is Key for Workplace Productivity\n\nWhen your employees' wellbeing is thriving, your organization directly\nbenefits -- they take fewer sick days, deliver higher performance, and have\nlower rates of burnout and turnover. But when your employees' wellbeing\nsuffers, so does your organization's bottom line.\n\nContact Us\n\nWhy Wellbeing Is Important\n\n## What is the cost of poor wellbeing?\n\nThe impact of wellbeing extends far beyond how people _feel_ \\-- it affects\nthe number of sick days employees take, their job performance, burnout and\nlikelihood of leaving your organization. Here are just some of the costs of\npoor wellbeing:\n\n75% **of medical costs** accrued mostly due to preventable conditions\n\n$20 million **of additional lost opportunity** for every 10,000 workers due\nto struggling or suffering employees\n\n$322 billion **of turnover and lost productivity cost globally** due to\nemployee burnout\n\n15% to 20% **of total payroll** in voluntary turnover costs, on average, due\nto burnout\n\nThe good news is that your organization can do something about it and take\nsteps to improve employee wellbeing.\n\nLearn More\n\n## What is wellbeing?\n\nWe take a holistic approach to wellbeing. It isn't just physical fitness or\neating well. It's about how people's lives are going.\n\nWellbeing encompasses all the things that are important to each of us and how\nwe experience our lives.\n\nWellbeing Assessment\n\n## How Gallup Measures Employee Wellbeing\n\nOur aim is to [ discover and quantify the difference ](/394424/indicator-\nemployee-well-being.aspx) between the best possible life -- and the\nalternative. Because wellbeing encompasses everything that is important to an\nindividual, we should measure and improve it so that people and their\norganizations can thrive. We've identified a metric you can use to track\nsuffering, struggling and thriving among your employees: Gallup Net Thriving.\n\nGallup Net Thriving is \"the other GDP\" for countries or \"the other stock\nprice\" for organizations. And much like stock price indicates current and\nfuture earnings, Gallup Net Thriving assesses the current and future\nresiliency of your workforce.\n\nGallup Net Thriving is derived from a simple, two-part question that sorts\npeople into one of three wellbeing categories:\n\n**Thriving:** people with positive views of their present life and of the next\nfive years\n\n**Struggling:** people who struggle in their present life and have uncertain\nor negative views of the future\n\n**Suffering:** people who report their lives are miserable and have negative\nviews of the future\n\nLearn More\n\nThe Five Elements of Wellbeing\n\n## What are the five common elements people need to thrive in their lives?\n\nIn partnership with leading economists, psychologists and other scientists, we\nstudied wellbeing in more than 98% of the world's population. The five common\nelements that people need to be thriving involve aspects of life that you can\n_do something about._\n\nWe find that the most important element -- and the foundation for the other\nfour -- is career wellbeing.\n\nLearn More\n\nCareer Wellbeing You like what you do every day.\n\nSocial Wellbeing You have meaningful friendships in your life.\n\nFinancial Wellbeing You manage your money well.\n\nPhysical Wellbeing You have energy to get things done.\n\nCommunity Wellbeing You like where you live.\n\nWellbeing & Engagement\n\n## Wellbeing affects employee engagement.\n\nWe know that engaged employees produce far better outcomes, but Gallup\nrecently discovered that engaged workers who _are not thriving in their lives_\nare much more vulnerable and add risk to your organization.\n\nComparing employees who are engaged but not thriving with those who are\nengaged _and_ thriving, those who aren't thriving report the following risks:\n\n61% higher likelihood of burnout often or always\n\n48% higher likelihood of daily stress\n\n66% higher likelihood of daily worry\n\nDouble the rate of daily sadness and anger\n\nThis relationship is also reciprocal. As mentioned, career wellbeing is the\nfoundation for the other wellbeing elements. And [ employee engagement\n](/workplace/285674/improve-employee-engagement-workplace.aspx) is the single\nbiggest driver of career wellbeing.\n\nIn the absence of a good job and fulfilling career, there is no net thriving.\nWhen organizations intentionally address both wellbeing and [ engagement\n](/workplace/229424/employee-engagement.aspx) , the effects are additive and\nmutually beneficial for employees and business outcomes alike.\n\nLearn More about how to help improve your wellbeing\n\nStrategic Partnership\n\n## Foster a culture of holistic wellbeing at your organization.\n\nDespite the sizable investments organizations make in wellbeing initiatives, a\ndisconnect persists. Help your employees confidently answer \"yes\" when asked\nif your organization cares about their wellbeing.\n\nWe partner with your organization to establish a workplace wellbeing strategy\nthat helps your people and your business -- all while aligned with your\norganization's unique purpose, brand and culture.\n\n1 in 4 U.S. employees strongly agree their organization cares about their\noverall wellbeing.\n\nOur Approach\n\n1\\. Diagnosing Needs\n\nWe help you identify wellbeing opportunities and understand the connections\namong wellbeing, processes and performance.\n\n2\\. Prioritizing Interventions\n\nWe help you prioritize wellbeing programs that align with employee needs, as\nsupported by the seven catalysts of wellbeing.\n\n3\\. Activating Behavior Change\n\nWe help you equip employees with the knowledge and tools to take a more\nholistic view of wellbeing and create an action plan for themselves and their\nteam.\n\nPartner with us about how to help improve your wellbeing today\n\nThe Seven Catalysts Of Wellbeing\n\n## Partner with employees to boost their wellbeing.\n\nWe've identified seven catalysts that employers can use to support and change\ntheir employees' wellbeing behaviors. Each of the seven catalysts can be used\nto address and better support employees across the five elements of wellbeing.\n\n**Development:** Do your development plans include wellbeing goals?\n\n**Recognition:** Do you share and celebrate wellbeing successes?\n\n**Communication:** Are your messages, especially from leaders and managers,\nconsistent with a high-performing and net thriving culture?\n\n**Incentives:** Do they inspire participation in activities that produce\nresults?\n\n**Events:** Do they build awareness of net thriving culture and change\nbehaviors?\n\n**Rules and Guidelines:** Do they work for or against thriving in each of the\nfive elements?\n\n**Facilities:** Is it easy to move around your office space, see outdoors and\ncollaborate?\n\nPartner with us about how to improve your wellbeing today\n\nWhat about employee mental health?\n\n\"All organizations should be concerned about employees' mental health. This is\nespecially true amid disturbing social trends, particularly in the U.S.\" --\n_Wellbeing at Work_ , 2021\n\nMental health is multifaceted and can mean different things to different\norganizations. We have studied how various workplace and life elements predict\nfuture mental health-related states. For example, we know that:\n\n * A culture of high engagement predicts lower likelihood of new incidents of depression and anxiety. \n * The five elements of wellbeing predict daily emotions and states of thriving, struggling and suffering. \n\nGallup can help organizations develop a workplace culture that reduces the\nrisk of mental health-related factors like stress and worry.\n\n\"Combining strengths and wellbeing at work is potentially the most\ntransformational treatment yet in the urgent pursuit of resiliency, mental\nhealth and ultimately, net thriving.\"\n\n\\-- Jim Harter, Ph.D.\n\n_[ Learn more about our book ](/workplace/336935/wellbeing-at-work.aspx) _ ,\nWellbeing at Work, and lead your organization to a thriving and resilient\nfuture.\n\n[ Learn More about our Wellbeing at Work book ](/workplace/336935/wellbeing-\nat-work.aspx)\n\n## Featured Insights\n\n[ View All ](https://www.gallup.com/topic/career_wellbeing.aspx)\n\nCalled to Coach\n\n### [ Discovering Your Career Path: Using Strengths to Find Your Passion\n](https://www.gallup.com/cliftonstrengths/en/547331/discovering-your-career-\npath-using-strengths-find-your-passion.aspx)\n\n[ Article ](/topic/article.aspx)\n\n### [ Employee Wellbeing Starts at Work\n](https://www.gallup.com/workplace/394871/employee-wellbeing-starts-work.aspx)\n\nCalled to Coach\n\n### [ How to Improve Your Career\n](https://www.gallup.com/cliftonstrengths/en/390320/how-to-improve-your-\ncareer.aspx)\n\nCalled to Coach\n\n### [ CliftonStrengths\u00ae Podcast Season 1 Launch: How to Improve Your Wellbeing\n](https://www.gallup.com/cliftonstrengths/en/388463/cliftonstrengths-\nwellbeing-series-launch.aspx)\n\n## Help improve wellbeing today.\n\nGet in touch with a Gallup expert to learn how we can help you measure and\nimprove employee wellbeing for better business outcomes.\n\n[ Gallup ](https://www.gallup.com/)\n\nCopyright \u00a9 2025 Gallup, Inc. All rights reserved.\n\n",
"url": "https://www.gallup.com/workplace/215924/well-being.aspx"
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"reason": "Gallup is a reputable source for workplace research and data-driven insights. The page provides well-researched information on employee well-being.",
"reliability_score": 0.9,
"search_query": "company 'Cowboy' employee well-being",
"summary": "This webpage from Gallup discusses the importance of well-being in the workplace.",
"url": "https://www.gallup.com/workplace/215924/well-being.aspx"
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"source": "https://www.esgtoday.com/cowboy-clean-fuels-raises-13-million-to-simultaneously-produce-biofuel-remove-co2/"
},
"page_content": "__\n\n * [ __ ](https://twitter.com/EsgToday)\n * [ __ ](https://www.facebook.com/ESGToday/)\n * [ __ ](https://www.linkedin.com/company/esg-today/)\n\n[ __ ](https://www.esgtoday.com/feed/)\n\n[ ](https://www.esgtoday.com/cowboy-clean-fuels-raises-13-million-to-\nsimultaneously-produce-biofuel-remove-co2/)\n\n[ Environment ](https://www.esgtoday.com/category/esg-news/environment/) / [\nPrivate Equity & Venture Capital ](https://www.esgtoday.com/category/esg-\nnews/private-equity/)\n\n# [ Cowboy Clean Fuels Raises $13 Million to Simultaneously Produce Biofuel,\nRemove CO2 ](https://www.esgtoday.com/cowboy-clean-fuels-raises-13-million-to-\nsimultaneously-produce-biofuel-remove-co2/)\n\n[ Susan Lahey ](https://www.esgtoday.com/author/susan-lahey/) July 23, 2024\n\nClimate solutions startup Cowboy Clean Fuels (CCF) announced that it has\nraised approximately $13 million at the closing of a Series B equity financing\nround, with proceeds aimed at commercializing its solution to simultaneously\nproduce clean fuel and remove CO2.\n\nFounded in 2020, Colorado-based CCF provides technology offering both geologic\ncarbon removal & sequestration and renewable natural gas (RNG) production. The\ncompany\u2019s solution\n\nutilizes depleted Coal Bed Methane (CBM) wells and infrastructure in Wyoming\u2019s\nPowder River Basin to generate carbon-negative RNG from agricultural\nbyproducts. These byproducts are converted into CO2 and renewable methane\nthrough a biogenic process in deep, geologic coal formations. The company said\nthe commercialization of this technology, termed \u201cBiomass with Carbon Removal\nand Storage, plus Renewable Natural Gas (BiCRS+RNG),\u201d represents a scalable,\ncapital-efficient solution in the renewable energy sector.\n\nRNG, or biomethane, is produced from organic waste, such as agricultural,\nindustrial, and household wastes, and is chemically identical to fossil-based\nnatural gas, enabling it to support the decarbonization of hard-to-abate\nsectors such as road transport and heavy industry, without needing to replace\nexisting transmission and distribution infrastructure.\n\nThe financing round was led by Houston-based Machan Investments, the family\noffice of former energy executive Dan Dinges and, combined with $7.8 million\nin Energy Matching Funds (EMF) from the Wyoming Energy Authority (WEA).\n\nRyan Waddington, CEO of CCF, said:\n\n> \u201cWe are incredibly pleased to have secured investment from some of the\n> smartest and most experienced energy entrepreneurs, operators, and investors\n> in the country. This capital, along with the WEA matching funds, will enable\n> us to fully commercialize the BiCRS+RNG process and realize the technology\n> vision behind it, which is nearly twenty years in the making.\u201d\n\nAccording to the company, the financing will support the development of CCF\u2019s\nfirst commercial project in Wyoming, the Triangle Unit Renewable Energy and\nCarbon Capture and Storage (TRECCS) Project. CCF said the new capital will\nposition it to reach full scale by the end of 2025, potentially making it one\nof the largest global producers of both RNG and CDR credits. The TRECCS\nProject, which began commercial operations in early June, has injected 15,000\nbarrels of mixed feedstock for microbial conversion to methane and carbon\ndioxide.\n\nDan Dinges, Chairman of Machan Investments, said:\n\n> \u201cWe have been impressed with the company\u2019s continued progress since our\n> initial investment in 2022 in all areas of regulatory, compliance,\n> operations, commercial and refining development costs to add value to\n> offtake buyers. Machan is excited to lead this financing and bullishly\n> support Cowboy\u2019s commercialization and scale up.\u201d\n\n#### Susan Lahey\n\nSusan Lahey started her career as a business reporter for The Kansas City Star\nand has worked as a freelancer covering business, investment, technology,\nsustainability and science for numerous publications. She has also worked as a\nwriter and editor for publicly funded projects mandating environmental cleanup\nof a molybdenum mine in Northern New Mexico; and recovery and resiliency\nmeasures following Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico. Recently she worked as\nDirector of Communications for a European wave energy company.\n\n#### Related Posts\n\n[ ](https://www.esgtoday.com/epa-issues-first-permit-to-store-dac-captured-\nco2-to-oxy/)\n\n[ Environment ](https://www.esgtoday.com/category/esg-news/environment/) /\n\n# [ EPA Issues First Permit to Store DAC-Captured CO2 to Oxy\n](https://www.esgtoday.com/epa-issues-first-permit-to-store-dac-captured-\nco2-to-oxy/ \"EPA Issues First Permit to Store DAC-Captured CO2 to Oxy\")\n\n[ ](https://www.esgtoday.com/carbon-equity-raises-e105-million-for-climate-\ntech-fund/)\n\n[ Private Equity & Venture Capital ](https://www.esgtoday.com/category/esg-\nnews/private-equity/) /\n\n# [ Carbon Equity Raises \u20ac105 Million for Climate Tech Fund\n](https://www.esgtoday.com/carbon-equity-raises-e105-million-for-climate-tech-\nfund/ \"Carbon Equity Raises \u20ac105 Million for Climate Tech Fund\")\n\n[ ](https://www.esgtoday.com/eu-cuts-emissions-in-key-carbon-intensive-\nsectors-in-half-since-2005/)\n\n[ Environment ](https://www.esgtoday.com/category/esg-news/environment/) /\n\n# [ EU Cuts Emissions in Key Carbon Intensive Sectors in Half Since 2005\n](https://www.esgtoday.com/eu-cuts-emissions-in-key-carbon-intensive-sectors-\nin-half-since-2005/ \"EU Cuts Emissions in Key Carbon Intensive Sectors in Half\nSince 2005\")\n\n[ \u2039 Cleantech Startup CarbonBlue Raises $10 Million to Scale Up Water-Based\nCO2 Removal Technology ](https://www.esgtoday.com/cleantech-startup-\ncarbonblue-raises-10-million-to-scale-up-water-based-co2-removal-technology/)\n[ \u203a Private Equity Investor NGP Launches $500 Million Energy Transition Real\nAssets Strategy ](https://www.esgtoday.com/private-equity-investor-ngp-\nlaunches-500-million-energy-transition-real-assets-strategy/)\n\nBack to Top\n\n * [ __ ](https://twitter.com/EsgToday)\n * [ __ ](https://www.facebook.com/ESGToday/)\n * [ __ ](https://www.linkedin.com/company/esg-today/)\n\n * [ Home ](https://www.esgtoday.com/)\n * [ About us ](https://www.esgtoday.com/sample-page/)\n * [ Disclosure, cookies & privacy policy ](https://www.esgtoday.com/terms-of-service-cookies-and-privacy-policy/)\n\n\u00a9 [ ESG Today ](https://www.esgtoday.com) 2025\n\n## Don't miss the top ESG stories!\n\nJoin the ESG Today daily newsletter and get all the top ESG stories, like this\none.\n\nSubscribe now below!\n\n## You have Successfully Subscribed!\n\n * Never miss the latest breaking ESG investment news. Get ESG Today\u2019s newsletter today! \n\n[ Subscribe Now ](https://www.esgtoday.com/esg-\nnewsletter/?utm_source=esgtoday&utm_medium=email-header&utm_id=email-signup)\n\nc\n\n",
"url": "https://www.esgtoday.com/cowboy-clean-fuels-raises-13-million-to-simultaneously-produce-biofuel-remove-co2/"
},
"reason": "This article explicitly mentions Cowboy Clean Fuels and reports on their $13 million funding round for biofuel production and CO2 removal. The source, ESG Today, focuses on environmental, social, and governance factors, suggesting a reputable and relevant context.",
"reliability_score": 0.8,
"search_query": "company 'Cowboy' energy efficiency",
"summary": "This article explicitly mentions Cowboy Clean Fuels and reports on their $13 million funding round for biofuel production and CO2 removal. The source, ESG Today, focuses on environmental, social, and governance factors, suggesting a reputable and relevant context.",
"url": "https://www.esgtoday.com/cowboy-clean-fuels-raises-13-million-to-simultaneously-produce-biofuel-remove-co2/"
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"source": "https://www.mercer.com/en-jo/solutions/health-and-benefits/employee-well-being-programs/"
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"page_content": "# Improve the well-being of your people and the resilience of your business\n\nEmployee health and well-being influences productivity, safety, business\ncontinuity, employer brand, organisational performance and benefit costs.\n\nTalk to a specialist\n\n * * * \n\n## It is imperative for companies\u2019 overall benefit strategies to include\nhealth and well-being as critical elements, while considering that diverse\nsegments of the workforce will require tailored solutions.\n\n* * *\n\n## How organisations can build effective employee health programmes\n\nThe health and well-being of your workforce is critical to the success of the\nbusiness. What\u2019s more, when employees have access to a wide range of benefits,\nthey tend to be healthier, more productive, and more loyal.\n\nOur [ Health on Demand 2023 report ](/en-jo/insights/total-rewards/employee-\nbenefits-strategy/health-on-demand-2023-survey-report/) found that 72% of\nemployees with access to 10 or more benefits are more likely to stay with\ntheir employer, and 88% feel their employer cares about their health and\nwellbeing, while 82% say they are thriving in their current role.\n\nSo how can you ensure your employee well-being programme meets the needs of\nyour workforce?\n\nIt\u2019s important to address the four main areas of wellness:\n\n## Transform your employees\u2019 health and benefits experience\n\nThe future of work depends on healthy, focused employees. As medical costs\ncontinue to rise, now is the time to consider bold new measures to deliver\nmaximum value and balance healthcare cost concerns with empathy and employee\nengagement.\n\nOn the one hand, organisations must keep costs to a minimum and protect the\nbottom line, while also meeting changing regulations, managing complex risk\nexposures, and simplifying programme administration for HR teams who are\nincreasingly feeling the pressure.\n\nOrganisations also want to invest in their people \u2014 attracting and retaining\nthe best talent and giving their employees benefits that truly benefit\nthemselves and their loved ones.\n\nWe understand the importance of balancing both. Too often this balancing act\nis viewed as an \"either/or\u201d. But we see it differently. When both sides of the\nequation are in sync, you create a virtuous circle whereby one reinforces the\nother \u2014 and your people and business emerge stronger.\n\nWorkplace well-being programmes are effective tools in improving your\nemployee\u2019s productivity, health and well-being. Key components include access\nto high-quality, accessible and affordable health care, the use of digital\nhealth to engage employees in a more personalised, social and convenient\nmanner as well as evaluating ways of working to help manage psychosocial\nrisks.\n\nBusiness leaders who adopt a human-centred design method that utilises data to\ndrive decisions on what employees in their company need, will create a\nprogramme that improves workforce engagement, boosts organisation-wide culture\nand morale, as well as reduces risk of injury or harm.\n\nA sound employee well-being programme starts with listening to employees and\nengaging the business on how health impacts the business. Using proven\nmethodologies and analytical tools, we can help you build a roadmap with\ntransformative solutions.\n\n> We\u2019ve seen many times that the more healthy and robust a workplace culture,\n> the less prescriptive policies need to be. This is why it is crucial to have\n> a healthy and safe culture that provides a platform for employees to\n> innovate, collaborate and perform. Improved productivity is a welcome\n> consequence, with happier and more fulfilled experiences at work.\n\nHerv\u00e9 Balzano\n\nPresident, Health at Mercer and Mercer Marsh Benefits Leader\n\n## Getting started\n\nWe work with you to develop a programme that can help:\n\n## How Mercer Marsh Benefits can help\n\nWe help companies in every industry around the world achieve a win-win\noutcome. Our unmatched, on-the ground presence means we offer deep local\nrelevance at a global scale. We\u2019re an industry leader in health benefits\nprogrammes, but we think and act like a challenger to deliver the best\nsolutions for your people.\n\nWith our market-leading technology, we\u2019re able to create benefits experiences\nthat enable your employees to make faster, smarter choices that are right for\nthem and their loved ones. But our approach doesn\u2019t just benefit your\nemployees, it also benefits you. We\u2019ll give you better insight into and\ncontrol over your programmes.\n\nFinally, our local specialists are there for you and for your people.\n\nWe simplify processes, minimise administration, and deliver long-term\nefficiencies, while never losing sight of the goal: benefits that truly\nbenefit. \n\n**We can help you:**\n\n * Better understand the profile and needs of your employees. \n * Identify the health and wellness benefits that are most valued by your workforce. \n * Build plans that include preventative healthcare and overall well-being. \n * Tackle mental, physical, social, and financial well-being through a holistic strategy. \n * Demonstrate a return on your wellness benefits investment. \n\n * ### Mental health support ****\n\nOur mental health diagnostic, strategy and implementation support helps you\ncreate a culture of health and provide a full spectrum of mental health\nsupport, to strategically manage people risks.\n\n * ### Medical plan design \n\nWe help you maximise the value from your benefit plan with design tactics to\nencourage high-quality care. We go beyond market practice to incorporate\nfeatures that make programmes more inclusive and address common gaps such as\nmental health.\n\n * ### Digital health and well-being \n\nUse best-in-class digital health programmes and our front-door digital\nsolutions to supplement traditional well-being programmes and advance ESG\ngoals.\n\n * ### Inclusive benefits \n\nOur inclusive benefits solutions help you accelerate your diversity, equity\nand inclusion journey by making sure your benefit programmes support the full\nworkforce.\n\n * ### Disability management \n\nWe help assess your rehabilitation and return-to-work programmes and practices\nto get employees back to work as soon as possible following illness or injury\nand to create workplaces that focus on individuals\u2019 abilities.\n\n * ### Cost management \n\nBalancing cost and empathy in employee benefits packages can help you improve\nfinances, reduce risk, and boost employee satisfaction and retention.\n\n## Related insights\n\n* * *\n\n## Speak with one of our team today\n\nLearn how we can help you with your employee well-being programmes. \n\n[ Download (PDF) now ]()\n\n[ ](https://www.marshmclennan.com/)\n\n * [ Marsh ](https://www.marsh.com/us/home.html)\n * [ GuyCarpenter ](https://www.guycarp.com/)\n * [ Mercer ](https://www.mercer.com/)\n * [ OliverWyman ](https://www.oliverwyman.com/index.html)\n\nMarsh McLennan is the leader in risk, strategy and people, helping clients\nnavigate a dynamic environment through four global businesses.\n\n * [ Terms of Use ](https://www.mercer.com/en-jo/footer/terms-of-use/ \"Terms of Use\")\n * [ Privacy Notice ](https://www.mercer.com/en-jo/footer/privacy-notice/ \"Privacy Notice\")\n * [ Accessibility ](https://www.mercer.com/en-jo/footer/mercer-accessibility-statement/ \"Accessibility\")\n * [ Cookie Notice ](https://www.mercer.com/en-jo/footer/mercer-cookie-notice/ \"Cookie Notice\")\n\n * [ Twitter ](https://twitter.com/mercer \"Twitter\")\n * [ LinkedIn ](https://www.linkedin.com/company/mercer \"LinkedIn\")\n\n\u00a9 Mercer LLC. All Rights Reserved.\n\n",
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"page_content": "[ ](/)\n\nTopic: Employee Experience\n\n[ Resources ](/resources)\n\n\u00c2 >\u00c2\n\n[ Articles ](https://www.octanner.com/resources?radio-type=Article)\n\n# Improving Employee Wellbeing: 5 Strategies to Combat Burnout at Work\n\nInsights from\n\n,\n\nUpdated on\u00c2\n\nMarch 17, 2025\n\n17\n\n\u00c2\n\nMarch\n\n\u00c2\n\n2025\n\n## Contents\n\nExample H2\n\nExample H3\n\nExample H4\n\nStay in the Know\n\nSubscribe to our communications\n\nThank you for subscribing.\n\nThe world of work has changed dramatically and organizations struggle to\nattract and retain top talent\u00e2\u0080\u0094especially diverse talent. For HR leaders to\nreach their hiring and retention goals, and organizations to reach their\ngrowth goals, they need a more holistic view of employee wellbeing. This\nincludes their diverse employees.\n\nThere\u00e2\u0080\u0099s plenty of quantitative research on the importance of diversity,\nequity, and inclusion in the workforce. Organizations with diverse workforces\nenjoy [ increased financial performance, innovation, and creativity\n](https://archive.hshsl.umaryland.edu/bitstream/handle/10713/15730/BC%20-%20Race%20EBS%20FINAL.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y)\n. They also experience lower attrition and can better mitigate the high costs\nof turnover.\n\nWhile most companies approach DEI through changes in hiring, promotion,\npersonal development, and other policies, HR leaders must go beyond that and\ndig deep into ensuring and improving another DEI need\u00e2\u0080\u0094employee\nwellbeing\u00e2\u0080\u0094especially in diverse groups where burnout can run rampant.\n\n> **Organizations with diverse workforces enjoy increased financial\n> performance, innovation, and creativity. \n> \u00e2\u0080\u0094 ** Boston College Center for Work and Family\n\n## What is employee wellbeing?\n\nEmployee wellbeing is the capacity employees have to work through day-to-day\nstressors, be productive, maintain their proficiency, and seek their\npotential. Employee wellbeing is a hot topic in today\u00e2\u0080\u0099s HR circles because\nwellbeing research shows that employees in good health are more likely to\ndeliver optimal performance in the workplace. Optimal performance drives\nproductivity, efficiency, and organizational growth.\n\n### What does employee wellbeing look like?\n\nEmployees need both mental and physical wellness to thrive. Those who succeed\nin both areas report not only having a better quality of life, but also\nbenefit from having a lower risk of disease, illness, and injury. This leads\nto increased work productivity and a greater likelihood of contributing to\ncorporate wellbeing culture.\n\nWellbeing as a corporate strategy ensures that employees are able to\ncontribute their best while navigating the myriad challenges that impact how\nthey live, work, and relate to others.\n\n### Why is employee wellbeing important?\n\nEmployee wellbeing can drive [ meaningful change\n](https://hbr.org/2022/03/supporting-the-well-being-of-your-underrepresented-\nemployees) within any work culture. But it\u00e2\u0080\u0099s imperative that business\nleaders address employees\u00e2\u0080\u0099 total wellbeing. This not only includes their\nphysical, mental, emotional, and financial health, but also work-life balance\nand social equity.\n\nFor example, [ HBR ](https://hbr.org/2021/10/women-do-more-to-fight-burnout-\nand-its-burning-them-out) reported last year that 42% of women and 35% of men\nin corporate America have felt burned out in the last few months (up from 32%\nand 28% respectively last year). And 1 out of every 3 women surveyed have\nconsidered downshifting or leaving the workforce altogether. These figures\ncome from McKinsey and LeanIn.org\u00e2\u0080\u0099s latest [ Women in the Workplace report\n](https://womenintheworkplace.com/) , which surveyed 65,000 people across the\nU.S.\n\n## Employee burnout\n\nIt\u00e2\u0080\u0099s always good to consider burnout when developing a comprehensive\nemployee wellbeing program, but after more than two years of a global\npandemic, it\u00e2\u0080\u0099s more important than ever. Check out these troubling [\nemployee burnout statistics ](https://www.apa.org/monitor/2022/01/special-\nburnout-stress) :\n\n * 79% of employees experienced work-related stress in the past month \n * 44% report physical fatigue from work-related stress \n * 32% report emotional exhaustion from work \n * While the average employee says they are \u00e2\u0080\u009cfine\u00e2\u0080\u009d 14 times each week when asked how they are doing, they are [ lying almost 20% of the time ](https://www.cnbc.com/2021/09/23/the-future-of-work-is-here-employee-burnout-needs-to-go.html)\n * 70% of employees feel their [ employers aren\u00e2\u0080\u0099t doing enough ](https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/pages/about-deloitte/articles/burnout-survey.html) to prevent or mitigate burnout at work \n\n\u00c2 \u00c2 \u00c2 \u00c2 \u00c2\n\nDiverse employees suffer more from a lack of belonging and burnout.\n\nBurnout hits diverse groups especially hard when they\u00e2\u0080\u0099re regularly told to\nwork harder and be smarter. The statistics are staggering for even the most\ntalented employees, who identify as [ \u00e2\u0080\u009cdifferent\u00e2\u0080\u009d in some way ](/global-\nculture-report/2021/inclusion.html) :\n\n * 126% more likely to suffer from severe burnout \n * 38% less likely to feel a sense of belonging \n\nDiverse employees also experience more microaggressions leading to the\n\u00e2\u0080\u009coutsider\u00e2\u0080\u009d experience.\n\nOur [ Global Culture study ](/global-culture-report/2021/inclusion.html) found\nminority employees experience microaggressions at work far more frequently\nthan other employees. Microaggressions are generally small, commonplace\nindignities, intentional or unintentional. They may take the form of jokes,\nnegative comments, backhanded compliments, derogatory questions, or any other\nminor insult, verbal and nonverbal.\n\n * 76% more likely to experience a microaggression from a leader \n * 144% more likely to experience a microaggression from a senior leader \n * 95% more likely to experience microaggressions from peers \n\nFinally, diverse employee stressors lead to faster burnout.\n\nTo support employee wellbeing, leaders also need to understand and address the\nunique life challenges diverse employees face\u00e2\u0080\u0094which can vary from country to\ncountry.\n\nIt starts with understanding the link between DEI and wellbeing. For example,\nin the U.S.:\n\n * Police killings contribute to [ 1.7 additional ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6376989/) poor mental health days for Black Americans. \n * American Indigenous or Alaska Native (AIAN) people are more than twice as likely to grow up [ uninsured ](https://www.cancer.org/content/dam/cancer-org/research/cancer-facts-and-statistics/annual-cancer-facts-and-figures/2022/2022-special-section-aian.pdf) than their white counterparts, leaving many without access to healthcare. Consequently, AIAN people have a [ higher prevalence ](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07370016.2019.1665320) of many chronic health conditions than those from any other racial or ethnic group. \n * LGBTQ individuals are [ 2.5 times ](https://www.kff.org/report-section/health-and-access-to-care-and-coverage-lgbt-individuals-in-the-us-health-challenges/) more likely to experience depression, anxiety, and substance misuse than non-LGBTQ individuals, yet they face significant [ discrimination ](https://www.americanprogress.org/article/discrimination-prevents-lgbtq-people-accessing-health-care/) in healthcare access that leads them to avoid seeking care, putting their mental health at risk. \n\nThese stats can vary from diverse groups in various countries around the\nglobe. For more on this, check out O.C. Tanner\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Global Culture Report on [\nInclusion ](https://www.octanner.com/global-culture-report/2021-inclusion) .\n\nThe good news is that HR leaders can identify the root causes of burnout and\nunhealthy employee wellbeing and work to eradicate them, leading to a\nhealthier, more productive team.\n\n### What are the causes of employee burnout?\n\nThe causes of burnout can and do vary from person to person depending on their\nbackground, trauma, and outside stressors. But [ research shows\n](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/229593830_The_process_of_burnout_in_white-\ncollar_and_blue-collar_jobs_Eight-year_prospective_study_of_exhaustion) there\nare some universal reasons for burnout. Things like:\n\n * Lack of appreciation \n * Conflicts on the team \n * Not having a well-defined role \n * Job stress \n\nO.C. Tanner research revealed that [ poor workplace culture leads to a 157%\nincrease ](/global-culture-report/2020/burnout.html) in burnout rates. Reasons\nfor burnout that stem from organizational culture issues can include:\n\n * Poor leadership \n * Lack of purpose \n * No opportunity for growth or development \n * Not feeling appreciated \n * Poor work-life balance \n\n[ Deloitte ](https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/pages/about-\ndeloitte/articles/burnout-survey.html) finds the top driver of burnout is lack\nof support and recognition from leadership\u00e2\u0080\u0094ranking higher than unrealistic\ndeadlines and consistently working long hours. Listen to our webinar [\n\u00e2\u0080\u009cBurnout Is More Than Exhaustion\"\n](https://www.octanner.com/webinars/burnout-is-more-than-exhaustion-how-\nleaders-can-create-resiliency) for more in-depth information on employee\nburnout.\n\n### What are the benefits of employee wellbeing?\n\nStudies show there are universal benefits to employee wellbeing. They include:\n\n * Better overall health, which drives down insurance and absentee costs \n * Increased employee engagement and productivity, which drives revenue and growth \n * Improved organizational culture, which leads to a better employee experience and the ability to acquire top talent \n * Improved working relationships and attitudes of and about diverse employees, which leads to more innovative and creative problem-solving within your teams and better teamwork overall \n\n> **+48% Increase in odds of burnout when the amount of recognition given to\n> employees is reduced.** \n> \u00e2\u0080\u0093 [ Global Culture Report ](https://www.octanner.com/global-culture-\n> report/2022-recognition) , O.C. Tanner\n\n## 5 ways to enhance employee wellbeing\n\nWhat are some strategies you can implement to gain the benefits of employee\nwellbeing? Turns out it\u00e2\u0080\u0099s not the physical work environment or the actual\nwork that causes burnout. It\u00e2\u0080\u0099s the absence of the essential cultural\nelements that employees need to thrive at work: purpose, opportunity, success,\nappreciation, wellbeing, and leadership. And diverse groups need a strong\nculture that not only meets these requirements but also addresses individual\ncultural needs, worries, and concerns. With that in mind, let\u00e2\u0080\u0099s look at five\nstrategies to fight burnout and improve employee wellbeing in a diverse\nworkforce.\n\n### 1\\. Empower employees to identify and solve workplace problems\n\nOpen up the opportunity for employees to participate in workplace\nimprovements. Giving employees the power to educate and create a more\ninclusive culture can be an effective approach to fostering their wellbeing. [\nResearch ](https://hbr.org/2021/10/7-strategies-to-improve-your-employees-\nhealth-and-well-being) has shown that employees who were invited to\nparticipate in a structured process of identifying and addressing problems in\ntheir workplace exhibited decreased rates of burnout and increases in job\nsatisfaction. And employees who were offered opportunities to problem-solve\ntogether were also less likely to say they wanted to leave their jobs\u00e2\u0080\u0094a key\nbenefit for organizations trying to retain valuable employees.\n\n### 2\\. Take steps to foster a sense of social belonging among employees\n\nOffering opportunities for employees to develop open, supportive relationships\nwith their colleagues can be an important strategy for increasing employee\nwellbeing. Studies have shown that [ such relationships at work\n](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11051526/) are associated with lower\npsychological distress, an indicator of poor mental health.\n\nFostering a sense of social belonging doesn\u00e2\u0080\u0099t have to be complex or\nexpensive. In fact, one of the best ways to foster social belonging is to show\nappreciation. Everyone wants to feel valued and appreciated for their work,\nand that can cause a sense of belonging and connection with their peers.\n\nThe opposite is also true. When employees aren\u00e2\u0080\u0099t recognized, they can become\ncynical and feel their work and efforts don\u00e2\u0080\u0099t matter. When the amount of\nrecognition given to employees is reduced, it increases the odds of burnout by\n[ 48% ](/culture-glossary/glossary.html) .\n\nCombat this by ensuring recognition is given frequently and for a variety of\nreasons. It\u00e2\u0080\u0099s important not to just recognize the end result. Leaders should\ngive recognition along the way for ongoing effort, above and beyond work,\ncareer achievements, and team accomplishments. Ensure peers have the ability\nto recognize one another too, as leaders don\u00e2\u0080\u0099t always see all the great work\nemployees are doing.\n\nAn easy way to ensure all employees are recognized for their work regularly is\nto launch a company-wide recognition program that allows employees to be\nrecognized often and in a personal way. Tools like [ O.C. Tanner\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Culture\nCloud ](/products/culture-cloud.html) enable leaders and peers to give on-the-\nspot recognition whenever employees do great work.\n\n### 3\\. Equip managers with the tools they need to support employees\u00e2\u0080\u0099\npersonal challenges\n\nIt\u00e2\u0080\u0099s been discovered that employees who are also caregivers for children or\nelderly parents can benefit from supervisors who are more supportive of the\nchallenges they face when balancing their work and personal lives. One study\nin [ nursing homes ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3526833/)\nreported that employees whose managers were more considerate of their family\nhad fewer risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Studies in [ healthcare\n](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26652264/) and [ grocery store\n](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20853943/) settings have examined training\nprograms for managers to increase family-supportive behaviors, with promising\nfindings for work-life balance and health. [ Employers also benefited\n](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26652264/) because workers whose managers\nhad this training reported higher job satisfaction, better job performance,\nand less interest in leaving their jobs.\n\nAs part of this strategy, human resources can help leadership understand how\nto model good wellbeing habits.\n\n### 4\\. Ensure workloads are equitable and reasonable\n\nHigh work demands\u00e2\u0080\u0094like long hours or pressure to work very hard or\nfast\u00e2\u0080\u0094can take a substantial toll on employee health and wellbeing. In fact,\nnumerous studies find that high demands coupled with low control create health\nrisks, including higher rates of symptoms of [ depression\n](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28122650/) , [ high blood pressure\n](https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/abs/10.2105/AJPH.2012.301153) , and [\ncardiovascular disease ](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0067323) .\n\nStaffing up in today\u00e2\u0080\u0099s tight talent market may be difficult and expensive,\nbut employers also pay a real price when employees burn out, are absent, or\nquit.\n\n### 5\\. Empower employees to control when and how they work\n\nEmployees with little control over how work gets done not only have poorer\nmental health but also [ higher rates of heart disease\n](https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.314.7080.558) . Even worse, when you combine\nhigh work demands and low job control, you significantly increase the risks of\n[ diabetes ](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0067323) and [ death from\ncardiovascular causes ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC129630/)\n. Even relatively small changes in worker autonomy can make a difference in\nemployee wellbeing.\n\nPrimary research on [ hybrid and flexible work ](/global-culture-\nreport/2022/hybrid-workplace.html) from the O.C. Tanner Global Culture Report\nsupports this. It showed a 41% increased likelihood of engagement when workers\nhave flexibility in where and how they work. Employees with flexibility in\ntheir schedule and location are not only 41% more engaged but are also 71%\nmore likely to stay, and about eight times more likely to be a promoter on the\neNPS scale.\n\n> **41% increased likelihood of engagement when workers have flexibility in\n> where and how they work. \n> \u00e2\u0080\u008d ** \u00e2\u0080\u0093 [ Global Culture Report, ](https://www.octanner.com/global-\n> culture-report/2022-hybrid-workplace) Hybrid Workplace, O.C. Tanner\n\n \nCareful thought and planning can help drive wellbeing in the workplace \n\nThe benefits of both employee wellbeing and diversity are important. The trick\nis to ensure wellbeing issues like burnout, cultural insensitivity, or empathy\nand support for caregiving employees are included in organizational diversity,\nequity, and inclusion efforts. Adding culture enhancements like equipping\nmanagers with the tools they need, offering flexibility, and equalizing\nworkload, as well as hiring and training leaders who help employees feel\nconnected, help them grow and develop, and get to know employees as people\nwill help.\n\nThen remember to show appreciation and empower employees to identify and solve\nworkplace problems. Together, these efforts will ensure your diverse workforce\nis happy, healthy, and connected.\n\n**Ready to create a positive company culture? Check out O.C. Tanner\u00e2\u0080\u0099s** [\n**Culture Cloud** ](/products/culture-cloud.html) **.**\n\nCookie\n\nDownload PDF\n\nDownload the PDF\n\nDownload PDF\n\ntop\n\nAbout The AUTHOR:\n\nrelated Resources\n\n### Make Every Job Transition a Life-Changing Experience for Your People\n\n###\n\n###\n\n###\n\n###\n\n###\n\nSee how to onboard and create transformative job transitions for all employees\nin new roles, not just new hires.\n\nArticle\n\nEmployee Experience\n\n[ ](/articles/transformative-job-transitions)\n\n###\n\n### Chevron: Rewarding Human Energy Around the World\n\n###\n\n###\n\n###\n\n###\n\nSee how Chevron recognizes employees around the world in a unified, equitable\nway.\n\nClient Stories\n\nEmployee Recognition\n\n[ ](/client-stories/chevron)\n\n###\n\n###\n\n###\n\n### Maximizing Employee Wellness: Crafting Your Health Strategy and Total\nRewards Plan\n\n###\n\n###\n\nLearn what the latest workforce data tells us about the state of employee\nwellbeing and mental health and get recommendations for elevating your Total\nRewards programs.\n\nWebinar\n\nHR Trends\n\n[ ](/webinars/effective-workplace-wellness-programs-with-personify-health)\n\n[ ](/)\n\nPlatform\n\n[ Culture Cloud ](/products/culture-cloud)\n\n[ Resources ](/resources) [ Global Culture Report ](/global-culture-report) [\nEmployee Recognition ](https://www.octanner.com/topics/employee-recognition) [\nEmployee Experience ](https://www.octanner.com/topics/employee-experience) [\nCompany Culture ](https://www.octanner.com/topics/company-culture) [\nLeadership ](https://www.octanner.com/topics/leadership) [ Recognition Buyer's\nGuide ](https://www.octanner.com/articles/get-executive-support-for-employee-\nrecognition)\n\nCompany\n\n[ About Us ](/company/about-us) [ Institute ](/company/institute) [ Events\n](/events) [ Careers ](/company/careers) [ Press ](/company/press) [ Our\nCommitment ](/company/our-commitment) [ Contact Us ](/contact-us/choose)\n\n[ India Legal ](/legal/india-legal)\n\nFeatured Content\n\n[ Selecting the Right Employee Recognition Partner ](/articles/selecting-\nemployee-recognition-partner)\n\n[ How to Research Top Employee Recognition Providers ](/articles/research-top-\nrecognition-providers)\n\n[ Prioritize Your Employee Recognition Goals ](/articles/prioritize-your-\nemployee-recognition-goals)\n\nStay in the Know\n\nSubscribe to our communications\n\nThank you for subscribing.\n\n[ ](https://twitter.com/octanner) [ ](https://www.linkedin.com/company/o-c--\ntanner) [ ](https://www.facebook.com/octannercompany/) [\n](https://www.youtube.com/user/octannercompany)\n\nWe acknowledge the Traditional Owners of Country across Australia and pay our\nrespects to their Elders past, present and future. 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"page_content": "[ Report ](https://www.epi.org/types/report/) | [ Health ](https://www.epi.org/research/health/)\n\n# Unions are not only good for workers, they\u2019re good for communities and for\ndemocracy : High unionization levels are associated with positive outcomes\nacross multiple indicators of economic, personal, and democratic well-being\n\n[ Report ](https://www.epi.org/types/report/) \u2022 By [ Asha Banerjee\n](https://www.epi.org/people/asha-banerjee/) , [ Margaret Poydock\n](https://www.epi.org/people/margaret-poydock/) , [ Celine McNicholas\n](https://www.epi.org/people/celine-mcnicholas/) , [ Ihna Mangundayao\n](https://www.epi.org/people/ihna-mangundayao/) , and [ Ali Sait\n](https://www.epi.org/people/ali-sait/) \u2022 December 15, 2021\n\n[ Download PDF ](https://files.epi.org/uploads/236748.pdf)\n\n[ Press release ](https://www.epi.org/press/high-unionization-levels-are-\nassociated-with-greater-economic-personal-and-democratic-well-being/)\n\n[\n](https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/bluesky?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.epi.org%2Fpublication%2Funions-\nand-well-\nbeing%2F&linkname=Unions%20are%20not%20only%20good%20for%20workers%2C%20they%E2%80%99re%20good%20for%20communities%20and%20for%20democracy%3A%20High%20unionization%20levels%20are%20associated%20with%20positive%20outcomes%20across%20multiple%20indicators%20of%20economic%2C%20personal%2C%20and%20democratic%20well-\nbeing \"Bluesky\") [\n](https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.epi.org%2Fpublication%2Funions-\nand-well-\nbeing%2F&linkname=Unions%20are%20not%20only%20good%20for%20workers%2C%20they%E2%80%99re%20good%20for%20communities%20and%20for%20democracy%3A%20High%20unionization%20levels%20are%20associated%20with%20positive%20outcomes%20across%20multiple%20indicators%20of%20economic%2C%20personal%2C%20and%20democratic%20well-\nbeing \"Facebook\") [ ](https://www.addtoany.com/share)\n\nWe know that unions promote economic equality and build worker power, helping\nworkers to win increases in pay, better benefits, and safer working\nconditions.\n\nBut that\u2019s not all unions do. Unions also have powerful effects on workers\u2019\nlives outside of work.\n\nIn this report, we document the correlation between higher levels of\nunionization in states and a range of economic, personal, and democratic well-\nbeing measures. In the same way unions give workers a voice at work, with a\ndirect impact on wages and working conditions, the data suggest that unions\nalso give workers a voice in shaping their communities. Where workers have\nthis power, states have more equitable economic structures, social structures,\nand democracies.\n\n#### Income and economic protections\n\nWe find that, on average, the 17 U.S. states with the highest union densities:\n\n * have state minimum wages that are on average 19% higher than the national average and 40% higher than those in low-union-density states \n * have median annual incomes $6,000 higher than the national average \n * have higher-than-average unemployment insurance recipiency rates (that is, a higher share of those who are unemployed actually receive unemployment insurance) \n\n#### Health and personal well-being\n\nWe find that the states with the highest union densities:\n\n * have an uninsured (without health insurance) population 4.5 percentage points lower, on average, than that of low-union-density states \n * have all elected to expand Medicaid under the Affordable Care Act, protecting their residents from falling into the \u201ccoverage gap\u201d \n * are more likely to have passed paid sick leave laws and paid family and medical leave laws than states with lower union densities \n\n#### Democracy\n\nWe find that:\n\n * Significantly fewer restrictive voting laws have been passed in the 17 highest-union-density states than in the middle 17 states (including D.C.) and the 17 lowest-union-density states. \n * Over 70% of low-union-density states passed at least one voter suppression law between 2011 and 2019. \n\n## Background\n\nA wealth of scholarship documents the positive effects unions have for\nworkers, both those who are unionized and those who are not. We summarize\nthese below.\n\n**Higher wages and decreased income inequality.** On average, a worker covered\nby a union contract earns 10.2% more in wages than a peer with similar\neducation, occupation, and experience in a nonunionized workplace in the same\nindustry (EPI 2021e). This wage advantage is known as the \u201cunion wage\npremium.\u201d But unions don\u2019t just help union workers\u2014they help all workers\n(Bivens et al. 2017). When union density is high, nonunion workers benefit,\ntoo, because unions effectively set broader standards\u2014including higher\nwages\u2014which nonunion employers must meet to attract and retain the workers\nthey need (Rosenfeld, Denice, and Laird 2016; Mishel 2021). The combination of\nthe direct wage effect for union members and this \u201cspillover\u201d effect for\nnonunion workers means unions are crucial to raising wages for working people\nand reducing income inequality (Card 1996, 2001; Card, Lemieux, and Riddell\n2018).\n\n**Reduced wage gaps.** Unions also help to reduce gender and racial/ethnic\nwage gaps. Hourly wages for women represented by a union are 4.7% higher on\naverage than for nonunionized women with comparable characteristics (EPI\n2021d), and research looking at specific cases suggests that unions reduce\ngender wage gaps for similar jobs within a given workplace (Gould and\nMcNicholas 2017). For example, Biasi and Sarsons (2020) show that the\nexpiration of teacher collective bargaining agreements led to an increase in\nthe wage gap between men and women with similar credentials, implying that the\nterms of the collective bargaining agreement had previously helped to minimize\nsuch wage gaps. Unions have also historically helped and continue to help\nclose wage gaps for Black and Hispanic workers (Farber et al. 2021). Black\nworkers represented by a union are paid 13.1% more than their nonunionized\nBlack peers, and Hispanic workers represented by a union are paid 18.8% more\nthan their nonunionized Hispanic peers (EPI 2021d).\n\n**Increased government revenue and decreased government spending.**\nUnionization has a range of positive economic impacts in addition to\ndecreasing wage inequality and closing gender and race wage gaps. Sojourner\nand Pacas (2018) find that union membership yields a positive \u201cnet fiscal\nimpact\u201d\u2014or, to put it simply, unionized workers have more income and therefore\npay more taxes. Unions pave the way for more income and wealth-building for\nworkers and therefore more revenue for the government.\n\nSojourner and Pacas (2018) also find that unionized workers use fewer public\nbenefits. Higher incomes allow workers and their families to be less dependent\non government benefits, and unions also help workers win benefits such as\nhealth insurance from their employers.\n\n**Employer-sponsored benefits including health insurance, retirement, and paid\nleave.** Union workers are far more likely than nonunion workers to be covered\nby employer-provided health insurance. More than nine in 10 unionized workers\nhave access to employer-sponsored health benefits, compared with just 68% of\nnonunion workers, and union employers contribute more to their employees\u2019\nhealth care benefits (EPI 2021d). Furthermore, union employers are more likely\nto offer retirement plans and to contribute more toward those plans than\ncomparable nonunion employers. Union workers are also more likely to have paid\nsick days, vacation and holidays, more input into the number of hours they\nwork, and more predictable schedules (EPI 2021d).\n\n**Strengthened health and safety.** Unions also improve the health and safety\nof workplaces by providing health insurance and paid sick time, requiring\nsafety equipment, and empowering workers to report unsafe conditions without\nfear of retaliation (Zoorob 2018; Amick et al. 2015). So-called right-to-work\nlegislation that weakens unions has been associated with a roughly 14%\nincrease in the rate of occupational fatalities (Zoorob 2018).\n\n**Increased civic engagement and broader community benefits.** Beyond wages,\nbenefits, and safety, recent scholarship shows the indirect effect unions have\non people\u2019s political and personal attitudes and on the broader community and\neconomy as a whole. Frymer and Grumbach (2021) find that union membership\nreduces white racial resentment. Feigenbaum, Hertel-Fernandez, and Williamson\n(2019) analyze the relationship between unions and political advocacy,\nspecifically on policies related to worker empowerment and economic justice.\nThey find that weakening unions (through the enactment of \u201cright-to-work\u201d\nlaws) has significant long-term political and economic effects, such as lower\nvoter turnout, lowered organized labor contributions, less voter mobilization,\nfewer working-class candidates serving in state legislatures and Congress, and\nmore conservative state policy. These political consequences undoubtedly\naffect not only the communities in which they take place, but also the broader\neconomy, as the chosen candidates enact economic policies.\n\n\u2014\u2014\n\nOur analysis in this report supports this existing scholarship on unions. The\nstrong relationship between union density and a range of economic, personal\nwell-being, and democratic outcomes is consistent with the idea that unions\nfocus the political power of workers and result in the advancement and defense\nof policies that benefit the broad interests of workers, their families, and\ntheir communities.\n\nThe data we analyze across a wide range of indicators support the notion that\nthrough advocating for higher wages and better benefits for members and, more\ngenerally, by mobilizing and building grassroots coalitions and acting as one\nof the main countervailing forces against rising corporate concentration,\nunions act as a channel for producing and cementing positive economic, health,\nand democratic outcomes in the communities in which they are active.\n\n## Methodology: How we measure union density\n\nFirst, a brief note on how we measure union density at the state level. In\nthis report, we categorize union density as the share of workers in a state\nwho are members of a union or covered by a collective bargaining agreement.\nUnion density data are averaged across states from 2015 to 2019 to give a more\naccurate estimate of state unionization rates and avoiding temporary single-\nyear changes. We end at 2019 to avoid any potential distortions related to the\n2020\u20132021 COVID-19 pandemic and ensuing recession. We draw our data from the\nEconomic Policy Institute extracts 1 of the Current Population Survey (CPS)\nOutgoing Rotation Group (ORG), a nationally representative monthly survey of\nU.S. households conducted by the Census Bureau on behalf of the Bureau of\nLabor Statistics.\n\nFor the purposes of this analysis, we divide the 50 U.S. states, plus the\nDistrict of Columbia, into three groups based on their level of union density.\nThese groupings are shown in **Table 1** : The 17 states with the highest\nunion densities are \u201chigh-union-density\u201d states (with 13.5%\u201324.7% of workers\ncovered); the next 17 states (including D.C.) are \u201cmedium-union-density\u201d\nstates (with 8.3%\u201313.3% of workers covered); and the remaining 17 are \u201clow-\nunion-density\u201d states (with 3.2%\u20137.7% of workers covered).\n\n**Figure A** depicts the data from Table 1 in map form. While there are some\nregional clusters within the density groups, unionization rates vary\nnationwide.\n\nTable 1\n\n#### Share of workers represented by a union ranges from 3.2% in South\nCarolina to 24.7% in New York : Union density of the 50 U.S. states plus\nD.C., in descending order and grouped into high-, medium-, and low-union-\ndensity states\n\nHigh union density | Medium union density | Low union density \n---|---|--- \nNY | 24.7% | PA | 13.3% | WY | 7.7% \nHI | 23.0% | VT | 12.6% | MS | 7.5% \nAK | 19.9% | MD | 12.2% | OK | 7.3% \nWA | 19.5% | WV | 12.1% | FL | 7.3% \nCT | 17.3% | KY | 11.8% | ND | 6.9% \nRI | 17.3% | NH | 11.7% | SD | 6.8% \nNJ | 16.8% | DC | 11.2% | ID | 6.3% \nCA | 16.7% | DE | 11.2% | TN | 6.2% \nMI | 15.8% | MO | 10.7% | AZ | 6.1% \nOR | 15.6% | CO | 10.6% | VA | 5.9% \nNV | 15.5% | IN | 10.3% | LA | 5.8% \nIL | 15.3% | KS | 10.3% | AR | 5.8% \nMN | 15.2% | AL | 9.6% | UT | 5.6% \nME | 13.9% | IA | 9.6% | TX | 5.5% \nOH | 13.7% | WI | 9.0% | GA | 5.1% \nMA | 13.6% | NE | 8.8% | NC | 3.9% \nMT | 13.5% | NM | 8.3% | SC | 3.2% \n \n**Notes:** Union density is defined as the share of workers in the state who\nare represented by a union, including union members and other workers who\nare covered by a union contract, based on the variable \u201cunion\u201d from EPI\nextracts of CPS-ORG microdata.\n\nUnion density is defined as the share of workers in the state who are\nrepresented by a union, including union members and other workers who are\ncovered by a union contract, based on the variable \u201cunion\u201d from EPI\nextracts of CPS-ORG microdata. We average union density data across 2015 to\n2019 for each state to give a more accurate estimate of states\u2019 typical\nunionization rates over time. We do not include data beyond 2019 in our\naverages, to avoid any potential distortions related to the 2020\u20132021 COVID-19\npandemic and ensuing recession.\n\n__\n\n**Source:** EPI analysis of 2015\u20132019 Current Population Survey Outgoing\nRotation Group (CPS-ORG) microdata for all workers ages 16 and older.\n\n__ Share on Facebook [ __ Tweet this chart\n](https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Share+of+workers+represented+by+a+union+ranges+from+3.2%25+in+South+Carolina+to+24.7%25+in+New+York%3A+Union+density...&url=https%3A%2F%2Fgo.epi.org%2FlGhP)\n\n__ Embed\n\nCopy the code below to embed this chart on your website.\n\n__\n\n[ __ Download image ](https://files.epi.org/charts/img/238043-29137.png)\n\nFigure A\n\n#### Unionization varies widely by state : Union density by state,\n2015\u20132019 average\n\n**This interactive feature is not supported in this browser.**\n\nPlease use a modern browser such as Chrome or Firefox to view the map.\n\n * [ Click here to download Google Chrome. ](https://www.google.com/intl/en/chrome/browser/)\n * [ Click here to download Firefox. ](http://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/new/)\n\nClick here to view a limited version of the map.\n\nState | Union density 2015\u20132019 | Category \n---|---|--- \nNew York | 24.7% | High density \nHawaii | 23.0% | High density \nAlaska | 19.9% | High density \nWashington | 19.5% | High density \nConnecticut | 17.3% | High density \nRhode Island | 17.3% | High density \nNew Jersey | 16.8% | High density \nCalifornia | 16.7% | High density \nMichigan | 15.8% | High density \nOregon | 15.6% | High density \nNevada | 15.5% | High density \nIllinois | 15.3% | High density \nMinnesota | 15.2% | High density \nMaine | 13.9% | High density \nOhio | 13.7% | High density \nMassachusetts | 13.6% | High density \nMontana | 13.5% | High density \nPennsylvania | 13.3% | Medium density \nVermont | 12.6% | Medium density \nMaryland | 12.2% | Medium density \nWest Virginia | 12.1% | Medium density \nKentucky | 11.8% | Medium density \nNew Hampshire | 11.7% | Medium density \nDistrict of Columbia | 11.2% | Medium density \nDelaware | 11.2% | Medium density \nMissouri | 10.7% | Medium density \nColorado | 10.6% | Medium density \nIndiana | 10.3% | Medium density \nKansas | 10.3% | Medium density \nAlabama | 9.6% | Medium density \nIowa | 9.6% | Medium density \nWisconsin | 9.0% | Medium density \nNebraska | 8.8% | Medium density \nNew Mexico | 8.3% | Medium density \nWyoming | 7.7% | Low density \nMississippi | 7.5% | Low density \nOklahoma | 7.3% | Low density \nFlorida | 7.3% | Low density \nNorth Dakota | 6.9% | Low density \nSouth Dakota | 6.8% | Low density \nIdaho | 6.3% | Low density \nTennessee | 6.2% | Low density \nArizona | 6.1% | Low density \nVirginia | 5.9% | Low density \nLouisiana | 5.8% | Low density \nArkansas | 5.8% | Low density \nUtah | 5.6% | Low density \nTexas | 5.5% | Low density \nGeorgia | 5.1% | Low density \nNorth Carolina | 3.9% | Low density \nSouth Carolina | 3.2% | Low density \n \nChart Data __ Download data\n\nThe data below can be saved or copied directly into Excel.\n\n__\n\nThe data underlying the figure.\n\n**Notes:** Union density is defined as the share of workers in the state who\nare represented by a union, including union members and other workers who are\ncovered by a union contract, based on the variable \u201cunion\u201d from EPI extracts\nof CPS-ORG microdata.\n\nUnion density is defined as the share of workers in the state who are\nrepresented by a union, including union members and other workers who are\ncovered by a union contract, based on the variable \u201cunion\u201d from EPI extracts\nof CPS-ORG microdata. We average union density data across 2015 to 2019 for\neach state to give a more accurate estimate of states\u2019 typical unionization\nrates over time. We do not include data beyond 2019 in our averages, to avoid\nany potential distortions related to the 2020\u20132021 COVID-19 pandemic and\nensuing recession.\n\n__\n\n**Source:** EPI analysis of 2015\u20132019 Current Population Survey Outgoing\nRotation Group (CPS-ORG) data for all workers ages 16 and older.\n\n__ Share on Facebook [ __ Tweet this chart\n](https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Unionization+varies+widely+by+state%3A+Union+density+by+state%2C+2015%E2%80%932019+average&url=https%3A%2F%2Fgo.epi.org%2Fu0ez)\n\n__ Embed\n\nCopy the code below to embed this chart on your website.\n\n__\n\n[ __ Download image ](https://files.epi.org/charts/img/238316-29138.png)\n\n## Economic well-being\n\nThe first category of well-being we examine is economic well-being, broadly\ndefined as working people having the means to support themselves. We look at\nthe relationship between union density and three indicators related to\neconomic security and stability: the minimum wage, median income, and the\nunemployment insurance (UI) recipiency rate. We find that states with higher\nunion density have consistently higher minimum wages, incomes, and UI\nrecipiency rates than states with lower union density.\n\n### Minimum wage\n\nFor most people, salary and wages are the main source of income used to cover\ncost of living. State minimum wages establish a wage floor for the minimum\nhourly wage employers must pay workers in that state. More than half of U.S.\nstates have passed laws raising their minimum wage above the federal minimum\n(EPI 2021b). Laws that increase a state\u2019s minimum wage directly boost the pay\nof the lowest-paid workers\u2014who too often have little bargaining power\u2014by\neffectively shifting the wage negotiation from one between an employer and an\nindividual worker to one between employers and the broader community. Since\nrelative pay plays an important role in wage setting, minimum wages also have\nan indirect effect on wages above the minimum, by raising the base of\ncomparison for higher earners (Spriggs and Klein 1994). The \u201cripple effect,\u201d\nin which employers give nonmandated raises to maintain a similar wage\nstructure after a change in the wage floor (through minimum wage legislation,\nfor example), also has an outsized impact on workers (Wicks-Lim 2006).\n\nWhile worker productivity has risen over the years, growth of real wages and\nincomes has been slow or stagnant for most working people for most of the last\nfour decades (EPI 2021c). In the four decades through 2019, low-wage workers\n(those at the 10th percentile of the wage distribution, that is, those who\nmake less than 90% of all workers) saw their wages rise only 3.3% in\ninflation-adjusted terms, compared with a rise of 15.1% for the median worker\n(right in the middle of all wage earners) and 63.2% for high-wage workers\n(those at the 90th percentile, who make more than 90% of all workers) (Gould\n2020a). Workers being paid the federal minimum wage, currently $7.25 per hour,\nhave actually seen a 30% _fall_ in their inflation-adjusted earnings over the\nlast 50 years (Shierholz 2021). **Figure B** depicts the geographic variation\nof union density and 2021 state minimum wages.\n\nFigure B\n\n#### Union density and minimum wages by state\n\nState | State minimum wage (2021) | Union density (2015\u20132019 average) \n---|---|--- \nNew York | $12.50 | 24.7% \nHawaii | $10.10 | 23.0% \nAlaska | $10.34 | 19.9% \nWashington | $13.96 | 19.5% \nConnecticut | $13.00 | 17.3% \nRhode Island | $11.50 | 17.3% \nNew Jersey | $12.00 | 16.8% \nCalifornia | $14.00 | 16.7% \nMichigan | $9.65 | 15.8% \nOregon | $12.75 | 15.6% \nNevada | $9.75 | 15.5% \nIllinois | $11.00 | 15.3% \nMinnesota | $10.08 | 15.2% \nMaine | $12.15 | 13.9% \nOhio | $8.80 | 13.7% \nMassachusetts | $13.50 | 13.6% \nMontana | $8.75 | 13.5% \nPennsylvania | $7.25 | 13.3% \nVermont | $11.75 | 12.6% \nMaryland | $11.75 | 12.2% \nWest Virginia | $8.75 | 12.1% \nKentucky | $7.25 | 11.8% \nNew Hampshire | $7.25 | 11.7% \nWashington D.C. | $15.20 | 11.2% \nDelaware | $9.25 | 11.2% \nMissouri | $10.30 | 10.7% \nColorado | $12.32 | 10.6% \nIndiana | $7.25 | 10.3% \nKansas | $7.25 | 10.3% \nAlabama | $7.25 | 9.6% \nIowa | $7.25 | 9.6% \nWisconsin | $7.25 | 9.0% \nNebraska | $9.00 | 8.8% \nNew Mexico | $10.50 | 8.3% \nWyoming | $7.25 | 7.7% \nMississippi | $7.25 | 7.5% \nOklahoma | $7.25 | 7.3% \nFlorida | $8.56 | 7.3% \nNorth Dakota | $7.25 | 6.9% \nSouth Dakota | $9.45 | 6.8% \nIdaho | $7.25 | 6.3% \nTennessee | $7.25 | 6.2% \nArizona | $12.15 | 6.1% \nVirginia | $9.50 | 5.9% \nLouisiana | $7.25 | 5.8% \nArkansas | $11.00 | 5.8% \nUtah | $7.25 | 5.6% \nTexas | $7.25 | 5.5% \nGeorgia | $7.25 | 5.1% \nNorth Carolina | $7.25 | 3.9% \nSouth Carolina | $7.25 | 3.2% \n \n**Notes:** Union density is defined as the share of workers in the state who\nare represented by a union, including union members and other workers who are\ncovered by a union contract, based on the variable \u201cunion\u201d from EPI extracts\nof CPS-ORG microdata.\n\nUnion density is defined as the share of workers in the state who are\nrepresented by a union, including union members and other workers who are\ncovered by a union contract, based on the variable \u201cunion\u201d from EPI extracts\nof CPS-ORG microdata. We average union density data across 2015 to 2019 for\neach state to give a more accurate estimate of states\u2019 typical unionization\nrates over time. We do not include data beyond 2019 in our averages, to avoid\nany potential distortions related to the 2020\u20132021 COVID-19 pandemic and\nensuing recession.\n\n__\n\n**Sources:** EPI analysis of 2015\u20132019 Current Population Survey Outgoing\nRotation Group (CPS-ORG) microdata for all workers ages 16 and older; [ EPI\nMinimum Wage Tracker ](https://www.epi.org/minimum-wage-tracker/) , updated\nAugust 2021.\n\n__ Share on Facebook [ __ Tweet this chart\n](https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Union+density+and+minimum+wages+by+state&url=https%3A%2F%2Fgo.epi.org%2FlHLa)\n\n__ Embed\n\nCopy the code below to embed this chart on your website.\n\n__\n\n[ __ Download image ](https://files.epi.org/charts/img/237783-29139.png)\n\nUnions have played a central role in organizing and mobilizing campaigns to\nincrease state and local minimum wages. The Service Employees International\nUnion (SEIU), for example, has had a crucial role in the successful national\nFight for $15 campaign (Greenhouse 2015). A recent report by the National\nEmployment Law Project estimated that since 2012, Fight for $15 has helped\nraise wages for nearly 26 million workers, winning over $150 billion in\nadditional income (Lathrop, Lester, and Wilson 2021).\n\nAs **Figure** **C** shows, the high-union-density states (listed in Table 1)\nhave a higher average state minimum wage ($11.40) than the medium- and low-\nunion-density states (at $9.22 and $8.10, respectively). The average minimum\nwage in the high-union-density states is $3.31 higher\u2014or more than 40%\nhigher\u2014than in the low-union-density states.\n\nFigure C\n\n#### Average state minimum wage is 40% higher in high-union-density states\nthan in low-union-density states : Average minimum wages in high-, medium-,\nand low-union-density states\n\nUnion density | Average minimum wage \n---|--- \nHigh | $11.40 \nNational average | $9.57 \nMedium | $9.22 \nLow | $8.10 \n \nChart Data __ Download data\n\nThe data below can be saved or copied directly into Excel.\n\n__\n\nThe data underlying the figure.\n\n**Notes:** Minimum wage data are current as of 2021. Union density is defined\nas the share of workers in the state who are represented by a union, including\nunion members and other workers who are covered by a union contract, based on\nthe variable \u201cunion\u201d from EPI extracts of CPS-ORG microdata. Low-union-density\nstates are the 17 states with the lowest average union densities from\n2015\u20132019 (all less than 8%). Medium-union-density states are the 17 states\n(including D.C.) in the middle of the union-density rankings (with union\ndensities ranging from 8.3% to 13.3%). High-union-density states are the 17\nstates with the highest average union densities from 2015\u20132019 (greater than\nor equal to 13.5%). See Table 1 for more detail about these groupings.\n\nMinimum wage data are current as of 2021. Union density is defined as the\nshare of workers in the state who are represented by a union, including union\nmembers and other workers who are covered by a union contract, based on the\nvariable \u201cunion\u201d from EPI extracts of CPS-ORG microdata. Low-union-density\nstates are the 17 states with the lowest average union densities from\n2015\u20132019 (all less than 8%). Medium-union-density states are the 17 states\n(including D.C.) in the middle of the union-density rankings (with union\ndensities ranging from 8.3% to 13.3%). High-union-density states are the 17\nstates with the highest average union densities from 2015\u20132019 (greater than\nor equal to 13.5%). See Table 1 for more detail about these groupings. We\naverage union density data across 2015 to 2019 for each state to give a more\naccurate estimate of states\u2019 typical unionization rates over time. We do not\ninclude data beyond 2019 in our averages, to avoid any potential distortions\nrelated to the 2020\u20132021 COVID-19 pandemic and ensuing recession.\n\n__\n\n**Sources:** EPI analysis of 2015\u20132019 Current Population Survey Outgoing\nRotation Group (CPS-ORG) microdata for all workers ages 16 and older; [ EPI\nMinimum Wage Tracker ](https://www.epi.org/minimum-wage-tracker/) , updated\nAugust 2021.\n\n__ Share on Facebook [ __ Tweet this chart\n](https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Average+state+minimum+wage+is+40%25+higher+in+high-\nunion-density+states+than+in+low-union-\ndensity+states%3A...&url=https%3A%2F%2Fgo.epi.org%2Fnk2x)\n\n__ Embed\n\nCopy the code below to embed this chart on your website.\n\n__\n\n[ __ Download image ](https://files.epi.org/charts/img/237498-29125.png)\n\nBlack, Hispanic, and Asian American/Pacific Islander women\u2014along with Black\nand brown workers as a whole, who have long been overrepresented in low-wage\nservice sectors\u2014have benefited disproportionately from these efforts (Banks\n2019). Historically, expansions of the minimum wage have also contributed to\nclosing racial wage gaps (Derenoncourt and Montialoux 2021). In the present,\nminimum wage campaigns, which are strongly backed by unions, have played a\nsignificant role in raising incomes and lowering wage disparities for workers\nof color (Lathrop, Lester, and Wilson 2021).\n\n### Median household income\n\nAnother key related economic well-being indicator is annual median household\nincome. Income is useful to examine alongside minimum wages because it gives\nus a picture of what the typical working household actually earns over the\ncourse of a year, not just the minimum employers are required to pay an\nindividual worker.\n\nWe observe a clear, positive relationship between unionization and median\nhousehold income across states. The national median income was $69,720 in\n2019. As **Figure D** shows, high-union-density states had an average median\nincome about $6,000 _higher_ than the national average. In comparison, the\nlow-union-density states had an average median income about $6,500 _lower_\nthan the national average. It is also worth noting that the high-union-density\nstates had an average annual median income over $10,000 higher than low-union-\ndensity states. These results are consistent with the evidence that unions\ndirectly raise wages of union workers and, when union density is high enough,\nalso raise the wages of nonunion workers. These wage increases then translate\ninto higher annual incomes.\n\nFigure D\n\n#### Median household incomes in high-union-density states are more than\n$12,000 higher, on average, than median incomes in low-union-density states :\nAverage median household income (2019) in high-, medium-, and low-union-\ndensity states\n\nUnion density | Median annual income \n---|--- \nHigh | $75,786 \nMedium | $70,163 \nNational average | $69,720 \nLow | $63,212 \n \nChart Data __ Download data\n\nThe data below can be saved or copied directly into Excel.\n\n__\n\nThe data underlying the figure.\n\n**Notes:** Union density is defined as the share of workers in the state who\nare represented by a union, including union members and other workers who are\ncovered by a union contract, based on the variable \u201cunion\u201d from EPI extracts\nof CPS-ORG microdata. Low-union-density states are the 17 states with the\nlowest average union densities from 2015\u20132019 (all less than 8%). Medium-\nunion-density states are the 17 states (including D.C.) in the middle of the\nunion-density rankings (with union densities ranging from 8.3% to 13.3%).\nHigh-union-density states are the 17 states with the highest average union\ndensities from 2015\u20132019 (greater than or equal to 13.5%). See Table 1 for\nmore detail about these groupings. Median incomes are by household.\n\nUnion density is defined as the share of workers in the state who are\nrepresented by a union, including union members and other workers who are\ncovered by a union contract, based on the variable \u201cunion\u201d from EPI extracts\nof CPS-ORG microdata. Low-union-density states are the 17 states with the\nlowest average union densities from 2015\u20132019 (all less than 8%). Medium-\nunion-density states are the 17 states (including D.C.) in the middle of the\nunion-density rankings (with union densities ranging from 8.3% to 13.3%).\nHigh-union-density states are the 17 states with the highest average union\ndensities from 2015\u20132019 (greater than or equal to 13.5%). See Table 1 for\nmore detail about these groupings. We average union density data across 2015\nto 2019 for each state to give a more accurate estimate of states\u2019 typical\nunionization rates over time. We do not include data beyond 2019 in our\naverages, to avoid any potential distortions related to the 2020\u20132021 COVID-19\npandemic and ensuing recession. For each group, we calculate the average of\nthe 17 states\u2019 median incomes. Median income here refers to income from all\nsources, including nonwork income sources, however, for the large majority of\npeople surveyed, most of their income comes from labor earnings.\n\n__\n\n**Sources:** EPI analysis of 2015\u20132019 Current Population Survey Outgoing\nRotation Group (CPS-ORG) microdata for all workers ages 16 and older; U.S.\nCensus Bureau, \u201c [ Historical Income Tables: Households\n](https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/income-\npoverty/historical-income-households.html) ,\u201d Table H-8, accessed August 2021.\n\n__ Share on Facebook [ __ Tweet this chart\n](https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Median+household+incomes+in+high-\nunion-\ndensity+states+are+more+than+%2412%2C000+higher%2C+on+average%2C+than+median...&url=https%3A%2F%2Fgo.epi.org%2FFo2p)\n\n__ Embed\n\nCopy the code below to embed this chart on your website.\n\n__\n\n[ __ Download image ](https://files.epi.org/charts/img/236769-28688.png)\n\n### Unemployment insurance\n\nThe final measure of economic well-being we examine is the unemployment\ninsurance (UI) recipiency rate. When a worker is laid off from a job and their\nhousehold income falls, unemployment insurance helps the worker support\nthemselves and their family until they find another job. The UI recipiency\nrate, reported by the Department of Labor, represents the \u201cinsured unemployed\u201d\nas a percentage of the total unemployed\u2014i.e., the share of unemployed workers\nwho actually receive UI benefits. (Note that we are intentionally analyzing\nonly 2019 data to avoid distortions due to the pandemic economy and\nlegislative changes, most notablythe creation of several temporary, pandemic-\nrelated federal enhancements to the UI system. The 2020 federal emergency\nprograms plugged several key gaps in the state systems and minimized, though\ndid not eliminate, drastic state differences in benefits. The 2019 data\nrepresent UI benefits from the states\u2019 regular UI programs only.)\n\n**Figure E** highlights the positive relationship between unionization and UI\nrecipiency rates. The high-union-density states had an average UI recipiency\nrate of 37% in 2019, roughly double the average UI recipiency rate of the\nlowest-density third of states (18%). In low-union-density states, fewer than\none in five workers who applied for UI benefits received them, compared with\nnearly two in five in high-density states.\n\nFigure E\n\n#### Unemployed workers are twice as likely to receive unemployment benefits\nif they live in high-union-density states than if they live in low-union-\ndensity states : Average UI recipiency rate (2019) in high-, medium-, and\nlow-union-density states\n\n| UI recipiency rate \n---|--- \nLow | 18% \nMedium | 25% \nHigh | 37% \n \nChart Data __ Download data\n\nThe data below can be saved or copied directly into Excel.\n\n__\n\nThe data underlying the figure.\n\n**Notes:** The UI recipiency rate in each state is the share of unemployed\nworkers who are receiving unemployment insurance benefits through the state\u2019s\nregular UI program (i.e., not through federal emergency programs such as\nPandemic Unemployment Assistance). We use a simple average of UI recipiency\nrates within the high-, medium-, and low-union-density state groupings. Union\ndensity is defined as the share of workers in the state who are represented by\na union, including union members and other workers who are covered by a union\ncontract, based on the variable \u201cunion\u201d from EPI extracts of CPS-ORG\nmicrodata. Low-union-density states are the 17 states with the lowest average\nunion densities from 2015\u20132019 (all less than 8%). Medium-union-density states\nare the 17 states (including D.C.) in the middle of the union-density rankings\n(with union densities ranging from 8.3% to 13.3%). High-union-density states\nare the 17 states with the highest average union densities from 2015\u20132019\n(greater than or equal to 13.5%). See Table 1 for more detail about these\ngroupings.\n\nThe UI recipiency rate in each state is the share of unemployed workers who\nare receiving unemployment insurance benefits through the state\u2019s regular UI\nprogram (i.e., not through federal emergency programs such as Pandemic\nUnemployment Assistance). We use a simple average of UI recipiency rates\nwithin the high-, medium-, and low-union-density state groupings. Union\ndensity is defined as the share of workers in the state who are represented by\na union, including union members and other workers who are covered by a union\ncontract, based on the variable \u201cunion\u201d from EPI extracts of CPS-ORG\nmicrodata. Low-union-density states are the 17 states with the lowest average\nunion densities from 2015\u20132019 (all less than 8%). Medium-union-density states\nare the 17 states (including D.C.) in the middle of the union-density rankings\n(with union densities ranging from 8.3% to 13.3%). High-union-density states\nare the 17 states with the highest average union densities from 2015\u20132019\n(greater than or equal to 13.5%). See Table 1 for more detail about these\ngroupings. We average union density data across 2015 to 2019 for each state to\ngive a more accurate estimate of states\u2019 typical unionization rates over time.\nWe do not include data beyond 2019 in our averages, to avoid any potential\ndistortions related to the 2020\u20132021 COVID-19 pandemic and ensuing recession.\n\n__\n\n**Sources:** EPI analysis of 2015\u20132019 Current Population Survey Outgoing\nRotation Group (CPS-ORG) microdata for all workers ages 16 and older;\nDepartment of Labor Employment & Training Administration, [ Unemployment\nInsurance Data Chartbook\n](https://oui.doleta.gov/unemploy/ui_replacement_rates.asp) .\n\n__ Share on Facebook [ __ Tweet this chart\n](https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Unemployed+workers+are+twice+as+likely+to+receive+unemployment+benefits+if+they+live+in+high-\nunion-density...&url=https%3A%2F%2Fgo.epi.org%2Fc58s)\n\n__ Embed\n\nCopy the code below to embed this chart on your website.\n\n__\n\n[ __ Download image ](https://files.epi.org/charts/img/236815-28689.png)\n\nThe large differences in the UI recipiency rates across states are not based\non any particular economic logic. These differences largely reflect the wide\nscope states have to determine specific features of eligibility criteria, the\napplication process, benefit amounts, and duration of benefits. Many states\nhave made the application and eligibility process difficult in order to cut\ncosts by reducing the number of successful claims (Badger and Parlapiano 2020;\nStewart 2020; Wamsley 2020).\n\nUnions use their influence to increase UI eligibility, ease of access, benefit\nlevels, and benefit duration, to the benefit of all workers, union and\nnonunion (Hertel-Fernandez and Gould-Werth 2020). In their role as\nintermediary institutions that can act as a complement to legislated benefits\nand protections, unions also inform and educate the workers they represent\nabout the unemployment insurance system and guide them through the application\nprocess (Walters and Mishel 2003). Recent research has found that unionized\nworkers are 19 percentage points more likely to apply for and receive benefits\nthan nonunionized workers after accounting for worker, job, and state\ncharacteristics (Hertel-Fernandez and Gould-Werth 2020). The same research\nfinds that unions can help close large racial gaps in accessing UI.\n\n### Summary of economic well-being indicators\n\nAcross the states, unionization is consistently associated with higher levels\nof economic well-being as measured by the level of a state\u2019s minimum wage,\nmedian annual income, and access to unemployment insurance benefits. In each\ncase, there are clear channels through which unions can\u2014and do\u2014influence these\ncritical economic outcomes.\n\n## Personal well-being\n\nThe second category of well-being we examine is personal well-being, which we\ndefine as an individual\u2019s physical and mental health. Within the category of\npersonal well-being, we look at three indicators: health care coverage,\nMedicaid expansion, and access to paid family and sick leave. As we\ndemonstrate below, states with higher union density are more likely to have\nhigher levels of all three personal well-being metrics.\n\n### Access to health insurance\n\nThe first marker of personal well-being we examine is access to health\ninsurance. Almost all union workers (94%) have access to health insurance,\ncompared with just 67% of nonunion workers (Gould 2020b). Economic research\nhas documented that unionized workers also face lower direct costs for health\ncare coverage than their nonunionized peers (Buchmueller and DiNardo 2001).\nUnions are an important channel workers use to secure high-quality health\ninsurance, and when union members gain these benefits, nonunion employers are\nmore likely to offer better compensation, including health care benefits, in\norder to remain competitive (Mishel 2021).\n\nThere are a variety of ways people can access health insurance, whether\nprivately through employer-based programs or direct purchase; through a public\nprogram such as Medicaid, Medicare, and the Veterans Administration; or some\ncombination. In 2019 in the U.S., about two-thirds of the population had\nhealth insurance coverage through private sources, including employer-based\n(Keisler-Starkey and Bunch 2020, Table HIC-4_ACS). Unfortunately, many people\nfall through the cracks and are unable to access any private or public health\ninsurance programs, either because their employer does not offer a health care\nplan or because they earn too much or too little to qualify for one of the\npublic programs. This \u201ccoverage gap\u201d ensnares over 2 million people each year\n(Lukens and Sharer 2021). In this section, we examine how the uninsured\nrate\u2014i.e., the share of a state\u2019s residents who fall into this coverage\ngap\u2014intersects with union density levels.\n\n**Figure F** shows a clear negative relationship between state unionization\nrates and the uninsured rate: States with high union densities have an\nuninsured population 4.5 percentage points lower, on average, than that of\nlow-union-density states. Put another way, people in low-union-density states\nare nearly 1.7 times as likely to lack any form of health insurance as their\npeers in high-union-density states. Unions directly impact health care\ncoverage by bargaining for employer-sponsored health care coverage for\nemployees and their dependents. Having not only access to health insurance,\nbut also some or all of the costs covered by the employer\u2014which unions have\nsuccessfully negotiated for\u2014greatly improves job quality.\n\nFigure F\n\n#### Residents of high-union-density states are more likely to have health\ninsurance : Average uninsured rate (2019) in high-, medium-, and low-union-\ndensity states, 2019\n\nUnion density | Uninsured rate \n---|--- \nLow | 11.3% \nMedium | 7.4 \nHigh | 6.8 \n \nChart Data __ Download data\n\nThe data below can be saved or copied directly into Excel.\n\n__\n\nThe data underlying the figure.\n\n**Notes:** Union density is defined as the share of workers in the state who\nare represented by a union, including union members and other workers who are\ncovered by a union contract, based on the variable \u201cunion\u201d from EPI extracts\nof CPS-ORG microdata. We average union density data across 2015 to 2019 for\neach state to give a more accurate estimate of states\u2019 typical unionization\nrates over time. Low-union-density states are the 17 states with the lowest\naverage union densities from 2015\u20132019 (all less than 8%). Medium-union-\ndensity states are the 17 states (including D.C.) in the middle of the union-\ndensity rankings (with union densities ranging from 8.3% to 13.3%). High-\nunion-density states are the 17 states with the highest average union\ndensities from 2015\u20132019 (greater than or equal to 13.5%). See Table 1 for\nmore detail about these groupings.\n\n**Sources:** EPI analysis of 2015\u20132019 Current Population Survey Outgoing\nRotation Group (CPS-ORG) microdata for all workers ages 16 and older; Keisler-\nStarkey and Bunch, \u201c [ Health Insurance Coverage in the United States\n](https://www.census.gov/library/publications/2020/demo/p60-271.html) ,\u201d U.S.\nCensus Bureau, September 2020.\n\n__ Share on Facebook [ __ Tweet this chart\n](https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Residents+of+high-union-\ndensity+states+are+more+likely+to+have+health+insurance%3A+Average%C2%A0uninsured...&url=https%3A%2F%2Fgo.epi.org%2FG90t)\n\n__ Embed\n\nCopy the code below to embed this chart on your website.\n\n__\n\n[ __ Download image ](https://files.epi.org/charts/img/236821-28774.png)\n\nUnionization and health and economic outcomes are deeply intertwined. Access\nto high-quality health insurance, including health care for dependents,\nimproves household and individual financial security. Investment in health\ncare and health care access has also been linked to other positive economic\noutcomes, such as boosted income (Raghupathi and Raghupathi 2020). Access to\nhealth care also leads to clear positive health outcomes, including a lower\nrate of chronic illness and a higher likelihood of receiving preventative care\nfor critical health conditions (Tolbert, Orgera, and Damico 2020; Washington\n2001). In our analysis, we see the same pattern for personal well-being as for\neconomic well-being: States with high unionization not only have higher\nminimum wages and higher median household incomes, but they also have higher\nhealth insurance coverage rates than states with low unionization.\n\n### Medicaid expansion\n\nTo fully understand how unions intersect with health care coverage, we\nexamine\u2014alongside the uninsured rate\u2014whether a state has expanded Medicaid\nunder the Affordable Care Act (ACA) to broaden eligibility to more low-income\npeople. The Medicaid public insurance program provides critical health\ncoverage to families and individuals with low incomes. As with the\nunemployment insurance system, the Medicaid program has broad federal\nguidelines but is administered by states, with a 2012 Supreme Court decision\nruling that Medicaid eligibility and expansion could be decided by states. As\na result, eligibility, benefits, and coverage differ greatly by state.\n\nIn the states that did not expand their Medicaid programs, eligibility is\nlimited to an annual income of just under $9,000 for a family of three (41% of\nthe poverty line). By contrast, states that have adopted Medicaid expansion\nhave extended eligibility to people with incomes up to $17,609 for an\nindividual (138% of the poverty line) (Garfield, Orgera, and Damico 2021).\nExpanding Medicaid would help to close the \u201ccoverage gap\u201d and provide health\ninsurance to the estimated 2 million people who do not qualify for Medicaid\nand who do not earn enough to be eligible for other subsidized plans under the\nACA (Simmons-Duffin 2021). Research has found that Medicaid expansion has\nimproved access to health care; improved health outcomes, including fewer\npremature deaths; lowered uncompensated costs; bolstered financial security;\nboosted economic mobility; and more (CBPP 2020).\n\nAs **Figure G** shows, there is a clear difference between high- and low-\nunion-density states in terms of Medicaid expansion. By 2019, all 17 high-\nunion-density states had expanded Medicaid, compared with just five of the\nlow-union-density states. Over 70% of the low-union-density states have not\nexpanded Medicaid. (The map in **Figure H** shows specifically which states\nhad and had not expanded Medicaid by 2019, along with each state\u2019s union\ndensity.)\n\nFigure G\n\n#### The 17 highest-union-density states have all adopted the Affordable Care\nAct\u2019s Medicaid expansion : Number of high-, medium-, and low-union-density\nstates that had adopted the Medicaid expansion as of 2019\n\n| Expanded Medicaid | Did not expand Medicaid \n---|---|--- \nLow | 5 | 12 \nMedium | 12 | 5 \nHigh | 17 | 0 \n \nChart Data __ Download data\n\nThe data below can be saved or copied directly into Excel.\n\n__\n\nThe data underlying the figure.\n\n**Notes:** Union density is defined as the share of workers in the state who\nare represented by a union, including union members and other workers who are\ncovered by a union contract, based on the variable \u201cunion\u201d from EPI extracts\nof CPS-ORG microdata. Low-union-density states are the 17 states with the\nlowest average union densities from 2015\u20132019 (all less than 8%). Medium-\nunion-density states are the 17 states (including D.C.) in the middle of the\nunion-density rankings (with union densities ranging from 8.3% to 13.3%).\nHigh-union-density states are the 17 states with the highest average union\ndensities from 2015\u20132019 (greater than or equal to 13.5%). See Table 1 for\nmore detail about these groupings.\n\nUnion density is defined as the share of workers in the state who are\nrepresented by a union, including union members and other workers who are\ncovered by a union contract, based on the variable \u201cunion\u201d from EPI extracts\nof CPS-ORG microdata. Low-union-density states are the 17 states with the\nlowest average union densities from 2015\u20132019 (all less than 8%). Medium-\nunion-density states are the 17 states (including D.C.) in the middle of the\nunion-density rankings (with union densities ranging from 8.3% to 13.3%).\nHigh-union-density states are the 17 states with the highest average union\ndensities from 2015\u20132019 (greater than or equal to 13.5%). See Table 1 for\nmore detail about these groupings. We average union density data across 2015\nto 2019 for each state to give a more accurate estimate of states\u2019 typical\nunionization rates over time. We do not include data beyond 2019 in our\naverages, to avoid any potential distortions related to the 2020\u20132021 COVID-19\npandemic and ensuing recession. To maintain consistency with avoiding\n2020\u20132021 COVID-19 distortions, we examine Medicaid expansion status as of\n2019. Therefore Idaho, Kentucky, Maine, and Montana, which expanded Medicaid\nin 2019, are grouped in the \u201cExpanded Medicaid\u201d category, while Arkansas,\nMissouri, Nebraska, Oklahoma, and Utah, which expanded Medicaid in 2020 or\n2021, are listed in the \u201cDid Not Expand Medicaid\u201d category. Missouri and\nNebraska are medium-union-density states while Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Utah\nare low-union-density states.\n\n__\n\n**Sources:** EPI analysis of 2015\u20132019 Current Population Survey Outgoing\nRotation Group (CPS-ORG) microdata for all workers ages 16 and older; Kaiser\nFamily Fund, \u201c [ Status of State Medicaid Expansion Decisions\n](https://www.kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/status-of-state-medicaid-expansion-\ndecisions-interactive-map/) ,\u201d September 8, 2021.\n\n__ Share on Facebook [ __ Tweet this chart\n](https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=The+17+highest-union-\ndensity+states+have+all+adopted+the+Affordable+Care+Act%E2%80%99s+Medicaid+expansion%3A+Number+of...&url=https%3A%2F%2Fgo.epi.org%2F6QWS)\n\n__ Embed\n\nCopy the code below to embed this chart on your website.\n\n__\n\n[ __ Download image ](https://files.epi.org/charts/img/237547-28841.png)\n\nFigure H\n\n#### Union density and Medicaid expansion by state\n\nState | Medicaid expansion (as of 2019) | Union density (2015\u201319 avg) | Medicaid expansion ind \n---|---|---|--- \nNew York | Yes | 24.7% | 1 \nHawaii | Yes | 23.0% | 1 \nAlaska | Yes | 19.9% | 1 \nWashington | Yes | 19.5% | 1 \nConnecticut | Yes | 17.3% | 1 \nRhode Island | Yes | 17.3% | 1 \nNew Jersey | Yes | 16.8% | 1 \nCalifornia | Yes | 16.7% | 1 \nMichigan | Yes | 15.8% | 1 \nOregon | Yes | 15.6% | 1 \nNevada | Yes | 15.5% | 1 \nIllinois | Yes | 15.3% | 1 \nMinnesota | Yes | 15.2% | 1 \nMaine | Yes | 13.9% | 1 \nOhio | Yes | 13.7% | 1 \nMassachusetts | Yes | 13.6% | 1 \nMontana | Yes | 13.5% | 1 \nPennsylvania | Yes | 13.3% | 1 \nVermont | Yes | 12.6% | 1 \nMaryland | Yes | 12.2% | 1 \nWest Virginia | Yes | 12.1% | 1 \nKentucky | Yes | 11.8% | 1 \nNew Hampshire | Yes | 11.7% | 1 \nWashington D.C. | Yes | 11.2% | 1 \nDelaware | Yes | 11.2% | 1 \nMissouri | No | 10.7% | 0 \nColorado | Yes | 10.6% | 1 \nIndiana | Yes | 10.3% | 1 \nKansas | No | 10.3% | 0 \nAlabama | No | 9.6% | 0 \nIowa | Yes | 9.6% | 1 \nWisconsin | No | 9.0% | 0 \nNebraska | No | 8.8% | 0 \nNew Mexico | Yes | 8.3% | 1 \nWyoming | No | 7.7% | 0 \nMississippi | No | 7.5% | 0 \nOklahoma | No | 7.3% | 0 \nFlorida | No | 7.3% | 0 \nNorth Dakota | Yes | 6.9% | 1 \nSouth Dakota | No | 6.8% | 0 \nIdaho | Yes | 6.3% | 1 \nTennessee | No | 6.2% | 0 \nArizona | Yes | 6.1% | 1 \nVirginia | Yes | 5.9% | 1 \nLouisiana | Yes | 5.8% | 1 \nArkansas | No | 5.8% | 0 \nUtah | No | 5.6% | 0 \nTexas | No | 5.5% | 0 \nGeorgia | No | 5.1% | 0 \nNorth Carolina | No | 3.9% | 0 \nSouth Carolina | No | 3.2% | 0 \n \n**Notes:** Idaho, Kentucky, Maine, and Montana expanded Medicaid in 2019 and\nso are listed under the \u201cExpanded Medicaid\u201d category. Arkansas, Missouri,\nNebraska, Oklahoma, and Utah expanded Medicaid in 2020 or 2021 and so they are\nlisted in the \u201cDid Not Expand Medicaid\u201d category to be consistent with the\nfact that we report union density data from 2019 and earlier. Union density is\ndefined as the share of workers in the state who are represented by a union,\nincluding union members and other workers who are covered by a union contract,\nbased on the variable \u201cunion\u201d from EPI extracts of CPS-ORG microdata.\n\nIdaho, Kentucky, Maine, and Montana expanded Medicaid in 2019 and so are\nlisted under the \u201cExpanded Medicaid\u201d category. Arkansas, Missouri, Nebraska,\nOklahoma, and Utah expanded Medicaid in 2020 or 2021 and so they are listed in\nthe \u201cDid Not Expand Medicaid\u201d category to be consistent with the fact that we\nreport union density data from 2019 and earlier. Union density is defined as\nthe share of workers in the state who are represented by a union, including\nunion members and other workers who are covered by a union contract, based on\nthe variable \u201cunion\u201d from EPI extracts of CPS-ORG microdata. We average union\ndensity data across 2015 to 2019 for each state to give a more accurate\nestimate of states\u2019 typical unionization rates over time. We do not include\ndata beyond 2019 in our averages, to avoid any potential distortions related\nto the 2020\u20132021 COVID-19 pandemic and ensuing recession.\n\n__\n\n**Sources:** EPI analysis of 2015\u20132019 Current Population Survey Outgoing\nRotation Group (CPS-ORG) microdata for all workers ages 16 and older; Kaiser\nFamily Fund, \u201c [ Status of State Medicaid Expansion Decisions: Interactive Map\n](https://www.kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/status-of-state-medicaid-expansion-\ndecisions-interactive-map/) ,\u201d September 8, 2021.\n\n__ Share on Facebook [ __ Tweet this chart\n](https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Union+density+and+Medicaid+expansion+by+state&url=https%3A%2F%2Fgo.epi.org%2FHYFn)\n\n__ Embed\n\nCopy the code below to embed this chart on your website.\n\n__\n\n[ __ Download image ](https://files.epi.org/charts/img/240223-29145.png)\n\nUnions have been long been central in supporting grassroots campaigns and\ncoalitions to expand Medicaid. Broad union political support for Medicaid can\npave the way for more and more states\u2014even low-union-density states\u2014to follow\nsuit with successful Medicaid ballot initiatives. For example, the Fairness\nProject, funded by the SEIU United Healthcare Workers West in California, was\ninstrumental in getting Medicaid expansion initiatives on ballots in Idaho,\nUtah, and Nebraska in 2018; all three initiatives passed (Kodjak 2018).\nRecently, union-backed ballot initiatives have also met with success in other\nlow- and medium-union-density states such as Kentucky, Missouri, Arkansas, and\nOklahoma (Kliff 2020; Levey 2018).\n\nIt is worth noting that the data underlying Figures G and H also underscore an\nimportant connection between unionization rates, health outcomes, economic\nsecurity, and racial disparities: Many of the low- and medium-density-states\nthat have the highest shares of uninsured residents, and many of the states\nthat have not expanded Medicaid, also have relatively high concentrations of\nBlack workers.\n\nFor example, out of the 17 low-union-density states we categorize, 10, or\nabout 59%, had a share of Black workers in the labor force higher than the\nnational average in 2020 (BLS 2021). This relative concentration persists\nwithin the subcategories we examine as well; for example, of the 12 low-union-\ndensity states that had _not_ expanded Medicaid as of 2019, about two-thirds\nhave a Black working population above the national average in 2020 (the\nnational Black labor force share was about 12.6%). Given the ugly racist\norigins of \u201cright-to-work\u201d anti-union laws, it is not surprising that these\nstates with relatively large Black populations have continued to suppress\nunions and worker collective action (Ros n.d.).\n\nConversely, the surprising victory of Medicaid expansion in low-union-density,\nhigh-Black-population states such as Louisiana and Virginia suggests that when\nunions advocate for popular issues across the nation, the momentum can spread,\nand further victories can contribute to lowering racial and economic\ndisparities despite the odds and even in states with a low union presence.\n\nUnion-supported Medicaid expansions are one more example of a \u201cspillover\neffect\u201d and channel through which unionization benefits not only union\nmembers, but also members of the broader community.\n\n### Paid sick and family leave\n\nThe final personal well-being metric we examine is access to paid sick leave\nand paid family and medical leave. Specifically, we look at which states have\npassed laws to ensure that workers have access to these important benefits.\nPaid sick leave allows workers to take time off when they are sick without\nworry over loss of income, while paid family and medical leave allows workers\nto take extended time off to address a serious health condition, to care for a\nnew child, or to care for an ill family member (Gould 2018). Paid sick and\nfamily leave is necessary not only for physical health, but for mental health\nas well\u2014mitigating the stress of illness or family change by providing\neconomic and job security during extended time off work. Significant research\nhas shown, for example, that paid parental leave significantly improves\nmaternal mental health by allowing recovery and adjustment time (Romig and\nBryant 2021).\n\nThanks to unions\u2019 collective bargaining successes, union workers have greater\naccess to paid sick days than nonunion workers: More than nine in 10\nworkers\u201493%\u2014covered by a union contract have access to paid sick days,\ncompared with only 75% of nonunion workers (BLS 2020). This means that 25% of\nnonunion workers do not have access to even a single day of paid sick leave.\nMoreover, access to paid sick time is vastly unequal\u201494% of the highest-wage\nworkers have access to paid sick days while only 31% of the lowest-paid\nworkers do. Many states and localities are beginning to address this inequity\nby passing laws requiring employers to provide paid sick leave.\n\nThe situation is even bleaker for workers who need family and medical\nleave\u2014whether unionized or not. Only 20% of all workers have access to paid\nfamily and medical leave, meaning that nearly 80% of workers do not (BLS 2020\nTable 31). This presents workers with a choice between their careers and their\ncaregiving responsibilities precisely when they need their paychecks the most,\nsuch as following the birth of a child or when they or a loved one falls ill.\nTo ensure workers do not have to make that difficult choice, we need a\nnational paid family leave program. However, in the absence of such a program,\nseveral states have enacted paid family leave laws.\n\nUnions have played an integral role in coalition campaigns to pass paid sick\nday and family leave laws at the state and local levels, making paid leave a\nkey policy plank alongside higher wages (Brown 2013; MacGillvary and Jacobs\n2018; Salsberg 2018; Thoet 2016).\n\n**Figure I** shows that nearly half of high-union-density states have passed\nboth paid sick and family leave; in contrast, none of the low-union-density\nstates have. While the majority of U.S. states still, unfortunately, do not\nhave either paid sick or family leave laws, the tangible impact that unions\nhave had in their advocacy for such laws is evident in the pattern of progress\nso far.\n\nFigure I\n\n#### High-union-density states are more likely to have passed paid leave laws\n: Number of high-, medium-, and low-union-density states with paid leave\nlaws, 2019\n\n| Paid sick and family leave | Only paid sick leave | No paid sick or family leave \n---|---|---|--- \nLow | 0 | 1 | 16 \nMedium | 3 | 2 | 12 \nHigh | 8 | 1 | 8 \n \nChart Data __ Download data\n\nThe data below can be saved or copied directly into Excel.\n\n__\n\nThe data underlying the figure.\n\n** Notes ** **:** Union density is defined as the share of workers in the\nstate who are represented by a union, including union members and other\nworkers who are covered by a union contract, based on the variable \u201cunion\u201d\nfrom EPI extracts of CPS-ORG microdata. We average union density data across\n2015 to 2019 for each state to give a more accurate estimate of states\u2019\ntypical unionization rates over time. Low-union-density states are the 17\nstates with the lowest average union densities from 2015\u20132019 (all less than\n8%). Medium-union-density states are the 17 states (including D.C.) in the\nmiddle of the union-density rankings (with union densities ranging from 8.3%\nto 13.3%). High-union-density states are the 17 states with the highest\naverage union densities from 2015\u20132019 (greater than or equal to 13.5%). See\nTable 1 for more detail about these groupings.\n\nUnion density is defined as the share of workers in the state who are\nrepresented by a union, including union members and other workers who are\ncovered by a union contract, based on the variable \u201cunion\u201d from EPI extracts\nof CPS-ORG microdata. We average union density data across 2015 to 2019 for\neach state to give a more accurate estimate of states\u2019 typical unionization\nrates over time. Low-union-density states are the 17 states with the lowest\naverage union densities from 2015\u20132019 (all less than 8%). Medium-union-\ndensity states are the 17 states (including D.C.) in the middle of the union-\ndensity rankings (with union densities ranging from 8.3% to 13.3%). High-\nunion-density states are the 17 states with the highest average union\ndensities from 2015\u20132019 (greater than or equal to 13.5%). See Table 1 for\nmore detail about these groupings. We average union density data across 2015\nto 2019 for each state to give a more accurate estimate of states\u2019 typical\nunionization rates over time. We do not include data beyond 2019 in our\naverages, to avoid any potential distortions related to the 2020\u20132021 COVID-19\npandemic and ensuing recession.\n\n__\n\n**Sources:** EPI analysis of 2015\u20132019 Current Population Survey Outgoing\nRotation Group (CPS-ORG) microdata for all workers ages 16 and older;\nBipartisan Policy Center, _[ State Paid Family Leave Laws Across the U.S.\n](https://bipartisanpolicy.org/explainer/state-paid-family-leave-laws-across-\nthe-u-s/) , _ February 10, 2020; A Better Balance, [ _Overview of Paid Sick\nTime Laws in the United States_ ](https://www.abetterbalance.org/paid-sick-\ntime-laws/?export) , updated October 18, 2021.\n\n__ Share on Facebook [ __ Tweet this chart\n](https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=High-union-\ndensity+states+are+more+likely+to+have+passed+paid+leave+laws%3A+Number+of+high-%2C+medium-%2C+and...&url=https%3A%2F%2Fgo.epi.org%2Fg1dU)\n\n__ Embed\n\nCopy the code below to embed this chart on your website.\n\n__\n\n[ __ Download image ](https://files.epi.org/charts/img/236877-28693.png)\n\n## Democratic well-being\n\nThe final category we examine is democratic well-being, specifically the right\nto vote. Recent sustained attacks on this fundamental right threaten to\nundermine democratic stability. We look at legislation restricting voting and\nfind that there is a strong correlation between voting restrictions and low\nunion density.\n\nThe right to vote is a core tenet of our democracy, won and enshrined after\nyears of sustained protest and activism. Yet many states continue to take\nactions that disproportionately disenfranchise people of color (Johnson and\nFeldman 2020). The number of voter suppression laws enacted across the country\nis high and rising, and the voting rights of all citizens\u2014especially the\nvoting rights of people of color\u2014are under attack. States have passed\nrestrictions on when and where early voting can take place, when and how\npeople can register to vote, who can vote by mail, and what types of\nidentification are required to vote, among other forms of voter suppression.\nThese barriers to voting have disproportionately impacted racial minorities,\npoor people, and young and old voters, all of whom are less likely to have the\naccepted voter ID (Brennan Center n.d.).\n\n**Figure J** shows the relationship between union density and voter\nsuppression legislation in the 50 states. (Note that D.C.\u2014which is part of the\nmedium-union-density group in other charts\u2014is not included in the voter\nrestrictions data.) A majority of low- and medium-union-density states have\npassed at least one voter restriction bill, while the vast majority of high-\nunion-density states have passed none. Among high-union-density states, 13 out\nof 17 did not pass any voter restrictions between 2011 and 2019, while only\nseven of the medium-union-density states and five of the low-union-density\nstates can claim this distinction. Nine medium-union-density states and 12\nlow-union-density states passed voting restrictions. A total of 26 voter\nsuppression laws were passed among the 17 low-union-density states between\n2011 and 2019.\n\nFigure J\n\n#### Voter restriction bills are more likely to pass in low-union-density\nstates than in high-union-density states : Number of high-, medium-, and\nlow-union-density states that have passed restrictive voting laws, 2011\u20132019\n\n| No voter restrictions | Voter restrictions \n---|---|--- \nLow | 5 | 12 \nMedium | 7 | 9 \nHigh | 13 | 4 \n \nChart Data __ Download data\n\nThe data below can be saved or copied directly into Excel.\n\n__\n\nThe data underlying the figure.\n\n**Notes:** Union density is defined as the share of workers in the state who\nare represented by a union, including union members and other workers who are\ncovered by a union contract, based on the variable \u201cunion\u201d from EPI extracts\nof CPS-ORG microdata. Low-union-density states are the 17 states with the\nlowest average union densities from 2015\u20132019 (all less than 8%). Medium-\nunion-density states are the 16 states (D.C. is not included in this chart) in\nthe middle of the union-density rankings (with union densities ranging from\n8.3% to 13.3%). High-union-density states are the 17 states with the highest\naverage union densities from 2015\u20132019 (greater than or equal to 13.5%). See\nTable 1 for more detail about these groupings.\n\nUnion density is defined as the share of workers in the state who are\nrepresented by a union, including union members and other workers who are\ncovered by a union contract, based on the variable \u201cunion\u201d from EPI extracts\nof CPS-ORG microdata. Low-union-density states are the 17 states with the\nlowest average union densities from 2015\u20132019 (all less than 8%). Medium-\nunion-density states are the 16 states (D.C. is not included in this chart) in\nthe middle of the union-density rankings (with union densities ranging from\n8.3% to 13.3%). High-union-density states are the 17 states with the highest\naverage union densities from 2015\u20132019 (greater than or equal to 13.5%). See\nTable 1 for more detail about these groupings. We average union density data\nacross 2015 to 2019 for each state to give a more accurate estimate of states\u2019\ntypical unionization rates over time. We do not include data beyond 2019 in\nour averages, to avoid any potential distortions related to the 2020\u20132021\nCOVID-19 pandemic and ensuing recession. This analysis looks at restrictions\npassed by states from 2011 to 2019. We include as examples of voting\nrestrictions laws that require voter ID or proof of citizenship, limit\nabsentee and mail-in collection, limit registration, or limit participation by\nthose previously incarcerated.\n\n__\n\n**Sources:** EPI analysis of 2015\u20132019 Current Population Survey Outgoing\nRotation Group (CPS-ORG) microdata for all workers ages 16 and older; Brennan\nCenter for Justice, \u201c [ State Voting Bills Tracker 2021\n](https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/research-reports/state-voting-bills-\ntracker-2021) ,\u201d last updated May 28, 2021.\n\n__ Share on Facebook [ __ Tweet this chart\n](https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Voter+restriction+bills+are+more+likely+to+pass+in+low-\nunion-density+states+than+in+high-union-\ndensity+states%3A...&url=https%3A%2F%2Fgo.epi.org%2FV0Lf)\n\n__ Embed\n\nCopy the code below to embed this chart on your website.\n\n__\n\n[ __ Download image ](https://files.epi.org/charts/img/237555-28844.png)\n\nUnions have, both historically and in the present, been central to the fight\nto protect voting rights. Historically, labor and workers\u2019 rights were a\ncentral focus of the civil rights movement and went hand in hand with voting\nrights (Moore 2021). A. Philip Randolph, one of the leaders of the March on\nWashington in 1963, was also a leader of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car\nPorters (BSCP), one of the most influential all-Black labor unions. In the\n1960s, the AFL-CIO lobbied and offered testimony for the Civil Rights Act of\n1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. In March 2021, after Georgia passed\nvoter suppression bill SB 202, AFL-CIO President Richard Trumka wrote that\nvoter suppression laws were \u201caimed at silencing working people of color across\nthe state\u201d (AFL-CIO 2021).\n\nThrough long-standing advocacy and work to protect the vote, unions have\nlinked voting rights to workers\u2019 rights. To this day, unions continue to\nmobilize workers to vote. Union voter mobilization has broad effects,\nincluding helping to determine which political leaders are elected and what\noccupational backgrounds they come from. Sojourner (2012) finds that unions\npromote election of people from working- and middle-class jobs into political\nleadership.\n\n## Conclusion\n\nIn this report, we have sought to demonstrate that the benefits of\nunionization extend far beyond the workplace. High union density is\nconsistently associated with a much broader set of positive spillover effects\nacross multiple dimensions. Not only do unions directly benefit the workers\nthey represent, but their political advocacy helps to drive an array of\nstrongly positive outcomes more broadly, especially in states where unions\nrepresent a sizeable share of the workforce. These positive outcomes include\nwage increases, better health benefits, easier access to unemployment\ninsurance, access to paid sick leave, access to paid family and medical leave,\nand unrestricted voting opportunities.\n\nHowever, union density levels across the country are not as high as they could\nbe. While nearly half of all nonunion workers say they want a union in their\nworkplace, only 12% of all workers are covered by a union contract (Brenan\n2021; EPI 2021d). Current law places too many obstacles in the way of workers\ntrying to organize and gives employers too much power to interfere with\nworkers\u2019 free choice (Mishel, Rhinehart, and Windham 2020). It is therefore\ncritical that policymakers enact reforms that restore a meaningful right to\norganize and collectively bargain. One simple way to help accomplish this\nwould be to pass the Protecting the Right to Organize (PRO) Act, which will\nhelp restore the right to organize and give workers access to a union and the\nwell-being it promotes.\n\nUnionization can be a key driving force as we continue to build an equitable\nrecovery and invest in the creation of jobs with good wages and access to\nbenefits (Hersh 2021). Building union density is not just a worker or\nworkplace issue, but it is also a mechanism to uplift families and\ncommunities. The relationship we have demonstrated between high union density\nand higher household incomes, access to health care and paid leave, and fewer\nvoting restrictions highlights the importance of protecting the right of\nworkers to organize. This right could be a fundamental component in\nstrengthening economic security, quality of life, civil and voting rights, and\nracial justice in our communities.\n\n## Acknowledgments\n\nThe authors thank William E. Spriggs, whose research inspired this report;\nJohn Schmitt for his thoughtful input; and Daniel Perez for his research\nassistance.\n\n## Note\n\n1\\. The extracts are publicly available. See EPI 2021a.\n\n## References\n\nA Better Balance. 2021. [ _Overview of Paid Sick Time Laws in the United\nStates_ ](https://www.abetterbalance.org/paid-sick-time-laws/?export) .\nUpdated October 18, 2021.\n\nAFL-CIO. 2021. \u201c [ Labor Movement Condemns Georgia Republicans\u2019 Outrageous\nVoter Suppression Law ](https://aflcio.org/press/releases/labor-movement-\ncondemns-georgia-republicans-outrageous-voter-suppression-law) \u201d (press\nrelease). March 26, 2021.\n\nAmick, Benjamin C., III, Sheilah Hogg-Johnson, Desiree Latour-Villamil, and\nRon Saunders. 2015. \u201cProtecting Construction Worker Health and Safety in\nOntario, Canada: Identifying a Union Safety Effect.\u201d _Journal of Occupational\nand Environmental Medicine_ 57, no. 12: 1337\u20131342. 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[ _The Coverage\nGap: Uninsured Poor Adults in States that Do Not Expand Medicaid_\n](https://www.kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/the-coverage-gap-uninsured-poor-\nadults-in-states-that-do-not-expand-medicaid/) _._ Kaiser Family Foundation,\nJanuary 2021.\n\nGould, Elise. 2018. \u201c [ Providing Unpaid Leave Was Only the First Step; 25\nYears After the Family and Medical Leave Act, More Workers Need Paid Leave\n](https://www.epi.org/blog/providing-unpaid-leave-was-only-the-first-\nstep-25-years-after-the-family-and-medical-leave-act-more-workers-need-paid-\nleave/) .\u201d _Working Economics Blog_ (Economic Policy Institute), February 1,\n2018.\n\nGould, Elise. 2020a. [ _State of Working America: Wages 2019_\n](https://www.epi.org/publication/swa-wages-2019/) _._ Economic Policy\nInstitute, February 20, 2020.\n\nGould, Elise. 2020b. \u201c [ Union Workers Are More Likely to Have Paid Sick Days\nand Health Insurance ](https://www.epi.org/blog/union-workers-are-more-likely-\nto-have-paid-sick-days-and-health-insurance-covid-19-sheds-light-on-\ninequalities-among-the-poorest-and-least-empowered-workers/) .\u201d _Working\nEconomics Blog_ (Economic Policy Institute), March 12, 2020.\n\nGould, Elise, and Celine McNicholas. 2017. \u201c [ Unions Help Narrow the Gender\nWage Gap ](https://www.epi.org/blog/unions-help-narrow-the-gender-wage-gap/)\n.\u201d _Working Economics Blog_ (Economic Policy Institute), April 3, 2017.\n\nGreenhouse, Steven. 2015. \u201c [ How to Get Low-Wage Workers into the Middle\nClass ](https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2015/08/fifteen-dollars-\nminimum-wage/401540/) .\u201d _The Atlantic_ , August 19, 2015.\n\nHersh, Adam S. 2021. [ _\u2018Build Back Better\u2019 Agenda Will Ensure Strong, Stable\nRecovery in Coming Years_ ](https://www.epi.org/publication/iija-budget-\nreconciliation-jobs/) . Economic Policy Institute, September 2021.\n\nHertel-Fernandez, Alexander, and Alix Gould-Werth. 2020. [ _Labor\nOrganizations and Unemployment Insurance: A Virtuous Circle Supporting U.S.\nWorkers\u2019 Voices and Reducing Disparities in Benefits_\n](https://equitablegrowth.org/labor-organizations-and-unemployment-insurance-\na-virtuous-circle-supporting-u-s-workers-voices-and-reducing-disparities-in-\nbenefits/) . Washington Center for Equitable Growth, October 2020.\n\nJohnson, Theodore R., and Max Feldman. [ _The New Voter Suppression_\n](https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/research-reports/new-voter-\nsuppression) _._ Brennan Center for Justice, January 2020.\n\nKaiser Family Foundation (KFF). 2021. \u201c [ Status of State Medicaid Expansion\nDecisions ](https://www.kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/status-of-state-medicaid-\nexpansion-decisions-interactive-map/) \u201d (interactive map). November 19, 2021.\n\nKeisler-Starkey, Katherine, and Lisa N. Bunch. 2020. [ _Health Insurance\nCoverage in the United States: 2019_\n](https://www.census.gov/library/publications/2020/demo/p60-271.html) . U.S.\nCensus Bureau Report no. P60-271, September 2020. Accompanying data tables\ndownloadable from\nhttps://www.census.gov/library/publications/2020/demo/p60-271.html.\n\nKliff, Sarah. 2020. \u201c [ How Progressives Flipped the Script on Medicaid\nExpansion ](https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/04/upshot/missouri-election-\nmedicaid-expansion.html) .\u201d _New York Times_ , August 4, 2020. Updated August\n10, 2020.\n\nKodjak, Alison. 2018. \u201c [ A Winning Idea: Medicaid Expansion Prevails in\nIdaho, Nebraska, and Utah ](https://www.npr.org/sections/health-\nshots/2018/11/07/664661676/a-winning-idea-medicaid-expansion-prevails-in-\nidaho-nebraska-and-utah) .\u201d NPR\u2019s _All Things Considered_ , November 7, 2018.\n\nLathrop, Yannet, T. William Lester, and Matthew Wilson. 2021. [ _Quantifying\nthe Impact of the Fight for $15: $150 Billion in Raises for 26 Million\nWorkers, with $76 Billion Going to Workers of Color_\n](https://www.nelp.org/publication/quantifying-the-impact-of-the-fight-\nfor-15-150-billion-in-raises-for-26-million-workers-with-76-billion-going-to-\nworkers-of-color/) . National Employment Law Project, July 2021.\n\nLevey, Noam N. 2018. \u201c [ How Medicaid Broke Through in Three Deep-Red States,\nand Could Do the Same in More ](https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-pol-\nmedicaid-ballot-measures-20181116-story.html) .\u201d _Los Angeles Times_ ,\nNovember 16, 2018.\n\nLukens, Gideon, and Breanna Sharer. 2021. [ _Closing Medicaid Coverage Gap\nWould Help Diverse Group and Narrow Racial Disparities_\n](https://www.cbpp.org/research/health/closing-medicaid-coverage-gap-would-\nhelp-diverse-group-and-narrow-racial) . Center on Budget and Policy\nPriorities, June 2021.\n\nMacGillvary, Jenifer, and Ken Jacobs. 2018. [ _The Union Effect in California\n#3: A Voice for Workers in Public Policy_\n](https://laborcenter.berkeley.edu/union-effect-in-california-3/) . UC\nBerkeley Center for Labor Research and Education, June 2018.\n\nMishel, Lawrence. 2021. [ _The Enormous Impact of Eroded Collective Bargaining\non Wages_ ](https://www.epi.org/publication/eroded-collective-bargaining/) _._\nEconomic Policy Institute, April 2021.\n\nMishel, Lawrence, Lynn Rhinehart, and Lane Windham. 2020. [ _Explaining the\nErosion of Private-Sector Unions: How Corporate Practices and Legal Changes\nHave Undercut the Ability of Workers to Organize and Bargain_\n](https://www.epi.org/unequalpower/publications/private-sector-unions-\ncorporate-legal-erosion/) _._ Economic Policy Institute, November 2020.\n\nMoore, Kyle K. 2021. \u201c [ Labor Rights and Civil Rights: One Intertwined\nStruggle for All Workers ](https://www.epi.org/blog/labor-rights-and-civil-\nrights-one-intertwined-struggle-for-all-workers/) .\u201d _Working Economics Blog_\n(Economic Policy Institute), June 1, 2021.\n\nRaghupathi, Viju, and Wullianallur Raghupathi. 2020. \u201c [ Healthcare\nExpenditure and Economic Performance: Insights from the United States Data\n](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7237575/) .\u201d _Frontiers in\nPublic Health_ 8: 156. [ https://doi.org/0.3389/fpubh.2020.00156\n](https://dx.doi.org/10.3389%2Ffpubh.2020.00156) .\n\nRomig, Kathleen, and Kathleen Bryant. 2021 [ _. A National Paid Leave Program\nWould Help Workers, Families_\n](https://www.cbpp.org/research/economy/a-national-paid-leave-program-would-\nhelp-workers-families) . Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, April 2021.\n\nRos, Pablo. n.d. \u201c [ The Racist Roots of Right to Work\n](https://www.afscme.org/blog/the-racist-roots-of-right-to-work) .\u201d AFSCME.\n\nRosenfeld, Jake, Patrick Denice, and Jennifer Laird. 2016. [ _Union Decline\nLowers Wages of Nonunion Workers_ ](https://www.epi.org/publication/union-\ndecline-lowers-wages-of-nonunion-workers-the-overlooked-reason-why-wages-are-\nstuck-and-inequality-is-growing/) _._ Economic Policy Institute, August 2016.\n\nSalsberg, Bob. 2018. \u201c [ Mass. Legislators Strike Deal with Bill on Family\nLeave, Sales Tax Holiday and $15 Minimum Wage\n](https://www.wbur.org/news/2018/06/20/family-leave-sales-tax-holiday-minimum-\nwage-deal) .\u201d Associated Press, June 21, 2018.\n\nSimmons-Duffin, Selena. 2021. [ \u201c12 Holdout States Haven\u2019t Expanded Medicaid,\nLeaving 2 Million People in Limbo ](https://www.npr.org/sections/health-\nshots/2021/07/01/1011502538/12-holdout-states-havent-expanded-medicaid-\nleaving-2-million-people-in-limbo) .\u201d National Public Radio (NPR), July 1,\n2021.\n\nShierholz, Heidi. 2021. \u201c [ EPI Testimony on Increasing the Minimum Wage to\n$15 per Hour ](https://www.epi.org/publication/epi-testimony-on-increasing-\nthe-minimum-wage-to-15-per-hour/) .\u201d Testimony before the U.S. House of\nRepresentatives Committee on Small Business, Subcommittee on Oversight,\nInvestigations, and Regulations, February 24, 2021.\n\nSojourner, Aaron. 2012. \u201c [ Do Unions Promote Members\u2019 Electoral Office\nHolding? Evidence from Correlates of State Legislatures\u2019 Occupational Shares\n](https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2039665) .\u201d IZA\nDiscussion Paper no. 6479, April 2012.\n\nSojourner, Aaron, and Jos\u00e9 Pacas. 2018. \u201c [ The Relationship Between Union\nMembership and Net Fiscal Impact ](https://ftp.iza.org/dp11310.pdf) .\u201d IZA\nInstitute of Labor Economics Discussion Paper no. 11310, January 2018.\n\nSpriggs, William E., and Bruce W. Klein. 1994. [ _Raising the Floor: The\nEffects of the Minimum Wage on Low-Wage Workers_\n](https://files.epi.org/2017/RaisingtheFloor.pdf) . Washington, D.C.: Economic\nPolicy Institute.\n\nStewart, Emily. 2020. \u201c [ The American Unemployment System Is Broken by Design\n](https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2020/5/13/21255894/unemployment-\ninsurance-system-problems-florida-claims-pua-new-york) .\u201d _Vox,_ May 13, 2020.\n\nThoet, Alison. 2016. \u201c [ D.C. Council Passes One of the Nation\u2019s Most Generous\nPaid Family Leave Bills ](https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/d-c-council-\npasses-one-nations-generous-paid-family-leave-bills) .\u201d _PBS NewsHour_ ,\nDecember 20, 2016.\n\nTolbert, Jennifer, Kendal Orgera, and Anthony Damico. 2020. [ _Key Facts About\nthe Uninsured Population_ ](https://www.kff.org/uninsured/issue-brief/key-\nfacts-about-the-uninsured-population/) _._ Kaiser Family Foundation, November\n2020.\n\nU.S. Census Bureau. 2021. \u201c [ Historical Income Tables: Households\n](https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/income-\npoverty/historical-income-households.html) \u201d (data tables). Accessed August\n2021.\n\nWalters, Matthew, and Lawrence Mishel. 2003. [ _How Unions Help All Workers_\n](https://www.epi.org/publication/briefingpapers_bp143/) _._ Economic Policy\nInstitute, August 2003.\n\nWamsley, Laurel. 2020. \u201c [ Gov. Says Florida\u2019s Unemployment System Was\nDesigned to Create \u2018Pointless Roadblocks.\u2019\n](https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-\nupdates/2020/08/06/899893368/gov-says-floridas-unemployment-system-was-\ndesigned-to-create-pointless-roadblock) \u201d National Public Radio (NPR), August\n6, 2020.\n\nWashington, Donna L. 2001. \u201cCharting the Path from Lack of Insurance to Poor\nHealth Outcomes.\u201d _Western Journal of Medicine_ 175, no. 1. [\nhttps://doi.org/10.1136/ewjm.175.1.23\n](https://dx.doi.org/10.1136%2Fewjm.175.1.23) .\n\nWicks-Lim, Jeanette. 2006. \u201c [ Mandated Wage Floors and the Wage Structure:\nNew Estimates of the Ripple Effects of Minimum Wage Laws\n](https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1092&context=peri_workingpapers)\n.\u201d University of Massachusetts Amherst, Political Economy Research Institute\n(PERI) Working Paper no. 116, June 2006.\n\nZoorob, Michael. 2018. \u201c [ Does \u2018Right to Work\u2019 Imperil the Right to Health?\nThe Effect of Labour Unions on Workplace Fatalities\n](https://oem.bmj.com/content/75/10/736.info) .\u201d _Occupational and\nEnvironmental Medicine_ vol. 75, pp. 736\u2013738. [\nhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2017-104747\n](https://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2017-104747) .\n\n* * *\n\nSee related work on [ Program on Race, Ethnicity and the Economy (PREE) ](https://www.epi.org/research/race-and-ethnicity/) | [ Health ](https://www.epi.org/research/health/) | [ Unions and Labor Standards ](https://www.epi.org/research/unions-and-labor-standards/) | [ Wages, Incomes, and Wealth ](https://www.epi.org/research/wages-incomes-and-wealth/)\n\nSee more work by [ Asha Banerjee ](https://www.epi.org/people/asha-banerjee/)\n, [ Margaret Poydock ](https://www.epi.org/people/margaret-poydock/) , [\nCeline McNicholas ](https://www.epi.org/people/celine-mcnicholas/) , [ Ihna\nMangundayao ](https://www.epi.org/people/ihna-mangundayao/) , and [ Ali Sait\n](https://www.epi.org/people/ali-sait/)\n\n[ Advanced search ](/publications)\n\nSee related work on [ Program on Race, Ethnicity and the Economy (PREE)\n](https://www.epi.org/research/race-and-ethnicity/) , [ Health\n](https://www.epi.org/research/health/) , [ Unions and Labor Standards\n](https://www.epi.org/research/unions-and-labor-standards/) , and [ Wages,\nIncomes, and Wealth ](https://www.epi.org/research/wages-incomes-and-wealth/)\n\nSee more work by [ Asha Banerjee ](https://www.epi.org/people/asha-banerjee/)\n, [ Margaret Poydock ](https://www.epi.org/people/margaret-poydock/) , [\nCeline McNicholas ](https://www.epi.org/people/celine-mcnicholas/) , [ Ihna\nMangundayao ](https://www.epi.org/people/ihna-mangundayao/) , and [ Ali Sait\n](https://www.epi.org/people/ali-sait/)\n\n## Sign up to stay informed\n\nNew research, insightful graphics, and event invites in your inbox every week.\n\nEPI is an independent, nonprofit think tank that researches the impact of\neconomic trends and policies on working people in the United States. 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"url": "https://www.epi.org/publication/unions-and-well-being/"
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"page_content": " * * [ Home ](/) >\n * [ Insights ](/resources) >\n * [ Employee Well-being ](/resources/employee-wellbeing)\n\n# Employee Well-being\n\nUnderstand why employee well-being is key to retention and engagement, and how\nto promote it in your workplace.\n\n[ Employee Experience ](/resources/employee-experience) [ Psychological Safety\n](/resources/psychological-safety) [ DEIB ](/resources/deib)\n\n[ ](/resources/blog/4-things-leaders-should-focus-on-to-boost-employee-well-\nbeing)\n\n[ 4 Things Leaders Should Focus on to Boost Employee Well-Being\n](/resources/blog/4-things-leaders-should-focus-on-to-boost-employee-well-\nbeing \"4 Things Leaders Should Focus on to Boost Employee Well-Being\")\n\n[ ](/resources/blog/black-history-month-psychological-wellness)\n\n[ For Black History Month, Take a Closer Look at Psychological Well-Being\n](/resources/blog/black-history-month-psychological-wellness \"For Black\nHistory Month, Take a Closer Look at Psychological Well-Being\")\n\n#### Get fresh culture insights, research, and trends straight to your inbox!\n\n[ SUBSCRIBE ](/component/banners/click/55)\n\n[ ](/resources/blog/psychological-safety-workplace)\n\n[ How to Build Psychological Safety in the Workplace\n](/resources/blog/psychological-safety-workplace \"How to Build Psychological\nSafety in the Workplace\")\n\n[ ](/resources/blog/9-employee-well-being-programs-from-the-100-best-\ncompanies)\n\n[ 9 Employee Well-being Programs From the 100 Best Companies\n](/resources/blog/9-employee-well-being-programs-from-the-100-best-companies\n\"9 Employee Well-being Programs From the 100 Best Companies\")\n\n[ ](/resources/podcast/the-wonderful-company-stephen-howe-great-place-to-live-\nand-work)\n\n[ The Wonderful Company\u2019s Stephen Howe on Creating a Great Place to Live and\nWork ](/resources/podcast/the-wonderful-company-stephen-howe-great-place-to-\nlive-and-work \"The Wonderful Company\u2019s Stephen Howe on Creating a Great Place\nto Live and Work\")\n\n[ ](/component/banners/click/97 \"MidPage_EV.Summit_Livestream_20250403.oad\")\n\n[ ](/resources/blog/dhl-salesforce-mastercard-and-others-get-more-employees-\nto-volunteer)\n\n[ How DHL, Salesforce, Mastercard, and Others Get More Employees to Volunteer\n](/resources/blog/dhl-salesforce-mastercard-and-others-get-more-employees-to-\nvolunteer \"How DHL, Salesforce, Mastercard, and Others Get More Employees to\nVolunteer\")\n\n[ ](/resources/blog/6-ways-companies-can-combat-loneliness-in-the-workplace)\n\n[ 6 Ways Companies Can Combat Loneliness in the Workplace\n](/resources/blog/6-ways-companies-can-combat-loneliness-in-the-workplace \"6\nWays Companies Can Combat Loneliness in the Workplace\")\n\n[ ](/resources/blog/having-seat-at-the-table-changes-everything-best-\nworkplaces-for-parents)\n\n[ Having a Seat at the Table Changes Everything at Best Workplaces for Parents\n](/resources/blog/having-seat-at-the-table-changes-everything-best-workplaces-\nfor-parents \"Having a Seat at the Table Changes Everything at Best Workplaces\nfor Parents\")\n\n[ ](/employee-wellbeing)\n\n[ Employee well-being report: Data-backed strategies to build a thriving\nworkplace ](/employee-wellbeing \"Employee well-being report: Data-backed\nstrategies to build a thriving workplace\")\n\n[ ](/resources/podcast/kim-jones-on-improving-workplace-trust)\n\n[ PwC's Kim Jones on Improving Workplace Trust ](/resources/podcast/kim-jones-\non-improving-workplace-trust \"PwC's Kim Jones on Improving Workplace Trust \")\n\n[ ](/resources/blog/9-ways-to-make-the-workplace-more-inclusive-for-women-\ngoing-through-menopause)\n\n[ 9 Ways To Make the Workplace More Inclusive for Women Going Through\nMenopause ](/resources/blog/9-ways-to-make-the-workplace-more-inclusive-for-\nwomen-going-through-menopause \"9 Ways To Make the Workplace More Inclusive for\nWomen Going Through Menopause \")\n\n[ ](/resources/blog/employee-well-being-dips-to-pre-pandemic-levels-black-\nfemale-young-employees-suffer-most)\n\n[ Employee Well-Being Dips to Pre-Pandemic Levels; Black, Female, and Young\nEmployees Suffer Most ](/resources/blog/employee-well-being-dips-to-pre-\npandemic-levels-black-female-young-employees-suffer-most \"Employee Well-Being\nDips to Pre-Pandemic Levels; Black, Female, and Young Employees Suffer Most\")\n\n[ ](/resources/podcast/ellen-mcgirt-on-supporting-caregivers-at-work)\n\n[ Ellen McGirt on Supporting Caregivers at Work ](/resources/podcast/ellen-\nmcgirt-on-supporting-caregivers-at-work \"Ellen McGirt on Supporting Caregivers\nat Work \")\n\n[ ](/resources/blog/how-great-companies-use-ai-to-mitigate-bias-in-the-\nworkplace)\n\n[ How Great Companies Use AI to Mitigate Bias in the Workplace\n](/resources/blog/how-great-companies-use-ai-to-mitigate-bias-in-the-workplace\n\"How Great Companies Use AI to Mitigate Bias in the Workplace \")\n\n[ ](/resources/blog/how-main-line-health-is-exploring-flexible-work-to-\npromote-psychological-well-being)\n\n[ How Main Line Health Is Exploring Flexible Work to Promote Psychological\nWell-being ](/resources/blog/how-main-line-health-is-exploring-flexible-work-\nto-promote-psychological-well-being \"How Main Line Health Is Exploring\nFlexible Work to Promote Psychological Well-being \")\n\n[ ](/resources/blog/best-workplaces-in-new-york-chicago-texas-bay-area-\nflexible-work)\n\n[ Whether Remote, Onsite, or Hybrid, Here\u2019s What Really Matters at the Best\nWorkplaces in New York, Chicago, Texas, and the Bay Area\n](/resources/blog/best-workplaces-in-new-york-chicago-texas-bay-area-flexible-\nwork \"Whether Remote, Onsite, or Hybrid, Here\u2019s What Really Matters at the\nBest Workplaces in New York, Chicago, Texas, and the Bay Area\")\n\n[ ](/resources/blog/5-ways-to-support-transgender-and-gender-non-conforming-\npeople-in-the-workplace)\n\n[ 5 Ways to Support Transgender and Gender Non-Conforming People in the\nWorkplace ](/resources/blog/5-ways-to-support-transgender-and-gender-non-\nconforming-people-in-the-workplace \"5 Ways to Support Transgender and Gender\nNon-Conforming People in the Workplace \")\n\n[ ](/resources/blog/neurodivergent-masking-employee-burnout)\n\n[ How Neurodivergent Masking Is Driving Employee Burnout\n](/resources/blog/neurodivergent-masking-employee-burnout \"How Neurodivergent\nMasking Is Driving Employee Burnout\")\n\n[ ](/resources/blog/how-best-workplaces-are-creating-more-well-being-for-\nemployees-in-2024)\n\n[ How Best Workplaces Promote Employee Well-Being in the Workplace\n](/resources/blog/how-best-workplaces-are-creating-more-well-being-for-\nemployees-in-2024 \"How Best Workplaces Promote Employee Well-Being in the\nWorkplace\")\n\n[ ](/resources/blog/what-every-company-can-do-to-improve-employee-well-being-\ntoday)\n\n[ What Every Company Can Do to Improve Employee Well-Being Today\n](/resources/blog/what-every-company-can-do-to-improve-employee-well-being-\ntoday \"What Every Company Can Do to Improve Employee Well-Being Today\")\n\n[ ](/resources/podcast/amy-edmondson-on-how-failing-well-can-help-companies-\nthrive)\n\n[ Amy Edmondson on How Failing Well Can Help Companies Thrive\n](/resources/podcast/amy-edmondson-on-how-failing-well-can-help-companies-\nthrive \"Amy Edmondson on How Failing Well Can Help Companies Thrive\")\n\n[ ](/resources/blog/5-workplace-well-being-lessons-from-toddlers)\n\n[ 5 Workplace Well-Being Lessons From Toddlers ](/resources/blog/5-workplace-\nwell-being-lessons-from-toddlers \"5 Workplace Well-Being Lessons From\nToddlers\")\n\n[ ](/resources/blog/what-employers-should-know-about-threats-to-ivf-and-\nfertility-care)\n\n[ What Employers Should Know About Threats to IVF and Fertility Care\n](/resources/blog/what-employers-should-know-about-threats-to-ivf-and-\nfertility-care \"What Employers Should Know About Threats to IVF and Fertility\nCare\")\n\n[ ](/resources/blog/most-popular-articles-2023)\n\n[ Most Popular Articles of 2023: Talent Management, Parental Leave, &\nWorkplace Wellness Trends ](/resources/blog/most-popular-articles-2023 \"Most\nPopular Articles of 2023: Talent Management, Parental Leave, & Workplace\nWellness Trends \")\n\n[ ](/resources/blog/scaling-global-workforce)\n\n[ When Scaling a Global Workforce, Keep Your Message Focused and Simple\n](/resources/blog/scaling-global-workforce \"When Scaling a Global Workforce,\nKeep Your Message Focused and Simple\")\n\n[ ](/resources/blog/best-workplaces-for-parents-support-from-managers-unlocks-\ngenerous-benefits)\n\n[ Best Workplaces for Parents: Supporting Families at Work\n](/resources/blog/best-workplaces-for-parents-support-from-managers-unlocks-\ngenerous-benefits \"Best Workplaces for Parents: Supporting Families at Work\")\n\n[ ](/resources/blog/6-tips-for-adopting-a-four-day-workweek)\n\n[ 6 Tips for Adopting a Four-Day Workweek ](/resources/blog/6-tips-for-\nadopting-a-four-day-workweek \"6 Tips for Adopting a Four-Day Workweek\")\n\n[ ](/resources/blog/to-support-transgender-employees,-make-allyship-a-\nmanagement-skill)\n\n[ To Support Transgender Employees, Make Allyship a Management Skill\n](/resources/blog/to-support-transgender-employees,-make-allyship-a-\nmanagement-skill \"To Support Transgender Employees, Make Allyship a Management\nSkill\")\n\n[ ](/resources/blog/amid-global-conflict-and-crisis-leaders-must-recommit-\nemployee-listening)\n\n[ Amid Global Conflict and Crisis, Leaders Must Recommit to Employee Listening\n](/resources/blog/amid-global-conflict-and-crisis-leaders-must-recommit-\nemployee-listening \"Amid Global Conflict and Crisis, Leaders Must Recommit to\nEmployee Listening\")\n\n[ ](/resources/blog/four-equities-offer-powerful-deib-framework)\n\n[ The Four Equities: A Powerful DEIB Framework ](/resources/blog/four-\nequities-offer-powerful-deib-framework \"The Four Equities: A Powerful DEIB\nFramework\")\n\n * Start \n * Prev \n * 1 \n * [ 2 ](/resources/employee-wellbeing?start=30)\n * [ 3 ](/resources/employee-wellbeing?start=60)\n * [ 4 ](/resources/employee-wellbeing?start=90)\n * [ Next ](/resources/employee-wellbeing?start=30 \"Next\")\n * [ End ](/resources/employee-wellbeing?start=90 \"End\")\n\nPage 1 of 4\n\n * [ Offerings ](/solutions/certification)\n * [ Great Place To Work Certification ](/solutions/certification)\n * [ Employer Awards ](/solutions/recognition)\n * [ Employee Surveys ](/solutions/employee-surveys)\n * [ For All Summit ](/for-all-summit)\n * [ Customer Reviews ](/reviews)\n\n * [ Best workplaces ](/solutions/certification)\n * [ Certified companies ](/certified-companies)\n * [ Recent list publications ](/best-workplaces)\n * [ Upcoming list publications and deadlines ](/list-calendar)\n\n * [ Popular lists ](/best-workplaces)\n * [ _Fortune_ 100 Best Companies to Work For \u00ae ](/best-companies-to-work-for)\n * [ PEOPLE \u00ae 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"page_content": "Skip to main content\n\n * * * [ Subscribe ](https://news.whitecase.com/5/38/forms/subscribe.asp \"Subscribe\")\n\nTime%20to%20get%20to%20know%20your%20supply%20chain%3A%20EU%20adopts%20Corporate%20Sustainability%20Due%20Diligence%20Directive%20 \nhttps://www.whitecase.com/insight-alert/time-get-know-your-supply-chain-eu-\nadopts-corporate-sustainability-due-diligence \n \nhttps://news.whitecase.com/5/38/forms/subscribe.asp\n\nmailto:?subject=Time%20to%20get%20to%20know%20your%20supply%20chain%3A%20EU%20adopts%20Corporate%20Sustainability%20Due%20Diligence%20Directive%20&body=https://www.whitecase.com/insight-\nalert/time-get-know-your-supply-chain-eu-adopts-corporate-sustainability-due-\ndiligence\n\nhttps://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://www.whitecase.com/insight-\nalert/time-get-know-your-supply-chain-eu-adopts-corporate-sustainability-due-\ndiligence&title=Time%20to%20get%20to%20know%20your%20supply%20chain%3A%20EU%20adopts%20Corporate%20Sustainability%20Due%20Diligence%20Directive%20&source=www.whitecase.com\n\nhttps://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Time%20to%20get%20to%20know%20your%20supply%20chain%3A%20EU%20adopts%20Corporate%20Sustainability%20Due%20Diligence%20Directive%20&url=https://www.whitecase.com/insight-\nalert/time-get-know-your-supply-chain-eu-adopts-corporate-sustainability-due-\ndiligence&via=WhiteCase\n\nhttps://www.facebook.com/share.php?u=https://www.whitecase.com/insight-\nalert/time-get-know-your-supply-chain-eu-adopts-corporate-sustainability-due-\ndiligence&t=Time%20to%20get%20to%20know%20your%20supply%20chain%3A%20EU%20adopts%20Corporate%20Sustainability%20Due%20Diligence%20Directive%20\n\nhttps://news.whitecase.com/5/38/forms/subscribe.asp\n\n# Time to get to know your supply chain: EU adopts Corporate Sustainability\nDue Diligence Directive\n\nAlert\n\n05 July 2024\n\n|\n\n* * *\n\n12 min read\n\n[ Clare Connellan ](/people/clare-connellan \"Clare Connellan\") | \n\n[ Genevra Forwood ](/people/genevra-forwood \"Genevra Forwood\") | \n\n[ Sara Nordin ](/people/sara-nordin \"Sara Nordin\") | \n\n[ William De Catelle ](/people/william-de-catelle \"William De Catelle\") | \n\n[ Janina Moutia-Bloom ](/people/janina-moutia-bloom \"Janina Moutia-Bloom\")\n\n* * *\n\n**After a two-and-half-year legislative journey, the EU's Corporate\nSustainability Due Diligence Directive (\"CSDDD\"), has been formally adopted,\nand was published in the EU Official Journal on 5 July 2024. 1 It will come\ninto operation in a staggered way in the coming years, and will introduce\nmandatory human rights and environmental due diligence requirements for large\nEU and non-EU companies operating in the EU. **\n\n## What is the objective of the CSDDD?\n\nThe aim of the CSDDD is to ensure that EU and non-EU companies active in the\nEU:\n\n\"contribute to sustainable development and the sustainability transition of\neconomies and societies through the **identification, and where necessary,\nprioritisation, prevention and mitigation, bringing to an end, minimisation\nand remediation** of actual or **potential adverse human rights and\nenvironmental impacts** connected with companies' own operations, operations\nof their subsidiaries and of their business partners in the chains of\nactivities of the companies, and ensuring that **those affected** by a failure\nto respect this duty **have access to justice and legal remedies** \". 2\n\n## How does the CSDDD interact with other laws?\n\nObligations under the CSDDD will apply in addition to other more specific, or\npotentially stricter due diligence obligations under other EU laws such as the\nConflict Minerals Regulation, the Batteries Regulation, 3 the Deforestation\nRegulation, 4 and the forthcoming Forced Labour Regulation. 5\n\nThe CSDDD introduces minimum harmonization, meaning Member States cannot lower\nthe level of protection when transposing the CSDDD into national law. Equally,\nthe CSDDD may not serve as grounds for Member States to reduce the level of\nprotection already afforded under national laws to human, employment and\nsocial rights, or protection of the environment or climate. 6 It is expected\nthat existing laws such as Germany's Supply Chain Act (LkSG) and France's loi\nde vigilance will be affected by the national implementation of the CSDDD.\n\nExcept for the due diligence provisions relating to the identification,\nprevention and termination of adverse impacts, Member States are free to go\nbeyond the CSDDD and introduce stricter obligations or a wider scope. 7\n\n## Which companies are within scope?\n\nThe thresholds for in-scope 'companies' 8 have been substantially revised\nsince the initial proposal. After a phased implementation, the CSDDD will\napply to: 9\n\n * EU companies (i.e., companies established under the laws of a Member State) that had above 1,000 employees and above EUR 450 million 'net worldwide turnover' in the last financial year; and \n * Non-EU companies (i.e., companies established outside of the EU) that generated a 'net turnover in the Union' of more than EUR 450 million in the financial year preceding the last financial year. 10 \n\nThe CSDDD will only apply to those EU and non-EU companies which satisfy the\nrelevant criteria above for two consecutive financial years. 11\n\nThe CSDDD also extends to EU and non-EU \"ultimate parent companies\" of groups\nof EU and/or non-EU companies \u2013 which, taken together as a group, meet the\nabove thresholds. However, an ultimate parent company may be exempt12 if \"[it]\nhas as its main activity the holding of shares in operational subsidiaries and\ndoes not engage in taking management, operational or financial decisions\naffecting the group or one or more of its subsidiaries\" and on condition that\none of its EU subsidiaries is designated to fulfil the parent's obligations\nunder the CSDDD, and the parent has obtained an exemption from the competent\nsupervisory authority. 13\n\n## When will companies have to comply?\n\nThe CSDDD must be transposed by Member States into national law by 26 July\n2026. These new rules will become applicable to companies according to a\nstaggered timeline set out below, to enable them to prepare. This means that\nit will be several years before the new rules take full effect.\n\nThese new rules will become applicable to companies according to a staggered\ntimeline set out below, to enable them to prepare. This means that it will be\nseveral years before the new rules take full effect.\n\n**Category** | **Net turnover threshold** | **Number of employees** | **Date of application for companies 14 ** \n---|---|---|--- \nEU companies | **EUR 1,500 m (global)** | **5,000** | **26 July 2027** \n**EUR 900 m (global)** | **3,000** | **26 July 2028** \n**EUR 450 m (global)** | **1,000** | **26 July 2029** \nNon-EU companies | **EUR 1,500 m (in EU)** | **N/A** | **26 July 2027** \n**EUR 900 m (in EU)** | **N/A** | **26 July 2028** \n**EUR 450 m (in EU)** | **N/A** | **26 July 2029** \nEU Franchisors/ Licensors | **Turnover: EUR 80 m (global)** | **N/A** | **26 July 2029** \n**Royalties: EUR 22.5 m (global)** \nNon-EU Franchisors/ Licensors | **Turnover: EUR 80 m (in EU)** | **N/A** | **26 July 2029** \n**Royalties: EUR 22.5 m (in EU)** \n \n## What are the specific obligations for companies?\n\n**In-scope companies must take various steps to manage actual and potential\nadverse impacts of their activities on human rights and environmental matters,\narising from (i) their own operations, (ii) the operations of their\nsubsidiaries, and (iii) the operations of their business partners in its chain\nof activities. 15 **\n\nThe \"chain of activities\" does not cover disposal of products, or activities\nof a company's downstream business partners related to the services of the\ncompany. However, it does cover:\n\n * The activities of a **company's upstream business** partners related to the production of goods or the provision of services by the company (including the design, extraction, sourcing, manufacture, transport, storage and supply of raw materials, products or part of the products and development of the product or the service). \n * The activities of a **company's downstream business** partners related to the distribution, transport and storage of the product \u2013 where the business partners carry out those activities for the company or on behalf of the company. \n\n### Core obligations\n\nThe CSDDD's core obligations require in-scope companies to:\n\n * Adopt a 'risk-based' approach to human rights and environmental due diligence (Article 5); \n * Integrate due diligence into all relevant policies and risk management systems (Article 7); \n * Identify and assess actual or potential adverse impacts, and, where necessary, prioritise potential and actual adverse impacts (Articles 8 and 9); \n * Prevent and (where not possible or immediately possible) mitigate potential adverse impacts; and bring actual adverse impacts to an end and minimise their extent (Articles 10 and 11); \n * Provide remediation for actual adverse impacts (Article 12); \n * Carry out meaningful stakeholder engagement (Article 13); \n * Establish and maintain a notification mechanism and complaints procedure (Article 14); \n * Monitor the effectiveness of due diligence policy and measures (Article 15); \n * Publicly communicate on due diligence (Article 16); \n * Adopting and putting into effect a climate transition plan (Article 22); and \n * Designate an authorised representative (Article 23). \n\nThe main due diligence obligations under the CSDDD are \"obligations of means\",\nnot \"obligations of result\". Companies are not expected to guarantee that\nadverse impacts will not occur, nor that they will always be prevented. But\nthey are expected to take \"appropriate measures\": measures that are capable of\nachieving the objectives of due diligence. 16 Such measures include\ndeveloping and implementing a prevention action plan; seeking contractual\nassurances from business partners accompanied by measures to verify\ncompliance; making necessary financial or non-financial investments,\nadjustments or upgrades into operational processes and infrastructures;\nmodifying the company's own business plan, strategies and operations including\npurchasing, design and distribution practices; providing targeted and\nproportionate support from SME business partners; or providing remediation.\n\nWhere impacts cannot be prevented or adequately mitigated, minimised or bought\nto an end, as a last resort, the company must: (i) refrain from entering into\nnew or extending existing relations with the relevant business partner; (ii)\nadopt and implement an enhanced prevention action plan without undue delay by\nusing the company's leverage through the temporary suspension of the relevant\nbusiness relationship(s); or (iii) terminate the business relationship (if\nthere is no reasonable expectation that (ii) will succeed).\n\n### Transition Plans for Climate Change Mitigation\n\nIn-scope companies must adopt and implement a transition plan for climate\nchange mitigation which aims to ensure \"through best efforts\" that the\nbusiness model and strategy of the company align with the Paris Agreement.\nSpecifically, the transition plan shall contain: (i) time-bound targets\n(including for 2030 and for 2050) and key actions planned for reaching them;\n(ii) a description of decarbonisation levers; (iii) an explanation and\nquantification of investments and funding supporting the implementation of the\ntransition plan; and (iv) a description of the role of company management in\nconnection with the plan. 17\n\nCompanies that comply with the EU Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive\n(CSRD) 18 will be deemed to have complied with this obligation under the\nCSDDD.\n\n## What are the consequences for non-compliance?\n\n### Enforcement and Penalties\n\nThe CSDDD will be enforced by the supervisory authorities of Member States,\nwhich will be empowered to carry out investigations where they consider there\nto be \"substantiated concerns\" and may require companies to provide\ninformation in connection with suspected non-compliance with the obligations\nset out in Articles 7 to 16. National supervisory authorities will also be\nrequired to \"at least supervise\" the adoption and design (and updating) of\ncompanies' transition plans. However, they are not required to supervise their\nimplementation. Furthermore, there is no indication that such supervision will\nencompass the formal approval of such transition plans, however, an\nauthority's assessment and determination of non-compliance could give rise to\none of the consequences set out below.\n\nIf a supervisory authority identifies an act of (or an omission amounting to)\nnon-compliance, it may:\n\n * Order a company to cease the relevant conduct or perform an action to bring it into compliance; abstain from repeating the prohibited conduct; and where appropriate, take remedial action within an appropriate period of time. \n * Impose a penalty. Penalties will be set by Member States, but shall be effective, proportionate and dissuasive, and take into account a range of factors, 19 with the maximum penalty to be at least 5% of the relevant company's net worldwide turnover in the previous financial year. 20 A pecuniary penalty on an ultimate parent company of a group, shall be calculated based on the consolidated turnover reported by the ultimate parent company. 21 \n\nAdopt interim measures in case of imminent risk of severe and irreparable\nharm. 22\n\nThe CSDDD also notes that Member States have the power to \"withdraw and to\nprohibit the placing, making available on the market and export of products\nunder other Union legislative acts\". 23\n\n### Civil liability and other consequences\n\nThe CSDDD requires Member States to ensure that companies can be held liable\nfor damages caused to natural or legal persons where the company\n\"intentionally or negligently\" fails to comply with Article 10 and 11\nobligations (to prevent and mitigate impact, or to end or minimise such\nimpacts), although this is limited to situations where the relevant rights,\nprohibitions or obligations are aimed at protecting the specific claimant, and\nthe failure caused damage. 24\n\nWhile the \"causality\" would be a question for domestic courts to determine in\naccordance with national law, the CSDDD specifically excludes liability if the\ndamage is caused only by the business partners in the company's chain of\nactivities. 25 However, where damage is found to have been caused jointly by\nthe company and its subsidiary, or by the company and a business partner, the\ncompany will be jointly and severally liable. 26\n\nFull compensation under the CSDDD shall not lead to overcompensation, whether\nby means of punitive, multiple or other types of damages. 27\n\nMember States may determine the conditions under which trade unions, civil\nsociety organisations and national human rights institutions can bring\ncollective redress mechanisms on behalf of victims. 28\n\nCompliance with the CSDDD could also be qualified as a criterion for the award\nof public contracts and concessions. As a result, any non-compliance could\nconstitute a breach of any such contract or terms of concession. 29\n\n## What next?\n\nThe CSDDD's entry into force on 25 July 2024 triggers the transposition period\nfor Member States to adopt national laws transposing the CSDDD obligations.\nCompanies will need to comply according to the staggered timeline set out\nabove.\n\nA \"review\" provision at Article 36(2) of the CSDDD will require the Commission\n(by 26 July 2030 and every three years thereafter) to submit to the Parliament\nand Council a report and any accompanying legislative proposals considered\nnecessary, on whether to amend key elements of the legislation including: the\nemployee and net turnover thresholds for falling in-scope; the definition of\nthe term \"chain of activities\"; the rules on combatting climate change,\npenalties and civil liability; or (introduction of) sector-specific approach\nfor high-risk sectors. 30\n\nRuth Benbow (Knowledge Manager, London) contributed to the development of this\npublication.\n\n1 Directive (EU) 2024/1760 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13\nJune 2024 on corporate sustainability due diligence and amending Directive\n(EU) 2019/1937 and Regulation (EU) 2023/2859, available [ here\n](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=OJ:L_202401760) . \n2 Recital 16. \n3 See White & Case alert, \u201cNew EU Batteries Regulation: introducing enhanced\nsustainability, recycling and safety requirements\u201d, 2 August 2023, available\n[ here ](https://www.whitecase.com/insight-alert/new-eu-batteries-regulation-\nintroducing-enhanced-sustainability-recycling-and-safety) . \n4 See White & Case alert, \u201c10 key things to know about the new EU\nDeforestation Regulation\u201d, 21 July 2023, available [ here\n](https://www.whitecase.com/insight-alert/10-key-things-know-about-new-eu-\ndeforestation-regulation) . \n5 The CSDDD provides that if a provision conflicts with another EU legislative\nact pursuing the same objectives and providing for more extensive or more\nspecific obligations, that other EU legislative act shall prevail. Article\n1(3). \n6 Article 1(2). \n7 Article 4. \n8 Article 3(1)(a) contains a detailed definition of 'company'. \n9 Article 2. \n10 The European Network of Supervisory Authorities will publish an indicative\nlist of third-country companies subject to the CSDDD. \n11 As explored in the table above, lower financial thresholds will also apply\nto EU and non-EU companies that rely on franchise or license models where the\ncompany's or group's agreements with third parties ensure a common identity, a\ncommon business concept and the application of uniform business methods. See\nArticle 2(1)(c) and 2(2)(c). \n12 Other types of entities are also exempt from complying with obligations\nunder the CSDDD, including Alternative Investment Funds (AIFs) and\nundertakings for collective investment in transferable securities (UCITS).\nArticle 2(8). \n13 Article 2(3). \n14 Note that the obligation to communicate on due diligence (article 16)\nfollows a different timeline (Article 37). \n15 Article 1(a). \n16 Recital 19. \n17 Article 22. \n18 See W&C's contribution to ICC UK's Trade for Prosperity magazine \u201cThe\nCorporate Sustainability Reporting Directive: EU rules with global impact on\nbusiness\u201d, Spring 2024, available [ here\n](https://cloud.3dissue.com/176015/176404/205852/ICCTradeForProsperityWS24DE/index.html)\n, page 90. \n19 These are: (a) the nature, gravity and duration of the infringement, and\nthe severity of the impacts resulting from that infringement; (b) any\ninvestments made and any targeted support provided pursuant to Articles 10 and\n11; (c) any collaboration with other entities to address the impacts\nconcerned; (d) where relevant, the extent to which prioritisation decisions\nwere made in accordance with Article 9; (e) any relevant previous decisions\nfinding infringements by the company; (f) the extent to which the company\ncarried out any remedial action with regard to the concerned subject-matter;\n(g) the financial benefits gained from or losses avoided by the company due to\nthe infringement; and (h) any other aggravating or mitigating factors\napplicable to the circumstances of the case. See Article 27(2). \n20 Article 27(4). \n21 Article 27(4). \n22 Article 25(5)(c). \n23 Recital 76. \n24 Article 29(1). \n25 Article 29(1). \n26 Article 29(5). \n27 Article 29(2). \n28 Article 29(3)(d). \n29 Article 31. \n30 Article 36.\n\nWhite & Case means the international legal practice comprising White & Case\nLLP, a New York State registered limited liability partnership, White & Case\nLLP, a limited liability partnership incorporated under English law and all\nother affiliated partnerships, companies and entities.\n\nThis article is prepared for the general information of interested persons. It\nis not, and does not attempt to be, comprehensive in nature. 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"url": "https://www.whitecase.com/insight-alert/time-get-know-your-supply-chain-eu-adopts-corporate-sustainability-due-diligence"
},
"reason": "White & Case is a reputable international law firm. This insight alert provides information on the EU's adoption of corporate sustainability due diligence, which is relevant to supply chain human rights.",
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"source": "https://www.zendesk.com/sg/blog/employee-wellbeing/"
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"page_content": "Skip to main content\n\n## [ Article ](/sg/blog/tags/article/) \u2022 1 min read\n\n# What is employee well-being and why is it important?\n\nEmployee well-being is essential for companies to thrive. Learn how it impacts\nyour business and strategies to prioritize well-being in the workplace.\n\nBy Hannah Wren, Staff Writer\n\nLast updated April 16, 2024\n\n * [ ](https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https://zdsk.co/3JcGa0r&text=What%20is%20employee%20well-being%20and%20why%20is%20it%20important%3F)\n * [ ](https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://zdsk.co/4cTh3O0)\n * [ ](https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://zdsk.co/4cS0Jgb)\n * [ ](https://www.zendesk.com/public/assets/sitemaps/sg/feed.xml)\n\nFocusing on employee well-being can increase team retention rates, boost\nproductivity, and foster a better [ customer experience (CX) ](/sg/blog/why-\ncompanies-should-invest-in-the-customer-experience/) .\n\nWe\u2019ll explore how your organization can better understand employee well-being,\nimplement initiatives to promote health, and collect data on the process to\nclearly comprehend what is succeeding.\n\nGet started and provide a comprehensive [ employee experience (EX)\n](/sg/blog/employee-experience/) that positively impacts your customers, too.\n\n**More in this guide:**\n\n * What is employee well-being? \n * Why is the well-being of employees important? \n * The 5 pillars of employee well-being \n * How to measure the well-being of employees \n * How to improve well-being in the workplace \n * Frequently asked questions \n * Prioritize employee well-being today \n\n## What is employee well-being?\n\nEmployee well-being refers to the holistic state of an individual\u2019s physical,\nmental, and emotional health at work. It encompasses factors like job\nsatisfaction, stress levels, and work-life balance. Employee well-being is\nincreasingly recognized as a crucial component of workplace productivity and\nemployee retention.\n\nMany workplace aspects can affect an employee\u2019s well-being, including [\ncompany culture ](/sg/blog/guide-building-customer-centric-organizational-\nculture/) , management, work schedules, benefits, perks, and compensation.\nAnother common component of employee well-being is work-life balance, which\ncan be influenced by factors outside of work.\n\n## Why is the well-being of employees important?\n\nBeyond showcasing genuine care for the happiness of your workforce, employee\nwell-being is paramount because it can positively or negatively affect a\nbusiness. Here are five reasons you should consider investing in the well-\nbeing of your employees and, by extension, your overall organization.\n\n### Increases employee retention\n\n[ Satisfied employees ](/sg/blog/employee-satisfaction-guide/) don\u2019t vacate\nroles as quickly as those who are unsatisfied. Individuals who feel happy in\ntheir current role, with a healthy work-life balance, advancement\nopportunities, and a positive work culture, are more likely to stay with their\nemployer. For businesses, this increased employee retention can also mitigate\nthe need for extra training and onboarding costs for new employees.\n\n### Boosts employee productivity and motivation\n\nFocusing on employee well-being can lead to increased motivation and\nproductivity. There is a reason work songs were a widespread phenomenon at one\npoint\u2014they boosted employee morale and increased production rates.\n\nYou don\u2019t need a catchy tune in your workplace, though. Instead, focus on\nimplementing well-being initiatives that increase satisfaction and motivate\nemployees.\n\n### Provides a better customer experience\n\nWell-being doesn\u2019t stop with employees\u2014it can also have a far-reaching effect\non customers. Happy employees bring their attitude to the work environment,\nwhich can [ improve the customer experience ](/sg/blog/improving-employee-\nexperience/) . Take note that AI is becoming a big contributor to this.\n\nAccording to the [ Zendesk Customer Experience Trends Report 2024\n](https://cxtrends.zendesk.com/) , 70 percent of CX leaders plan to integrate\ngenerative AI into many of their touchpoints within the next two years. AI-\npowered bots for customer support can reduce the workload and stress for human\nagents, improving overall well-being in the workplace. The resulting benefit\nis a better customer experience, as agents have a better outlook from feeling\nless overwhelmed by too many tasks.\n\nIf you need help figuring out where to start, consider your employees\u2019\nwellness needs and [ map your employee experience journey ](/sg/blog/employee-\nexperience-journey-mapping/) for insight. As your employees grow, so will your\nbusiness\u2019s [ customer satisfaction ](/sg/blog/3-steps-achieving-customer-\nsatisfaction-loyalty/) rates.\n\n### Enhances brand reputation\n\nWell-being can enhance a brand\u2019s reputation, making it more appealing to\npotential new team members, clients, and customers. According to [ Jobvite\n](https://web.jobvite.com/rs/328-BQS-080/images/2022-12-HowtoBuildaGreatEmployerBrand.pdf)\n, businesses with strong company values are more likely to attract top talent.\n\nCustomers are also sensitive to how brands treat employees, with most\npreferring to do business with companies they feel have positive, humane core\nvalues.\n\n### Improves employee satisfaction and engagement\n\nWell-being initiatives can improve [ employee satisfaction\n](/sg/blog/employee-satisfaction-guide/) and engagement. When employees are\nmore engaged at work, they are more likely to contribute to a healthy work\nculture. A culture with communication and respect helps employees feel more\nvalued and promotes better team collaboration.\n\nWhen employees are satisfied and engaged, you will see their best work.\n\n## The 5 pillars of employee well-being\n\nThe five pillars of employee well-being can be good guidelines for\nestablishing a healthy and supportive workplace.\n\n 1. **Career well-being** focuses on employees\u2019 ability to grow and advance in their careers. You might provide training programs or other resources to help employees reach their goals. \n 2. **Social well-being** emphasizes the importance of the relationships between people in a workplace. Encourage team-building exercises or social gatherings to help employees bond. \n 3. **Financial well-being** refers to an employee\u2019s economic stability. Offer competitive salaries and benefits to support your staff\u2019s well-being. \n 4. **Physical well-being** revolves around an employee\u2019s physical health. Consider including additional healthcare benefits or offering nutritious snacks in the breakroom. \n 5. **Emotional well-being** is all about your employees\u2019 [ mental health ](/sg/blog/talking-about-mental-health-at-work/) . You might allow time for mindfulness programs and provide more flexible working conditions. \n\nBy better understanding the five pillars, teams can brainstorm and focus on\nareas that contribute to employee mental and physical health.\n\n## How to measure the well-being of employees\n\nYou can measure employee well-being over time using proper methods and\navailable software tools. You may also opt for direct feedback from your\nworkforce. Here are a few tactics you can use to measure the well-being of\nemployees.\n\n### Use reporting and analytics tools\n\nReporting and analytics tools can help businesses summarize large amounts of\nemployee data to gain a deeper understanding of well-being. You can visualize\nmetrics, such as variations in productivity, to identify correlations between\nemployee initiatives and recent changes.\n\nFor instance, analytics tools can visualize employee vacation days or sick\nleave. If you can see how often employees submit these requests, you can get a\nbetter sense of their work-life balance.\n\nMetrics can also provide insights into the employee experience. If your IT or\nHR departments receive recurring ticket requests, for example, that may\nindicate your workforce is encountering friction with a poor tech stack or\nunclear workplace policies.\n\n### Send out employee satisfaction surveys\n\nEmployee satisfaction surveys\u2014and that measure employee engagement\u2014are a great\nway to measure your employees\u2019 well-being in the workplace.\n\nBusinesses can turn collected data into action by continuing effective\ninitiatives or discontinuing those deemed ineffective. Continuing from our\nprevious IT and HR ticketing example, sending out a satisfaction survey after\nresolving a ticket may be beneficial to understanding how supported employees\nfeel.\n\nA business should carry on with a well-being initiative if positive metrics\nare observed, such as increased productivity or decreased employee turnover.\nOtherwise, decision-makers should consider investing in a different wellness\nprogram that may have a better impact.\n\n### Collect employee feedback\n\nSpeaking to your employees can give you the most detailed feedback. Setting up\nregular one-on-one meetings between staff and their managers is a good option\nfor qualitative data collection. However, you must cultivate a safe space\nwhere team members can share ideas and opinions openly. It\u2019s also important to\nensure employees feel comfortable contacting HR to provide feedback when\nnecessary.\n\nAlternatively, you can send anonymous surveys. Employees may feel more\ncomfortable giving honest answers, so you can receive genuine responses.\n\n### Analyze employee turnover\n\nIf your business is experiencing high [ employee turnover ](/sg/blog/employee-\nturnover/) , it may indicate that you need to improve employee well-being\ninitiatives. Employees tend to stay with companies when their well-being is\npositive, so turnover can be the alarm that signals something is wrong.\n\nAs you implement well-being initiatives, monitor employee turnover by\ncomparing the average employee retention time between onboarding and\noffboarding. If you improve well-being, the average employee retention time\nshould increase.\n\nYou can also leverage [ AI to create a better employee experience\n](/sg/blog/ai-for-employee-experience/) . For example, with predictive\nanalytics, HR teams can use AI to identify agent burnout and address the issue\nwith proactive support and prevent turnover.\n\n### Examine employee engagement\n\n[ Employee engagement ](/sg/blog/employee-engagement/) rates are bound to\ndecrease if workplace well-being is struggling. Gathering employee\nmotivational level metrics\u2014such as how often they participate in optional\nculture initiatives or their willingness to take on another task\u2014is an\nexcellent way to understand their mindset and prevent burnout.\n\nAnother common sign that employee engagement is suffering is increased\nabsenteeism, which could indicate a lack of motivation to work. An [ employee\nengagement platform ](/sg/internal-help-desk/employee-engagement-software/)\ncan help you tackle absenteeism and low engagement rates. This tool is\ndesigned to enhance the employee experience while increasing organizational\nefficiency.\n\n### Employee Experience Trends Report 2024\n\nLearn how companies are transforming the workplace to better support hybrid\nwork, increase employee productivity, and more.\n\n[ Get the report ](https://www.zendesk.com/mc/employee-experience/)\n\n## How to improve well-being in the workplace\n\nThere are various ways to improve well-being in the workplace, but not all\nemployees react the same to initiatives. You can enact common ideas within\nyour workplace to get started on the right track.\n\nMany employees highly value flexible working environments and access to\nwellness programs. Ensuring your employees have a modern HR experience can be\nanother supporting factor.\n\n### Enable flexible work environments\n\nModern workplaces must learn to work with employees to develop more flexible\nyet productive schedules. According to the [ Zendesk Employee Experience\nTrends Report 2024 ](https://www.zendesk.com/mc/employee-experience/) , 87\npercent of EX leaders believe that providing flexible work schedules is key to\nenhancing employee productivity.\n\nYou can implement core hours, where employees must be available at set times\nbut can opt to come into or leave the office at varying times. You can also\ntest remote work or hybrid schedules, which could benefit parents or long-\ndistance commuters.\n\n### Create a modern HR experience\n\nAny barriers frustrate employees when they attempt to communicate with HR or [\ninternal customer service ](/sg/blog/internal-customer-service-make-improve-\nemployee-experience/) . Modernize your employee experience by utilizing AI-\npowered [ HR help desk software ](/sg/internal-help-desk/hr-help-desk-\nsoftware/) that streamlines collaboration between your employees and the HR\nteam. Enable open communication and transform how your team works with 21st-\ncentury HR help desk features, including:\n\n * An omnichannel ticketing system that enables employees to contact HR on modern messaging channels like Slack \n\n * Self-service solutions, such as internal knowledge bases \n\n * Reporting and analytics tools to measure support operations \n\n * Integrations with third-party solutions, such as payroll \n\n * AI-powered bots and automated workflows \n\n### Invest in employee development\n\nInvesting in development is crucial because employees greatly value career\nadvancement. You can provide on-the-job training programs, such as lunch-and-\nlearns, or offer incentives for external continuous learning.\n\nProviding one-on-one mentoring opportunities from within the company is\nanother excellent way to support and help advance your workforce. If resources\npermit, you can consider individual development plans for employees to\npersonalize growth opportunities. If you don\u2019t know where to start, tools like\n[ Zendesk QA ](/sg/service/quality-assurance/) can highlight coaching\nopportunities and offer insights to improve service quality.\n\n### Empower employees with the right tools\n\nIn a modern work environment, employees need the right tools to get work done\nefficiently. Utilizing outdated solutions can cause excess friction, affecting\nemployees and decreasing their overall well-being.\n\nThe Zendesk Employee Experience Trends Report 2024 found that over 30 percent\nof EX leaders note overcoming challenges in remote software troubleshooting\nand support as a significant issue. So, it\u2019s critical to invest in the right\ntools so employees are empowered to do their best work rather than struggle\nwith overly complex, dated interfaces.\n\n### Provide access to wellness programs and resources\n\nProviding access to wellness programs and resources can positively impact\nemployee well-being. At-will programs allow employees to pick and choose the\nsolutions that work best for them.\n\nYou may consider including employee mental health programs, activities to\nreduce workplace stress, and access to fitness classes.\n\nImplementing Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs) is another excellent way to\nsupport well-being. EAPs can give employees access to health counseling,\nfinancial services, and legal assistance when they need it. Additionally, your\nbusinesses can include this information within a [ knowledge base\n](/sg/blog/knowledge-base/) so employees can see it at any time.\n\n### Cultivate a positive culture and environment\n\nWe all want to work in a positive work environment, and the best way to begin\nmaking a difference is from the top down. Managers and executives must lead by\nexample to help promote a healthy company culture that impacts employees.\nManagement teams should discuss and then showcase the values they find most\nsignificant.\n\nFostering and maintaining effective communication is also critical for healthy\nwork environments. Employees should feel they can express their ideas and\nfeedback without concern. Leadership seminars promoting active listening and\nconstructive criticism are excellent starting points for workplaces where\nmanagement teams may not yet possess the desired skill sets.\n\n## Frequently asked questions\n\nEmployers should invest in the well-being of their employees because a\nsatisfied workforce can positively impact the business. Investing in wellness\nprograms can improve productivity, help increase employee retention numbers,\nand boost employee motivation.\n\nThe five elements of employee well-being include career, social, financial,\nphysical, and emotional well-being. Businesses can divide employee well-being\ninto these elements, or pillars, to better determine where to focus their\nfuture initiatives.\n\nUnderstanding your organization\u2019s current wellness state is critical to\nimplementing an employee well-being program or strategy. Once understood, a\nbusiness should set clear objectives and goals and develop a plan to execute\nthem.\n\nA successful well-being strategy requires ongoing communication and program\nadjustments with feedback continually sourced from employees.\n\nWell-being in the workplace can help improve company culture by boosting\nmotivational levels and instilling self-satisfaction.\n\nCompany culture is a conglomerate of different workplace aspects, but enabling\na feeling of well-being and support is a solid first step towards a healthier\nworkplace.\n\n## Prioritize employee well-being today\n\nEmployee experience directly impacts the customer service quality employees\ndeliver\u201487 percent of respondents acknowledge this in the recent Zendesk\nEmployee Experience Trends Report. That means businesses of all sizes and\nacross industries should prioritize employee well-being. Once an organization\nunderstands the components of employee well-being, it can implement\ninitiatives and monitor them to ensure success. Learn more about the\nimportance of this in the Zendesk EX Trends Report 2024.\n\n### Employee Experience Trends Report 2024\n\nLearn how companies are transforming the workplace to better support hybrid\nwork, increase employee productivity, and more.\n\n[ Get the report ](https://www.zendesk.com/mc/employee-experience/)\n\n## Related stories\n\n## [ Article ](/sg/blog/tags/article/) \n5 min read\n\n### [ People-centric HR: What it is + why it\u2019s important ](/sg/blog/people-\ncentric-hr/)\n\nWhat is people-centric HR? People-centric HR is an approach that prioritizes\nthe needs and experiences of\u2026\n\n[ Workforce engagement management ](/sg/blog/tags/workforce-engagement-\nmanagement/)\n\n## [ Article ](/sg/blog/tags/article/) \n5 min read\n\n### [ Bridging the AI gap in HR: Why employee buy-in is key\n](/sg/blog/zip1-bridging-the-ai-gap-in-hr/)\n\nA critical disconnect is unfolding between HR leaders and the very people they\nserve. While 89\u2026\n\n[ Customers and partners ](/sg/blog/tags/customers-and-partners-zip/)\n\n## [ Article ](/sg/blog/tags/article/) \n3 min read\n\n### [ 3 ways AI bolsters employee productivity and satisfaction\n](/sg/blog/zip1-ai-employee-productivity/)\n\nA happier workforce isn\u2019t just a nice-to-have\u2014it\u2019s essential for success.\nResearch consistently shows that happy employees\u2026\n\n[ Customers and partners ](/sg/blog/tags/customers-and-partners-zip/) [\nExecutive insights ](/sg/blog/tags/executive-insights-zip/)\n\n## [ Article ](/sg/blog/tags/article/) \n1 min read\n\n### [ 10 essential books and podcasts for IT leaders in 2025\n](/sg/blog/10-essential-books-and-podcasts-for-it-leaders-in-2025/)\n\nThese 10 essential resources, curated by our team of experts, will help you\ndesign better employee\u2026\n\n#### Zendesk in Action - APAC\n\nJoin us to learn the best practices and proven strategies needed to create a\nbetter service experience for both your customers and your team, and better\nunderstand how emerging tech like AI can be implemented today to level up your\nservice delivery.\n\n[ Watch on-demand ](https://www.zendesk.com/au/lp/zendesk-in-action-hub)\n\n[ ](/sg/)\n\n#### Champions of customer service\n\n## Our Products\n\n * [ Zendesk for customer service ](/sg/service/)\n * [ Zendesk for employee service ](/sg/employee-service/)\n * [ Sunshine Platform ](/sg/platform/)\n * [ Marketplace ](/sg/marketplace/)\n * [ Product updates ](https://support.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/sections/4405298877338-What-s-New-in-Zendesk/)\n\n## Top Features\n\n * [ Ticketing system ](/sg/service/ticketing-system/)\n * [ Messaging & live chat ](/sg/service/messaging/)\n * [ Help centre ](/sg/service/help-center/)\n * [ Voice ](/sg/service/voice/)\n * [ Community forums ](/sg/service/community-forum/)\n * [ Reporting & analytics ](/sg/service/analytics/)\n * [ Answer Bot ](/sg/service/ai/)\n * [ Customer service software ](/sg/service/ticketing-system/customer-service-management-software/)\n * [ Help desk ticketing software ](/sg/service/help-desk-software/ticketing-system/)\n * [ Live chat software ](/sg/service/messaging/live-chat/)\n * [ Knowledge base ](/sg/service/help-center/knowledge-base-software/)\n * [ Forum software ](/sg/service/help-center/community-software/)\n * [ Help desk software ](/sg/service/help-desk-software/)\n * [ Quality assurance ](/sg/service/quality-assurance/)\n * [ Workforce management ](/sg/service/workforce-management/)\n * [ Advanced Data Privacy and Protection ](/sg/customer-data-privacy-protection/)\n\n## Resources\n\n * [ Security ](/sg/trust-center/)\n * [ Product support ](https://support.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/)\n * [ Request a demo ](/sg/demo/)\n * [ Blog ](/sg/blog/)\n * [ Training ](https://training.zendesk.com/)\n * [ Partners ](/sg/partner/)\n * [ Webinars ](/sg/company/events/#webinars)\n * [ Customer stories ](/sg/why-zendesk/customers/)\n * [ Services ](/sg/customer-experience/)\n * [ Zendesk Help centre ](https://support.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/)\n\n## Company\n\n * [ About us ](/sg/about/)\n * [ Press ](/sg/company/press/)\n * [ Events ](/sg/company/events/)\n * [ Careers ](https://www.zendesk.com/careers/)\n * [ Diversity & Inclusion ](/sg/diversity-inclusion/)\n * [ Sustainability ](/sg/sustainability/)\n * [ Contact us ](/sg/contact/)\n * [ Sitemap ](/sg/sitemap/)\n * [ Systems status ](https://status.zendesk.com)\n * [ Zendesk Foundation ](https://www.zendesk.org)\n * [ Zendesk Ventures ](/sg/ventures/)\n * [ Legal ](/sg/company/legal/)\n\n## Favourite Things\n\n * [ What is Zendesk? ](/sg/what-is-zendesk/)\n * [ Zendesk for Enterprise ](/sg/enterprise/)\n * [ Zendesk for Small Business ](/sg/smb/)\n * [ Zendesk for Startups ](/sg/startups/)\n * [ Zendesk Benchmark ](/sg/benchmark/)\n * [ Customer Experience Trends ](https://cxtrends.zendesk.com/apac?utm_medium=webpromo&utm_source=footer&utm_campaign=Other_Channel_Organic_other_APAC_2024_CXT-2025_webpromo_footer)\n\n* * *\n\n## Subscribe to receive news and updates from Zendesk.\n\n * [ ](https://www.twitter.com/zendesk)\n * [ ](https://www.facebook.com/zendesk)\n * [ ](https://www.linkedin.com/company/zendesk)\n * [ ](https://www.youtube.com/zendesk)\n * [ ](https://www.instagram.com/zendesk)\n\n",
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"source": "https://www.csis.org/analysis/combatting-human-rights-abuses-xinjiang"
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"page_content": "Skip to main content\n\n# Combatting Human Rights Abuses in Xinjiang\n\nThis photo taken on May 31, 2019 shows a Uighur woman (C) going through an\nentrance to a bazaar in Hotan, in China's northwest Xinjiang region.\n\nGREG BAKER/AFP via Getty Images\n\n## Table of Contents\n\n * [ ](https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.csis.org/analysis/combatting-human-rights-abuses-xinjiang)\n * [ ](https://x.com/intent/post?url=https://www.csis.org/analysis/combatting-human-rights-abuses-xinjiang)\n * [ ](https://www.linkedin.com/sharing/share-offsite/?url=https://www.csis.org/analysis/combatting-human-rights-abuses-xinjiang)\n * [ ](mailto:?subject=Page from CSIS.org&body=https://www.csis.org/analysis/combatting-human-rights-abuses-xinjiang)\n * [ ](javascript:window.print\\(\\))\n\n[ Report ](/taxonomy/term/3013) by [ Amy K. Lehr ](/people/amy-k-lehr) and\nEfthimia Maria (\u201cMariefaye\u201d) Bechrakis\n\nPublished December 16, 2020\n\n_Concerns about widespread human rights abuses and crimes against humanity,\nincluding forced labor, in Xinjiang, China have escalated in recent years. The\nUS has unilaterally imposed sanctions and seized imports, yet China has\ndoubled down on its approach. This report explores a broad range of existing\npolicy options for the US and its allies, while recognizing that China\u2019s\neconomic and political clout and capacity to retaliate necessitate new\napproaches that require further definition._\n\n### Programs & Projects\n\n * [ Human Rights Initiative ](/programs/human-rights-initiative)\n * [ Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region ](/programs/human-rights-initiative/focus-areas/responding-egregious-human-rights-abuses/xinjiang)\n * [ On China ](/special-initiatives/on-china)\n * [ Human Rights ](/special-initiatives/on-china/human-rights)\n * [ Geoeconomics and Trade ](/special-initiatives/on-china/geoeconomics-and-trade)\n\nImage\n\n## The Situation in Xinjiang\n\nMore than 1 million Uyghurs and individuals from other Muslim groups have been\ndetained and \u201cre-educated\u201d in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR) of\nnorthwest China because of government concerns about potential unrest. This is\nthe largest detention of a religious group since World War II. These groups\nhave been subjected to escalating human rights abuses, such as large-scale\ndetention, cultural and religious repression, and forced sterilization. The\nrepression began at least a decade ago but severely escalated in 2017. Forced\nlabor forms an integral part of a broader government strategy of abuse and\nminority repression to maintain political stability and internal security in\nthe region. This forced labor sometimes connects to global supply chain,\nusually indirectly.\n\nImage\n\nLike-minded governments can deploy an array of policy tools to curb the\nChinese Communist Party\u2019s (CCP) human rights abuses in the region. Governments\ncan affect the Chinese economy to some degree, as well as China\u2019s status and\ninfluence in the world, which in turn will put increasing pressure on Beijing\nto alter its present policy in the XUAR. Shifting supply chains away from the\nregion\u2014a key point of focus in the United States\u2014is an important part of the\nequation, but it will not be sufficient on its own to change China\u2019s domestic\npolicy.\n\nThe Chinese government and relevant Chinese companies must implement\nsignificant changes in the XUAR to bring it into even partial alignment with\nhuman rights standards. Much stronger alignment with such norms must be the\nend goal. Addressing forced labor may seem like low-hanging fruit, but even\nthat requires progress on other issues. To feel confident that forced labor is\nno longer used in the region, external observers and auditors need much\ngreater access and reduced levels of surveillance. Moreover, other crucial,\nlonger-term objectives must include ending widespread detention, efforts to\neradicate culture and religion, forced population control, and other abuses.\n\nImage\n\n## Forced Labor as a Tool of Repression\n\nForced labor is a key component in the government\u2019s efforts to \u201cre-educate\u201d\nMuslim minorities by reforming their minds and breaking their cultural and\nreligious ties. Re-education also includes long hours of Chinese language\ninstruction and political indoctrination in detention facilities and even in\nfactories, far from family members and friends. The government believes that\nlabor in factories will make these groups more like the Han Chinese, the\nmajority population in China, which in turn will [ increase their loyalty\n](https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/11/19/why-xi-jinpings-xinjiang-\npolicy-is-major-change-chinas-ethnic-politics/) to the CCP and counteract the\nrisk of terrorism.\n\nImage\n\nFrom Buzzfeed News: These are locations of facilities resembling prisons or\ninternment camps identified by Buzzfeed News through satellite images from\nGoogle Earth, Planet Labs, and the European Space Agency's Sentinel Hub. These\nlocations are identified from other sources, bear the camp hallmarks of\nperimeter guards and watch towers, have walls and barbed wire but no watch\ntowers, are detention centers built before 2017, or are centers now suspected\nof being closed or operating with reduced security. For a more detailed\nanalysis of this map and the differences between locations, we invite you to\nvisit Megha Rajagopalan, Alison Killing, and Christo Buschek's excellent\narticle,<a href=\" [ https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/meghara/china-new-\ninternment-camps\u2026 ](https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/meghara/china-new-\ninternment-camps-xinjiang-uighurs-muslims") ; title\n\nThe government has [ transferred hundreds of thousands of ex-detainees and\npoor minorities ](https://www.csis.org/analysis/connecting-dots-xinjiang-\nforced-labor-forced-assimilation-and-western-supply-chains) from their\ntraditional work roles into manufacturing positions in an extremely repressive\natmosphere where they have no ability to opt-out. Most are sent to work within\nthe XUAR, but at least [ 80,000 ](https://www.aspi.org.au/report/uyghurs-sale)\nhave been sent to factories in other regions of China as well. In 2018, a\nlocal source with first-hand knowledge of the situation, deemed credible by\nthe Associated Press, estimated that more than [ 10,000 detainees\n](https://www.apnews.com/99016849cddb4b99a048b863b52c28cb) were working in\nfactories in his county in the XUAR. He told an Associated Press journalist\nthat this would constitute 10 or 20 percent of his county\u2019s total population.\n\nThe government of Kashgar, a city and prefecture in the XUAR, stated that in\n2018, it would send [ 100,000 people\n](https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/16/world/asia/xinjiang-china-forced-labor-\ncamps-uighurs.html) who had gone through \u201cvocational training\u201d (often a\neuphemism for time in a detention center) to work in factories. That is 20\npercent of the entire Uyghur population of Kashgar. Recent research shows that\nthe government transferred [ hundreds of thousands ](https://cgpolicy.org/wp-\ncontent/uploads/2020/12/20201214-PB-China-Zenz-1.pdf) of Xinjiang\u2019s ethnic\nminorities to work as cotton pickers in the XUAR after 2016 as part of its\npoverty alleviation program. This program sets strict quotas requiring\ngovernment officials to transfer certain numbers of Xinjiang\u2019s ethnic groups\ninto wage jobs in a highly coercive atmosphere.\n\nIt is quite possible that the government\u2019s goals vary across the region, and\nthat it does not always meet its quotas. Nevertheless, the number of people\npotentially affected by forced labor is very significant.\n\nImage\n\n## Connection of the XUAR and Forced Labor to Global Supply Chains\n\nThe XUAR plays an important role in the early stages of global supply chains.\nIt is a top producer of cotton and polysilicon (a critical component of solar\npanels) and a significant producer of cashmere, tomatoes, and other goods.\nMany of these products are incorporated early in the value chain and are not\nexported directly. Global companies are under growing public and political\npressure to cut their ties to the region due to concerns about forced labor.\n\nThe XUAR produces approximately 20 percent of the world\u2019s cotton. Almost all\nof this cotton is consumed inside China, where it is spun and mixed with\nimported cotton from other countries. China is the world\u2019s largest producer\nand exporter of yarn, textiles, and apparel. It exports these products to\nintermediaries around the world, where they are woven into final products in\ncountries ranging from Vietnam to Bangladesh to Honduras.\n\nChina\u2019s internal market is also growing rapidly. It consumes 88 percent of its\nown apparel and textiles. Nevertheless, China\u2019s total raw cotton, yarn,\ntextile, and apparel exports form an important part of the global economy. In\n2018, they constituted [ almost 10 percent\n](https://oec.world/en/profile/country/chn) of the value of [ total Chinese\nexports ](https://oec.world/en/profile/country/chn) \u2014$259 billion or [ 1.9\npercent ](https://csis-website-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-\npublic/publication/200730_Lehr_XinjiangUyghurForcedLabor_brief_FINAL_v2.pdf)\nof GDP\u2014and they comprise [ over 30 percent ](https://csis-website-\nprod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-\npublic/publication/200730_Lehr_XinjiangUyghurForcedLabor_brief_FINAL_v2.pdf)\nof the global export market for these goods. The sector employs millions\nacross China.\n\nImage\n\nImage\n\nThe European Union, United Kingdom, and United States jointly receive enough\napparel from China to potentially have some impact on its economy, and thus\npossibly its policies, through import restrictions, a consumer boycott, or\nconcerted action by supply chain actors. Such a move would necessitate\nsignificant reconfiguring of global supply chains over time if enforced\neffectively.\n\nOther sectors may present additional opportunities for leverage. In the XUAR,\nChinese government programs that can be linked to forced labor seek to grow\nother sectors, including agricultural production, electronics and machinery,\nchemicals, medical equipment, and mining.\n\nDirect exports are growing. Despite concerns over the past year regarding\nforced labor in the XUAR, exports to the United States and Europe [ grew\nsignificantly ](https://oec.world/en/profile/subnational_chn/xingjiang-uygur-\nautonomous-\nregion?finalDateExportSelector=202007&initialDateExportSelector=201907) from\n2019 to 2020.\n\nImage\n\nThese figures are not surprising. The Chinese government seeks to increase\nmanufacturing in the region, through a mix of company subsidies and underpaid\nand coerced workers, to turn the area into an export hub of the Belt and Road\nInitiative.\n\nGlobal supply chains are one pressure point to seek improved practices in the\nXUAR, and ensure that consumers are not unknowingly purchasing XUAR forced\nlabor-linked products, but a broader suite of actions are needed to effect\nchange in the region.\n\nImage\n\n## Policy Tools\n\nThe United States has already aggressively and unilaterally employed a number\nof measures, including sanctions, export controls, and seizures of goods\nimported from Xinjiang, in an effort to influence the human rights situation\nin the XUAR. It has also focused on removing XUAR-linked products from global\nsupply chains. These are important tools but not sufficient, and would be more\neffective if multilateral.\n\nPolitical stability and security in the XUAR are top priorities for China, and\nthe leadership believes this is best achieved through aggressive measures such\nas mass detention and forced labor. Convincing China\u2019s leadership to change\nits approach will require multilateral, multidimensional, and sustained\naction.\n\nImage\n\n## Addressing Economics and Supply Chains\n\n### Import Limitations and Due Diligence Requirements\n\nGovernments increasingly are imposing human rights requirements on companies\nas a condition of importing goods or conducting business within their\njurisdictions. In rare instances, governments may ban the entry of goods\nproduced with certain human rights abuses, while in other instances these laws\nrequire companies to disclose steps they took to identify and avoid abuses in\ntheir supply chains.\n\nU.S. law provides a particularly powerful tool to address the risk of forced\nlabor in supply chains. The U.S. Tariff Act of 1930 allows the seizure of\ngoods produced by forced labor anywhere in the supply chain. The Trump\nadministration and Congress are both considering a presumption that certain\nproducts containing components from the XUAR are affected by forced labor,\nenabling their seizure without specific evidence of forced labor connected to\nthat product. This might have economic effects in China. However, because\nChina consumes so much of its own final products, and the European Union is in\nsome instances a larger recipient of these goods, U.S. action will most likely\nnot be sufficient on its own to effect change.\n\nThe United Kingdom has a similar law prohibiting imported goods produced with\nforced prison labor that may be applicable. Canada and Mexico are required\nunder the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement to promulgate a similar law,\nbut many countries do not have such laws to deploy. The Dutch government\nrecently passed a law requiring companies that deliver goods to Dutch end\nusers to have in place due diligence plans to identify and respond to child\nlabor and certify to regulators that such measures are in place. Similar\nmeasures could be put in place for forced labor in other countries that would\napply to XUAR-linked forced labor, implicitly or explicitly.\n\nThere is growing momentum in EU member states to hold multinational companies\naccountable for human rights violations in their supply chains, which may also\nprovide leverage. France\u2019s 2017 Duty of Vigilance law requires large French\ncompanies to identify and prevent human rights abuses in their supply chains,\nand the European Union as a whole is expected to pass [ similar legislation\n](https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2020/603495/EXPO_BRI\\(2020\\)603495_EN.pdf)\n. Under these laws, companies might be found liable for failing to seek to\nidentify and address XUAR-linked forced labor in their supply chains. The\nEuropean Union and France could provide specific guidance regarding the steps\nthat companies are expected to take regarding state-sponsored forced labor,\nincluding in the XUAR, that would become the expected standard for due\ndiligence.\n\nCompanies of course can and should act on their own, according to their\ncommitments under the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. Most\nlarge multinationals have strong written commitments to human rights, and\nparticularly to ending forced labor. They must act on those and improve supply\nchain [ traceability ](https://www.csis.org/analysis/new-approaches-supply-\nchain-traceability-implications-xinjiang-and-beyond) so they can identify\nrisks of XUAR-linked forced labor and act on those risks decisively. If\ngovernments and companies act collectively, the chance of success will\nincrease dramatically.\n\n### Incentivizing Supply Chain Diversification\n\nIf import limitations are placed on Xinjiang-linked products, supply chains\nwill have to be significantly reconfigured, which requires concerted action\nand time. The world produces enough cotton for the XUAR to theoretically be\nexcluded from global supply chains, with all XUAR cotton remaining in China.\nHowever, blending of cotton from many countries at the yarn and textile levels\nof the supply chain in China makes it very challenging to exclude XUAR cotton\nat the moment. Governments have a number of tools at their disposal to speed\nup diversification that excludes XUAR-linked inputs, including:\n\n * Government procurement practices based on human rights and rigorously implemented; \n * Trade and tariff incentives to encourage new, vertically integrated hubs; \n * Investment assistance to encourage yarn and textile producers \u2013 both capital intensive industries - to move; and \n * Infrastructure assistance to provide steady electricity and adequate logistics to alternative countries. \n\nImage\n\nThe United States, European Union, and individual EU member states each have\nample tools to deploy in this space and encourage better human rights and\nenvironmental practices. These can be used for apparel and textiles or other\nsectors. They could address XUAR forced labor while assisting with global\nsustainable development and even supporting manufacturing in their own\njurisdictions.\n\nFor example, West Africa, Central America/Mexico, and Southeast Asia each\npresent opportunities to develop new sourcing hubs free of XUAR inputs while\nproviding decent work and stronger labor and environmental protections, but\ngovernments and companies need to coordinate to facilitate and speed such a\nprocess. And relevant sectors must develop much stronger traceability systems\nto ensure that supply chain diversification truly leads to cleaner inputs.\n\nImage\n\n## Creating Broader Pressure\n\n### \nSanctions\n\nThe United States has already deployed sanctions against various CCP officials\nand paramilitary divisions involved in human rights abuses in the XUAR. Many\nof these sanctions fall under the Global Magnitsky Act, which permits the\ntargeted use of sanctions against human rights abusers. [ Research\n](https://www.jstor.org/stable/27735136) shows that multilateral sanctions are\nfar more effective than unilateral efforts. Truly multilateral UN sanctions\nwill not occur due to China\u2019s position on the UN Security Council. However,\nthe United Kingdom and Canada both have Global Magnitsky-type laws to deploy,\nand the European Union just passed [ a similar law\n](https://www.steptoeinternationalcomplianceblog.com/2020/10/european-\ncommission-proposes-magnitsky-style-sanctions-framework/) , potentially\nenabling coordinated action.\n\nOn their own, sanctions, much less unilateral sanctions, are rarely an\nadequate agent for change. In the 1980s, the European Community, Commonwealth\ncountries, and the U.S. Congress (overriding a veto from the Reagan\nadministration) jointly imposed stringent economic sanctions on apartheid-era\nSouth Africa. In terms of trade, the effect of the sanctions was limited in\nthe short term: South Africa developed extensive measures to circumvent\nsanctions, and exports actually rose in the years after the measures were\nimposed. But foreign direct investment (FDI) took a big hit because sanctions\ngreatly increased the risks of investment. The sanctions highlighted the\nextent to which South Africa was sequestered from the international community.\nAnd over time, the joint position of the Western community squeezed South\nAfrica\u2019s trade while eroding its attractiveness as a host for FDI, proving to\nbe so effective that in 1990, a newly released [ Nelson Mandela said\n](http://www.econ.yale.edu/growth_pdf/cdp796.pdf) : \u201cTo lift sanctions now\nwould be to run the risk of aborting the process toward ending apartheid.\u201d\nWhether aggressive, multilateral Xinjiang-related sanctions would have a\nmeaningful effect on China\u2019s actions in the XUAR is unclear, given China\u2019s\ngreater economic importance and its ongoing efforts to become less\neconomically dependent on the West. But is clear that even in the case of\nSouth Africa, collective efforts were necessary and took years to achieve\nfruition.\n\n### Diplomacy\n\nChina cares about its reputation. Criticism counts.\n\nGovernments should raise the issue of human rights in the XUAR in every high-\nlevel engagement with China. They should coordinate, taking advantage of\nsafety in numbers, which limits China\u2019s ability to retaliate.\n\nFor example, although President Reagan did not place human rights at the core\nof foreign relations in the way that President Carter had done before him, his\n[ inclusion of the topic ](https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvqsdzdh.7) as a pillar\nin every high-level engagement between the United States and USSR allowed him\nto make significant headway on human rights issues. He linked human rights\nimprovements with building trust in the U.S.-Soviet relationship.\n\nEstablishing human rights as the linchpin to bilateral relations produced an\nimportant shift in Soviet attitudes. The sustained effort to link human rights\nto U.S.-Soviet relations caused the Soviets to realize that normalization\nwould not arise unless it addressed \u201cthe full range of issues,\u201d including\nhuman rights. Similarly, human rights in the XUAR should be a part of all\nhigh-level U.S. engagements with China, including trade negotiations. Other\ngovernments, which may be more susceptible to retaliation, should identify\nmechanisms to speak in a coordinated fashion, and the U.S. and like-minded\ncountries should pre-agree on ways to mitigate any retaliation that\nnevertheless occurs.\n\nChina has shown itself adept at gaining the support of Muslim-majority\ncountries and other emerging economies for its actions in the XUAR. To\nrecreate U.S. leverage in these countries and obtain their diplomatic support,\nthe United States will need to:\n\n 1. Reestablish its moral leadership by taking concrete steps to address human rights at home and abroad (e.g., by creating a plan to address disproportionate policing impacts on minorities in the United States and applying human rights standards and laws to allies and foes alike in areas such as weapons sales); \n 2. Strongly commit to multilateral institutions (e.g., by rejoining the UN Human Rights Council); and \n 3. Significantly increase long-term development and investment aid, founded on support for sustainable development, to make the United States a desirable long-term partner in these countries. \n\n### \nIncreasing Awareness in Emerging Economies\n\nGovernments concerned about the situation in the XUAR can also deploy a\nbottom-up strategy. They can provide financial assistance to the media and\ncivil society in key emerging economies to encourage them to focus on abuses\nin the XUAR and prompt public pressure for their leaders to change their\npositions. Public awareness regarding what is happening in the XUAR can also\nserve as an antidote to other governments copying China\u2019s approach.\n\n### The United Nations\n\nThe United Nations should serve as an arbiter of facts when mass human rights\nviolations occur, which in turn can help spur collective action. The UN\nresponse to the human rights crisis in Xinjiang has been limited, a position\nenabled by the Trump administration\u2019s skepticism of multilateral institutions,\nincluding its decision to leave the UN Human Rights Council in 2018. Beijing\nhas capitalized on the United States\u2019 absence to greatly extend its clout in\nthe international body. China [ increased its funding\n](https://chinapower.csis.org/china-un-mission/) to the United Nations and\nsecured growing numbers of [ top positions ](https://www.brookings.edu/wp-\ncontent/uploads/2020/09/FP_20200914_china_united_nations_feltman.pdf) there,\neven as the Trump administration [ sought to diminish\n](https://www.cfr.org/article/funding-united-nations-what-impact-do-us-\ncontributions-have-un-agencies-and-programs) U.S. contributions to the\ninstitution. In October 2020, Beijing won a seat on the Human Rights Council,\nwhere it will continue to drive its agenda of non-interference, arguing that\nthe United Nations should not criticize countries for their human rights\nabuses\u2014a position that would [ fundamentally undermine\n](https://thediplomat.com/2020/04/china-appointed-to-influential-un-human-\nrights-council-panel/) the UN human rights system.\n\nThe United Nations\u2019 top leadership has been relatively reticent to denounce\nChina\u2019s abuses in the region, but the organization has not been entirely\nsilent. Its independent special rapporteurs and other experts have engaged on\nthe topic. In 2019, a panel of UN experts [ issued a \u201cdevastating\u201d assessment\n](https://www.hrw.org/news/2019/11/14/unprecedented-un-critique-chinas-\nxinjiang-policies) of how China\u2019s counterterrorism law was being used to\njustify gross violations of basic rights in Xinjiang.\n\nUN member states have been trying to expand the focus on the XUAR. In October\n2020, Germany led 39 countries, including the United States, in urging China\nto respect the rights of its Uyghur minority. It was a move that [ surprised\nand drew the ire of Beijing.\n](https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/7/germany-leads-charge-against-china-\non-rights-abuses) A similar text delivered by the United Kingdom in 2019 won\njust [ 22 votes ](https://www.hrw.org/news/2019/07/10/un-unprecedented-joint-\ncall-china-end-xinjiang-abuses) , signaling that there is growing concern\nabout the crisis, at least among Western democracies.\n\nThe UN High Commissioner on Human Rights has asked for but been unable to\nobtain free access to the region. Until such a visit is possible, her office\ncould develop a public report analyzing the situation in the XUAR based on\ninterviews with refugees and other sources, as the office has done for other\nhuman rights crises when meaningful access was denied. Such analysis by the\nOffice of the High Commissioner on Human Rights, as well as continued\nreporting by UN experts, is important to establish a common, incontrovertible,\nglobally accepted set of facts about the situation.\n\n### The Group of 7 (G7)\n\nPublicly, the G7 has done little with regard to the XUAR. While it expressed\n\u201cgrave concern\u201d about the situation in Hong Kong in June 2020, it has issued\nno corresponding statement about Xinjiang, apart from a brief line in its\nForeign Ministers Communique in 2019 voicing \u201cconcern about the situation in\nXinjiang, the existence of a large scale network of internment camps\u201d and \u201cthe\nlack of fundamental rights and freedoms.\u201d The United States and other G7\ngovernments should ensure that human rights in China are on the G7\u2019s agenda\nregularly. Additional G7 public statements of concern would provide evidence\nof the potential for concerted action.\n\nImage\n\n## Conclusion\n\nAddressing forced labor in the XUAR, and related abuses, will require ongoing,\nbroad-based efforts. Collective effort will also help diminish the risk of\nretaliation from Beijing. A spectrum of tools must be deployed by like-minded\ngovernments in a synchronized fashion, potentially including: sanctions;\nimport limitations and due diligence requirements; incentives for supply chain\ndiversification; consistent and high-level diplomacy; support for increased\npublic awareness in emerging economies; UN reporting and pressure; and\nattention from the G7. At the same time, some of these tools may prove less\neffective when deployed vis-\u00e0-vis China because of its economic importance and\ndiplomatic heft. Governments should consider whether new tools, coalitions,\nand strategies are also needed.\n\nImprovements in the XUAR are likely to materialize slowly, so concerted and\nongoing actions by like-minded countries are vital. Moreover, collective\nactions and statements will help diminish the risk of significant reprisals\nagainst individual countries. U.S. leadership and engagement on the issue is\ncritical, with the caveat that action on human rights in China must not appear\nto be instrumentalized as a tool in great power competition. The United States\nmust consistently voice its concerns about human rights, whether allies or\ncompetitors are involved, to restore credibility. Elevating the voices of\nother nations and consistently supporting them as they lead on this issue will\nhelp clarify that abuses in the XUAR are of concern to numerous actors.\n\nDismantling the apartheid system took many years of multilateral effort. Given\nthe great importance of China on the world stage and in the global economy,\npositive change in the XUAR is likely to be hard-fought. Governments that care\nabout human rights and do not want the XUAR to become a precedent that is\nimitated by other nations must prepare for concerted action over the coming\nyears.\n\nImage\n\n## About the Authors\n\n### [ Amy K. Lehr ](/people/amy-k-lehr)\n\n###### _Director and Senior Fellow, Human Rights Initiative_\n\nImage\n\nAmy K. Lehr is director and senior fellow of the Human Rights Initiative (HRI)\nat CSIS. Her work focuses on human rights as a core element of U.S.\nleadership, labor rights, emerging technologies, and the nexus of human rights\nand conflict. She interfaces with civil society, government, and business, all\nof which have roles to play in addressing human rights.\n\n[ FULL BIO HERE ](/people/amy-k-lehr)\n\n### Efthimia Maria (\u201cMariefaye\u201d) Bechrakis\n\n###### _Former Program Manager and Research Associate, Human Rights\nInitiative_\n\nImage\n\nMariefaye (Efthimia) Bechrakis was the former program manager and research\nassociate for the Human Rights Initiative (HRI) at the Center for Strategic\nand International Studies (CSIS). In this role, she conducted research on\nvarious international human rights topics, such as technology and human\nrights, business and human rights, human trafficking, and forced labor.\n\n \n\n### Special thanks to:\n\n_This project was made possible by the support of multiple donors interested\nin commerce in Asia. CSIS alone is responsible for the analysis presented in\nthe report._\n\n_A special thanks to Buzzfeed News for permitting CSIS to use their data to\ngenerate the map showing the locations of hundreds of extrajudicial detention\nfacilities in the XUAR._\n\nA product of the [ Andreas C. Dracopoulos iDeas Lab ](/dracopoulos-ideas-lab\n\"Dracopoulos iDeas Lab\") , the in-house digital, multimedia, and design agency\nat the Center for Strategic and International Studies.\n\n[ ](/)\n\nCenter for Strategic and International Studies \n \n1616 Rhode Island Avenue, NW \n \nWashington, DC 20036\n\nTel: 202.887.0200 \n \nFax: 202.775.3199\n\n### Media Inquiries\n\n * [ H. Andrew Schwartz ](/people/h-andrew-schwartz)\n * Chief Communications Officer \n * [ 202.775.3242 ](tel:2027753242)\n * [ aschwartz@csis.org ](mailto:aschwartz@csis.org)\n\n * [ Samuel Cestari ](/people/samuel-cestari)\n * Media Relations Coordinator, External Relations \n * [ 202.775.7317 ](tel:2027757317)\n * [ scestari@csis.org ](mailto:scestari@csis.org)\n\nSee [ Media Page ](/about/press-media) for more interview, contact, and\ncitation details.\n\nSign up to receive The Evening, a daily brief on the news, events, and people\nshaping the world of international affairs.\n\n[ Subscribe to CSIS Newsletters ](/subscribe)\n\n\u00a92025 Center for Strategic & International Studies. All Rights Reserved.\n\n",
"url": "https://www.csis.org/analysis/combatting-human-rights-abuses-xinjiang"
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"reason": "The Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) is a reputable think tank. This analysis discusses efforts to combat human rights abuses in Xinjiang, which are often linked to supply chains.",
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"summary": "This analysis from CSIS discusses combatting human rights abuses in Xinjiang.",
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"page_content": "Would you like to read this page in another language?\n\n[ Yes ](/)\n\nWould you like to see a version of this page that loads faster by showing text\nonly?\n\n[ Yes ](//text.hrw.org/report/2016/05/30/human-rights-supply-chains/call-\nbinding-global-standard-due-diligence)\n\n# Introduction\n\nIn our globalized economy, businesses across all sectors increasingly source\nall manners of goods and services from complex chains of suppliers that often\nspan multiple countries with radically different legal, regulatory, and human\nrights practices. According to the International Labour Organization (ILO),\nmore than 450 million people work in supply chain-related jobs. While complex\nglobal supply chains can offer important opportunities for economic and social\ndevelopment, they often present serious human rights risks that many companies\nhave failed to mitigate and respond to effectively.\n\nIndividual companies\u2019 global supply chains often involve large numbers of\nsuppliers or subcontractors, including some who are part of the informal\nsector. The people most affected by human rights abuses in a company\u2019s supply\nchain often belong to groups who have no realistic opportunities to call\nattention to these problems themselves, or secure a remedy, such as women\nworkers, migrant workers, child laborers, or residents of rural or poor urban\nareas.\n\n[ Click to expand Image ](/modal/26794)\n\nA 16-year-old tobacco worker standing in a tobacco field in North Carolina\nwearing her work clothes. \u201cI don\u2019t feel any different in the fields than when\nI was 12,\u201d she said. \u201cI [still] get headaches and \u2026 my stomach hurts. And like\nI feel nauseous\u2026. I just feel like my stomach is like rumbling around. I feel\nlike I\u2019m gonna throw up.\u201d \u00a9 2015 Benedict Evans for Human Rights Watch\n\nInternational norms, such as the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business\nand Human Rights, recognize that companies should undertake \u201chuman rights due\ndiligence\u201d measures to ensure their operations respect human rights and do not\ncontribute to human rights abuses. Human rights due diligence includes steps\nto assess actual and potential human rights risks, take effective measures to\nmitigate those risks, and act to end abuses and ensure remedy for any that\noccur in spite of those efforts. Companies should also be fully transparent\nabout these efforts.\n\nBut the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights and other\ninternational norms for companies are not legally binding. Companies can and\nsometimes do ignore them, or take them up half-heartedly and ineffectively.\nMany companies have inadequate or no human rights due diligence measures in\nplace, and their actions cause or contribute to human rights abuses. For more\nthan two decades, in every region of the world, Human Rights Watch has\ndocumented human rights abuses in the context of global supply chains in\nagriculture, the garment and footwear industry, mining, construction, and\nother sectors.\n\nThe 2016 International Labour Conference, a global summit of governments,\nemployers, and trade unions on labor issues, presents a unique opportunity to\nbring about fundamental change. For the first time, the International Labour\nConference will focus on decent work in global supply chains. Governments have\nthe primary responsibility to protect human rights, including of people\nworking in global supply chains, but have often failed to oversee or regulate\nthe human rights practices of companies domiciled on their soil. In the\nabsence of legally binding standards, ensuring that all companies take their\nhuman rights due diligence responsibilities seriously becomes extremely\ndifficult. Voluntary standards, while valuable, are not enough.\n\nHuman Rights Watch urges governments, employers, and trade unions attending\nthe International Labour Conference to seize the opportunity to begin the\nprocess for the adoption of a new, international, legally binding standard\nthat obliges governments to require businesses to conduct human rights due\ndiligence in global supply chains.\n\n# Recommendations\n\n## To Governments, Employers, and Workers at the International Labour\nConference\n\n * At the 2016 International Labour Conference, decide to initiate the process for a new, international, legally binding standard that obliges governments to require businesses to conduct human rights due diligence across the entirety of their global supply chains. Such due diligence should include, at a minimum, the following elements: \n * Adoption and implementation of a clear policy commitment to respect human rights, embedded in all relevant business functions; \n * Identification and assessment of actual and potential adverse human rights impacts; \n * Prevention and mitigation of adverse human rights impacts; \n * Verification of whether adverse human rights impacts are addressed; \n * External communication of how adverse human rights impacts are being addressed; and \n * Effective processes designed to ensure that adversely affected people are able to secure remediation of any adverse human rights impacts a business has caused or contributed to. \n\n# Human rights violations in the context of global supply chains\n\nFor more than two decades, Human Rights Watch has documented human rights\nabuses in the context of global supply chains. We have interviewed thousands\nof workers, employers, government officials, and other affected individuals in\na variety of sectors in every region of the world. Below are a few select\nexamples that illustrate the most pervasive human rights problems we have\nfound in the supply chains of many companies across sectors in countries\naround the world.\n\n[ Click to expand Image ](/modal/28425)\n\n## Labor rights violations\n\nAround the world, millions of people work in global supply chains\u2014for example,\nin factories producing branded apparel and footwear for consumers worldwide,\non farms growing tobacco purchased by cigarette manufacturers, or in small-\nscale mines digging gold that is destined for the global market. Too many of\nthese workers endure abuses such as poor working conditions, including minimum\nwage violations; forced overtime; child labor; sexual harassment, exposure to\ntoxic substances and other extreme occupational hazards; and retaliation\nagainst workers who attempt to organize. Workers facing these abuses often\nlack access to complaints mechanisms, whistle blower protections, or legal\nrecourse.\n\nUnder international law, governments have an obligation to protect labor\nrights, including the right to protest and form unions\u2014but many fail to do so.\nGlobally, an estimated 21 million people are victims of forced labor. [1]\n\nThe April 2013 Rana Plaza disaster in Bangladesh put the spotlight on poor\nworking conditions and labor rights abuses in factories producing for global\napparel and footwear brands. The eight-story Rana Plaza building was located\noutside Bangladesh\u2019s capital, Dhaka, and housed garment factories that\nemployed over 5,000 workers. The building\u2019s catastrophic collapse killed over\n1,100 workers and injured over 2,000. In the wake of the disaster, major\napparel brands launched new initiatives to protect the safety of workers in\ntheir supply chains. Three years on, Bangladesh has seen concrete improvements\non fire and building safety, but apparel and footwear supply chains are still\nplagued by serious human rights problems. For example, Human Rights Watch has\ndocumented how many apparel workers in Bangladesh and Cambodia experience\nforced overtime, pregnancy-based discrimination, and denial of paid maternity\nleave. Anti-union abuses are common.Workers attempting to organize in both\ncountries have been threatened, harassed, and dismissed from their jobs in\nretaliation. [2]\n\nLabor rights violations are also rife in Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, and\nother Gulf States, where construction workers have suffered serious abuse in\nthe context of supply chains in large-scale construction and engineering\nprojects. These low-paid migrant workers face hazardous, and sometimes deadly,\nworking conditions, and are often bound to abusive employers through the\n_kafala_ (sponsorship) system. Passport confiscation is systematic and many\nworkers arrive with significant debts on account of extortionate recruitment\nfees, which can take several years to repay. Migrant workers are unable to\nform or join trade unions, and there is generally little or no possibility of\njudicial redress for abuse. This combination of control mechanisms can lead\nall too easily to trafficking and forced labor. [3]\n\n## Child Labor\n\nChild labor is still a serious problem in the global economy. Over 168 million\nchildren are involved in child labor globally, and 85 million of them are\nengaged in hazardous work that puts their health or safety at risk. [4] Many\nchild laborers endure physical and psychological abuse, exploitation, and\ntrafficking. In addition, many are denied educational opportunities and are\ntherefore more likely to end up trapped in poverty. [5] Companies may\ncontribute to and benefit from child labor in their supply chains, for example\nwhen children harvest export crops, mine precious minerals, process leather,\nand sew apparel. Under international law, the worst forms of child labor are\nprohibited, but many governments have failed to take effective steps to end\nit.\n\n[ Click to expand Image ](/modal/28421)\n\nGhana is one of the world\u2019s top 10 gold producers. Around one-third of Ghana\u2019s\ngold is mined in artisanal and smallscale mines, which mostly operate\nillegally and use child labor. Two boys, 9 and 12 years old, demonstrate their\ndaily work of washing and sluicing gold ore in Homase, Amansie Central\ndistrict, Ashanti Region. \u00a9 2014 Juliane Kippenberg/Human Rights Watch.\n\nMany children suffer pain, sickness, and injury, and, in some cases, even\ndeath from the dangerous jobs they do. Globally, most child laborers work in\nagriculture for local or global markets. Child labor in agriculture is\nhazardous when children handle toxic pesticides or other harmful substances,\nwork with sharp tools or heavy machinery, or are exposed to extreme heat. For\nexample, Human Rights Watch found that Palestinian children grow and harvest\ncrops in Israeli agricultural settlements in the West Bank in conditions that\nare hazardous due to pesticides, dangerous tools, and extreme heat. A\nsubstantial amount of this produce is exported abroad, including to Europe and\nthe United States. [6]\n\nOne particularly harmful agricultural crop for children is tobacco. Children\nwho come into contact with tobacco plants risk suffering acute nicotine\npoisoning. Human Rights Watch has documented hazardous child labor in tobacco\nfarming in the United States and Indonesia, interviewing many children who\nreported symptoms consistent with acute nicotine poisoning, such as nausea,\nvomiting, headaches, and dizziness. This tobacco enters the supply chains of\nmajor cigarette manufacturers. [7]\n\nAnother highly hazardous form of child labor is mining. An estimated one\nmillion children work globally in artisanal mines that generally rely on\nsimple machinery and a large workforce. Approximately 15 percent of the\nworld\u2019s gold originates from artisanal mines. Many children process gold with\nmercury, a highly toxic substance that causes brain damage and other lifelong\nhealth conditions. Child miners also risk their lives when working in unstable\npits that frequently collapse. Human Rights Watch has documented hazardous\nchild labor, including the deaths of children working underground, in\nartisanal gold mining in Ghana, Mali, Tanzania, and the Philippines. Much of\nthe gold produced in these settings finds its way onto the international\nmarket. [8]\n\n## Environmental damage and violations of the right to health\n\nThrough their global supply chains, many businesses risk contributing to the\nmore than 12 million deaths that are attributable to unhealthy environments\neach year. [9] International norms and many domestic legal frameworks set\nout government obligations to protect the right to environmental health, but\nthese are often ignored or inadequately enforced.\n\nFor example, in the Hazaribagh neighborhood of Bangladesh\u2019s capital Dhaka,\naround 150 tanneries\u2014many of them producing leather as raw materials for the\nproducts of big name brands\u2014 expose workers and local residents to untreated\ntannery effluent that contains chromium, sulphur, ammonium, and other\nchemicals that cause serious health problems. [10] Government officials,\ntannery association representatives, trade union officials, and staff of\nnongovernmental organizations all told Human Rights Watch that no Hazaribagh\ntannery has an effluent treatment plant to treat its waste. Tannery workers\ndescribed and displayed a range of health conditions including prematurely\naged, discolored, itchy, peeling, acid-burned, and rash-covered skin; fingers\ncorroded to stumps; aches, dizziness, and nausea; and disfigured or amputated\nlimbs. The output of Hazaribagh\u2019s tanneries makes up around 90 percent of\nBangladesh\u2019s total leather production, most of which is for export. [11]\n\n[ Click to expand Image ](/modal/28417)\n\nA 13-year-old boy digs for gold ore at a small-scale mine in Mbeya Region,\nTanzania. \u201cI was digging with my colleague,\u201d he said. \u201cI entered into a short\npit. When I was digging he told me to come out, and when I was about to come\nout, the shaft collapsed on me, reaching the level of my chest \u2026 they started\nrescuing me by digging the pit and sent me to Chunya hospital.\u201d The accident\nknocked the boy unconscious and caused internal injuries. He remained in the\nhospital for about a week and still occasionally feels pain in his waist when\nhe sits. After the accident, he was scared of returning to the pits, but he\nfelt he had no choice, explaining: \u201cWhenever my aunt travels is when I go,\nbecause I need something to sustain myself.\u201d Companies trading in gold have a\nresponsibility to ensure that they do not cause or contribute to child labor.\n\u00a9 2013 Justin Purefoy/Human Rights Watch\n\nMany mining operations have also caused ill-health and environmental damage.\nFor example, in 2011, Human Rights Watch looked at how the Porgera mine (of\nBarrick Gold, a Canadian global mining company) in Papua New Guinea was\ndumping 14,000 tons of liquid mining waste daily into a nearby river,\npotentially causing environmental damage and ill-health to downstream\ncommunities. [12] Similarly, Human Rights Watch found that small- and\nmedium-scale iron mines in India had destroyed or contaminated water sources\nthat residents depended on for drinking water and irrigation in two states.\nIndian legal and regulatory frameworks meant to prevent such harms were\nhobbled by weak institutional capacity and a basic lack of political will to\nimplement regulations. A large proportion of iron ore mined in India is\ndestined for the international market. [13] Artisanal and small-scale gold\nminers in many countries use mercury to process gold, emitting more than 700\ntons of this toxic metal annually, and causing mercury poisoning in many\nsmall-scale miners. [14]\n\n## Violations of the rights related to land, food, and water\n\nCommunities have suffered human rights abuses when companies acquire land for\nlarge-scale mining, agribusiness, or other commercial enterprises linked to\nglobal supply chains. The rights of whole communities can be at risk in the\ncontext of large-scale land deals, with women often facing distinctive and\nadditional risks.\n\n[ Click to expand Image ](/modal/25126)\n\nFemale farmers resettled to Mwaladzi received land with poor access to water\nand limited productivity. The compensation package also included a new house.\n\u201cThe farming land we received is red, not black like we had before. I tried to\ngrow corn and it died. Sorghum also failed\u2026. I am not that satisfied. What I\ncan say is, what is a house without food? I cannot eat my house,\u201d said Maria\nC. \u00a9 2012 Samer Muscati/Human Rights Watch\n\nUnder international law, the rights to water, food, and housing are protected.\nGovernments are obligated to take steps to progressively realize full access\nto these rights over time. Yet, when local communities have been resettled to\nmake way for commercial enterprises, their access to water and their ability\nto grow their own food has sometimes been impeded, with particularly severe\nimpacts on women. For example, when communities were resettled to make way for\nlarge-scale coal mining operations in Mozambique, they were pushed into\nunacceptable new living situations that led to violations of their rights to\nwater and to food. [15]\n\nIndigenous communities are in a particularly vulnerable situation in the face\nof large commercial land acquisitions because their culture and livelihood is\ntied to their land. Under international law, governments or companies seeking\nto work on land where indigenous peoples live often have a responsibility to\nseek their free, prior, and informed consent before moving forward. But this\nright has been widely disrespected. Human Rights Watch found that mining\ncompanies in Uganda, for example, have failed to secure free, prior, and\ninformed consent from indigenous communities before they started exploration;\nsimilarly, the government of Ethiopia has cleared land for the purposes of\nexport-oriented commercial agriculture without seeking free, prior, and\ninformed consent from indigenous peoples. [16]\n\n## Violations of International Humanitarian Law\n\nCompanies have caused, contributed, or been directly linked to violations of\ninternational humanitarian law (also known as the laws of war) in situations\nof armed conflict or military occupation.\n\nFor example, during the height of the armed conflict in the Democratic\nRepublic of Congo, AngloGold Ashanti\u2014a leading gold mining company\u2014established\nrelations with the Nationalist and Integrationist Front, an armed group\nresponsible for serious human rights abuses including war crimes and crimes\nagainst humanity. In return for the armed group\u2019s assurances of security for\nits operations and staff, AngloGold Ashanti provided logistical and financial\nsupport to the armed group and its leaders. In this way, the company may have\ncontributed to serious human rights abuses carried out by that armed group.\n[17]\n\nAnother example is the role of businesses with operations linked to Israeli\nsettlements in the occupied West Bank. These businesses contribute to Israel\u2019s\nviolations of international humanitarian law and human rights abuses that\ndispossess and discriminate against Palestinians. In particular, they\nfacilitate the presence and growth of settlements and contribute to Israel\u2019s\nunlawful confiscation of Palestinian land and other resources. They also\nbenefit from abusive government policies that discriminate against\nPalestinians by virtually barring Palestinian economic and residential\ndevelopment in 60 percent of the West Bank. [18]\n\n# Why A Binding Global Standard on Human Rights Due Diligence Is Needed:\nCompanies\u2019 Lack of Adequate Rights Safeguards in Supply Chains\n\n## Lack of state action: Governments do not regulate business enough\n\nThe primary responsibility for upholding human rights lies with governments.\nIn order to protect human rights, governments have a duty to effectively\nregulate business activity and to put in place and enforce robust labor laws,\nin line with International Labour Organization (ILO) standards. In practice,\nHuman Rights Watch research has found that loopholes in labor law, weak labor\ninspections, and poor enforcement often undermine labor rights and other human\nrights.\n\nGovernments also should oversee and regulate business human rights practices\ndomestically and abroad. While governments do generally regulate company\nbehavior at the domestic level, they do so with varying degrees of seriousness\nand effectiveness. And governments have consistently failed to oversee or\nregulate the extraterritorial human rights practices of companies domiciled on\ntheir soil. In the absence of legally binding standards, ensuring that all\ncompanies take their human rights due diligence responsibilities seriously\nbecomes extremely difficult. While some companies may take their human rights\nresponsibilities seriously and implement robust human rights due diligence,\ntheir competitors may decline to take any such steps and may suffer no adverse\nconsequence. Even companies that do voluntarily undertake human rights due\ndiligence can benefit from strong practical guidance in the form of reasonable\ngovernment regulation. [19] A new, international, legally binding standard\non human rights due diligence in global supply chains would be a major step\ntowards enhancing responsible businesses around the world.\n\nWhere states have imposed mandatory human rights due diligence, company\ntransparency has improved. This has been for example the case of the Dodd\nFrank Act, a United States law requiring companies to publicly report on the\nextent to which they have conducted due diligence to ensure their mineral\nsupply chains do not fuel armed conflict in the Democratic Republic of Congo.\n[20] In 2015, the Modern Slavery Act entered into force in the United\nKingdom, obliging companies to report annually on steps taken to ensure that\nneither slavery nor human trafficking exist in any part of their business\noperations or supply chains. [21] While it is too early to judge the full\nimpact of the law, it has the potential to increase transparency about\ncompanies\u2019 efforts to avoid the involvement of modern slavery or trafficking\nin their supply chains. Brazil is an interesting example of a country\nproducing for the global market where legal requirements imposed on foreign\ncompanies sourcing tobacco have helped prevent child labor, coupled with other\ngovernment measures. (See text box).\n\nSTEP IN THE RIGHT DIRECTION: GOVERNMENT REGULATION OF BUSINESS ** How\ngovernments can oblige businesses to conduct due diligence: Brazil\u2019s measures\nto eliminate child labor in tobacco farming ** Brazil, the world\u2019s second-\nlargest tobacco producer, has taken steps to enforce a ban on child labor in\ntobacco farming and hold both farmers and businesses in the supply chain\naccountable for violations of that ban. Because of the hazardous nature of\ntobacco farming, Brazil has prohibited all work by children under 18 in the\ncrop and established penalties severe enough to dissuade farmers from allowing\nchildren to work in this sector. Penalties under Brazilian law apply not only\nto farmers, but also to companies purchasing the tobacco, creating an\nincentive for the tobacco industry to ensure that children are not working on\nfarms in their supply chains. Human Rights Watch research found that\ncompanies\u2019 contracts with farmers generally included an explicit ban on child\nlabor, and provided for financial penalties if children were found working.\nCompanies also made a point of sending \u201cinstructors\u201d to visit farmers several\ntimes during each tobacco season to remind farmers that child labor was\nprohibited. Recognizing that bans are not enough to eliminate child labor,\nBrazil has also put in place social programs for poor families to help\nalleviate the financial desperation that drives parents to send their children\nto work. Though not a perfect system, Brazil\u2019s approach to child labor\nprovides an example of how governments can address child labor in supply\nchains. Brazil\u2019s example could inform policy decisions in other tobacco-\nproducing countries, where such steps have not been taken. [22] _ _ \n--- \n \n## The role of the ILO in setting binding standards in global supply chains\n\nThe ILO is well-placed to initiate the process for a new, international,\nlegally binding standard on human rights due diligence in supply chains. The\nILO\u2019s tripartite structure brings together workers, employers, and\ngovernments. ILO Conventions have helped advance the protection of workers\u2019\nrights globally. In recent years, the ILO has also taken up the issue of\nsupply chain due diligence. Together with the International Finance\nCooperation, the ILO has set up the Better Work program, a mechanism to\nmonitor working conditions in the apparel sector. [23] The 2014 ILO Forced\nLabor Protocol\u2014which is not yet in force\u2014also requires parties to \u201csupport due\ndiligence\u201d to prevent forced labor. [24]\n\n[ Click to expand Image ](/modal/20813)\n\nWomen in the sewing division of a factory in Phnom Penh, Cambodia\u2019s capital.\nWomen constitute about 90 percent of the workforce in Cambodia\u2019s garment\nindustry. \u00a9 2014 Samer Muscati/ Human Rights Watch\n\nThe ILO should therefore take the lead in bringing about an international,\nbinding standard on human rights in global supply chains.\n\n## A voluntary standard on human rights due diligence: The United Nations\nGuiding Principles on Business and Human Rights\n\nThe human rights responsibilities of businesses are spelled out in a number of\nnon-binding international standards, including the UN Guiding Principles on\nBusiness and Human Rights, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and\nDevelopment (OECD) Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, and several\nsector-specific OECD guidance documents. [25] A new international legally\nbinding standard on human rights due diligence in global supply chains should\ndraw on these widely accepted standards, building on the concept of human\nrights due diligence put forward in the UN Guiding Principles (as well as the\nOECD standards).\n\nUnder the UN Guiding Principles, businesses should ensure that they respect\nhuman rights in their own activities as well as through their business\nrelationships in supply chains.\n\nThe UN Guiding Principles define safeguards\u2014including so-called human rights\ndue diligence measures\u2014that companies should have in place to identify,\nmitigate, and respond to human rights risks throughout their supply chains.\n\nSpecifically, the UN Guiding Principles urge companies to:\n\n * Implement a clear policy commitment to respect human rights, embedded in all relevant business functions. \n * Develop a human rights due diligence process that should: \n * Identify and assess actual and potential adverse human rights impacts; \n * Prevent and mitigate adverse human rights impacts; \n * Verify whether adverse human rights impacts are addressed; and \n * Communicate externally how adverse human rights impacts are being addressed. \n * Ensure adversely affected people are able to secure remediation of any adverse human rights impacts a business has caused or contributed to. [26] \n\nWhile some businesses have made progress to put the UN Guiding Principles into\npractice, the standard\u2019s voluntary nature leaves companies free to shirk their\nresponsibilities without consequence. Even companies that have made good faith\nefforts to live up to their human rights responsibilities have often failed to\ndo so, partly because they lack the sound guidance they need in the form of\nstrong government regulation. Far more needs to be done. Below are examples of\npoor implementation of the UN Guiding Principles, in particular weak company\npolicy commitments, human rights due diligence, and remediation efforts.\n\n## Companies\u2019 Lack of Adequate Human Rights Safeguards in Supply Chains\n\n### Weak human rights policy commitments and action\n\n[ Click to expand Image ](/modal/20477)\n\nDrawn by the promise of jobs, thousands of men from India, Pakistan,\nBangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Nepal are working on Saadiyat Island in the United\nArab Emirates. \u00a9 2010 Samer Muscati/Human Rights Watch\n\nUnder the UN Guiding Principles, businesses should have a clear human rights\npolicy that spells out how the company will seek to respect human rights. But\nmany company policies either fail to do this or are not adequately\nimplemented.\n\nFor example, many of the world\u2019s construction, engineering, and project\nmanagement firms have operations in the lucrative construction sector of the\nGulf Cooperation Council states. Despite pervasive risks of serious human\nrights abuses in these operations, including the use of forced labor, few\nconstruction firms have adopted specific policies to address these risks and\nensure the basic rights of all the workers in their labor supply chain. [27]\n\nHuman Rights Watch has also found that companies sometimes lack specific child\nlabor policies, even though child labor occurs in the countries they source\nfrom. For example, at the time of Human Rights Watch\u2019s documentation of child\nlabor in tobacco farming in the US in 2013, some tobacco companies did not\nhave any child labor policies at all, and defaulted to weak protections in US\nlabor law. [28]\n\n### Insufficient assessment and monitoring of risks of human rights abuses\n\nCompanies should take steps to ensure that they know what the risks of human\nrights violations in their supply chain are, and should monitor and address\nthose risks on an ongoing basis. In order to correctly assess risks in their\nsupply chain, companies need to be familiar with every link in their supply\nchain.\n\nIn practice, businesses often fail to get a clear picture of the human rights\nrisks contained in their supply chain. Some companies do not even map out all\nactors involved in their supply chain.\n\n[ Click to expand Image ](/modal/24960)\n\nVictims of the 2013 Rana Plaza building collapse and their families\ndemonstrating at the site of the disaster demanding full compensation. \u00a9 2014\nG.M.B. Akash/Panos\n\nFor example, several international gold refineries have bought from Ghanaian\ngold export companies that had not traced the origin of the gold they were\nselling on and did not have sufficient child labor due diligence in place. One\nof the Ghanaian export companies acknowledged to Human Rights Watch that \u201cwe\nhave no way of knowing\u2026 whether the gold is from child labor.\u201d [29]\n\nFailure to adequately assess human rights risks can also contribute to\nviolations of international humanitarian law, or the laws of war. For example,\nan American retail chain sourced linens from a manufacturer, which was located\nin an Israeli settlement industrial zone in the occupied West Bank before\nrelocating to Israel in October 2015. Until then, the retail chain imported\nthe settlement-produced goods, thereby contributing to and benefitting from\nIsraeli settlement activity in occupied Palestinian territory, which violates\ninternational humanitarian law. The company also contributed to and benefited\nfrom human rights abuses associated with the occupation. The manufacturer\npromoted itself on its website as an exporter with a \u201chome-base in Israel\u201d and\nlabeled the linens as made in Israel, but the retailer\u2014which appears to have\nknown the true origin of the goods\u2014failed in its duty to conduct due diligence\nto ascertain the true origin of the goods and to ensure that it did not\ncontribute to violations of the international humanitarian laws applicable to\noccupation and human rights abuses. [31]\n\nOne method to assess and monitor risks is to conduct inspections at production\nsites. However, businesses do not always conduct such visits. Companies who\nvisit production sites may also conduct very superficial inspections and give\nthe local employer advance notice. As a result, abuses may not be detected or\nmay be concealed. [32]\n\n### Weaknesses in preventing and mitigating human rights abuse\n\nOnce companies have identified risks to human rights, they should take steps\nto prevent or mitigate those risks. Depending on the context these may include\nputting in place regular surprise inspections, contractual obligations for\nsuppliers, whistleblower protection, and other measures.\n\n[ Click to expand Image ](/modal/28418)\n\nA boy uses tongs to soak hides in a pit of diluted chemicals in a Hazaribagh\nleather tannery. Even though international law binding on Bangladesh and\nBangladesh\u2019s own labor law prohibit employing children under 18 in harmful or\nhazardous work, many children work in Hazaribagh\u2019s leather tanneries. \u00a9 2012\nArantxa Cedillo/Human Rights Watch\n\nMany companies fail to write specific human rights requirements into contracts\nwith their suppliers. For example, most workers in the construction sector in\nthe Gulf States are not covered by meaningful labor protections under domestic\nlaw, and most construction firms do not address this gap by insisting their\ncontractors provide adequate rights protections. In some high profile projects\nin the Gulf States\u2014such as construction associated with the 2022 Qatar World\nCup or on Saadiyat Island in Abu Dhabi\u2014contractual codes of labor protection\nare in place to regulate the conduct of contractors and subcontractors, but\nthese are exceptions rather than the norm. [33]\n\n### Insufficient third-party auditing for human rights issues\n\nCompanies across many sectors engage third-party auditors to verify compliance\nwith laws, regulations, and voluntary standards, including on responsible\nsourcing and respect for human rights. They sometimes also outsource the\nassessment of human rights risks.\n\nHowever, Human Rights Watch has found that these audits frequently do not\nfocus strongly enough on human rights, are not conducted by human rights\nexperts, or are too limited in scope.\n\nFor example, in the precious minerals industry, voluntary standards for\nresponsible sourcing seek to ensure respect for human rights alongside other\ngoals, but third-party verification of company compliance with these standards\nhas sometimes neglected human rights issues. In one case, Human Rights Watch\nfound that the summary report of an audit against Dubai\u2019s responsible sourcing\nstandard for a gold refinery in the United Arab Emirates did not mention human\nrights at all, and did not include any site visits to gold mines the refinery\nwas sourcing from. [34]\n\nIn the tobacco industry, Human Rights Watch found that in some cases auditors\ninspected tobacco farms in the US, but the inspections were deeply flawed.\nAuditors sometimes did not speak the language of the workers, did not\ninterview workers during site visits, visited at times of the day or year when\nchildren were not likely to be working, or announced visits ahead of time.\n[35]\n\nIn Bangladesh, weak third-party social audits have been identified as one of\nthe factors that contributed to the Rana Plaza collapse. According to trade\nunions, such audits often addressed worker\u2019s rights issues superficially or\nnot at all. [36] Since the Rana Plaza disaster, inspection of fire and\nbuilding safety has improved in the garment and footwear sector, particularly\nin Bangladesh.\n\nA large auditing company, Ernst and Young, has criticized a \u201cchecklist\napproach\u201d in auditing that is \u201cskewed towards the detection of clerical errors\nand health and safety questions with yes/no answers\u201d in current social\ncompliance auditing across a variety of sectors and countries. [37]\n\n### Lack of adequate external communication and public reporting\n\nAll too often, businesses keep the results of their internal and third-party\ninspections secret or publish only summary audit reports. While some\ninformation could legitimately be kept internal, companies should report\npublicly on the steps they have taken to conduct human rights due diligence.\nThe lack of adequate public reporting poses a serious problem of\naccountability. If companies do not disclose the steps they have taken to\nidentify, prevent, mitigate, or remediate human rights risks in their supply\nchain, abuses can be covered up, companies evade public scrutiny, and it is\nfar harder to remedy problems.\n\nOne example of weak public external communication is the poor reporting on\naudits conducted among gold refineries on responsible minerals supply chains.\nGold refiners have published summary compliance reports and summary reports of\naudits against several responsible sourcing standards, [38] but not the full\nfindings. One refinery has not even published the summary report of its audit\nagainst the \u201cResponsible Gold Guidance\u201d of the London Bullion Market\nAssociation. [39]\n\nSome brands, however, do publicly disclose information about factories that\nproduce for them, enabling better risk assessments. (See text box).\n\n** STEP IN THE RIGHT DIRECTION: PUBLIC DISCLOSURE OF SUPPLIERS ENABLES BETTER\nRISK ASSESSMENTS ** ** Public disclosure of suppliers in the Garment and\nFootwear Sector ** Some leading brands including Adidas, Disney, H&M, Levis,\nNew Balance, Nike, Patagonia, and Puma regularly publish lists of the\nfactories producing their clothes and shoes on their websites. By publishing\nthe names and locations factories producing for the company, companies bolster\ntheir ability to prevent and take timely measures to mitigate and remediate\nlabor rights violations in their supply chains. The disclosure of information\nby some brands in the garment and footwear section is a powerful first step\ntowards greater transparency. \n--- \n \n### Insufficient remediation\n\nWhere business enterprises have caused, contributed, or been directly linked\nto rights abuses, they should provide for or cooperate in the remediation of\nthese abuses. But in practice, Human Rights Watch has found a number of\ninstances where businesses have failed to take any effective steps to ensure\nremedy for human rights abuses that have occurred in their supply chains.\n[40]\n\nA positive example for remediation, if limited in scope, is the legally\nbinding Bangladesh Accord on Fire and Building Safety. (See text box).\n\n** STEP IN THE RIGHT DIRECTION: PREVENTION, MITIGATION, AND REMEDIATION ** **\nThe legally binding Bangladesh Accord on Fire and Building Safety ** In May\n2013, in the immediate aftermath of the Rana Plaza collapse, more than 200\napparel and footwear companies signed a five-year legally binding agreement\nwith trade unions to work towards factory building and fire safety in\nBangladesh\u2019s garment industry. This agreement paid attention to the serious\nflaws in the Bangladesh labor inspectorate regarding building safety, created\nan independent inspection system, and publicly disclosed all factories covered\nby the agreement, inspection reports, and corrective action plans. The Accord,\neven though limited to fire and building safety issues, has been a promising\ncollaborative effort to improve due diligence. \n--- \n \n[1] International Labour Organization, \u201cForced labour, human trafficking and\nslavery,\u201d undated, [ http://www.ilo.org/global/topics/forced-labour/lang--\nen/index.htm ](http://www.ilo.org/global/topics/forced-labour/lang--\nen/index.htm) (accessed April 8, 2016).\n\n[2] Human Rights Watch, _Cambodia\u2014\u201cWork Faster or Get Out\u201d: Labor Rights\nAbuses in Cambodia\u2019s Garment Industry_ , March 2015, [\nhttps://www.hrw.org/report/2015/03/11/work-faster-or-get-out/labor-rights-\nabuses-cambodias-garment-industry\n](https://www.hrw.org/report/2015/03/11/work-faster-or-get-out/labor-rights-\nabuses-cambodias-garment-industry) ; Human Rights Watch, _Bangladesh\u2014\u201cWhoever\nRaises their Head Suffers the Most\": Workers\u2019 Rights in Bangladesh\u2019s Garment\nFactories_ , April 2015, [ https://www.hrw.org/report/2015/04/22/whoever-\nraises-their-head-suffers-most/workers-rights-bangladeshs-garment\n](https://www.hrw.org/report/2015/04/22/whoever-raises-their-head-suffers-\nmost/workers-rights-bangladeshs-garment) .\n\n[3] Human Rights Watch, _United Arab Emirates\u2014\u201cThe Island of Happiness\":\nExploitation of Migrant Workers on Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi_ , May 2009, [\nhttps://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/uae0509webwcover_4.pdf\n](https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/uae0509webwcover_4.pdf) ;\nHuman Rights Watch, _United Arab Emirates\u2014The Island of Happiness Revisited: A\nProgress Report on Institutional Commitments to Address Abuses of Migrant\nWorkers on Abu Dhabi\u2019s Saadiyat Island_ , March 2012, [\nhttps://www.hrw.org/report/2012/03/21/island-happiness-revisited/progress-\nreport-institutional-commitments-address\n](https://www.hrw.org/report/2012/03/21/island-happiness-revisited/progress-\nreport-institutional-commitments-address) ; Human Rights Watch,\n_Qatar\u2014Building a Better World Cup: Protecting Migrant Workers in Qatar Ahead\nof FIFA 2022_ , June 2012, [ https://www.hrw.org/report/2012/06/12/building-\nbetter-world-cup/protecting-migrant-workers-qatar-ahead-fifa-2022\n](https://www.hrw.org/report/2012/06/12/building-better-world-cup/protecting-\nmigrant-workers-qatar-ahead-fifa-2022) ; Human Rights Watch, _Bahrain\u2014For a\nBetter Life: Migrant Worker Abuse in Bahrain and the Government Reform Agenda_\n, September 2012, [ https://www.hrw.org/report/2012/09/30/better-life/migrant-\nworker-abuse-bahrain-and-government-reform-agenda\n](https://www.hrw.org/report/2012/09/30/better-life/migrant-worker-abuse-\nbahrain-and-government-reform-agenda) ; Human Rights Watch, _United Arab\nEmirates\u2014Migrant Workers\u2019 Rights on Saadiyat Island in the United Arab\nEmirates 2015 Progress Report_ , February 2015, [\nhttps://www.hrw.org/report/2015/02/10/migrant-workers-rights-saadiyat-island-\nunited-arab-emirates/2015-progress-report\n](https://www.hrw.org/report/2015/02/10/migrant-workers-rights-saadiyat-\nisland-united-arab-emirates/2015-progress-report) .\n\n[4] International Labour Organization, \u201cFollowing decades of rapid increase,\nglobal supply chain jobs shrink,\" WCMS_370189, May 21, 2015, [\nhttp://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/newsroom/news/WCMS_370189/lang--\nen/index.htm ](http://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-\nilo/newsroom/news/WCMS_370189/lang--en/index.htm) (accessed April 7, 2016).\n\n[5] Jo Becker and Margaret Wurth (Human Rights Watch), \u201c\u2018Kids want to work\u2019\nis a poor justification for laws that legalize work by 10-year-olds,\"\ncommentary, _Global Post_ , September 5, 2014, [\nhttps://www.hrw.org/news/2014/09/05/kids-want-work-poor-justification-laws-\nlegalize-work-10-year-olds ](https://www.hrw.org/news/2014/09/05/kids-want-\nwork-poor-justification-laws-legalize-work-10-year-olds) .\n\n[6] Human Rights Watch, _Israel/Palestine\u2014Ripe for Abuse: Palestinian Child\nLabor in Israeli Agricultural Settlements in the West Bank_ , April 2015, [\nhttps://www.hrw.org/report/2015/04/13/ripe-abuse/palestinian-child-labor-\nisraeli-agricultural-settlements-west-bank\n](https://www.hrw.org/report/2015/04/13/ripe-abuse/palestinian-child-labor-\nisraeli-agricultural-settlements-west-bank) .\n\n[7] Human Rights Watch, _United States\u2014Tobacco\u2019s Hidden Children: Hazardous\nChild Labor in United States Tobacco Farming_ , May 2014, [\nhttps://www.hrw.org/report/2014/05/13/tobaccos-hidden-children/hazardous-\nchild-labor-united-states-tobacco-farming\n](https://www.hrw.org/report/2014/05/13/tobaccos-hidden-children/hazardous-\nchild-labor-united-states-tobacco-farming) ; Human Rights Watch, _United\nStates\u2014Teens of the Tobacco Fields: Child Labor in United States Tobacco\nFarming_ , December 2015, [ https://www.hrw.org/report/2015/12/09/teens-\ntobacco-fields/child-labor-united-states-tobacco-farming\n](https://www.hrw.org/report/2015/12/09/teens-tobacco-fields/child-labor-\nunited-states-tobacco-farming) ; Human Rights Watch, Upcoming report,\n_Indonesia\u2014\u201cThe Harvest is in My Blood\u201d: Hazardous Child Labor in Tobacco\nFarming in Indonesia_ , May 2016.\n\n[8] Human Rights Watch, _Mali\u2014A Poisonous Mix: Child Labor, Mercury, and\nArtisanal Gold Mining in Mali_ , December 2011, [\nhttps://www.hrw.org/report/2011/12/06/poisonous-mix/child-labor-mercury-and-\nartisanal-gold-mining-mali ](https://www.hrw.org/report/2011/12/06/poisonous-\nmix/child-labor-mercury-and-artisanal-gold-mining-mali) ; Human Rights Watch,\n_Tanzania\u2014Toxic Toil: Child Labor and Mercury Exposure in Tanzania\u2019s Small-\nScale Gold Mines_ , August 2013, [\nhttps://www.hrw.org/report/2013/08/28/toxic-toil/child-labor-and-mercury-\nexposure-tanzanias-small-scale-gold-mines\n](https://www.hrw.org/report/2013/08/28/toxic-toil/child-labor-and-mercury-\nexposure-tanzanias-small-scale-gold-mines) ; Human Rights Watch,\n_Ghana\u2014Precious Metal, Cheap Labor: Child Labor and Corporate Responsibility\nin Ghana\u2019s Artisanal Gold Mines_ , June 2015, [\nhttps://www.hrw.org/report/2015/06/10/precious-metal-cheap-labor/child-labor-\nand-corporate-responsibility-ghanas\n](https://www.hrw.org/report/2015/06/10/precious-metal-cheap-labor/child-\nlabor-and-corporate-responsibility-ghanas) ; Human Rights Watch, _Philippines\u2014\n\u201cWhat \u2026 if Something Went Wrong?\u201d: Hazardous Child Labor in Small-Scale Gold\nMining in the Philippines_ , September 2015, [\nhttps://www.hrw.org/report/2015/09/29/what-if-something-went-wrong/hazardous-\nchild-labor-small-scale-gold-mining\n](https://www.hrw.org/report/2015/09/29/what-if-something-went-\nwrong/hazardous-child-labor-small-scale-gold-mining) .\n\n[9] World Health Organization, \u201cAn estimated 12.6 million deaths each year\nare attributable to unhealthy environments,\u201d March 15, 2016, [\nhttp://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2016/deaths-attributable-to-\nunhealthy-environments/en/\n](http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2016/deaths-attributable-to-\nunhealthy-environments/en/) (accessed March 23, 2016).\n\n[10] Human Rights Watch, _Bangladesh\u2014Toxic Tanneries: The Health\nRepercussions of Bangladesh\u2019s Hazaribagh Leather_ , October 2012, [\nhttps://www.hrw.org/report/2012/10/08/toxic-tanneries/health-repercussions-\nbangladeshs-hazaribagh-leather ](https://www.hrw.org/report/2012/10/08/toxic-\ntanneries/health-repercussions-bangladeshs-hazaribagh-leather) .\n\n[11] Human Rights Watch, _Toxic Tanneries_ .\n\n[12] Human Rights Watch, _Papua New Guinea\u2014Gold\u2019s Costly Dividend: Human\nRights Impacts of Papua New Guinea\u2019s Porgera Gold Mine,_ February 2011, [\nhttps://www.hrw.org/report/2011/02/01/golds-costly-dividend/human-rights-\nimpacts-papua-new-guineas-porgera-gold-mine\n](https://www.hrw.org/report/2011/02/01/golds-costly-dividend/human-rights-\nimpacts-papua-new-guineas-porgera-gold-mine) .\n\n[13] Human Rights Watch, _India\u2014Out of Control: Mining, Regulatory Failure,\nand Human Rights in India_ , June 2012, [\nhttps://www.hrw.org/report/2012/06/14/out-control/mining-regulatory-failure-\nand-human-rights-india ](https://www.hrw.org/report/2012/06/14/out-\ncontrol/mining-regulatory-failure-and-human-rights-india) .\n\n[14] Stephan B\u00f6se-O\u2019Reilly et al., \u201cMercury as Serious Health Hazard for\nChildren in Gold Mining Areas,\u201d _Environmental Research_ , vol. 107 (2008);\nUnited Nations Environmental Programme, \u201cMercury. Time to Act,\u201d 2013, [\nhttp://www.unep.org/PDF/PressReleases/Mercury_TimeToAct.pdf\n](http://www.unep.org/PDF/PressReleases/Mercury_TimeToAct.pdf) (accessed April\n7, 2016).\n\n[15] Human Rights Watch, _Mozambique\u2014\u201cWhat is a House without Food?\u201d\nMozambique\u2019s Coal Mining Boom and Resettlements_ , May 2013, [\nhttps://www.hrw.org/report/2013/05/23/what-house-without-food/mozambiques-\ncoal-mining-boom-and-resettlements\n](https://www.hrw.org/report/2013/05/23/what-house-without-food/mozambiques-\ncoal-mining-boom-and-resettlements) .\n\n[16] Human Rights Watch, _Ethiopia\u2014\u201cWhat Will Happen if Hunger Comes?\u201d Abuses\nAgainst the Indigenous Peoples of Ethiopia\u2019s Lower Omo Valley_ , June 2012, [\nhttps://www.hrw.org/report/2012/06/18/what-will-happen-if-hunger-comes/abuses-\nagainst-indigenous-peoples-ethiopias-lower\n](https://www.hrw.org/report/2012/06/18/what-will-happen-if-hunger-\ncomes/abuses-against-indigenous-peoples-ethiopias-lower) ; Human Rights Watch,\n_Uganda\u2014\u201cHow Can We Survive Here?\" The Impact of Mining on Human Rights in\nKaramoja, Uganda_ , February 2014, [\nhttps://www.hrw.org/report/2014/02/03/how-can-we-survive-here/impact-mining-\nhuman-rights-karamoja-uganda ](https://www.hrw.org/report/2014/02/03/how-can-\nwe-survive-here/impact-mining-human-rights-karamoja-uganda) .\n\n[17] Human Rights Watch, _Democratic Republic of Congo\u2014The Curse of Gold:\nDemocratic Republic of Congo_ , June 2005, [\nhttps://www.hrw.org/report/2005/06/01/curse-gold\n](https://www.hrw.org/report/2005/06/01/curse-gold) . After Human Rights Watch\nexposed its relations with the armed group, AngloGold Ashanti committed to\nsevering all links with the group, reviewing its internal company procedures,\nand improving its understanding of the local context in which it was\noperating.\n\n[18] Human Rights Watch, _Israel-Palestine\u2014Occupation, Inc.: How Settlement\nBusinesses Contribute to Israel\u2019s Violations of Palestinian Rights_ , January\n2016, [ https://www.hrw.org/report/2016/01/19/occupation-inc/how-settlement-\nbusinesses-contribute-israels-violations-palestinian\n](https://www.hrw.org/report/2016/01/19/occupation-inc/how-settlement-\nbusinesses-contribute-israels-violations-palestinian) .\n\n[19] Human Rights Watch, World Report 2013 (New York: Human Rights Watch,\n2013), Without Rules: A Failed Approach to Corporate Accountability, [\nhttps://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/related_material/business.pdf\n](https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/related_material/business.pdf) .\n\n[20] Ibid.\n\n[21] Modern Slavery Act 2015 (Chapter 30), 2015, [\nhttp://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2015/30/pdfs/ukpga_20150030_en.pdf\n](http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2015/30/pdfs/ukpga_20150030_en.pdf)\n(accessed April 7, 2016).\n\n[22] Margaret Wurth (Human Rights Watch), \u201cTobacco\u2019s Children. Brazil Sets An\nExample for the US,\u201d _The Progressive Magazine_ , November 3, 2015, [\nhttps://www.hrw.org/news/2015/11/03/tobaccos-children-brazil-sets-example-us\n](https://www.hrw.org/news/2015/11/03/tobaccos-children-brazil-sets-example-\nus) .\n\n[23] International Labour Organization (ILO), \u201cBetter Work,\u201d undated, [\nhttp://www.ilo.org/global/programmes-and-projects/WCMS_084616/lang--\nen/index.htm ](http://www.ilo.org/global/programmes-and-\nprojects/WCMS_084616/lang--en/index.htm) (accessed April 22, 2016).\n\n[24] ILO, Protocol of 2014 to the Forced Labor Convention 1930, adopted June\n11, 2014, P029, enters into force November 9, 2016, [\nhttp://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_ILO_CODE:P029\n](http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_ILO_CODE:P029)\n.\n\n[25] United Nations Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner, \u201cGuiding\nPrinciples on Business and Human Rights: Implementing the United Nations\n\u2018Protect, Respect and Remedy\u2019 Framework,\" New York and Geneva, 2011, [\nhttp://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/GuidingPrinciplesBusinessHR_EN.pdf\n](http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/GuidingPrinciplesBusinessHR_EN.pdf)\n(accessed April 7, 2016); Organisation for Economic Co-operation and\nDevelopment (OECD), \u201cOECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises,\u201d 2011, [\nhttp://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/mne/48004323.pdf\n](http://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/mne/48004323.pdf) (accessed April 8, 2016);\nOECD, \u201cOECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Supply Chains of Minerals\nfrom Conflict-Affected and High-Risk Areas: Second Edition,\u201d 2013, [\nhttp://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/mne/GuidanceEdition2.pdf\n](http://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/mne/GuidanceEdition2.pdf) (accessed April 8,\n2016); OECD and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO),\n\u201cOECD-FAO Guidance for Responsible Agricultural Supply Chains,\u201d 2016, [\nhttps://mneguidelines.oecd.org/OECD-FAO-Guidance.pdf\n](https://mneguidelines.oecd.org/OECD-FAO-Guidance.pdf) (accessed April 8,\n2016).\n\n[26] UN Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner, \u201cGuiding Principles on\nBusiness and Human Rights.\u201d\n\n[27] Human Rights Watch, _Migrant Workers\u2019 Rights on Saadiyat Island: 2015\nProgress Report_ .\n\n[28] Human Rights Watch, _Tobacco\u2019s Hidden Children_ ; Human Rights Watch,\n_Teens of the Tobacco Fields_ .\n\n[29] Human Rights Watch, _Precious Metal, Cheap Labor_ .\n\n[30] Human Rights Watch, _Precious Metal, Cheap Labor_ .\n\n[31] Human Rights Watch, _Occupation, Inc._\n\n[32] Human Rights Watch, _Tobacco\u2019s Hidden Children_ ; Human Rights Watch,\n_Teens of the Tobacco Fields_ ; Human Rights Watch, _Precious Metal, Cheap\nLabor_ .\n\n[33] Human Rights Watch, \u201c _The Island of Happiness_ \"; Human Rights Watch,\n_Migrant Workers\u2019 Rights on Saadiyat Island in the United Arab Emirates 2015\nProgress Report_ .\n\n[34] Ernst and Young, \u201cIndependent Reasonable Assurance Report on Emirates\nGold DMCC\u2019s Refiner\u2019s Compliance Report,\u201d March 26, 2015, [\nhttp://www.emiratesgold.ae/images/pdf/2014%20DMCC%20Emirates%20Gold%20Compliance%20and%20Assurance%20Reports%20EY%20final.pdf\n](http://www.emiratesgold.ae/images/pdf/2014%20DMCC%20Emirates%20Gold%20Compliance%20and%20Assurance%20Reports%20EY%20final.pdf)\n(accessed April 7, 2016). The standard against which Emirates Gold was audited\nwas the Dubai Multi Commodities Centre (DMCC) Practical Guidance for market\nparticipants in the gold and precious metals industry.\n\n[35] Human Rights Watch, _Tobacco\u2019s Hidden Children_ ; Human Rights Watch,\n_Teens of the Tobacco Fields_ .\n\n[36] Human Rights Watch, _\"Whoever Raises their Head Suffers the Most.\u201d_ The\ntrade unions referred to inspections in general.\n\n[37] Ernst and Young, \u201cHuman Rights and Professional Wrongs: Rethinking\nCorporate Social Compliance in the Supply Chain,\u201d undated, [\nhttp://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/EY_-\n_Human_rights_and_professional_wrongs/$FILE/ey-Social-compliance-and-human-\nrights-report.pdf ](http://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/EY_-\n_Human_rights_and_professional_wrongs/%24FILE/ey-Social-compliance-and-human-\nrights-report.pdf) (accessed March 23, 2016).\n\n[38] These standards are the Responsible Gold Guidance of the London Bullion\nMarket Association (LBMA), the Chain-of-Custody Standard of the Responsible\nJewellery Council (RJC), and the Practical Guidance for market participants in\nthe gold and precious metals industry of the Dubai Multi-Commodities Centre\n(DMCC) .\n\n[39] Human Rights Watch, _Precious Metal, Cheap Labor_ .\n\n[40] Human Rights Watch, _Migrant Workers\u2019 Rights on Saadiyat Island: 2015\nProgress Report_ ; Human Rights Watch, _Toxic Tanneries._\n\n## Related Content\n\nMay 30, 2016 News Release\n\n### [ Make Rules on Rights Binding for Businesses ](/news/2016/05/30/make-\nrules-rights-binding-businesses)\n\nILO Should Create Treaty to Protect Workers\n\n[ ](/news/2016/05/30/make-rules-rights-binding-businesses)\n\nMay 10, 2016 Statement\n\n### [ Civil society statement at the 10th Forum on Responsible Mineral Supply\nChains ](/news/2016/05/10/civil-society-statement-10th-forum-responsible-\nmineral-supply-chains)\n\n[ ](/news/2016/05/10/civil-society-statement-10th-forum-responsible-mineral-\nsupply-chains)\n\nApril 12, 2016 Dispatches\n\n### [ Dispatches: Child Labor in Dubai\u2019s Gold Supply Chain\n](/news/2016/04/12/dispatches-child-labor-dubais-gold-supply-chain)\n\nChildren in Ghana Pay the Price\n\n[ ](/news/2016/04/12/dispatches-child-labor-dubais-gold-supply-chain)\n\nMay 30, 2016 News Release\n\n### [ Make Rules on Rights Binding for Businesses ](/news/2016/05/30/make-\nrules-rights-binding-businesses)\n\n[ ](/news/2016/05/30/make-rules-rights-binding-businesses)\n\nMay 10, 2016 Statement\n\n### [ Civil society statement at the 10th Forum on Responsible Mineral Supply\nChains ](/news/2016/05/10/civil-society-statement-10th-forum-responsible-\nmineral-supply-chains)\n\n[ ](/news/2016/05/10/civil-society-statement-10th-forum-responsible-mineral-\nsupply-chains)\n\nTopic\n\n * [ Children's Rights ](/topic/childrens-rights)\n * [ Child Labor ](/topic/childrens-rights/child-labor)\n * [ Economic Justice and Rights ](/topic/economic-justice-and-rights)\n * [ Environment and Health ](/topic/health/environment-and-health)\n\nTags\n\n * [ Global Supply Chains ](/tag/global-supply-chains)\n * [ kafala system ](/tag/kafala-system)\n\n### [ Protecting Rights, Saving Lives Human Rights Watch defends the rights\nof people in close to 100 countries worldwide, spotlighting abuses and\nbringing perpetrators to justice Donate Now\n](https://donate.hrw.org/page/107245/donate/1?ea.tracking.id=EP2022EVpgfooter&promo_id=1005)\n\n## Connect With Us\n\n * [ BlueSky ](https://bsky.app/profile/hrw.org \"BlueSky\")\n * [ X ](https://twitter.com/hrw \"X\")\n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/HumanRightsWatch \"Facebook\")\n * [ YouTube ](https://www.youtube.com/user/HumanRightsWatch \"YouTube\")\n * [ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/humanrightswatch/ \"Instagram\")\n * [ LinkedIn ](https://www.linkedin.com/company/human-rights-watch/ \"LinkedIn\")\n * [ TikTok ](https://www.tiktok.com/@humanrightswatch \"TikTok\")\n\n\u00a9 2025 Human Rights Watch\n\n**Human Rights Watch** | 350 Fifth Avenue, 34th Floor | New York, NY 10118-3299 USA | **t** 1.212.290.4700 \n\n**Human Rights Watch** is a 501(C)(3) nonprofit registered in the US under\nEIN: 13-2875808\n\n[ ](https://www.hrw.org/)\n\n",
"url": "https://www.hrw.org/report/2016/05/30/human-rights-supply-chains/call-binding-global-standard-due-diligence"
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"summary": "This is a report from Human Rights Watch advocating for a binding global standard for due diligence in supply chains to address human rights concerns.",
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"page_content": "Avetta Summit 2025\n\nNashville | June 17-18 \n\n[ Learn more Learn more ](/summits/nashville-2025)\n\nAvetta Summit 2025\n\nNashville | June 17-18 \n\n[ Learn more Learn more ](/summits/nashville-2025)\n\nAvetta Blog\n\n[ Blogs ](/blog)\n\n[ Book & Guides ](/resources/books)\n\n[ Company News ](/resources/company-news)\n\n[ Success Stories ](/resources/customers)\n\n[ Webinars ](/resources/webinars)\n\nContractor Risk Management\n\n# The Reputational Risk of Human Rights Abuses in Supply Chains\n\nAvetta Marketing\n\nmin read\n\nReserve your copy\n\nCompanies continue to be challenged by ever-changing risks, including\noperating in sectors that require goods and services to be sourced from a\ncomplex network of suppliers spanning across nations. With access to new labor\nmarkets and emerging technologies, companies who span across country lines\ncould be at risk of human rights abuses in supply chains.\n\nHuman rights abuses in the supply chain have been a longstanding global issue\nand can be difficult to monitor and mitigate. According to a 2018 [ report\nfrom the UN\u00e2\u0080\u0099s International Labor Organization (ILO) and the Walk Free\nFoundation ](https://www.globalslaveryindex.org/2018/findings/global-\nfindings/) , nearly 40.3 million people are engaged in some form of modern\nslavery, with 71% of the victims being women and children.\n\nHuman rights risks in the global supply chain include:\n\n * Forced or compulsory labor \n * Human trafficking \n * Bonded labor \n * Restrictions on freedom of association and the right to collective bargaining \n * Poor, unhygienic, or unsafe working conditions \n * Illegal child labor \n * Excessive working hours \n * Harsh and inhumane treatment \n * Discrimination \n\nIn most cases, human rights violations in the supply chain are due to poor\nmanagement or exploitative practices. Research shows that [ 57% of businesses\nhave poor visibility across their supply chains, and only 23% of businesses\nhave a credible framework of mapping supplier networks\n](https://jigsawbusinessgroup.com/2019-supply-chain-statistics-10-more-\nshocking-figures/) \u00e2\u0080\u0094this is especially challenging for companies who rely\nheavily on third-party suppliers.\n\nThere are multiple ways you can manage human rights risks in your supply\nchain:\n\n 1. Thoroughly Map Key Supply Chains: Companies should map their supply chains down to the level of product or raw material procurement. You need to know each individual\u00e2\u0080\u0099s certifications, insurance and trainings to ensure a strong supply chain. \n 2. Risk Assessment of Contractors and Their Recruiting Practices: It\u00e2\u0080\u0099s critical for companies to thoroughly assess each supply chain partner and evaluate their recruiting and work practices to identify any potential forms of abuse or human rights violations. \n 3. Autonomous Audits of all Labor Practices On-Site: A supplier\u00e2\u0080\u0099s compliance with a company\u00e2\u0080\u0099s labor policies and principles should be regularly evaluated through audits conducted by qualified and independent third parties. \n 4. Effectively Manage Media Responsibilities: It\u00e2\u0080\u0099s important for companies to strategically manage their media responsibilities, which will ensure brand reputation does not get tarnished due to bad publicity or wrong whistleblowing. \n 5. Leverage Social Media Listening to Identify Issues Early: Social media allows companies to obtain perspectives from people, employees, and customers. This is a prime opportunity for companies to stay vigilant of complaints, allegations, and grievances coming from the larger worker community and to mitigate labor incidents before they even grow out of proportion. \n 6. Training and Educating Employees and Supply Chain Partners: Training for employees and third parties can help reduce risks as well. In these trainings, companies can clearly communicate their worker policies and guidelines to employees and suppliers. \n\nAvetta offers many resources that address companies\u00e2\u0080\u0099 needs to managing\nrisks. Tools like audit services, supplier prequalification and vetting\nsoftware, and free risk assessments can help companies identify whether their\nsuppliers are following the right labor policies and procedures, whether they\nare implementing the right workplace controls and complying with government\nsanctions on workplace rights.\n\n\u00e2\u0080\u008d\n\nModern Slavery\n\nRisk Management\n\nSupply Chain Risk\n\nSupply Chain Management\n\n### Sign up to reserve your copy of the report now\n\nThank you! Your submission has been received!\n\n##### The Reputational Risk of Human Rights Abuses in Supply Chains\n\nDownload now Download now Watch webinar Watch webinar\n\nOops! Something went wrong while submitting the form.\n\nFor information on how we process your data, please visit our [ privacy policy\n](/legal/privacy-policy) .\n\n### Stay updated with Avetta by signing up for our newsletter\n\nWe'll keep you in the loop with everything good going on in the modern working\nworld.\n\nThank you! Your submission has been received!\n\nOops! Something went wrong while submitting the form.\n\nFor information on how we process your data, please visit our [ privacy policy\n](/legal/privacy-policy) .\n\nContractor Risk Management\n\nThe Reputational Risk of Human Rights Abuses in Supply Chains\n\nAvetta Marketing\n\nmin read\n\nCompanies continue to be challenged by ever-changing risks, including\noperating in sectors that require goods and services to be sourced from a\ncomplex network of suppliers spanning across nations. With access to new labor\nmarkets and emerging technologies, companies who span across country lines\ncould be at risk of human rights abuses in supply chains.\n\nHuman rights abuses in the supply chain have been a longstanding global issue\nand can be difficult to monitor and mitigate. According to a 2018 [ report\nfrom the UN\u00e2\u0080\u0099s International Labor Organization (ILO) and the Walk Free\nFoundation ](https://www.globalslaveryindex.org/2018/findings/global-\nfindings/) , nearly 40.3 million people are engaged in some form of modern\nslavery, with 71% of the victims being women and children.\n\nHuman rights risks in the global supply chain include:\n\n * Forced or compulsory labor \n * Human trafficking \n * Bonded labor \n * Restrictions on freedom of association and the right to collective bargaining \n * Poor, unhygienic, or unsafe working conditions \n * Illegal child labor \n * Excessive working hours \n * Harsh and inhumane treatment \n * Discrimination \n\nIn most cases, human rights violations in the supply chain are due to poor\nmanagement or exploitative practices. Research shows that [ 57% of businesses\nhave poor visibility across their supply chains, and only 23% of businesses\nhave a credible framework of mapping supplier networks\n](https://jigsawbusinessgroup.com/2019-supply-chain-statistics-10-more-\nshocking-figures/) \u00e2\u0080\u0094this is especially challenging for companies who rely\nheavily on third-party suppliers.\n\nThere are multiple ways you can manage human rights risks in your supply\nchain:\n\n 1. Thoroughly Map Key Supply Chains: Companies should map their supply chains down to the level of product or raw material procurement. You need to know each individual\u00e2\u0080\u0099s certifications, insurance and trainings to ensure a strong supply chain. \n 2. Risk Assessment of Contractors and Their Recruiting Practices: It\u00e2\u0080\u0099s critical for companies to thoroughly assess each supply chain partner and evaluate their recruiting and work practices to identify any potential forms of abuse or human rights violations. \n 3. Autonomous Audits of all Labor Practices On-Site: A supplier\u00e2\u0080\u0099s compliance with a company\u00e2\u0080\u0099s labor policies and principles should be regularly evaluated through audits conducted by qualified and independent third parties. \n 4. Effectively Manage Media Responsibilities: It\u00e2\u0080\u0099s important for companies to strategically manage their media responsibilities, which will ensure brand reputation does not get tarnished due to bad publicity or wrong whistleblowing. \n 5. Leverage Social Media Listening to Identify Issues Early: Social media allows companies to obtain perspectives from people, employees, and customers. This is a prime opportunity for companies to stay vigilant of complaints, allegations, and grievances coming from the larger worker community and to mitigate labor incidents before they even grow out of proportion. \n 6. Training and Educating Employees and Supply Chain Partners: Training for employees and third parties can help reduce risks as well. In these trainings, companies can clearly communicate their worker policies and guidelines to employees and suppliers. \n\nAvetta offers many resources that address companies\u00e2\u0080\u0099 needs to managing\nrisks. Tools like audit services, supplier prequalification and vetting\nsoftware, and free risk assessments can help companies identify whether their\nsuppliers are following the right labor policies and procedures, whether they\nare implementing the right workplace controls and complying with government\nsanctions on workplace rights.\n\n\u00e2\u0080\u008d\n\n,\n\nModern Slavery\n\nRisk Management\n\nSupply Chain Risk\n\nSupply Chain Management\n\n### Stay updated with Avetta by signing up for our newsletter\n\nWe'll keep you in the loop with everything good going on in the modern working\nworld.\n\nThank you! Your submission has been received!\n\nOops! Something went wrong while submitting the form.\n\nFor information on how we process your data, please visit our [ privacy policy\n](/legal/privacy-policy) .\n\nContractor Risk Management\n\nThe Reputational Risk of Human Rights Abuses in Supply Chains\n\nAccess this on-demand, anytime anywhere\n\nAvetta Marketing\n\nmin read\n\nContractor Risk Management\n\nThe Reputational Risk of Human Rights Abuses in Supply Chains\n\nSpeakers\n\nAvetta Marketing\n\nmin read\n\nNo items found.\n\nCompanies continue to be challenged by ever-changing risks, including\noperating in sectors that require goods and services to be sourced from a\ncomplex network of suppliers spanning across nations. With access to new labor\nmarkets and emerging technologies, companies who span across country lines\ncould be at risk of human rights abuses in supply chains.\n\nHuman rights abuses in the supply chain have been a longstanding global issue\nand can be difficult to monitor and mitigate. According to a 2018 [ report\nfrom the UN\u00e2\u0080\u0099s International Labor Organization (ILO) and the Walk Free\nFoundation ](https://www.globalslaveryindex.org/2018/findings/global-\nfindings/) , nearly 40.3 million people are engaged in some form of modern\nslavery, with 71% of the victims being women and children.\n\nHuman rights risks in the global supply chain include:\n\n * Forced or compulsory labor \n * Human trafficking \n * Bonded labor \n * Restrictions on freedom of association and the right to collective bargaining \n * Poor, unhygienic, or unsafe working conditions \n * Illegal child labor \n * Excessive working hours \n * Harsh and inhumane treatment \n * Discrimination \n\nIn most cases, human rights violations in the supply chain are due to poor\nmanagement or exploitative practices. Research shows that [ 57% of businesses\nhave poor visibility across their supply chains, and only 23% of businesses\nhave a credible framework of mapping supplier networks\n](https://jigsawbusinessgroup.com/2019-supply-chain-statistics-10-more-\nshocking-figures/) \u00e2\u0080\u0094this is especially challenging for companies who rely\nheavily on third-party suppliers.\n\nThere are multiple ways you can manage human rights risks in your supply\nchain:\n\n 1. Thoroughly Map Key Supply Chains: Companies should map their supply chains down to the level of product or raw material procurement. You need to know each individual\u00e2\u0080\u0099s certifications, insurance and trainings to ensure a strong supply chain. \n 2. Risk Assessment of Contractors and Their Recruiting Practices: It\u00e2\u0080\u0099s critical for companies to thoroughly assess each supply chain partner and evaluate their recruiting and work practices to identify any potential forms of abuse or human rights violations. \n 3. Autonomous Audits of all Labor Practices On-Site: A supplier\u00e2\u0080\u0099s compliance with a company\u00e2\u0080\u0099s labor policies and principles should be regularly evaluated through audits conducted by qualified and independent third parties. \n 4. Effectively Manage Media Responsibilities: It\u00e2\u0080\u0099s important for companies to strategically manage their media responsibilities, which will ensure brand reputation does not get tarnished due to bad publicity or wrong whistleblowing. \n 5. Leverage Social Media Listening to Identify Issues Early: Social media allows companies to obtain perspectives from people, employees, and customers. This is a prime opportunity for companies to stay vigilant of complaints, allegations, and grievances coming from the larger worker community and to mitigate labor incidents before they even grow out of proportion. \n 6. Training and Educating Employees and Supply Chain Partners: Training for employees and third parties can help reduce risks as well. In these trainings, companies can clearly communicate their worker policies and guidelines to employees and suppliers. \n\nAvetta offers many resources that address companies\u00e2\u0080\u0099 needs to managing\nrisks. Tools like audit services, supplier prequalification and vetting\nsoftware, and free risk assessments can help companies identify whether their\nsuppliers are following the right labor policies and procedures, whether they\nare implementing the right workplace controls and complying with government\nsanctions on workplace rights.\n\n\u00e2\u0080\u008d\n\n,\n\nSpeakers\n\nNo items found.\n\nModern Slavery\n\nRisk Management\n\nSupply Chain Risk\n\nSupply Chain Management\n\n### Get instant access\n\nThank you! Your submission has been received!\n\n##### The Reputational Risk of Human Rights Abuses in Supply Chains\n\nDownload now Download now Watch webinar Watch webinar\n\nOops! Something went wrong while submitting the form.\n\nFor information on how we process your data, please visit our [ privacy policy\n](/legal/privacy-policy) .\n\n### Stay updated with Avetta by signing up for our newsletter\n\nWe'll keep you in the loop with everything good going on in the modern working\nworld.\n\nThank you! Your submission has been received!\n\nOops! Something went wrong while submitting the form.\n\nFor information on how we process your data, please visit our [ privacy policy\n](/legal/privacy-policy) .\n\nContractor Risk Management\n\n# The Reputational Risk of Human Rights Abuses in Supply Chains\n\nDownload this report now\n\nAvetta Marketing\n\nmin read\n\nContractor Risk Management\n\nThe Reputational Risk of Human Rights Abuses in Supply Chains\n\nAvetta Marketing\n\nmin read\n\nCompanies continue to be challenged by ever-changing risks, including\noperating in sectors that require goods and services to be sourced from a\ncomplex network of suppliers spanning across nations. With access to new labor\nmarkets and emerging technologies, companies who span across country lines\ncould be at risk of human rights abuses in supply chains.\n\nHuman rights abuses in the supply chain have been a longstanding global issue\nand can be difficult to monitor and mitigate. According to a 2018 [ report\nfrom the UN\u00e2\u0080\u0099s International Labor Organization (ILO) and the Walk Free\nFoundation ](https://www.globalslaveryindex.org/2018/findings/global-\nfindings/) , nearly 40.3 million people are engaged in some form of modern\nslavery, with 71% of the victims being women and children.\n\nHuman rights risks in the global supply chain include:\n\n * Forced or compulsory labor \n * Human trafficking \n * Bonded labor \n * Restrictions on freedom of association and the right to collective bargaining \n * Poor, unhygienic, or unsafe working conditions \n * Illegal child labor \n * Excessive working hours \n * Harsh and inhumane treatment \n * Discrimination \n\nIn most cases, human rights violations in the supply chain are due to poor\nmanagement or exploitative practices. Research shows that [ 57% of businesses\nhave poor visibility across their supply chains, and only 23% of businesses\nhave a credible framework of mapping supplier networks\n](https://jigsawbusinessgroup.com/2019-supply-chain-statistics-10-more-\nshocking-figures/) \u00e2\u0080\u0094this is especially challenging for companies who rely\nheavily on third-party suppliers.\n\nThere are multiple ways you can manage human rights risks in your supply\nchain:\n\n 1. Thoroughly Map Key Supply Chains: Companies should map their supply chains down to the level of product or raw material procurement. You need to know each individual\u00e2\u0080\u0099s certifications, insurance and trainings to ensure a strong supply chain. \n 2. Risk Assessment of Contractors and Their Recruiting Practices: It\u00e2\u0080\u0099s critical for companies to thoroughly assess each supply chain partner and evaluate their recruiting and work practices to identify any potential forms of abuse or human rights violations. \n 3. Autonomous Audits of all Labor Practices On-Site: A supplier\u00e2\u0080\u0099s compliance with a company\u00e2\u0080\u0099s labor policies and principles should be regularly evaluated through audits conducted by qualified and independent third parties. \n 4. Effectively Manage Media Responsibilities: It\u00e2\u0080\u0099s important for companies to strategically manage their media responsibilities, which will ensure brand reputation does not get tarnished due to bad publicity or wrong whistleblowing. \n 5. Leverage Social Media Listening to Identify Issues Early: Social media allows companies to obtain perspectives from people, employees, and customers. This is a prime opportunity for companies to stay vigilant of complaints, allegations, and grievances coming from the larger worker community and to mitigate labor incidents before they even grow out of proportion. \n 6. Training and Educating Employees and Supply Chain Partners: Training for employees and third parties can help reduce risks as well. In these trainings, companies can clearly communicate their worker policies and guidelines to employees and suppliers. \n\nAvetta offers many resources that address companies\u00e2\u0080\u0099 needs to managing\nrisks. Tools like audit services, supplier prequalification and vetting\nsoftware, and free risk assessments can help companies identify whether their\nsuppliers are following the right labor policies and procedures, whether they\nare implementing the right workplace controls and complying with government\nsanctions on workplace rights.\n\n\u00e2\u0080\u008d\n\nDownload now Download now Download now Download now\n\n,\n\nModern Slavery\n\nRisk Management\n\nSupply Chain Risk\n\nSupply Chain Management\n\n### Get instant access\n\nThank you! 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"url": "https://www.avetta.com/blog/the-reputational-risk-of-human-rights-abuses-in-supply-chains"
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"reason": "Avetta is a company that provides supply chain risk management solutions. This blog post discusses the reputational risks associated with human rights abuses in supply chains.",
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"summary": "This blog post from Avetta discusses the reputational risk of human rights abuses in supply chains.",
"url": "https://www.avetta.com/blog/the-reputational-risk-of-human-rights-abuses-in-supply-chains"
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"source": "https://harvardlawreview.org/print/vol-136/policy-as-a-one-legged-stool-u-s-actions-against-supply-chain-forced-labor-abuses/"
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"page_content": "Skip to main content\n\n[ Harvard Law Review ](https://harvardlawreview.org/) [ Print\n](https://harvardlawreview.org/print/) [ Developments in the Law\n](https://harvardlawreview.org/category/developments-in-the-law/)\n\n[ Download ](https://harvardlawreview.org/wp-\ncontent/uploads/2023/03/136-Harv.-L.-Rev.-1700.pdf)\n\nSee Footnotes\n\nForced labor is on the rise worldwide, with migrant workers and local\ncommunities falling victim to exploitative trafficking and labor practices.\nThese practices sometimes catch the headlines, as evidenced by stories of\nabuse of migrant workers building the 2022 World Cup stadiums in Qatar. 1\nBut, far more often, the labor and suffering of migrant workers go unnoticed.\n\nForced labor \u2014 or the subset of forced labor that is the focus of this Chapter\n\u2014 exists in a particular web of overlapping legal jurisdictions and moral\nresponsibilities. Demand from U.S. consumers drives U.S. companies to\noutsource production to the Global South, where wages and costs are low but\nrisk of labor abuses runs high. Additionally, multinational corporations\n(often with ties to former colonial powers) return to extract resources and\ncommodities from resource-rich areas in Africa and Asia. In those corners of\nthe world, shadowy networks of farmers, middlemen, and recruiters drive\nsystems that traffic vulnerable human beings, including children, to work in\nthe production or extraction of goods destined for consumption in wealthy\nWestern markets. These actors may operate in climates where local law\nenforcement structures are not able to take action to prevent forced labor.\nBut the fact that these products make their way into global supply chains,\nmanaged by transnational corporations and destined for the supermarkets of\nNorth America, has led many to argue that pathways for justice can and should\nbe found in the court systems of Western states. 2 The instances of forced\nlabor upon which this Chapter focuses are perpetrated by non-U.S. persons\noutside of U.S. territory, but extraterritorial avenues inside the U.S. court\nsystem have nevertheless allowed corporate nexuses in the United States to\nconfer jurisdiction to bring claims or use federal policies against rights\nabuses abroad.\n\nThis Chapter proceeds in three sections. Section A sets out, firstly, to\nexplain the worldwide problem of forced labor in global supply chains and,\nsecondly, to argue that the United States, the world\u2019s largest economy, has a\nmoral duty to victims of forced labor. Section B points to one erstwhile\nmechanism for accountability for these rights abuses \u2014 private civil claims in\nU.S. federal courts. Recent restrictions of extraterritorial causes of action\nand overall difficulties in showing supply-chain connections in court have\nspelled the demise of the Alien Tort Statute 3 (ATS) and will, this Chapter\npredicts, soon close the door on civil claims for forced labor under the\nTrafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2003 4 (TVPRA).\nWithout these avenues to bring claims before U.S. courts, victims of\ninternational labor abuses are beholden to others to drive policy and\ncompliance with labor standards. Section C turns to U.S. foreign and public\npolicy actions against forced labor abroad. Canvassing the many avenues for\nincreasing use of the federal toolkit against forced labor, this section\nargues that U.S. foreign policy can play a crucial role on the world stage in\nenforcing labor standards. However, such action will always be dependent on \u2014\nand subservient to \u2014 greater American political and diplomatic interests. A\nbrief conclusion surveys the impacts of these changes on victims of rights\nabuses throughout the world.\n\n### A. Forced Labor and Moral Duties\n\n_1\\. \u201cThey Sold Us Like Animals, But We Are Not Animals \u2014 We Are Human\nBeings.\u201d_ _ 5 \u2014 _ There are over twenty-seven million individuals currently\nestimated to be caught in conditions of forced labor around the world. 6\nThese individuals work in industries ranging from textiles to high-tech\nmanufacturing to deep-sea fishing. 7 The International Labor Organization\ndefines forced labor as \u201call work or service which is exacted from any person\nunder the menace of any penalty and for which the said person has not offered\nhimself voluntarily.\u201d 8 Forced labor is a \u201cbroad category\u201d that falls short\nof chattel slavery or modern forms of slavery \u2014 its \u201cessence is coercion\nrather than ownership but arguably a less intense coercion than in the case of\nservitude.\u201d 9\n\nThe United States is also by far the world\u2019s largest importer of products at\nrisk for being produced with forced labor. 10 The Walk Free Foundation\u2019s\nGlobal Slavery Index cites laptops, computers, and mobile phones; garments;\nfish; cocoa; and sugarcane as the top five products at risk of production\nthrough modern slavery imported into G20 countries. 11 The United States\u2019s\ncombined total of these imports is $144 billion. 12\n\nForced labor is endemic throughout the world, especially in countries where\nhigh-value exports are produced and that contain areas of high poverty and\nsocial instability. In C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, cocoa farming faces an \u201cepidemic of\nchild labor.\u201d 13 On rural cocoa plantations, boys as young as eleven spend\ntheir days in hard manual labor, without schooling, medical care, or access to\ntheir families. 14 Many of these children hail from neighboring Burkina Faso\nand are brought by coordinated traffickers across the border to C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire\non the promise of work. 15 On small farms in the Ivorian forest, these boys\nproduce and process cocoa that flows into the U.S. market for some of the\nworld\u2019s largest chocolate producers. 16\n\nIn Xinjiang, China, the pervasive repression of the Uyghur ethnic minority\ngroup has included forced labor practices. Reports by the U.S. government, the\nU.N. Office of the High Commissioner of Human Rights (OHCHR), and advocacy\ngroups have shown the prevalence of forced labor in an overall system of\nethnic repression that includes placing Uyghurs in \u201cVocational Education\nTraining Centers\u201d (VETCs), where they are sent through a program of\nSinicization. 17 The OHCHR report states that Uyghur detainees are forced,\nas part of their \u201cgraduation process,\u201d to work within the VETCs without the\npossibility of refusal. 18 The U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) estimates that\nthe number of such workers reaches one hundred thousand. 19 Government\nforces have additionally sent Uyghurs to work in factories in other provinces\nof China in \u201clabor transfer programs.\u201d 20 And, prior to the enactment of the\nUyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act 21 (UFLPA), which halted imports from\nXinjiang to the U.S. market, sixteen percent of cotton clothes sold in the\nUnited States contained cotton sourced from Xinjiang. 22\n\nIn Thailand, the fishing industry is a hotbed of forced labor. 23 A 2018\nHuman Rights Watch report examined stories of migrant workers in the Thai\nfishing industry who were kept on fishing ships without pay and under\nconditions of extreme physical abuse for years on end. 24 And _The Guardian_\nreported in 2014 the stories of men \u201cbought and sold like animals and held\nagainst their will\u201d on Thai fishing boats \u2014 sharing horrific stories of abuse\nand murders in slavery-like conditions. 25 The forced laborers on these\nboats were largely migrants from Myanmar (Burma), Cambodia, and Laos, who\ntraveled to Thailand seeking higher-paying work, often on the advice of a\nlocal agency or trusted community member. 26 Too often, however, migrants\nland in the control of exploitative \u201cbrokers,\u201d who trap them in debt bondage\nor sell them directly to ship captains or owners, who force them into inhumane\nwork conditions on deep-sea fishing vessels. 27 Men interviewed by the _New\nYork Times_ and other media outlets described horrific environments on board,\nincluding insufficient food, unhygienic conditions, and beatings and sadistic\npunishment of those who disobeyed the captains. 28 The labor from these\nships leads directly to the global supply chain: forced laborers catch fish\nthat is sold as fishmeal to shrimp farmers or to canneries that process it for\npet food. 29 Major U.S. retailers like Costco and Walmart then buy those\nproducts for import into the United States. 30\n\nThe three sectors mentioned above provide just a small window into the scale\nand breadth of forced labor worldwide. Migrants also work under horrible\nconditions in mining, domestic work, construction, agriculture, and other\nareas across all of the countries of the world. 31\n\n_2\\. Those in Glass Houses Shouldn\u2019t Buy Fish. \u2014_ The victims of forced labor\ndescribed in the above section reside far outside the territorial confines of\nthe United States. But, with the United States\u2019s large number of imports,\nvictims\u2019 fates are fundamentally tied to the demands and whims of American\nconsumers: our insatiable appetite for Mars Halloween candy, Patagonia vests,\nand frozen shrimp stir-fries helps construct the webs of demand, power, and\nmoney that bind millions across the globe in conditions of abject servitude\nand misery. 32 This Chapter offers, as a premise, that the Western countries\nthat drive the demand for such goods \u2014 chief among them the United States \u2014\nshould hold some moral (if not strictly legal) responsibility for the human\nrights abuses fostered in their production. This concept is not new: the sense\nof moral obligation to the workers who toil to produce one\u2019s commercial goods\nhas been observed on the domestic and international stages and has, to some\ndegree, permeated public consciousness. 33 This Chapter argues that such a\nmoral duty should implicate U.S. policy and foreign relations, even if not\ndirectly implemented into U.S. legislation or legal doctrine. 34 Even if\ntacit, this fundamental conception (from a rights-based framework) of moral\nduty to the millions of individuals whose slavery and subjugation is a direct\nresult of U.S. market forces can be a powerful tool for shaping policy. Civil\nsociety, victims\u2019 groups, and progressive lobbyists can and should use\nmorality-based arguments to push for increasing U.S. action on forced labor.\n\nMoreover, these duties are also, to some extent, recognized within the\ninternational legal system. On a state-to-state level, and in the vernacular\nof international law, some human rights scholars argue that the United States\nowes a moral or principle-based human rights obligation (even absent binding\nprovisions in treaty or custom) to those across the world who contribute to\nthe U.S. economy. 35 These obligations, referred to as \u201ctransnational human\nrights obligations,\u201d attach to all parties _other_ than the domestic state\ngovernment. 36\n\nThis is partially because, as Professors Mark Gibney and Wouter Vandenhole\nhave noted, \u201cthe ability of [s]tates and other actors to impact human rights\nfar from home \u2014 both positively and negatively \u2014 has never been clearer.\u201d 37\nUnder such a theory, legal principles to address the roles and\nresponsibilities of states, corporations, and other international actors are\nneeded to create a globalized system of response to forced labor. 38 Even if\nvictims of forced labor are not within the territorial jurisdiction of a given\nstate, an international consensus suggests that it is the responsibility of\neach state to combat the practice. 39\n\nWhere there are rights, there should be remedies. It has been stated above\nthat the human rights of millions around the world are being violated, in\nhorrific and dehumanizing ways, in part due to pressure from the U.S. markets\nand consumer base. The vast majority of direct perpetrators of these human\nrights abuses (ship captains, foremen, brokers, smugglers, plantation owners,\nfactory bosses, manufacturing executives, and others) are far outside the\njurisdiction of U.S. courts. But items produced through forced labor make\ntheir ways into U.S. supply chains through U.S. persons, companies, and\nsubsidiaries. These entities \u2014 including giants like Nestl\u00e9 and Apple 40 \u2014\naid and abet the human rights abuses in their supply chains when they buy and\nimport materials produced using forced labor.\n\nThe following sections outline the powers of government and advocates to\naddress forced labor through the U.S. legal and administrative system,\nultimately arguing that the United States should leverage this system to\naddress the moral responsibilities that the United States rightly owes to\nthese individuals. Section B surveys the erstwhile promise of a private right\nof action for extraterritorial human rights abuses, and section C summarizes\nactions taken on a federal policy level.\n\n### B. The Private Right of Action: Hope, Challenges, Demise\n\n_1\\. The Promise and Peril of a Private Right. \u2014_ Those seeking to find\nrecourse for their injuries in the courts of the United States face some hope\nof action but ultimately, this Chapter argues, ever-decreasing potential for\njustice. In the United States, two statutes primarily apply to the victims of\nforced labor abroad: the ATS, which provides a civil cause of action for those\ninjured by tort by a non-U.S. person, and the TVPRA, which provides a cause of\naction for trafficking and forced labor. However, two developments in the\ndoctrine of U.S. law make application of U.S. human rights statutes to the\nsituations of victims of forced labor abroad challenging.\n\nFirst, U.S. law applies a wide presumption against extraterri\u00adtoriality. 41\nStatutes apply outside the territory of the United States only if Congress has\ngiven a \u201cclear, affirmative indication\u201d that it intends the statute to do so.\n42 The prevailing test for whether a statute applies extraterritorially was\nset out in _RJR Nabisco, Inc. v. European Community_ . 43 This two-step test\nfirst asks whether the statute has given \u201caffirmative indication that it\napplies extraterritorially.\u201d 44 If the first step is not met, the statute\nmay still apply to extraterritorial conduct if the conduct that is the \u201cfocus\u201d\nof the statute occurred within the United States. 45\n\nSecondly, the factual circumstances inherent in many situations of supply\nchain forced labor may make it difficult for a plaintiff to obtain a grant of\njurisdiction or establish nexus to a U.S. corporate defendant. Plaintiffs, who\nwere potentially the victims of trafficking and forced labor in a shadowy and\nnebulous supply chain stretching from the countries of their mistreatment to\nU.S. supermarket shelves, may struggle to substantiate a chain of knowledge or\njoint venture between their immediate abusers in the production of materials\nand the ultimate U.S. corporation bringing goods to market. 46 U.S.\ncorporate entities can, therefore, continue to offer consumers products that\nwere produced in industries rife with forced labor without risking civil\nliability in U.S. courts, absent a smoking gun of knowledge or support for\nforced labor practices. 47\n\nThe following sections chart the rise and (potential) demise of the two human\nrights statutes apposite to forced labor victims and forecast additional\nchallenges arising in cases winding their ways through federal courts.\n\n_2\\. The ATS. \u2014_ The ATS provides federal jurisdiction over \u201cany civil action\nby an alien for a tort only, committed in violation of the law of nations or a\ntreaty of the United States.\u201d 48 The ATS was enacted by the First Congress\nin 1789, but the modern era of ATS litigation began with the 1980 precedent-\nsetting Second Circuit decision _Filartiga v. Pena-Irala_ . 49 In\n_Filartiga_ , a case involving two Paraguayan nationals suing a former\nParaguayan official for the torture and killing of one of their family\nmembers, the court construed the ATS as allowing the claims of non-U.S.\nnationals against other nonnationals for offenses in violation of customary\ninternational law. 50 Following _Filartiga_ , dozens of ATS suits were filed\nin courts across the country challenging rights abuses around the world. 51\nThe Supreme Court\u2019s first interpretation of the ATS, in _Sosa v. Alvarez-\nMachain_ , 52 confirmed the _Filartiga_ approach. 53 Following _Sosa_ ,\ndespite an ever-increasing stream of cases using the ATS as the basis for\njurisdiction over extraterritorial harms, the Court narrowed its\ninterpretation of extraterritoriality writ large. 54 And the Court dealt the\nATS the first of several blows in _Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum Co._ , 55\nwhich read the presumption against extraterritoriality into the statute and\ndenied jurisdiction over the case because the claims did not sufficiently\n\u201ctouch and concern\u201d the United States. 56\n\nThe Supreme Court\u2019s 2021 decision in _Nestl\u00e9 USA, Inc. v. Doe_ 57 further\nlimited the scope of the ATS, particularly in cases concerning forced labor in\nU.S. supply chains. The _Nestl\u00e9_ plaintiffs were six citizens of Mali who\nalleged that, as children, they had been transported to C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire to work\nin horrific conditions on cocoa bean plantations. 58 The plaintiffs brought\nsuit against Nestl\u00e9 and Cargill under the ATS, alleging that the companies,\nwhich ultimately purchased cocoa beans made with plaintiffs\u2019 forced labor, had\naided and abetted human rights abuses. 59 Nearly all of the conduct in\nquestion (forced labor and child slavery) undisputedly occurred in C\u00f4te\nd\u2019Ivoire, and the Court ruled that the \u201cmere corporate presence\u201d of U.S.\ndefendants in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire did not warrant extraterritorial application of\nthe ATS. 60 _Nestl\u00e9_ was met with dismay by human rights activists, who\nworried that the Court\u2019s restrictive ruling could shut the door on future\nhuman rights litigation in U.S. courts. 61 The ATS had long been \u201cone of the\nmost important tools for pursuing justice for human rights victims in the\nUnited States,\u201d 62 but the Court\u2019s _Nestl\u00e9_ decision severely limited its\nscope, especially for future cases involving forced labor in extraterritorial\nsupply chains. 63 After _Nestl\u00e9_ , it is difficult to see how the\ncomplicated chains of causation and nexuses that often characterize supply\nchain forced labor could ever meet the jurisdictional bars the Court has read\ninto the ATS.\n\n_3\\. The TVPRA. \u2014_ The TVPRA 64 has been held up as a possible substitute\nfor the ATS post- _Nestl\u00e9_ on forced labor claims. 65 The TVPRA has seen\nlimited success thus far in federal litigation attempting to bring claims on\nbehalf of extraterritorial forced labor victims. In a small series of cases,\nvictims of industrial rights violations have been unable to tie their abuses\nto the conduct or knowledge of U.S. corporations or entities. And, with the\ncurrent Court\u2019s conservative influence on the doctrine of extraterritoriality,\ncurrent cases winding their way through the courts may result in the\nrepudiation of the TVPRA\u2019s extraterritorial effect.\n\nThe TVPRA creates a civil cause of action for the victims of certain\ntrafficking offenses. 66 Section 1595(a) provides that \u201c[a]n individual who\nis a victim of a violation of\u201d the predicate acts of peonage, slavery, and\ntrafficking in persons \u201cmay bring a civil action against the perpetrator\u201d in\nU.S. federal district court. 67 When the civil cause of action was first\ncreated, it did not explicitly authorize an extraterritorial scope to the law.\n68 In subsequent reauthorizations, Congress amended the TVPRA to create\nextraterritorial grounds for trafficking occurring abroad. 69 The 2008\nreauthorization created extraterritorial jurisdiction over \u201cany offense (or\nany attempt or conspiracy to commit an offense)\u201d named in several enumerated\nsections 70 of the TVPRA if the alleged offender is a U.S. national or\nlawful permanent resident, 71 or is present in the United States. 72\n\nTwo sets of problems plague bringing accountability for victims of\nextraterritorial forced labor under the TVPRA. First, several fundamental\nissues posed by global supply chains may make it difficult for plaintiffs to\nprove the actus reus and mens rea of \u00a7 1595(a) when tracing liability from the\nhuman rights abuses abroad to a U.S. corporation. In _Ratha v. Phatthana\nSeafood Co_ ., 73 the Ninth Circuit dismissed a case alleging that\nplaintiffs were victims of forced labor in the Thai fishing industry. 74 The\ncourt found that plaintiffs did not overcome the summary judgment burden\nbecause they failed to show that U.S. corporate defendants benefitted from a\n\u201cventure\u201d with the Thai fishing companies or that they knew or should have\nknown of the conditions of forced labor perpetrated therein. 75 This\nevidentiary difficulty has been replicated in other cases currently being\nlitigated. In _Coubaly v. Cargill, Inc._ , 76 another case concerning child\nslavery in the cocoa industry in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, the defendants prevailed on\ntheir motion to dismiss in the D.C. District Court in June 2022, after the\ncourt failed to find subject matter jurisdiction and requisite causation under\nthe TVPRA. 77\n\nSecond, challenges have recently been raised on the extraterritorial\napplication of the TVPRA\u2019s civil cause of action under \u00a7 1595(a). While\nprevious cases and circuits assumed ab initio or for the sake of argument that\nthe TVPRA applied extraterritorially, 78 high-profile cases before circuit\ncourts have begun to challenge those notions. One recent, notable case was\n_Doe I v. Apple Inc._ , 79 which alleged that major U.S. corporations\nincluding Apple, Alphabet, and Microsoft are liable for forced labor\nviolations under the TVPRA due to the treatment of treatment of workers in the\nDemocratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) who produced cobalt, which ultimately\nmade its way into lithium batteries. 80 In this case, the D.C. District\nCourt held both that the harms perpetrated in the DRC were not traceable to\nthe U.S. defendants 81 and also that the TVPRA did not have extraterritorial\neffect. 82 The argument over the TVPRA\u2019s extraterritoriality centers on the\nmeaning of \u00a7 1596 \u2014 which explicitly grants extraterritorial application to\nsections of the TVPRA except for \u00a7 1595 (which provides the civil cause of\naction). 83 The possibility of a grant of certiorari in _Doe I v. Apple_ ,\ncombined with the Court\u2019s entrenched conservative majority, may lead to\nfurther constraints on the power of existing human rights statutes like the\nTVPRA.\n\nUltimately, successive interpretations of human rights statutes by the Supreme\nCourt have narrowed the range of cases that can feasibly be brought in U.S.\ncourts against foreign traffickers or human rights abusers. While the path\nthrough U.S. courts is not completely foreclosed \u2014 especially for those whose\nrights abuses or trafficking occurred within or into the United States \u2014 the\nability for victims of labor abuses in supply chains to bring claims in the\nUnited States has all but disappeared in the post- _Kiobel_ rollback.\n\n### C. The Public Policy Levers\n\nWith the further narrowing of the ATS and limited success under the TVPRA,\nthis section discusses public action taken on the part of governmental actors\nagainst forced labor. For decades, leaders in U.S. politics have called\nattention to the problems of poor labor standards and human rights abuses\nabroad, and enforcement options have increased recently. The policy options\nopen to the U.S. government on a federal level are substantively different\nfrom the type of relief provided to individual plaintiffs in U.S. courts. The\nU.S. federal government acts not through individual indictments of corporate\nconduct but instead through an amorphous web of domestic statutes, agency\ndiscretion, and the foreign affairs powers of the executive. This section aims\nto demystify the levers available to the U.S. government.\n\nThe options presented below show the strength of the federal government in\nworking to prevent extraterritorial forms of forced labor \u2014 but serious\nquestions remain as to whether such avenues of enforcement are ultimately\nbetter suited than the courts to regulate the problem of worldwide rights\nabuses. While U.S. policies can alter the market forces driving forced labor\naround the globe, they are also beholden to the political and diplomatic\nagenda of the U.S. government. With power centralized in the discretion of the\nexecutive branch and removed completely from individual petitions through the\ncourts, individualized arguments may be superseded by the political realities\nof the United States\u2019s role on the global stage.\n\n_1\\. Federal Powers Toolkit. \u2014_ Congress has enacted a wide variety of\nstatutes that allow the United States to exercise its influence abroad on the\nissue of forced labor. These levers are instances of \u201ceconomic statecraft\u201d:\npolicies that seek to drive change in the behavior of another country by\ninfluencing, directly or indirectly, that country\u2019s economic well-being. 84\nWhereas the courts have frowned upon the extension of private claims against\ncorporations and bad actors, the same limitation does not constrain the\ncongressional and executive branches. Statutory provisions, enacted as far\nback as the 1930s, delegate power to the executive branch and its agencies to\nact extraterritorially against forced labor abuses. The power of U.S. agencies\nsuch as the DOL, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), the Department of\nCommerce, and the Department of the Treasury is stunning in its breadth and\ninfluence on global markets, and \u2014 purposefully or not \u2014 federal enforcement\nhas risen as avenues for private claims have dried up. The power of the\nExecutive stretches outside the territorial boundaries of the United States in\na way that the court system is hesitant to allow private citizens to\nchallenge. Through trade policy, import restrictions, sanctions regimes, and\nexport restrictions, the U.S. government (acting through the Executive and its\nagencies) can exert incredible amounts of damage and pressure on foreign\ngovernments or companies. By denying access to U.S. markets (or, conversely,\nby dangling the prospect of preferential access to those markets), shutting\noff assets and access to financial systems, and forbidding access to certain\ncrucial U.S.-produced goods, the Executive wields vast power over\nextraterritorial entities. This power, vested in the Executive by Congress,\nmakes up the legislation-based toolkit of the United States in the fight\nagainst extraterritorial forced labor.\n\n(a) U.S. Trade Policy. \u2014 The United States is the world\u2019s largest importer of\ngoods, with over $2.5 trillion worth of goods brought into the country in\n2019. 85 This power on the world stage means that the United States\u2019s trade\npolicy can disproportionately impact the behavior of exporters and companies\nacross the world. Under U.S. trade law, the Office of the U.S. Trade\nRepresentative (USTR) and executive branch are empowered to make certain trade\ndecisions based on human rights standards and the presence of forced labor.\n\nThe first mechanism for conditioning trade on standards of labor is the U.S.\nGeneralized System of Preferences 86 (GSP). The GSP was introduced in the\nTrade Act of 1974, 87 and it created a system through which the United\nStates can extend preferential trade treatment to certain developing\ncountries, in exchange for specified conditions. 88 According to the USTR\u2019s\nwebsite, the GSP intends to \u201cprovide opportunities for many of the world\u2019s\npoorest countries to use trade to grow their economies and climb out of\npoverty.\u201d 89 One of the provisions to determine whether a country can\nqualify for the GSP benefits is \u201ca prohibition on the use of any form of\nforced or compulsory labor.\u201d 90 The President determines which countries are\neligible for GSP dependent on the recommendation of the USTR, which itself is\ndependent on a government committee review, including public hearings and a\npublic comment period. 91\n\nOther region-specific statutory bases allow the United States to give trade\npreferences to certain countries contingent on labor standards. The Caribbean\nBasin Economic Recovery Act of 1983 92 conditioned trade with seventeen\nCaribbean nations partially on their compliance with international labor\nstandards. 93 The Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988 94\nlikewise allowed the Trade Representative to investigate reports of\ninternational labor standards violations and, if substantiated, authorize\ncountermeasures including trade restrictions. 95 And the African Growth and\nOpportunity Act of 2000 96 (AGOA) allowed duty-free access to U.S. markets\non certain products for sub-Saharan African countries that meet certain\nstandards, such as the \u201cprotection of internationally recognized worker\nrights, including . . . a prohibition on the use of any form of forced or\ncompulsory labor.\u201d 97\n\nEffectiveness of the GSP and regional trade preferences regimes is mixed. GSP\ncountries are subject to annual review, and the USTR conducts additional\neligibility review upon requests from civil society or government groups when\nconcern exists that countries are not meeting GSP eligibility criteria. 98\nLabor groups in the United States such as the AFL-CIO have filed petitions and\npublic comments to the USTR regarding designations of countries with poor\nlabor standards, in many cases urging the U.S. government to suspend GSP or\nAGOA benefits. 99 In some cases, as with Eswatini in 2015 and Mauritania and\nThailand in 2019, the United States has partially or fully suspended benefits\nunder the AGOA or GSP. 100 But in others, the AFL-CIO has filed comments and\nattended hearings alleging gross violations of international labor norms in\ncountries that retain preferential U.S. trade benefits theoretically\ncontingent on abiding by such labor standards. 101\n\nCrucially, however, the GSP is currently not active. 102 The bill\nauthorizing the GSP program lapsed in the end of calendar year 2020, 103 and\nthough talk of reauthorization has been constant in Congress, the GSP has not\nyet been reactivated. 104 The GSP had previously lapsed on multiple\noccasions when authorizations fell behind the expiry date, and past\nreauthorizations extended the coverage of the program retroactively to the\ndate of its lapse. 105 In 2022, both the House and Senate passed bills that\nincluded the renewal of the GSP, but the trade provisions from the two bills\nwere never reconciled into a piece of passed legislation. 106 As recently as\nSeptember 2022, however, lawmakers introduced legislation that would\nreauthorize the GSP retroactively to its date of expiration in December 2020.\n107 Accordingly, as of writing, the GSP is not an active tool being used to\nfight against labor abuses abroad.\n\n(b) The Tariff Act. \u2014 U.S. trade statutes forbid the import of goods produced\nwith forced labor through the Tariff Act of 1930. 108 Section 307 of the Act\nprohibits the import of goods into the United States that have been\nmanufactured, in whole or in part, by forced labor. 109 DHS\u2019s Customs and\nBorder Protection (CBP) is empowered to commence investigations into goods\nthat are suspected to have been produced with forced labor. 110 In cases\nwhere such forced labor has been determined, federal authorities are permitted\nto seize goods, and importing entities can face criminal investigation. 111\nThe effectiveness of section 307 grew in 2015, when Congress removed a\nloophole that allowed importers to skirt the Tariff Act\u2019s requirements if\ntheir products fulfilled a \u201cconsumptive demand\u201d in the United States. 112\n\nThe first step that CBP may take to enforce section 307 of the Tariff Act is\nthe issuance of a Withhold Release Order (WRO). WROs are indications that\n\u201cinformation _reasonably but not conclusively_ indicates that merchandise\n[produced with forced labor] is being, or likely to be, imported into the\nUnited States.\u201d 113 An active WRO allows CBP officials to temporarily detain\nshipments of merchandise at U.S. ports of entry and request that an importer\nprovide \u201csufficient evidence that the merchandise was not produced with forced\nlabor.\u201d 114 Currently, there are fifty-six active WROs in place. 115\n\nIf the CBP finds that conclusive evidence of forced labor _does_ exist, it can\nissue a Finding of Forced Labor. A Finding goes beyond a WRO in that it does\nnot simply authorize goods to be withheld at U.S. ports of entry pending\nevidence that the goods were produced with forced labor. 116 Rather, it\nassumes that the goods from a particular company or region _were_ produced by\nforced labor and authorizes U.S. port authorities to seize the goods. 117 In\nlate 2020, CBP issued its first Finding of Forced Labor in a supply chain in\ntwenty-four years. 118 The Finding implicated stevia products produced by a\nChinese company (Inner Mongolia Hengzheng Group Baoanzhao Agriculture,\nIndustry, and Trade Co., Ltd.). 119\n\nHowever, section 307 of the Tariff Act has been applied inconsistently:\nprovisions within the Act that create exceptions for goods where domestic\nproduction is insufficient to meet domestic demand have stymied efforts to\ncrack down on forced labor in some industries. 120 WROs, while effective,\ncan be evaded by importers, and discretion to initiate investigations into\npotential abusers rests with politically appointed agency heads, which may\nleave the WRO process vulnerable to manipulation for political aims.\n\n(c) Targeted Federal Legislation. \u2014 While long-existing legislation like the\nTariff Act gives U.S. agencies broad powers to investigate forced labor abroad\nand seize or detain goods, some circumstances may call for more action than\nexisting legislation provides for. In such cases, Congress may act to\ndetermine that the labor situation in a particular country or region is so\negregious and verifiable that ad hoc legislation is necessary to combat the\nimport of goods from that region into the United States.\n\nActions taken against Myanmar\u2019s ruling junta are an example of such extra\nlegislative steps. Concerns grew in Myanmar in the 1990s that the ruling\nmilitary junta was using forced labor and conscription of the population,\nparticularly in the construction of public works. 121 In the early 2000s,\nthe United States legislature targeted the ruling military junta in Myanmar\nwith several sets of sanctions: these included the 2003 Burmese Freedom and\nDemocracy Act 122 (imposing asset freezes and certain export bans) and the\nBurmese JADE Act 123 (banning import of certain gemstones). 124 Through\nthese measures, the United States put additional penalties on the Burmese\nstate above and beyond what was provided for in human rights and national\nsecurity legislation. The sectors targeted by the laws were those that were\ndetermined to hit at the funding and maintenance of the military power.\n\nThe most recent, and most expansive to date, use of congressional powers to\naddress forced labor is the UFLPA. The UFLPA delegates to agencies, namely the\nDOL and CBP, the power to block imports from Xinjiang, China, on the\nassumption that products manufactured wholly or in part in Xinjiang were\ncreated with forced labor of the Uyghur population. 125 It \u201cestablishes a\nrebuttable presumption that the importation of any goods, wares, articles, and\nmerchandise mined, produced, or manufactured wholly or in part in [Xinjiang],\nor produced by certain entities, is prohibited by Section 307 . . . [and such\ngoods] are not entitled to entry to the United States.\u201d 126 Such goods are\nallowed entry into the United States only if CBP \u201cdetermines that the importer\nof record has complied with specified conditions and, by clear and convincing\nevidence, that the goods, wares, articles, or merchandise were not produced\nusing forced labor.\u201d 127\n\nThe UFLPA represents a significant step beyond the provisions of the Tariff\nAct on their own because it does not require a case-by-case finding of forced\nlabor in the products produced by a specific company operating within\nXinjiang. 128 While previous action against forced labor in China had\nentailed WROs and Findings against individual Chinese entities working in\nXinjiang, 129 the UFLPA acts as a sort of blanket WRO for the entire region,\nimposing a presumption against the products ab initio. Such a move has drastic\nconsequences for businesses and foreign governments whose goods may be\nprevented from entering the United States without costly disclosures and\ninternal investigations. While the drastic steps taken in the UFLPA are not\nsuitable for _all_ instances of forced labor hotspots, the commitment shown by\nthe United States in enacting the legislation can act as a model for forced\nlabor prevention efforts in other countries, as well as deterrence in cases\nwhere the threat of targeted legislation in the United States may motivate a\ncountry to change its domestic practices.\n\n(d) Sanctions Authority. \u2014 The President\u2019s power to enact sanctions comes from\nacts designed to protect the national security of the United States, 130\nchief among them the International Emergency Economic Powers Act 131\n(IEEPA). While IEEPA was originally enacted to constrain the President\u2019s\nnonwartime powers, successive interpretation has given the Executive \u201csweeping\ntools of economic warfare.\u201d 132 Under IEEPA, the President may take economic\nactions in response to an \u201cunusual and extraordinary threat\u201d to the foreign\npolicy, economy, or national security of the United States. 133 Powers under\nIEEPA are broad: the President can take a wide range of economic actions from\nseizing foreign property under U.S. jurisdiction to imposing trade embargos,\nimport restrictions, and asset freezes. 134\n\nTo date, Presidents have declared national emergencies under IEEPA in seventy-\nsix cases, with the designations often pertaining to situations in specific\ncountries. 135 These include responses to situations in Bosnia and\nHerzegovina, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Cuba, Haiti, Iran, Iraq, Liberia, Libya, Myanmar,\nNicaragua, Panama, Serbia, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Zimbabwe, and\nmore. 136 While many of the IEEPA designations have been in response to\nterrorism or conflict, more recent designations have focused on threats to\nelections, criminal networks, drug smuggling, and, relevant for the purposes\nof this Chapter, human rights abuses. 137\n\nIEEPA\u2019s use has been sweeping. One of the first declarations came in 1985 in\nresponse to the apartheid regime in South Africa 138 and was followed by\ninvocations in Sudan, 139 Sierra Leone, 140 Myanmar, 141 and North\nKorea. 142 The regime of Global Magnitsky sanctions, 143 in part\nimplementing IEEPA, targets human rights abuse perpetrators around the globe\nand has also been used to target perpetrators of forced labor. 144\n\nThe sanctions authority of the President is useful in combatting grave forms\nof forced labor or human rights abuses that can credibly rise to the level of\na national emergency or threat to U.S. foreign policy. The United States has\nused this authority several times in the past few decades, and sanctions\ndesignations of individuals or of certain industries could be an important\ntool to return to in the fight against forced labor abroad.\n\n(e) Export Administration Regulation. \u2014 The Department of Commerce\u2019s Bureau of\nIndustry and Security (BIS) is the government office responsible for\nimplementation of the Export Administration Regulations 145 (EAR). BIS\nmaintains an Entity List, which contains names of companies and foreign\nentities that are not allowed to be the recipient of U.S. exports. Such a\nrestriction has potentially huge impacts, as the United States is a leading\n(or, in some cases, the sole) global producer of important dual-use goods and\ntechnology. 146 Inclusion on the Entity List extends to activities\n\u201csanctioned by the State Department and activities contrary to U.S. national\nsecurity and/or foreign policy interests.\u201d 147\n\nIn July 2020, the Department of Commerce added eleven companies to the Entity\nList that were implicated in China\u2019s campaigns of human rights violations and\nforced labor in Xinjiang. 148 So far, the Xinjiang designations have been\nthe sole time that entities have been invoked under the EAR in response to\nforced labor violations. 149 However, this move may open the door for future\ndesignations based not only on strict definitions of national security but\nalso on more expansive interpretations of the United States\u2019s vested interest\nin human rights and labor freedoms around the world.\n\n_2\\. Other Measures. \u2014_ Other than the authority vested by Congress and\ncarried out through the agencies, the federal government also has separate\navenues to take action on forced labor. These include diplomatic pressure\nthrough the Executive\u2019s foreign affairs powers, research and business-\ncompliance initiatives under the powers of the DOL, and cross-agency task\nforce initiatives to streamline and heighten compliance and cross-\nfunctionality.\n\n(a) Diplomatic Channels. \u2014 Beyond the powers vested in the Executive through\nCongress, the President possesses their own foreign affairs powers. The\nExecutive, qua executive, holds diplomatic and military authority. These\nauthorities can be used alongside other statutory means to influence the\nbehavior of foreign governments. Executive policies can include restricting\nforeign aid, putting controls on imports or exports, stopping access to U.S.\nor international financial systems, or even affecting other types of bilateral\nrelations such as landing rights. 150 The Executive holds greatest control\nover bilateral relations such as diplomatic and military aid, landing\nrestrictions, and U.S. exports. 151\n\n(b) The Department of Labor. \u2014 The DOL\u2019s Bureau of International Labor Affairs\n(ILAB) functions as the government\u2019s hub for research on forced labor\nworldwide and is the \u201clargest government agency in the world dedicated to\nimproving global working conditions and countering labor abuses.\u201d 152 This\nwork has included the production of more than forty congressionally mandated\nreports on forced labor and human trafficking worldwide, and nearly two\nhundred publications. 153\n\nILAB also produces a biennial report entitled the List of Goods Produced by\nChild Labor or Forced Labor. 154 These reports provide \u201cactionable\ninformation\u201d to other government agencies with authority over procurement or\nimport and can serve to \u201chelp foreign governments build their capacity to end\nlabor exploitation in their countries.\u201d 155\n\nDOL also leads initiatives geared at business compliance and technical\ninnovation. Its Comply Chain program released an app that is targeted at\nindustry groups and companies \u201cseeking to develop robust social compliance\nsystems\u201d for global supply chains. 156 ILAB also partners with the private\nsector, governments, worker organizations, and civil society to lead training\nand technical assistance programs abroad and, as of 2021, was funding fifty\nprojects in nearly as many countries. 157\n\n(c) Interagency Developments. \u2014 The Biden Administration has commenced new\ninitiatives to streamline and consolidate the existing agencies and units that\nwork against forced labor. These initiatives include an effort to consolidate\nthe interagency process for reporting implemented by the TVPRA under the\nbanner of _The National Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking_ . 158\nEfforts also include a DHS-led interagency Forced Labor Enforcement Task\nForce, which aims to consolidate and formalize processes for agencies\nincluding the State Department, DOL, and Department of Commerce to aid DHS\u2019s\nantitrafficking measures. 159 An additional step is the creation within USTR\nof the office\u2019s first-ever \u201cfocused trade strategy to combat forced labor.\u201d\n160\n\n_3\\. Critiques and Challenges. \u2014_ The U.S. system has, at least theoretically,\ntwo overlapping lenses for enforcing prohibitions on trafficking and forced\nlabor abroad: private claims through the civil court system against\ncorporations or individuals, and public policies that target the companies,\nentities, and countries that participate in or foster conditions of forced\nlabor.\n\nHowever, policies spearheaded by the federal government, and especially those\nfalling under the discretion of the executive branch, are subject to several\nimportant limitations. The power of the executive branch \u2014 which applies its\ndiscretion through agency enforcement \u2014 is captured by the greater overarching\npolitical goals of the state. The discretionary actions of any individual\nagency \u2014 DHS in issuing WROs, Commerce in wielding EAR power, State in trading\nharsh words and enacting diplomatic pressure \u2014 are directly tied back to the\npolicy aims of the Executive. The sitting President must, therefore, be\nconfident answering for the extent of their forced labor policy to every\ncorporation and foreign government affected by U.S. enforcement.\n\nThere is perhaps no clearer depiction of this dynamic than the ways in which\nrecent enforcement has been focused around the Uyghurs. The situation of human\nrights abuses in Xinjiang is horrific, likely rising to the level of crimes\nagainst humanity or genocide, 161 and should be condemned by the greatest\nnumber of international actors possible. However, the restrictions on Xinjiang\ncome as successive U.S. administrations accelerate their overall trade and\ngeopolitical rivalries with China. 162 Moreover, the sectors in Xinjiang\nthat regularly export to the United States are far from vital to the U.S.\neconomy: in 2020, some key products for import were reportedly wind turbines,\nsome chemicals, and holiday decorations. 163\n\nSuch politically driven enforcement is, one could argue, not a bad thing.\nAfter all, _some_ enforcement is better than none. The rights violations\nperpetrated against the Uyghurs undoubtedly rise to the substantive level to\nbe worthy of strong federal action. So, one might ask, why make the perfect\nthe enemy of the good? One answer is that the good in this scenario is\ninadequate. When federal action to combat rights abuses remains, or appears to\nbe, subservient to political tensions, it cheapens the value of the\nenforcement that _does_ occur, opens the United States up to criticisms of\nempty actions, and gives bad actors a playbook for avoiding enforcement by\ncozying up politically to the United States.\n\nAccordingly, federal policy \u2014 necessarily beholden to outside interests \u2014 must\nbe supplemented by other, more independent mechanisms. Specific statutes under\nCongress\u2019s enacting power may be able to fill this gap. Congress could pass\nlaws similar to the Burmese JADE Act that target labor abuses in the Thai\nfishing industry, West African cocoa plantations, or even the Gulf States\u2019\ndomestic abuses of migrant workers. However, Congress has been hesitant to act\nin recent years, preferring to take its direction from the executive branch.\nAnd, with the threat of near-total closing of extraterritorial forced labor\nclaims in U.S. courts, there is no longer the risk that _any_ corporate actor,\nmuch less ones friendly to the United States or beholden to its interests,\nwill be forced to pay up and admit its role in labor abuses.\n\nA federal system bolstered by the seat of world capital markets and the\nlargest economy is one that wields enormous power. The United States, if it\nworks with its allies to drive forceful policies that apply to rights-abusing\nstates and corporations irrespective of politics, could take steps to\nfundamentally shift the problem of forced labor around the world. But such\nsteps, implemented at a federal level, would require policy calculations that\nelevate the prevention of human rights abuses for non-U.S. citizens above the\neconomic and political interests of the United States in its relationships\nwith other states.\n\nIt is no wonder why the United States would not seek to make many of its\nclosest political and economic relationships dependent on the dictates of\nhuman rights demands. But such is the reason for a multipronged government and\napproach. Allowing the United States to drive policy to the extent that it is\ncomfortable, while simultaneously fostering an independent and robust\naccountability mechanism for corporate human rights abuses in the court\nsystem, is the only way to guarantee consistent action against this moral\nfault and prevent the abrogation of our moral duties. Otherwise, the entire\nsystem rests on unstable footing.\n\n## Conclusion\n\nThe foregoing sections have laid out U.S. action against forced labor. The\nbalance of power and options within the U.S. system is changing: as the courts\nmove to read against extraterritoriality in human rights statutes, the federal\nlevers of foreign policy and economic sanctions gain greater use. One\nquestion, however, remains unanswered: what do these shifting policies mean\nfor a victim of forced labor outside the United States?\n\nThis Chapter proffers several views: Firstly, the decline of private\nextraterritorial claims in U.S. courts deprives plaintiffs and victims of\nopportunities to have their voices heard and their claims litigated in our\nadversarial court system. That system has its drawbacks: Cases can stay in the\ncourt system for close to a decade at a time and come at an exorbitant cost.\nVictims and the NGOs that represent them rely on pro bono practices of large\nestablished law firms to shepherd the cases through the court system. And such\na system gives the option to be plaintiffs only to an infinitesimal segment of\nthe population of victims of forced labor.\n\nBut the court system also has important advantages that will be lost in an\necosystem driven only by U.S. foreign policy on a federal level. Court\ndecisions impose binding precedents. The potential for binding precedents in\nU.S. courts that impose liability on corporations as a result of their\nbusiness practices, business partners, or subsidiaries abroad could drive\nserious change in the way U.S. corporations operate. Court judgments also\nprovide for damages (not envisioned under the federal policy levers) and give\nmoral heft to the positions of victim plaintiffs.\n\nAs action shifts to the federal level, the possibility arises to paint with a\nmuch broader brush. The United States occupies enormous space and wields\nenormous power on the world stage: U.S. action can cripple the profits of a\ncompany accused of forced labor practices or suspend entire entities\u2019 access\nto markets and banking systems. If offenders throughout the world were put on\nnotice that the United States was willing to take serious action akin to the\nUFLPA by targeting other products and supply chains, they may well reassess\ntheir labor and market practices.\n\nBut, as noted above, the U.S. federal system is also beholden to political\ninterests. The United States may be more likely to go after its enemy states\nthan its allies (no matter the presence of rights abuses). Federal policy is\nalso not precedent setting; changes in administration politics and personnel\ncould wipe out gains in combatting forced labor in one fell swoop.\n\nWhat the world system needs is strong action from the United States that is\napplied consistently, apolitically, and forcefully. The best approach would be\none that allows all three branches of the government to pronounce that forced\nlabor in the U.S. supply chain is a human rights abuse that directly ties to\nthe U.S. economy and should not be tolerated. Absent that reality, market\nforces will continue to drive deplorable and inhumane conditions for workers\nin some of the most destitute corners of the world.\n\nFootnotes Hide show\n\n 1. ^ _E.g._ , Emily Mae Czachor, _EU Condemns Qatar over Alleged Human Rights Abuses Ahead of World Cup_ , CBS News (Nov. 24, 2022, 2:41 PM), https://www.cbsnews.com/news/eu-condemns-qatar-alleged-human-rights-abuses-2022-world-cup [https://perma.cc/5439-3S6N]; Becky Sullivan, _Why Qatar Is a Controversial Host for the World Cup_ , NPR (Nov. 18, 2022, 10:21 AM), https://www.npr.org/2022/11/18/1137204271/qatar-world-cup-controversies [https://perma.cc/U3K6-N3UE]. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 2. ^ _See generally, e.g._ , Martina E. Vandenberg , Hum. Trafficking Pro Bono Legal Ctr. & The Freedom Fund , Ending Impunity, Securing Justice: Using Strategic Litigation to Combat Modern-Day Slavery and Human Trafficking (2015). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 3. ^ 28 U.S.C. \u00a7 1350. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 4. ^ Pub. L. No. 108-193, 117 Stat. 2875 (codified in scattered sections of 8, 18, and 22 U.S.C.). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 5. ^ Kate Hodal et al., _Revealed: Asian Slave Labour Producing Prawns for Supermarkets in US, UK_ , The Guardian (June 10, 2014, 7:05 AM) [ https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2014/jun/10/supermarket-prawns-thailand-produced-slave-labour ](https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2014/jun/10/supermarket-prawns-thailand-produced-slave-labour) [https://perma.cc/H3QA-EJWY]. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 6. ^ U.S. Dep\u2019t of Lab. , 2022 List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor 3 (2022). This number has grown by several million within the past half decade. _Compare_ _id._ , _with_ Walk Free Found. , The Global Slavery Index 2018, at ii (2018). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 7. ^ _See_ Walk Free Found. , _supra_ note 6, at iv. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 8. ^ Convention Concerning Forced or Compulsory Labour art. 2(1), _adopted_ June 28, 1930, 39 U.N.T.S. 55 (entered into force May 1, 1932). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 9. ^ Holly Cullen , The Role of International Law in the Elimination of Child Labor 23 (2007). Some definitions of forced labor may even involve labor relations near-universally accepted, such as military conscription of adults. _See id._\n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 10. ^ _See_ Walk Free Found. , _supra_ note 6, at iv. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 11. ^ _Id._\n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 12. ^ _Id._\n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 13. ^ Peter Whoriskey & Rachel Siegel, _Cocoa\u2019s Child Laborers_ , Wash. Post (June 5, 2019), https://wapo.st/cocoa-child-laborers [https://perma.cc/C9PC-6UBP]. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 14. ^ _See_ _id._\n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 15. ^ _See_ _id._\n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 16. ^ _See_ _id._\n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 17. ^ _See_ Off. of the U.N. High Comm\u2019r for Hum. Rts., _OHCHR Assessment of Human Rights Concerns in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, People\u2019s Republic of China_ , \u00b6\u00b6 120\u2013121 (Aug. 31, 2022); Hum. Rts. Watch , \u201cBreak Their Lineage, Break Their Roots\u201d: China\u2019s Crimes Against Humanity Targeting Uyghurs and Other Turkic Muslims 10, 13, 34\u201335 (2021); _Against Their Will: The Situation in Xinjiang_ , U.S. Dep\u2019t Lab., https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/against-their-will-the-situation-in-xinjiang [https://perma.cc/WU8T-DSBY]. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 18. ^ Off. of the U.N. High Comm\u2019r for Hum. Rts., _supra_ note 17, \u00b6 121. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 19. ^ _Against Their Will: The Situation in Xinjiang_ , _supra_ note 17. DOL links the following goods produced in China to forced labor: gloves, hair products, polysilicon, textiles, thread, yarn, tomato products, and fish. _Id._\n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 20. ^ Hum. Rts. Watch , _supra_ note 17, at 35; _see also_ Off. of the U.N. High Comm\u2019r for Hum. Rts., _supra_ note 17, \u00b6 121. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 21. ^ Act of Dec. 23, 2021, Pub. L. No. 117-78, 135 Stat. 1525 (codified in scattered sections of 19 and 22 U.S.C.). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 22. ^ Alexandra Stevenson & Sapna Maheshwari, _\u201cEscalation of Secrecy\u201d: Global Brands Seek Clarity on Xinjiang_ , N.Y. Times (May 29, 2022), https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/27/business/cotton-xinjiang-forced-labor-retailers.html [https://perma.cc/4LT3-PLA6]. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 23. ^ _See_ Walk Free Found ., _supra_ note 6, at 103. Several news agencies and human rights organizations have undertaken investigations of the Thai fishing industry. _See, e.g._ , Hum. Rts. Watch , Hidden Chains: Rights Abuses and Forced Labor in Thailand\u2019s Fishing Industry 1 (2018), __ https://www.hrw.org/report/2018/01/23/hidden-chains/rights-abuses-and-forced-labor-thailands-fishing-industry [https://perma.cc/D8ZD-V29N]; Kate Hodal & Chris Kelly, _Trafficked into Slavery on Thai Trawlers to Catch Food for Prawns_ , The Guardian (Oct. 19, 2022, 12:25 PM), https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2014/jun/10/-sp-migrant-workers-new-life-enslaved-thai-fishing [https://perma.cc/4658-MZZK]; Ian Urbina, _\u201cSea Slaves\u201d: The Human Misery that Feeds Pets and Livestock_ , N.Y. Times (July 27, 2015), https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/27/world/outlaw-ocean-thailand-fishing-sea-slaves-pets.html [https://perma.cc/5ZZC-FFNN]. These and other reports \u201csparked an international outcry.\u201d Vandenberg , _supra_ note 2, at 2. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 24. ^ _See_ Hum. Rts. Watch , _supra_ note 23, at 1, 15\u201316. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 25. ^ Hodal et al., _supra_ note 5. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 26. ^ _See_ Hum. Rts. Watch , _supra_ note 23, at 17\u201318, 30\u201331. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 27. ^ _Id._ at 78\u201379. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 28. ^ _See_ _supra_ note 23. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 29. ^ _See_ Hodal et al., _supra_ note 5; Urbina, _supra_ note 23 (\u201cThe United States is the biggest customer of Thai fish, and pet food is among the fastest growing exports from Thailand . . . .\u201d). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 30. ^ _See_ Hodal et al., _supra_ note 5. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 31. ^ _See_ Walk Free Found. , _supra_ note 6, at 104. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 32. ^ _See_ Whoriskey & Siegel, _supra_ note 13; Stevenson & Maheshwari, _supra_ note 22; Hodal & Kelly, _supra_ note 23. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 33. ^ _See, for example,_ the work of Corporate Accountability Lab, a Chicago-based advocacy group fighting for the recognition of the United States\u2019s role as a demand-generator for forced labor. _Combating Forced Labor_ , Corp. Accountability Lab , https://corpaccountabilitylab.org/combating-forced-labor [https://perma.cc/3L2M-CC7M]. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 34. ^ Indeed, this Chapter assumes that a suggestion that any U.S. actor or consumer should have a _legally cognizable_ duty to the laborer who creates products far across the world would not find wide acceptance within the United States. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 35. ^ Wouter Vandenhole & Mark Gibney, _Introduction: Transnational Human Rights Obligations_ , _in_ Litigating Transnational Human Rights Obligations 1, 3\u20134 (Mark Gibney & Wouter Vandenhole eds., 2014). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 36. ^ _Id._ at 4. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 37. ^ _Id._ at 1. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 38. ^ _See_ _id._ at 1, 5 (detailing different principles). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 39. ^ _See id._ at 4\u20135. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 40. ^ _See_ Whoriskey & Siegel, _supra_ note 13; Jacob Zinkula, _23 Major Brands Suspected of Illegally Sourcing Products Made by Forced Labor in China_ , Bus. Insider (Dec. 17, 2022, 7:15 AM), https://www.businessinsider.com/companies-brands-china-supply-chains-illegal-forced-labor-2022-12 [https://perma.cc/Z559-WWZS]. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 41. ^ Microsoft Corp. v. AT&T Corp., 550 U.S. 437, 454 (2007) (stating that a presumption exists that U.S. law \u201cgoverns domestically but does not rule the world\u201d); RJR Nabisco, Inc. v. Eur. Cmty., 579 U.S. 325, 335 (2016) (\u201cAbsent clearly expressed congressional intent to the contrary, federal laws [are] construed to have only domestic application.\u201d (citing Morrison v. Nat\u2019l Austl. Bank Ltd., 561 U.S. 247, 255 (2010))). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 42. ^ _RJR Nabisco_ , 579 U.S. at 339. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 43. ^ 579 U.S. 325. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 44. ^ _Id._ at 337. This indication may be implied by statutory context. _Id._ at 340 (\u201c[A]n express statement of extraterritoriality is not essential.\u201d); _see also_ _Morrison_ , 561 U.S. at 265 (stating that the given statute need not expressly contain a provision reading \u201cthis law applies abroad\u201d). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 45. ^ _RJR_ _Nabisco_ , 579 U.S. at 337. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 46. ^ Lindsey Roberson & Johanna Lee, _The Road to Recovery After_ Nestl\u00e9 _: Exploring the TVPA as a Promising Tool for Corporate Accountability_ , 6 Colum. Hum. Rts. L. Rev. Online 1, 3\u20134 (2021). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 47. ^ _See_ _id._ at 3 (\u201c[T]he opacity of the global supply chain structure has created a shield of liability for [multinational corporations] that profit from forced labor.\u201d). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 48. ^ 28 U.S.C. \u00a7 1350. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 49. ^ 630 F.2d 876 (2d Cir. 1980). _See_ Tyler R. Giannini, _Living with History: Will the Alien Tort Statute Become a Badge of Shame or Badge of Honor?_ , 132 Yale L.J.F. 814, 815, 817 (2022). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 50. ^ _Filartiga_ , 630 F.2d at 878; Curtis A. Bradley, _The Alien Tort Statute and Article III_ , 42 Va. J. Int\u2019l L. 587, 588\u201389 (2002). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 51. ^ _See_ Stephen P. Mulligan , Cong. Rsch. Serv. , R44947, The Alien Tort Statute: A Primer 7 & n.61 (2022). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 52. ^ 542 U.S. 692 (2004). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 53. ^ _See_ Anthony J. Colangelo, _The Alien Tort Statute and the Law of Nations in_ Kiobel _and Beyond_ , 44 Geo. J. Int\u2019l L. 1329, 1335\u201336 (2013). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 54. ^ In 2010, the Court decided _Morrison v. National Australia Bank Ltd._ , 561 U.S. 247 (2010), which applied the presumption against extraterritoriality more extensively. _See_ _id._ at 255. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 55. ^ 569 U.S. 108 (2013). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 56. ^ _Id._ at 124\u201325. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 57. ^ 141 S. Ct. 1931 (2021). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 58. ^ _Id._ at 1935; Appellants\u2019 Opening Brief at 5\u20136, _Doe 1 v. Nestle USA, Inc._ , __ 766 F.3d 1013 (9th Cir. 2014) (No. 10-56739). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 59. ^ _Nestl\u00e9_ , 141 S. Ct. at 1935. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 60. ^ _Id._ at 1937 (quoting _Kiobel_ , 569 U.S. at 133). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 61. ^ _E.g._ , Giannini, _supra_ note 49, at 836 (\u201c[T]here are good reasons to be pessimistic about future human rights cases that might come before the current Court.\u201d); Charles Szymanski, Essay, _The Window Closes:_ Nestle, Inc. v. Doe _and the Lost Promise of the U.S. Alien Tort Statute as a Means of Enforcing International Labor Law_ , Diritti Lavori Mercati Int\u2019l, no. 1, 2022, at 29, 32 (stating that _Nestl\u00e9_ \u201call but foreclosed the use of the ATS\u201d to combat labor abuses); David J. Scheffer, _The Supreme Court Denied a Child Labor Claim Against U.S. Firms: What to Know_ , Council on Foreign Rels. (June 25, 2021, 9:42 AM), https://www.cfr.org/article/supreme-court-denied-child-labor-claim-against-us-firms-what-know [https://perma.cc/DP2J-GXCV]. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 62. ^ Oona A. Hathaway, Nestl\u00e9 USA, Inc. v. Doe _and_ Cargill, Inc. v. Doe _: The Twists and Turns of the Alien Tort Statute_ , 2020\u20132021 Am. Const. Soc\u2019y Sup. Ct. Rev. 163, 163 (2021). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 63. ^ _See_ Elizabeth Pollman, _The Supreme Court, 2020 Term \u2014 Comment: The Supreme Court and the Pro-business Paradox_ , 135 Harv. L. Rev. 220, 224 (2021). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 64. ^ The TVPRA is a reauthorization of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000, Pub. L. No. 106-386, 114 Stat. 1464, which did not include a private right of action. _See id._ The TVPRA has been itself reauthorized several times, most recently in January 2023. _See, e.g._ , __ Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2005, Pub. L. No. 109-164, 119 Stat. 3558 (\u201c2005 TVPRA\u201d); William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2008, Pub. L. No. 110-457, 122 Stat. 5044 (\u201c2008 TVPRA\u201d); Abolish Trafficking Reauthorization Act of 2022, Pub. L. No. 117-347, 136 Stat. 6199. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 65. ^ This contention was even raised at the _Nestl\u00e9_ oral arguments, when plaintiffs\u2019 counsel Paul Hoffman stated: \u201c[I]t is certainly true that the TVPRA is broader than the ATS claims that we are making in this case and that it . . . seems very likely that any case from 2008 on would use . . . the Trafficking Victim[s] Protection Act rather than the ATS in making these kinds of claims.\u201d Transcript of Oral Argument at 55, _Nestl\u00e9_ (No. 19-416) https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-416_6k47.pdf [https://perma.cc/25C6-NS4K]. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 66. ^ 18 U.S.C. \u00a7 1595; _see also_ Terry Coonan, _The Trafficking Victims Protection Act: A Work in Progress_ , 1 Intercultural Hum. Rts. L. Rev. 99 , 109\u201310 (2006). The TVPRA exists to \u201cfill [a] gap[]\u201d in the antitrafficking and anti\u2013forced labor enforcement landscape \u2014 allowing victims to reap restitution and compensation from forced labor offenders in cases where other criminal actions are unfeasible. _See_ Alexandra F. Levy , Hum. Trafficking Legal Ctr. , Federal Human Trafficking Civil Litigation: 15 Years of the Private Right of Action 7 (2018). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 67. ^ 18 U.S.C. \u00a7 1595(a). Section 1589 defines forced labor as \u201cknowingly provid[ing] or obtain[ing] the labor or services of a person,\u201d _id._ \u00a7 1589(a), by certain coercive measures or \u201cknowingly benefit[ting] . . . from participation in a venture which has engaged in the providing or obtaining of labor or services by [coercive means], knowing or in reckless disregard of the fact,\u201d _id._ \u00a7 1589(b). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 68. ^ _See_ Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2003, Pub. L. No. 108-193, \u00a7 4(a)(4)(A), 117 Stat. 2875, 2878. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 69. ^ In 2006, Congress reauthorized the TVPRA to extend liability over the conduct of federal employees acting outside of the United States, _see_ Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2005 \u00a7 103(a)(1), 18 U.S.C. \u00a7\u00a7 3271\u20133272, and in 2008, Congress extended the statute even further, _see_ Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2008 \u00a7 223(a), 18 U.S.C. \u00a7 1596. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 70. ^ 18 U.S.C. \u00a7 1596(a). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 71. ^ _Id._ \u00a7 1596(a)(1). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 72. ^ _Id._ \u00a7 1596(a)(2). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 73. ^ 35 F.4th 1159 (9th Cir. 2022). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 74. ^ _Id._ at 1164\u201365. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 75. ^ _Id._ at 1175. Two additional cases dealt with allegations that Nepalese workers were trafficked from Nepal to Iraq and subjected to conditions of forced labor working for a U.S. government subcontractor on a U.S. military base. Those two cases were both dismissed, with Judge Ellison finding that the amendment of \u00a7 1595 to provide for extraterritorial application did not apply retroactively to conduct that occurred before its enactment. Adhikari v. Daoud & Partners, __ 95 F. Supp. 3d 1013, 1021 (S.D. Tex. 2015); Adhikari v. KBR, No. 16-CV-2478, 2017 WL 4237923, at *5 (S.D. Tex. Sept. 25, 2017). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 76. ^ No. 21-cv-386, 2022 WL 2315509 (D.D.C. June 28, 2022). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 77. ^ _Id._ at *8. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 78. ^ _See, e.g.,_ _Ratha_ , 35 F.4th at 1168 (\u201cWe therefore decline to decide whether \u00a7 1595 applies to foreign conduct because whether it does or not, we are left with the same result . . . . We will assume in this case that \u00a7 1595 applies extraterritorially and leave for another day the question of whether that assumption is correct.\u201d). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 79. ^ No. 19-cv-03737, 2021 WL 5774224 (D.D.C. Nov. 2, 2021). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 80. ^ _Id._ at *1\u20132. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 81. ^ _Id._ at *7. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 82. ^ _Id._ at *16. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 83. ^ _See_ 18 U.S.C. \u00a7 1596(a). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 84. ^ _See generally_ David A. Baldwin , Economic Statecraft (1985). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 85. ^ _Countries & Regions _ , Off. U.S. Trade Representative , Exec. Off. President, https://ustr.gov/countries-regions [https://perma.cc/7PA2-8JPT]. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 86. ^ 19 U.S.C. \u00a7 2462; _Generalized System of Preferences (GSP)_ , Off. U.S. Trade Representative , Exec. Off. President , https://ustr.gov/issue-areas/trade-development/preference-programs/generalized-system-preference-gsp [https://perma.cc/6W6J-XFYZ]; Michael Trebilcock et al. , The Regulation of International Trade 717 (4th ed. 2013). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 87. ^ Pub. L. No. 93-618, \u00a7 502, 88 Stat. 1978, 2066 (codified at 19 U.S.C. \u00a7 2462). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 88. ^ _See_ _Generalized System of Preferences (GSP)_ , _supra_ note 86. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 89. ^ _Id._\n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 90. ^ Off. of the U.S. Trade Representative , Exec. Off. of the President , U.S. Generalized System of Preferences: Guidebook 17 (2020). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 91. ^ _Id._ at 9. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 92. ^ 19 U.S.C. \u00a7\u00a7 2701\u20132707. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 93. ^ _Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI)_ , Off. U.S. Trade Representative , Exec. Off. President , https://ustr.gov/issue-areas/trade-development/preference-programs/caribbean-basin-initiative-cbi __ [https://perma.cc/5BCH-LFDY]. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 94. ^ 19 U.S.C. \u00a7\u00a7 2901\u20132906. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 95. ^ Trebilcock et al. , _supra_ note 86, at 717. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 96. ^ Pub. L. No. 106-200, 114 Stat. 251 (codified as amended in scattered sections of the U.S. Code). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 97. ^ 19 U.S.C. \u00a7 3703(1)(F). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 98. ^ One example of this is the GSP de-designation in 2019 of India and Turkey, for reasons unrelated to worker rights. _See_ _United States Will Terminate GSP Designation of India and Turkey_ , Off. U.S. Trade Representative , Exec. Off. President (Mar. 4, 2019), https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-office/press-releases/2019/march/united-states-will-terminate-gsp [https://perma.cc/E46E-K3S5]. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 99. ^ _See_ _Raising Labor Standards Through Trade Preference Programs_ , AFL-CIO, https://aflcio.org/raising-labor-standards-through-trade-preference-programs [https://perma.cc/59FH-SWSN]. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 100. ^ _See_ _id._\n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 101. ^ _Id._ The AFL-CIO has filed such briefs in the cases of Georgia and Kazakhstan, which both retain GSP benefits. _Id._ Eswatini, which lost its AGOA eligibility in 2015, had its benefits reinstated on the condition that it improve its labor practices. _Id._ However, the AFL-CIO filed an additional petition in 2019, attesting that those standards had not been met. _Id._ ; _see_ AFL-CIO , Public Comment to the African Growth and Opportunity Act Implementation Subcommittee (2019), https://aflcio.org/sites/default/files/2019-10/FINAL%202019%20AFL-CIO%20Swaziland%20AGOA.pdf [https://perma.cc/KZN8-DJWV]. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 102. ^ Liana Wong, Cong. Rsch. Serv. , RL33663, Generalized System of Preferences (GSP): Overview and Issues for Congress 1 (2022). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 103. ^ _Id._\n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 104. ^ _See_ John B. Brew & Dmitry Bergoltsev, _Lawmakers in Washington Propose Bill for Allowing Retroactive GSP Benefits_ , Lexology (S ept. 21, 2022) , https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=62209117-0faf-46db-b1cd-1977d661c1c4 __ [https://perma.cc/C5KX-7HH5]. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 105. ^ Wong , _supra_ note 102, at 33\u201334. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 106. ^ Brew & Bergoltsev, _supra_ note 104. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 107. ^ _Id._\n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 108. ^ 19 U.S.C. \u00a7\u00a7 1202\u20131683. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 109. ^ _Id._ \u00a7 1307; _see also_ Walk Free Found. , _supra_ note 6, at 108 (noting that the United States has implemented policies to \u201cprevent the sourcing of goods or services linked to modern slavery\u201d through the Tariff Act, which \u201callows the seizure of goods believed to be produced with forced labor\u201d). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 110. ^ _See generally_ U.S. Gov\u2019t Accountability Off. , GAO-21-259, Forced Labor: CBP Should Improve Communication to Strengthen Trade Enforcement (2021) (describing the CBP\u2019s approach to enforcing section 307). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 111. ^ Walk Free Found. , _supra_ note 6, at 108\u201309. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 112. ^ Christopher A. Casey & Catherine D. Cimino-Isaacs , Cong. Rsch. Serv. , IF11360, Section 307 and Imports Produced by Forced Labor 2 (2022). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 113. ^ U.S. Gov\u2019t Accountability Off. , _supra_ note 110, at 9 (emphasis added). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 114. ^ _Id._ at 9\u201310. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 115. ^ _Withhold Release Orders and Findings List_ , U.S. Customs & Border Prot. (Feb. 8, 2023), https://www.cbp.gov/trade/forced-labor/withhold-release-orders-and-findings [https://perma.cc/A88W-BYF6]. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 116. ^ _See_ U.S. Gov\u2019t Accountability Off. , _supra_ note 110, at 11. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 117. ^ _Id._\n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 118. ^ Notice of Finding that Certain Stevia Extracts and Derivatives Produced in the People\u2019s Republic of China with the Use of Convict, Forced or Indentured Labor Are Being, or Are Likely to Be, Imported into the United States, 85 Fed. Reg. 66,574 (Oct. 20, 2020) [hereinafter 2020 CBP Finding]; Press Release, U.S. Customs & Border Prot., CBP Issues First Forced Labor Finding Since 1996 (Oct. 20, 2020, 12:00 PM), https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/national-media-release/cbp-issues-first-forced-labor-finding-1996 [https://perma.cc/NY8L-YYLW]. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 119. ^ 2020 CBP Finding, _supra_ note 118. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 120. ^ Franziska Humbert , The Challenge of Child Labour in International Law 320\u201321 (James Crawford & John S. Bell eds., 2009). _But see_ Walk Free Found. , _supra_ note 6, at 108 (stating that the United States is \u201cfully implementing\u201d section 307 of the Act). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 121. ^ _See_ Humbert , _supra_ note 120, at 184; Int\u2019l Lab. Org. , Forced Labour in Myanmar (Burma): Report of the Commission of Inquiry 3 (1998); Cullen , _supra_ note 9, at 23. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 122. ^ Pub L. No. 108-61, 117 Stat. 864 (codified at 50 U.S.C. \u00a7 1701 note). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 123. ^ Tom Lantos Block Burmese JADE (Junta\u2019s Anti-Democratic Efforts) Act of 2008, Pub L. No. 110-286, 122 Stat. 2632 (2008) (codified at 50 U.S.C. \u00a7 1701 note). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 124. ^ Claire Buggenhoudt, _U.S. Trade Sanctions (World Trade Organization, Panel Report)_ , _in_ Litigating Transnational Human Rights Obligations: Alternative Judgments , _supra_ note 35, at 13, 13\u201314. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 125. ^ _Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act_ , U.S. Customs & Border Prot. (Feb. 24, 2023), https://www.cbp.gov/trade/forced-labor/UFLPA [https://perma.cc/5WH8-QHQU]. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 126. ^ _Id._\n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 127. ^ _Id._\n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 128. ^ _See_ U.S. Dep\u2019t of Homeland Sec. , Strategy to Prevent the Importation of Goods Mined, Produced, or Manufactured with Forced Labor in the People\u2019s Republic of China: Report to Congress 7\u20138 (2022). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 129. ^ _See_ _Withhold Release Orders and Findings List_ , _supra_ note 115. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 130. ^ For a critical perspective on the overbreadth of the Executive\u2019s national security powers, see Patrick Corcoran, Note, _Trade and Wars: Checking the President\u2019s Overbroad Trade Sanction Authority_ , 23 N.Y.U. J. Legis. & Pub. Pol\u2019y 687 (2021). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 131. ^ 50 U.S.C. \u00a7\u00a7 1701\u20131707. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 132. ^ Harold Hongju Koh , The National Security Constitution 46\u201347, 80 (1990). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 133. ^ 50 U.S.C. \u00a7 1701(a). For information about the context of IEEPA\u2019s enactment, see Koh , _supra_ note 132, at 46\u201348. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 134. ^ _Cf._ Koh , _supra_ note 132, at 122 (describing measures taken by President Carter under IEEPA in response to the Iranian hostage crisis). __ These broad powers under IEEPA have been held up in courts. _See, e.g._ , Dames & Moore v. Regan, 453 U.S. 654, 686 (1981) (upholding President Carter\u2019s IEEPA actions against Iran); INS v. Chadha, 462 U.S. 919, 959 (1983). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 135. ^ _Declared National Emergencies Under the National Emergencies Act_ , Brennan Ctr. for Just. (Feb. 17, 2023), https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/research-reports/declared-national-emergencies-under-national-emergencies-act [https://perma.cc/6NFR-GPZ9]. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 136. ^ _Id._\n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 137. ^ _See_ _id._\n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 138. ^ Exec. Order No. 12,532, 3 C.F.R. \u00a7 387 (1985); Christopher A. Casey et al., Cong. Rsch. Serv. , R45618, The International Emergency Economic Powers Act: Origins, Evolution, and Use 23\u201324 (2022). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 139. ^ Exec. Order No. 13,067, 3 C.F.R. \u00a7 230 (1997). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 140. ^ Exec. Order No. 13,194, 3 C.F.R. \u00a7 741 (2002). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 141. ^ Exec. Order No. 13,651, 3 C.F.R. \u00a7 324 (2014). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 142. ^ Exec. Order No. 13,722, 3 C.F.R. \u00a7 446 (2017). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 143. ^ Exec. Order No. 13,818, 3 C.F.R. \u00a7 399 (2018). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 144. ^ Press Release, U.S. Dep\u2019t of the Treasury, Treasury Sanctions Chinese Entity and Officials Pursuant to Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act (July 9, 2020), https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sm1055 [https://perma.cc/FUM4-S7A2]. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 145. ^ 15 C.F.R. \u00a7 730 (2022). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 146. ^ _Cf._ Hideki Uno, _The Unintended Impacts of the U.S. Export Control Regime on U.S. Innovation_ , Ctr. for Strategic & Int\u2019l Stud. (July 25, 2022), https://www.csis.org/blogs/perspectives-innovation/unintended-impacts-us-export-control-regime-us-innovation [https://perma.cc/L4HB-YL4M]; Baldwin , _supra_ note 84. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 147. ^ _CBC FAQs - Entity List FAQs_ , Bureau Indus. & Sec. , U.S. Dep\u2019t Com. , https://www.bis.doc.gov/index.php/cbc-faqs/cat/36-entity-list-faqs-2#faq_282 [https://perma.cc/H3ZG-NB2S]. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 148. ^ Addition of Certain Entities to the Entity List; Revision of Existing Entries on the Entity List, 85 Fed. Reg. No. 44,159 (July 22, 2020). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 149. ^ _See_ Alison J. Stafford Powell et al., _BIS Adds Eleven Chinese Entities Implicated in Human Rights Abuses in Xinjiang to the Entity List_ , Baker McKenzie: Sanctions & Exp. Controls Update (Aug. 11, 2020), https://sanctionsnews.bakermckenzie.com/bis-adds-eleven-chinese-entities-implicated-in-human-rights-abuses-in-xinjiang-to-the-entity-list [https://perma.cc/ QY45-DPWD]. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 150. ^ _See_ Barry E. Carter , International Economic Sanctions: Improving the Haphazard U.S. Legal Regime 2 (1988). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 151. ^ _Id._ at 32\u201333, 63\u201365. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 152. ^ U.S. Dep\u2019t of Lab. , _supra_ note 6, at 6. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 153. ^ _See_ _Reports and Publications_ , U.S. Dep\u2019t Lab. https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/research-impact-evaluation [https://perma.cc/4A49-7GDK]. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 154. ^ _E.g._ , U.S. Dep\u2019t of Lab. , _supra_ note 6. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 155. ^ _Id._ at 6\u20137. Pursuant to Executive Order 13,126, the U.S. government also depends on ILAB\u2019s _List of Products Produced by Forced or Indentured Child Labor_ to ensure that public procurement does not support goods produced by forced labor. _See_ Exec. Order No. 13,126, 3 C.F.R. \u00a7 195 (2000). \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 156. ^ _Comply Chain: Business Tools for Labor Compliance in Global Supply Chains_ , U.S. Dep\u2019t Lab. , https://www.dol.gov/general/apps/ilab-comply-chain [https://perma.cc/HTW7-65DE]. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 157. ^ U.S. Dep\u2019t of Lab. , _supra_ note 6, at 9\u201310, 12. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 158. ^ The White House , The National Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking (2021), https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/National-Action-Plan-to-Combat-Human-Trafficking.pdf [https://perma.cc/E6E5-P5QQ]. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 159. ^ _See_ _Forced Labor Enforcement Task Force_ , U.S. Dep\u2019t. Homeland Sec. (Jan. 24, 2023), https://www.dhs.gov/forced-labor-enforcement-task-force [https://perma.cc/MBH6-9KM4]. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 160. ^ Press Release, Off. of the U.S. Trade Representative , USTR Announces the Development of a Focused Trade Strategy to Combat Forced Labor (Jan. 25, 2022), __ https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-office/press-releases/2022/january/ustr-announces-development-focused-trade-strategy-combat-forced-labor [https://perma.cc/M5S9-BG3M]. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 161. ^ _Cf._ Press Release, Michael R. Pompeo, Sec\u2019y of State, U.S. Dep\u2019t of State, Determination of the Secretary of State on Atrocities in Xinjiang (Jan. 19, 2021), https://2017-2021.state.gov/determination-of-the-secretary-of-state-on-atrocities-in-xinjiang/index.html [https://perma.cc/8HKV-6477]. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 162. ^ _See_ Anshu Siripurapu & Noah Berman, _The Contentious U.S.-China Trade Relationship_ , Council on Foreign Rels. (Dec. 2, 2022, 5:00 PM), https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/contentious-us-china-trade-relationship [https://perma.cc/MX8D-6QUC]; _cf._ Ryan Hass, Commentary, _A Roadmap for U.S.-China Relations in 2023_ , Brookings Inst. (Jan. 4, 2023), https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2023/01/04/a-roadmap-for-us-china-relations-in-2023 [https://perma.cc/2BK6-74SU]. \n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n 163. ^ Finbarr Bermingham, _China\u2019s Xinjiang More than Doubled Its US Exports in 2020, Despite Trump\u2019s Sanctions and Bans_ , S. China Morning Post (Feb. 24, 2021, 4:43 PM), https://www.scmp.com/economy/china-economy/article/3118656/xinjiangs-us-exports-more-doubled-2020-despite-trumps [https://perma.cc/8CTP-5GDF]. The _South China Morning Post_ also reported that cotton, the industry most targeted by the sanctions, was a minor good for direct export to the United States. _Id._ Rather, Xinjiang cotton \u201ctypically enters the garment supply chain elsewhere in China or Asia, at which point it can be difficult to trace.\u201d _Id._\n\nReturn to citation ^\n\n[ Download ](https://harvardlawreview.org/wp-\ncontent/uploads/2023/03/136-Harv.-L.-Rev.-1700.pdf)\n\nTopics:\n\n * [ Alien Tort Statute ](https://harvardlawreview.org/topics/alien-tort-statute/)\n * [ Human Rights Law ](https://harvardlawreview.org/topics/human-rights-law/)\n * [ Labor Law ](https://harvardlawreview.org/topics/labor-law/)\n * [ Trade Law ](https://harvardlawreview.org/topics/trade-law/)\n\nApril 9, 2023\n\n## More from this Issue\n\n * [ Privacy ](https://harvardlawreview.org/topics/privacy/) [ Recent Case ](https://harvardlawreview.org/category/recent-things/recent-case/)\n\n### [ _Hunstein v. 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"url": "https://harvardlawreview.org/print/vol-136/policy-as-a-one-legged-stool-u-s-actions-against-supply-chain-forced-labor-abuses/"
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"reason": "The Harvard Law Review is a highly respected academic journal. This article provides a scholarly analysis of U.S. policy regarding forced labor in supply chains.",
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"search_query": "company 'Cowboy' supply chain human rights",
"summary": "This Harvard Law Review article analyzes U.S. actions against supply chain forced labor abuses.",
"url": "https://harvardlawreview.org/print/vol-136/policy-as-a-one-legged-stool-u-s-actions-against-supply-chain-forced-labor-abuses/"
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"source": "https://www.sir.advancedleadership.harvard.edu/articles/shaping-corporate-responsibility-un-guiding-principles-legislation-human-rights-supply-chain-management"
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"page_content": "[ 0 ](/cart)\n\n# Shaping Corporate Responsibility from the UN Guiding Principles: New\nLegislation in Human Rights and Supply Chain Management\n\n[ Democracy Law and Human Rights\n](/articles/category/Democracy+Law+and+Human+Rights) [ Social Enterprise and\nEconomic Development\n](/articles/category/Social+Enterprise+and+Economic+Development)\n\nApr 9\n\nWritten By [ Matthias Bosch ](/articles?author=6607e493bcea567c71175ac6)\n\n### Q&A with Caroline Rees ( [ Part 1 ](/articles/shaping-responsible-future-\npush-for-human-rights-environmental-responsibility-in-business) )\n\n[ _Caroline Rees_ ](https://shiftproject.org/person/caroline-rees/) _,_ **__\n** _President and Co-Founder of_ [ _Shift_ ](https://shiftproject.org/) _, a\nnon-profit organization with a mission to advance towards a world where\nbusiness gets done with respect for people\u2019s human rights. She leads the\norganization\u2019s thought leadership work on key challenges and opportunities in\nadvancing corporate respect for business and human rights. In recent years,\nCaroline has focused on improving corporate human rights reporting as a\ncatalyst for better human rights risk management, and on improving the data\nand methods used in evaluating companies\u2019 social performance as part of ESG\n(environmental, social and governance) analysis._\n\n_Caroline previously spent 14 years with the British Foreign and Commonwealth\nOffice. From 2003 to 2006 she led the UK\u2019s human rights negotiating team at\nthe UN and she ran the negotiations to establish the mandate of the Special\nRepresentative of the UN Secretary-General on business and human rights. The\nsuccess of this initiative led to Professor John Ruggie\u2019s appointment and from\n2007-2011 Caroline was a lead advisor on his team and deeply involved in the\ndrafting of the Guiding Principles. From 2009 to 2011 Caroline was also the\nDirector of the Governance and Accountability Program at the Corporate Social\nResponsibility Initiative at Harvard Kennedy School. Caroline is a\nCommissioner on the_ [ _Business Commission to Tackle Inequality_\n](https://tacklinginequality.org/) _, a member of the_ Advisory Committee of\nthe [ _Investor Alliance for Human Rights_\n](https://investorsforhumanrights.org/advisory-committee) _, the Advisory\nGroup to the_ [ _Workforce Disclosure Initiative_\n](https://shareaction.org/investor-initiatives/workforce-disclosure-\ninitiative) _, and the Advisory Panel of the_ [ _Capitals Coalition_\n](https://capitalscoalition.org/) _._\n\nAs consumers, we likely assume that the products and services we purchase are\ncoming onto the market free of human rights violations. But this is,\nunfortunately, far from reality. The [ World Index of Human Rights Violations\n](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/human-rights-index-vdem) gives a dire\npicture of the large scale of human rights violations happening around the\nglobe. A significant amount of the violations happens in full view of\ntransnational corporations utilizing supply chains in countries whose human\nrights records are dismal. Violations also occur in companies\u2019 own operations,\nincluding in western countries. What obligation do businesses have to rectify\nthese violations in some way? In the past, there was very little obligation\nother than public pressure on companies to do more. Times have changed and an\ninternational standard has been established to guide corporations and\ngovernments on their respective responsibilities for tackling human rights\nviolations associated with business activities.\n\nThe [ UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights\n](https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/publications/guidingprinciplesbusinesshr_en.pdf)\n(UNGP or Guiding Principles), adopted on June 16, 2011, is a catalogue of 31\nprinciples for implementing the UN \u201cProtect, Respect and Remedy\u201d framework on\nthe issue of human rights and transnational corporations and other business\nenterprises. The goal is to assist states and companies in creating the right\nmix of measures for enabling and incentivizing respect for human rights by\nbusiness \u2013 from legal and regulatory frameworks to policy measures, to\ncorporate due diligence processes that address risks to people\u2019s human rights\nnot only in the company but also in its value chain far from the corporate\nsuite.\n\n**Matthias Bosch: Caroline, you were working with** [ **Professor John\nRuggie** ](https://scholar.harvard.edu/john-ruggie/home) **when he was\nteaching at the Harvard Kennedy School. He is** [ **the architect**\n](https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/latest-news/john-ruggie-author-of-\nthe-guiding-principles-has-passed-away/) **, of the UN Guiding Principles on\nBusiness and Human Rights. Those principles are also the foundation of the\nproposed EU legislation \u2013** [ **Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence\nDirective** ](https://commission.europa.eu/business-economy-euro/doing-\nbusiness-eu/corporate-sustainability-due-diligence_en) **(CSDDD or Due\nDiligence Directive). If passed, the impact of the law in Europe will be\nenormous. Thousands of US companies will also be required to follow the EU law\nwhen doing business in the European Union. When you were working with John\nRuggie, did you expect that your work would one day have such an impact?**\n\n**Caroline Rees:** We'll certainly have to see how many US companies are\naffected, but early estimates seem to be in the area of a thousand or so,\nwhich is not insubstantial, for sure. That may come down in light of recent\nnegotiations, as the political agreement reached in December between the EU\npolitical institutions has hit political hurdles in Brussels. At the start, I\nwould certainly say that I didn't have that foresight as to the extent of this\nimpact. When we started the work under John Ruggie\u2019s mandate that led to the\nUN Guiding Principles, it was very much building up the evidence base,\nstarting from how people perceived the responsibility of business. We were\nlooking at how the impact of business on people was manifesting in the world\nand recognized around human rights issues. It was very much building up that\nbase, talking with companies, talking with civil society, and talking with\ngovernments. What is there in the law? What is there in practice? What is the\nperception? It was incremental building up of a picture. Starting from those\nfoundations, I think we have certainly come a long way over the past 13 years\nsince the Guiding Principles were adopted.\n\nBut at the same time, John Ruggie's mandate in the [ UN Human Rights System\n](https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/human-rights) was really quite different\nfrom most mandates of such nature. Most of them are special rapporteurs who\nare coming from a pure human rights law background. His was a role as a\nrepresentative of the Secretary-General and somebody who was a preeminent\ninternational political scientist, looking far beyond the confines of the body\nof human rights law, to not just other bodies of law, but practice and\npolitical economy, and so forth, and building out a kind of process that\nsimply had no precedents. So, in that regard, there were many differences in\nthe process that I think led us to where we landed.\n\nNow, all of that said, I don't think John, if he were with us, would be saying\nthat he had exactly imagined this kind of impact. However, I think it's really\nimportant and often gets forgotten just how deep the academic roots that John\nbrought with him to the role are, as we see them in the Guiding Principles.\nThose roots of the Guiding Principles go back intoJohn's thinking about the\nways in which international flows of goods, services, finance have expanded,\nwhilst the social protections for people who lose out have not kept pace with\nthat expansion.\n\nAnd then the other aspect of his academic thinking and work was around how\ninternational rules are created given that we don't have a world government.\nWhat is happening in today's globalized world is that the traditional public\npolicy, rulemaking, governance that we're familiar with is now interacting\nwith private sector governance and civic governance, coming from civil\nsociety, such that these distinct spheres that play upon each other and\ngenerate an evolution in norms and rules. He was very explicit in that. I\nthink he said almost word for word that the Guiding Principles were never\nmerely a text. They were always intended to generate a regulatory dynamic.\n\nSo back to your question. I don't think John would be saying he foresaw\nexactly where we are today. But the direction of travel in which the Guiding\nPrinciples have led us and the way they have engaged governments, business,\nand civil society in leading us towards improved regulation and some increased\nlegislation as part of the mix of measures that are needed, was very much his\noriginal vision.\n\n**Bosch: We are interested in the social impact that people are able to\ncreate. You were a UK diplomat before you were working at Harvard Kennedy\nSchool. Could you explain your journey, detailing how you went from the\ndiplomatic service to Harvard, and then to the development of the UN Guiding\nPrinciples?**\n\n**Rees:** Yes, I was a British diplomat for the first 14 years of my career.\nIn the last four years of that period, I headed up our human rights team at\nthe United Nations, which was negotiating for the UK on a whole host of\ntraditional international human rights matters, including resolutions\nregarding the performance of certain governments on human rights, the\ndevelopment of treaties and protocols, and so forth.\n\nAnd then I think in 2003 or 2004, this topic of business and human rights came\nto the table for the first time. Business hadn't been in the frame in any\nmeaningful way until then. And it came in the form of a proposition from a\nsub-body of experts that suggested there were certain international norms that\nshould apply directly to companies when it came to human rights.\n\nSo, I was looking at this proposition, along with all of my colleagues and\ncounterparts from other governments. On the one hand, I had the representative\nof the [ Confederation of British Industry ](https://www.cbi.org.uk/) saying\nthis is absolutely untenable: this is about pushing off onto companies the\nthings that governments should be doing; and, on the other hand, I had the\nrepresentative of the Amnesty International UK saying that this absolutely has\nto be on the agenda: we cannot go forward with egregious business impacts on\npeople happening around the world with zero accountability for corporations.\nThey were both right.\n\nSo, what do you do with that? The short answer was that the proposition on the\ntable was so politically charged and, in some regards, problematic that it\nwasn't going to be the solution. So, we created a hiatus and said _thank you,_\nacknowledging good content in some areas of those proposals that could be\nbuilt upon _._ And then my role became crafting a coalition of states from the\ndifferent regions to find a way forward. I worked with my counterparts from\nArgentina, Nigeria, India, and Russia to craft a draft resolution and then\nchaired a set of negotiations on that text to create something that might lead\nus forward. And that ended up being a [ resolution\n](https://www.ohchr.org/en/special-procedures/wg-business/special-\nrepresentative-secretary-general-human-rights-and-transnational-corporations-\nand-other) that we adopted in 2005, asking [ Kofi Annan\n](https://www.un.org/sg/en/formersg/koffi.shtml) to appoint a Special\nRepresentative with a mandate to push the work forward and explore __ what the\nnature of a company's responsibility is when it comes to human rights \u2013\nalthough it was hardly that well-articulated at the time. This is how I got to\nknow John because he came to Geneva and knocked on my door and sort of asked,\n\u201cOkay, give me some political background to this. What am I walking into\nhere?\u201d Over a number of months, I gave him some of that context to work with\nand ultimately, as I was leaving Geneva, he invited me to join him and his\nsmall growing team to work with him on whatever the process would be ahead.\n\nIt was a two-year mandate that ended up being six years. But John was on one\nhand, the UN representative of the UN Secretary General and on the other hand,\nstill working at Harvard with a tiny budget from the UN. The budget allowed\nfor a couple of country visits and part of the time of one person in the UN.\nHe had to build out and raise funding for this team.\n\nThere were seven or eight of us who were there throughout the period of his\nmandate, who did the work, had the conversations, and traveled the world,\ntalking with people in order to arrive at something as significant as the\nGuiding Principles. And others were along for part of the journey as well. But\nhe had to create that mini ecosystem that enabled the Guiding Principles to\ncome to fruition.\n\n**Bosch: I think the UK was one of the first countries that implemented a\nsupply chain law \u2013 the** [ **Modern Slavery Act of 2015**\n](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2015/30/contents/enacted) **. Did this\nlaw come out of your efforts as one of the first national laws?**\n\n**Rees:** It was one of the first national laws. I think the domestic ebb and\nflow of enthusiasm for the subject could be a conversation in itself, but\nthat\u2019s right. It was developed with the support of [ Theresa May\n](https://www.gov.uk/government/people/theresa-may) , when she was Home\nSecretary. She was very committed to the issue of forced labor. And what you\nhad in the Guiding Principles was already a sort of consensus view that a\nparticular type of human rights due diligence could be reasonably asked of\ncompanies. And so, then the Modern Slavery Act became an articulation of this,\nasking companies to what due diligence they are doing with regard to this\nissue in their supply chains. And then we had an [ Australian version\n](https://www.ag.gov.au/sites/default/files/2023-05/Report%20-%20Statutory%20Review%20of%20the%20Modern%20Slavery%20Act%202018.PDF)\nwhich built on the same model.\n\n**Bosch: In Germany, my own country, we have had since 2023 the** [\n**Lieferkettensorgfaltspflichtengesetz**\n](https://www.bafa.de/DE/Lieferketten/Multilinguales_Angebot/multilinguales_angebot_node.html)\n**. It\u2019s a bit simpler in English \u2013 the Supply Chain Due Diligence Directive.\nParts of German industry are very skeptical about this new law. They are\nafraid of the bureaucratic monster created by the regulations. The level\nplaying field in competition is somehow gone. What can we learn from the\nvarious national laws when applying it to the European Union?**\n\n**Rees:** John always foresaw that we needed a legislative and regulatory\ncomponent. There are already bundles of legislation related to what a business\nis prohibited from doing or expected to do with regard to impacts on people,\nwhether it's around health and safety or consumer protection or pollution.\nLegislation is a necessary component of any system to address risks to people\nfrom business activities.\n\nThe Guiding Principles talk about the need for a smart mix of measures on the\npart of government. From the early days of the mandate, it was always clear\nthat both the NGOs advocating for an international treaty and the push from\ncompanies suggesting that all you needed were more voluntary initiatives, not\nadequate responses. Neither of those was going to be sufficient to meet the\nproblem. Voluntary elements are necessary and mandatory elements are necessary\nin the mix of this.\n\nI think what's really critical is that when you then pivot from a normative\nframework to legislation, various other risks come into the frame. These have\nnothing to do with the content of the Guiding Principles themselves. They have\nto do with the nature of legislation. And there's a little sort of perversity\nhere, I think, in how company voices can play out. When it comes to\nlegislation, there tends to be a call for absolute legal certainty and the\npinpointing of every detail of what's going to be expected of companies.\nBusinesses say \u201cwe want to know exactly what we have to do, when, where, and\nhow, so we can tick it off. Then our lawyers can know that it's all been done,\nand our auditors can give us a clean check.\u201d Well, then you end up creating a\nlist of rigid things and you've kind of created the monster that companies\nthencomplain is too rigid and too demanding.\n\nAnd that's a little bit of the challenge that lies in the dynamic of how you\nmove from a normative framework to legislation. There's no doubt that pinning\nsome things down is important. But the Guiding Principles are a standard of\nconduct which is ultimately about behaviors and cultures and approaches and\nmindsets. They take a flexible, risk-based approach that recognizes that\ncompanies need to take a differentiated approach across their supply chain\ndepending on where the most severe risks are, rather than just blanketing\ntheir first tier of business partners with compliance requirements \u2013which is\nunfortunately how many companies are implementing the German law. Nor does\nlegislation have to be that way. Even where legal standards of negligence\nalready exist, there has long been room allowed to adapt your approach and\nresources to focus where the greatest risk lies. Indeed, the EU draft law is\nsignificantly better in this regard.\n\nIf a company tries to do the same thing everywhere \u2013 to audit everything in\nthe same way, look at every supplier the same way and so forth \u2013 you do create\na monstrous burden. If you adapt so that you are applying resources where\ncredible risk lies, you create a much more flexible way of dealing with the\nhuman rights issues, meeting the requirements and actually bringing benefit to\nyour company because now you've got insight into things you need to have a\nhandle on. They're genuine risks. Any business should want to be ahead of\nthose. The key is not getting locked into excessive rigidity that feels\nburdensome because you're doing it in order to comply, rather than thinking\nabout where the actual risks lie and how to apply your resources there. When\nyou approach it in that more adaptable way, you are actually dealing with the\nissues that matter most and, in so doing, are meeting the requirements of the\nlaw.\n\n**Bosch: Transnational companies want to have one set of rules if their\nbusiness is global. The wish is for them to be somehow standardized. At the\nmoment, we have the UN Guiding Principles and the** [ **OECD Guidelines**\n](https://www.oecd.org/publications/oecd-guidelines-for-multinational-\nenterprises-on-responsible-business-conduct-81f92357-en.htm) **. A similar\nEuropean Directive is still in the making. In February this year, there will\nbe discussions in Brussels on the proposed law. National governments will then\nhave to decide whether to adopt the new Directive. The German government is\nconcerned about legal liability and potential damages corporations may be\nsubject to. How do you think this is going to help the whole cause to bring\nhuman rights into the forefront of the decision-making process in corporations\nwhen they have a fear of liabilities hanging over their head?**\n\n**Rees:** There are a couple of things to sort of break out from that\nmaterial. I think the first that I pick up on is about this sort of\nmultiplicity of standards. What we have now, but which gets lost in\ntranslation, is an extraordinary convergence of standards.\n\nYes, we have the OECD guidelines as well as the Guiding Principles. But we\nworked hand-in-glove with the OECD so that their Human Rights Chapter has the\nsame content. And then, we worked with other bodies such as ISO ( [\nInternational Organization for Standardization\n](https://www.iso.org/home.html) ) and the IFC ( [ International Finance\nCorporation ](https://www.ifc.org/en/home) ) and others to embed the same\napproaches. Now, what's the primary reference point whether you're talking\nabout the EU reporting requirements on the social side, or you're talking\nabout due diligence legislation? It's the same reference point that those are\nmodeled on \u2013 the UN Guiding Principles.\n\nDespite some business opposition to the EU process on the due diligence\nlegislation, thousands of companies and numerous sustainability-focused\nindustry associations actually came out in [ positive support\n](https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/big-issues/mandatory-due-\ndiligence/companies-investors-in-support-of-mhrdd/) . They were clearly\nsaying: _Yes, we're absolutely up for this. Just keep it the same set of\nexpectations_ \u2013 _we need the predictability that what the Guiding Principles\nsay is what you're asking us to do._ That was a hugely constructive voice. And\nthat's what we need more of. It's not actually that there is a multiplicity of\nasks of companies: it's simply the same thing said in different places.\n\nThe second was your point about liability. Civil liability is incorporated\nwithin the Due Diligence Directive, alongside scope for administrative\nmeasures. It remains uncertain how different jurisdictions will respond,\nparticularly in terms of what their enforcement agencies choose to\ninvestigate, the manner in which these investigations simply influence their\ndialogues with companies, or potentially lead to some form of sanction. But\nwhen you're actually talking about the punitive measures, then you're talking\nabout civil liability, and here we're in a very narrow set. A lot of civil\nsociety actors would be arguing that it is way _too_ narrow. Liability is\nlimited to situations where a company alone or jointly with another actor\ncauses or contributes to a harm either intentionally or as a result of gross\nnegligence. That's already a narrow set of situations with a pretty high\nevidentiary basis. The purpose of using the language of causation in the\nDirective was because it ties back to existing national law tests that are\nestablished for determining negligence, some of which are themselves quite\nstringent.\n\nSo, all this adds up to having to thread through the eye of a pretty small\nneedle to land with civil liability, and we need to be really careful not to\nblow it out of proportion. Civil liability is a very particular, specific and\nnarrow window. And then there will be other things that national governments\nlook at by way of administrative supervision.\n\nThe text was technically agreed between the EU Council, the Parliament and the\nCommission. As it came to a vote last month, we have seen incredible political\nmaneuvering by some government actors and lobbyists to cut the text down to\nsomething meaningless. So, of course it's not agreed until it's agreed through\nthat process. If it isn\u2019t, then we will see different Member States go\ndifferent ways \u2013 as they already started to do \u2013 and the risk of divergent\nexpectations that will actually create an unlevel playing field that is far\nless in the interest of business than a coherent, EU-wide approach that aligns\nwell with the international standards.\n\n**Bosch: Thank you for the interview.**\n\n**EDITORS\u2019 NOTE:**\n\nSince this interview was conducted, on February 28, 2024, the text of the EU\u2019s\nCorporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD) [ failed\n](https://multimedia.europarl.europa.eu/sk/webstreaming/press-conference-by-\nlara-wolters-rapporteur-on-corporate-sustainability-due-diligence-\ndirective_20240228-1600-SPECIAL-PRESSER) to secure a qualified majority among\nmember states representative of the EU. A qualified majority is only reached\nif 15 of the 27 European Member States vote in favour of it and those 15\nMember States represent at least 65% of the European population. Although an [\nagreement ](https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-\nroom/20231205IPR15689/corporate-due-diligence-rules-agreed-to-safeguard-human-\nrights-and-environment) on the CSDDD was reached on December 14, 2023, during\nthe trilogue process of the EU Council, the EU Parliament and the EU\nCommission, the CSDDD was rejected by some of the Permanent Representatives of\nthe Member States. National lobby associations played a significant role in\nthe debate and decision. In particular, Germany, Italy, Czech Republic,\nHungary, Luxembourg, Austria and Finland had earlier signaled a potential\nabstention. Prior to the final debate and decision, substantial concessions\nwere demanded by several Member States and business lobbies to maintain\nsupport. On March 15, 2024 the CSDDD was finally adopted. Once the European\nParliament will vote in April, the CSDDD will become EU law. The scope of the\nCSDDD was, however, substantially watered-down and will now apply only to\nroughly 0.05% of EU companies.\n\n* * *\n\n#### About the Author:\n\nMatthias Bosch is a 2023 Harvard Advanced Leadership Initiative Fellow. After\n25 years of practicing intellectual property law and litigating complex patent\ndisputes with his law firm Bosch Jehle, Matthias switched directions and began\nworking fully with social impact and philanthropy organizations. Since 2018,\nMatthias is actively involved with the non-profit organization [ Global\nDignity ](https://globaldignity.org/) , which teaches the concept of dignity\nin over 50 countries. Matthias also recently founded the advisory office, [\nBosch Global Advisors ](https://www.bosch.consulting/) , dedicated to helping\ncompanies improve their social footprint, guide family enterprises and family\noffices towards impactful philanthropy, as well as develop strategies for\nfamily succession planning.\n\n_This Q &A has been edited for length and clarity. _\n\n[ Human Rights Crises and Movements Around the World Series\n](/articles/tag/Human+Rights+Crises+and+Movements+Around+the+World+Series) [\nESG - Sustainability ](/articles/tag/ESG+-+Sustainability)\n\n[ Matthias Bosch ](/articles?author=6607e493bcea567c71175ac6)\n\n[ Previous Previous Clearing the Air: Mobilizing Individuals in Developing\nNations to Act Against Air Pollution ](/articles/clearing-air-mobilizing-\nindividuals-developing-nations-act-against-air-pollution) [ Next Next\nRethinking Ownership: Putting Purpose at the Center ](/articles/rethinking-\nownership-putting-purpose-at-center)\n\nPlease direct inquiries and letters to the editor to:\n\n**Social Impact Review** \n14 Story Street, Suite 501 \nCambridge, MA 02138\n\n[ ali_sir@harvard.edu ](mailto:ali_sir@harvard.edu)\n\n[ Articles RSS\n](https://www.sir.advancedleadership.harvard.edu/articles?format=rss \"Articles\nRSS\")\n\n#ALISocialImpactReview\n\nCopyright \u00a9 Harvard Advanced Leadership Initiative Social Impact Review\n\nQuick Links\n\n[ Search ](/search)\n\n[ Subscribe ](https://lp.constantcontactpages.com/su/Um56Sbq/SIRsubscribe) \n \n[ ALI Website ](https://www.advancedleadership.harvard.edu/)\n\n[ Digital Accessibility Policy\n](https://accessibility.huit.harvard.edu/digital-accessibility-policy)\n\n[ Sitemap\ufeff ](/sitemap)\n\n_The views and opinions expressed in the articles are solely those of the\nauthor and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of\nHarvard University._\n\n",
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n[ Viewpoints ](https://shiftproject.org/category/viewpoints/)\n\n# Raise the Curtain: Human Rights in Retail Supply Chains\n\nMoving from auditing and codes to business integration and long-term\nrelationships.\n\n_By Sean Ansett_\n\nSeptember 2013\n\nShare\n\n * [ Email ](mailto:?subject=Raise%20the%20Curtain%3A%20Human%20Rights%20in%20Retail%20Supply%20Chains &body=https://shiftproject.org/raise-the-curtain-human-rights-in-retail-supply-chains/)\n * [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://shiftproject.org/raise-the-curtain-human-rights-in-retail-supply-chains/)\n * [ LinkedIn ](https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://shiftproject.org/raise-the-curtain-human-rights-in-retail-supply-chains/)\n\nSupply chain human rights issues continue to make the headlines. Even in\nindustries like apparel, it seems we are far from solutions despite\nsignificant investments to address systemic supply chain human rights issues\nsince the 1990s.\n\nTechnological trends suggest that in the next several years we will enter an\nage of \u201chyper-transparency\u201d in upstream and downstream supply chains with\nlower cost technologies like smart phones creating new communication platforms\nfor workers and communities in the global south.\n\nThis brave new world is empowering to some stakeholders and creates much\nneeded transparency and thus accountability. However, it may be of concern\nothers. New engagement processes will be required as information loops\nexponentially picks up pace and brands lose control of their message and\nengagement strategies. In response to this evolution, every corporate apparel\nexecutive should be asking themselves the following questions:\n\n 1. What is the story behind our product or service? \n 2. Are we proud of that story? \n 3. Would my customer be proud of that story? \n 4. Do we own the story or do others own it for us? \n\nAddressing supply chain human rights issues is not easy and in fairness there\nis still a large number of \u201cfree riders\u201d in the industry that invest little or\nnothing in ethical trade. However, there is much to be learned from the\nmistakes of the past and opportunities to leverage that learning.\n\nThe industry\u2019s approach to addressing these issues has come in a number of\n\u201cacts\u201d in what might be seen as an evolving play. With each act comes learning\nabout what has not worked and understanding for how the script should be\ndeveloped. Companies need to keep evolving along with the unfolding narrative. \n\n### \nAct One: Codes and Auditing\n\nBrands have been at the auditing cat and mouse game for the past fifteen years\nand some brands like Levi\u2019s even longer. In 1991, Levi\u2019s was the first company\nto establish comprehensive Global Sourcing & Operating Guidelines.\n\nWhile these efforts are welcome, their impact on the factory floors, farms and mines of global supply chains has largely been ineffective, while creating duplication. | [ See our report on company experiences going \u201cbeyond auditing\u201d ](https://shiftproject.org/resource/from-audit-to-innovation-advancing-human-rights-in-global-supply-chains/)\n\nNumerous studies have highlighted the limited effectiveness of code\nimplementation and social auditing. Most studies looking at the first tier of\nsupply chains in the garment industry agree that basic health and safety has\ngenerally improved and child labor is no longer an issue. Sadly, very little\nprogress has been achieved on issues like non-discrimination, freedom of\nassociation/collective bargaining and excessive working hours.\n\nAnd in some cases working conditions may have actually worsened over time.\nBangladesh is a case in point, where there are over 4,500 garment-producing\nfactories that employ 3.4 million mainly young female workers, and where most\nof the major Western brands source product, attracted by low labor costs.\n\nSince November 2012, 28 factory fires have been reported in Bangladesh. In the\nlast five years, there have been over 600 worker deaths related to fire safety\nand structural collapses \u2013 a system failure. In some of the recent fire-\nrelated tragedies social auditors overlooked basic fire safety problems,\nincluding too few emergency exits and lack of automatic fire prevention\nsystems.\n\nThere have been attempts to improve ethical trade practice including\nadditional skills training for social auditors, code of conduct alignment, and\nsharing audits to reduce audit fatigue and free up resources for other\ninterventions. However, the harsh reality is they are all dependent upon a\nlargely broken monitoring system.\n\n### \nAct Two: Towards Collaboration\n\nSome brands realized over time that individual efforts and monitoring were\nineffective and that in order to drive scalable, effective change to complex\nand seemingly intractable challenges there was a need for new approaches\nincluding strategic collaboration and engagement.\n\nAs a result, membership in multistakeholder initiatives grew in order to\nleverage the expertise, experience and resources of multiple stakeholders.\nThis has produced some positive outcomes, such as UK legislation protecting\nvulnerable workers, and increased engagement with local NGOs and trade unions\nin developing countries. However, the jury is still out on the cumulative\nimpact that these initiatives will have in the coming years.\n\nBrands also learned that training at the supplier level was important. Brands\neither independently or in partnership with other stakeholders launched\ntraining programs in various areas including worker rights and\nresponsibilities, labor law, health and safety, management systems\ndevelopment, supervisory skills training, worker and management dialogue and\nproductivity enhancements.\n\nWhile these trainings do target key needs in suppliers they have largely\nfailed to reach scale and sustain themselves over time. Like the code fatigue\nmentioned earlier, the industry is beginning to face \u201ctraining fatigue.\u201d\n\n### \nAct Three: Responsible Lobby\n\nWhile still an emerging area, there is a tremendous opportunity for brands to\nengage collectively with governments and/or international organizations on\nexpectations related to human rights. They have a shared interest in a level\nplaying field, rule of law, remedy processes and developing competent and\nresourced labor inspectorates.\n\nMany governments feel if they enforce all their labor and environmental laws\nthen the brands will leave due to the increased costs of compliance. Yet price\nis not the only consideration in sourcing decisions. Brands also factor into\nthe equation supply chain stability, good infrastructure, quality, skills and\ninnovation. Some have taken the step of making clear that they welcome the\neffective enforcement of labor and environmental standards, as this provides\ngreater predictability and less risk for their business.\n\nHowever, while there have been some admirable one-off efforts to develop\nresponsible lobby platforms these have generally not gained traction. A couple\nof examples include:\n\n * In Mexico, where the Maquiladora Solidarity Network, a Canadian based advocacy group, worked collectively with global brands to pressure Mexican state governors to intervene and protect human rights, leading to positive outcomes for those affected. \n * The Uzbekistan Cotton Coalition made up of brands, NGOs, responsible investors and trade unions that have been collectively lobbying the Uzbek government and the International Labor Organization to intervene and put an end to the government-mandated practice of forced child labor in the Uzbek cotton fields. \n\nBrands can play an important role in sending a clear, unified message to\nnational governments about their concerns regarding human rights protections,\nleveraging the role they play in providing employment opportunities and\neconomic development.\n\n### \nAct Four: Responsibility Defined\n\nA positive development that defines the responsibility of brands and their\nsuppliers in relation to human rights are the United Nations Guiding\nPrinciples on Business and Human Rights.\n\nIn June 2011, the United Nations Human Rights Council unanimously endorsed the\nGuiding Principles. The principles enjoy wide support from business, civil\nsociety and governments.\n\nFormer Special Representative to the Secretary-General, Professor Ruggie\nproclaimed, \u201cThe UN Guiding Principles will not bring all human rights\nchallenges to an end, but their endorsement marks the end of the beginning.\nThe principles provide a solid and practical foundation on which more learning\nand good practice can be built.\u201d\n\nThe principles outline the corporate responsibility to respect human rights.\nIn order to meet their responsibility to respect human rights, business\nenterprises should have in place policies and processes appropriate to their\nsize and circumstances, including:\n\n * A policy commitment to meet their responsibility to respect human rights; \n * A human rights due diligence process to identify, prevent, mitigate and account for how they address their impacts on human rights; \n * Processes to enable the remediation of any adverse human rights impacts they cause or to which they contribute. \n\nThe Guiding Principles can play an important role in reducing duplication,\nframing responsibility boundaries and roles, and setting expectations for\nbusiness, including both brands and their suppliers by:\n\n * Distinguishing between the roles and responsibilities of global brands, their suppliers and the governments of the states where they operate; \n * Emphasizing the notion of human rights due diligence through which companies should anticipate and mitigate risks; \n * Ensuring that companies have put in place effective remediation processes to address grievances; \n * Reducing the potential for \u201cfree riders\u201d in the system. \n\n### \nCurtain Call: Purchasing Practice and Business Integration\n\nAny solution to supply chain human rights issues will be multifaceted and\nrequire brands to look into the mirror to assess how their own purchasing\npractices may be a part of the problem. The Guiding Principles require that a\ncompany looks at how their own activities may contribute to human rights\nimpacts through their business relationships as part of their responsibility\nto respect human rights.\n\nBrands should therefore determine if their own purchasing practices are\nundermining the monitoring efforts of their internal compliance teams or their\nexternal auditors.\n\nThey should consider making a \u201cdeep-dive\u201d assessment of their product pricing,\nsupplier capacity, product lead times, ship dates, product changes and\ncritical path management to determine ways to improve in order to take\nunnecessary pressure off suppliers and the workers they employ.\n\n### \nDirector\u2019s Corner\n\nThere are no silver bullets, but there are some practical steps that can be\ntaken to address the pressures that underlie purchasing practices.\n\n * Developing longer-term, trust-based relationships between retailers and suppliers that send a signal to suppliers that the brand is investing in them and will be around next season. \n * Developing financial incentives for suppliers, rewarding them for transparency and compliance. \n * Appropriate product pricing. Retailers should set product pricing that a factory can realistically meet without subcontracting and have the technical capacity to question when pricing is \u201ctoo good to be true.\u201d \n * Launching new communications technologies like LaborVoices that use mobile phone text and voice messaging to enable workers, NGOs, trade unions and communities to alert retailers and others to unauthorised subcontracting or other abuses. \n * Greater communication between retailer compliance and design divisions to make sure the compliance consequences of design changes are understood. \n * Improved systems to measure supplier\u2019s production capacity. \n * Recalibrating buyer performance evaluations to include labour standards performance and not just metrics for quality, price and speed of delivery. \n\nUntil apparel brands take responsibility for their own purchasing practices,\nmonitoring and auditing will continue to be a cat and mouse game with little\nor no positive impact and a great deal of wasted resources.\n\nBrands and suppliers need to take a hard look at current buyer purchasing\nmodels and take mutual responsibility to ensure that workers making their\nproducts are treated with dignity and respect as part of their responsibility\nunder the Guiding Principles.\n\nSo ask yourself again:\n\n 1. What is the story behind your product or service? \n 2. Are you proud of that story? \n 3. Would your customer be proud of the story? \n 4. Do you own the story or do others own it for you? \n\n_Sean Ansett is the Founder of[ At Stake Advisors\n](https://www.atstakeadvisors.com/) , a supply chain sustainability and\nstrategy consulting group based in London. He has over 15 years working on\nsupply chain human rights issues and was formally the Director of Global\nPartnerships at Gap Inc., and the Director of Corporate Responsibility at\nBurberry. _\n\n###### News and Views\n\n * [ More Viewpoints ](http://shiftproject.org/category/viewpoints/)\n\n###### Take Action\n\n * Share \n\n * [ Email ](mailto:?subject=Raise%20the%20Curtain%3A%20Human%20Rights%20in%20Retail%20Supply%20Chains &body=https://shiftproject.org/raise-the-curtain-human-rights-in-retail-supply-chains/)\n * [ Twitter ](https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=https://shiftproject.org/raise-the-curtain-human-rights-in-retail-supply-chains/)\n * [ LinkedIn ](https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://shiftproject.org/raise-the-curtain-human-rights-in-retail-supply-chains/)\n\n###### Related work to Raise the Curtain: Human Rights in Retail Supply\nChains\n\n[ ](https://shiftproject.org/resource/esrs-reporting-for-financial-\ninstitutions/)\n\n###### November 2024 | \n\n#### Understanding Impact Materiality: ESRS Reporting for Financial\nInstitutions\n\n[ Learn more ](https://shiftproject.org/resource/esrs-reporting-for-financial-\ninstitutions/)\n\n[ ](https://shiftproject.org/resource/business-and-human-rights-a-primer-for-\ngovernment-mission-personnel/)\n\n###### November 2024 | \n\n#### Business and Human Rights: A Primer for Government Mission Personnel\n\n[ Learn more ](https://shiftproject.org/resource/business-and-human-rights-a-\nprimer-for-government-mission-personnel/)\n\n[ ](https://shiftproject.org/resource/strengthening-the-s-in-esg/)\n\n###### May 2024 | \n\n#### Strengthening the S in ESG\n\n[ Learn more ](https://shiftproject.org/resource/strengthening-the-s-in-esg/)\n\n[ ](https://shiftproject.org/resource/cs3d-faqs/)\n\n###### April 2024 | \n\n#### Frequently Asked Questions about the EU Corporate Sustainability Due\nDiligence Directive\n\n[ Learn more ](https://shiftproject.org/resource/cs3d-faqs/)\n\nThanks for signing up.\n\n###### Like what you\u2019re seeing?\n\n##### Get notified whenever Shift releases a new resource, viewpoint, or\ninsight.\n\n[ ](https://shiftproject.org)\n\nShift is the leading center of expertise on the UN Guiding Principles on\nBusiness and Human Rights\n\n** 462 Seventh Avenue, Floor 6 **\n\nNew York, NY 10018\n\nUnited States\n\n[ ](https://twitter.com/shiftproject) [\n](https://www.linkedin.com/company/shift-project/)\n\n* * *\n\n * [ What We Do ](https://shiftproject.org/what-we-do/)\n * [ Standard Setters ](https://shiftproject.org/what-we-do/standards/)\n * [ Financial Institutions ](https://shiftproject.org/what-we-do/finance/)\n * [ Business Enterprises ](https://shiftproject.org/what-we-do/business/)\n * [ Putting the UNGPs into Practice ](https://shiftproject.org/what-we-do/putting-ungp-into-practice/)\n * [ Human Rights Reporting ](https://shiftproject.org/what-we-do/human-rights-reporting/)\n * [ Valuing Respect ](https://shiftproject.org/what-we-do/valuing-respect/)\n * [ Sustainability and Human Rights ](https://shiftproject.org/what-we-do/sdgs/)\n * [ Sports and Human Rights ](https://shiftproject.org/what-we-do/sports/)\n * [ Who We Are ](https://shiftproject.org/who-we-are/)\n * [ Transparency ](https://shiftproject.org/who-we-are/transparency/)\n * [ Library of Resources ](https://shiftproject.org/resources/)\n * [ Press Room ](https://shiftproject.org/resources/press-room/)\n * [ Putting the UNGPs into Practice ](https://shiftproject.org/what-we-do/putting-ungp-into-practice/)\n * [ Engagements ](https://shiftproject.org/engagements/)\n * [ News & Views ](https://shiftproject.org/news-and-views/)\n * [ News ](https://shiftproject.org/category/news/)\n * [ Viewpoints ](https://shiftproject.org/category/viewpoints/)\n * [ Contact Us ](https://shiftproject.org/contact/)\n * [ FAQs ](https://shiftproject.org/contact/faqs/)\n\n* * *\n\n\u00a9 Copyright 2023 Shift | [ Privacy Policy ](http://shiftproject.org/privacy-policy-2/) | [ Terms of Use ](https://shiftproject.org/terms-of-use/) | Site made in collaboration with [ CMYK ](http://wearecmyk.com)\n\nThis website uses cookies to improve your experience. 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"url": "https://shiftproject.org/raise-the-curtain-human-rights-in-retail-supply-chains/"
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"source": "https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/01/business/economy/solar-xinjiang-china-report.html"
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"summary": "This New York Times article discusses a report on solar supply chains and forced labor in Xinjiang.",
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"source": "https://bhr.stern.nyu.edu/quick-take/what-forced-labor-in-xinjiang-factories-says-about-supply-chains/"
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"page_content": "[ Quick Take ](/quick-takes)\n\n# What Forced Labor in Xinjiang Factories Says about Supply Chains\n\n[ April Gu ](https://bhr.stern.nyu.edu/author/aprilgu/ \"Posts by April Gu\")\n\n###### December 20, 2018\n\nDisturbing reports of forced labor in the Xinjiang region of China have [\ncaptured ](https://www.apnews.com/99016849cddb4b99a048b863b52c28cb) [ recent\n](https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/us-sportswear-traced-to-\nfactory-in-chinas-internment-\ncamps/2018/12/17/a079f988-0244-11e9-958c-0a601226ff6b_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.a6ef2efd8364)\n[ headlines ](https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/16/world/asia/xinjiang-china-\nforced-labor-camps-uighurs.html) . Located in a remote corner of northwest\nChina but bordering eight countries, Xinjiang in its heyday served as the\ncrossroads of the Silk Road trading route. Now, it is playing a far more\nsinister role in the global supply chain. Perhaps as many as hundreds of\nthousands of detainees \u2013 mainly members of Muslim ethnic minority groups \u2013\nhave been compelled by the Chinese government to work in factories in the\nregion, some producing garments. The detainees are being held under the\nauspices of a two-year-long Chinese government campaign to quell separatist\nactivism and alleged terrorist activity. Experts say that more than one\nmillion people have been detained, most for the slightest of perceived\ninfractions. Their wages, if any, and the working conditions in these\nfactories are unknown to outsiders.\n\nAt least some of the clothing from these production lines has ended up being\nsold in the United States and Europe, according to _The New York Times_ and\nother media outlets. This has happened even when the Western brands have used\nthird-party certification programs to investigate Chinese suppliers. While\nimportant, third-party certifiers are not foolproof. Their value depends on\nthe quality of the inspections investigators are able to carry out and the\naccess they gain to the factory floor.\n\nThe U.S. banned imports made with forced labor in 1930. Unfortunately,\nenforcement requires first-hand knowledge and traceability of the product back\nto its origin, both of which are extremely rare, especially in a place like\nXinjiang. No journalists or observers are allowed to visit the detainees in\nthese factories. The Chinese government has said publicly that it is providing\nmuch-needed job training in an economically depressed area, a claim that has\nbeen met with skepticism by the United States and other countries. But even as\nU.S. legislators from both sides of the aisle [ denounce China\u2019s detention\n](https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/14/world/asia/congress-uighurs-china-\ndetention.html) policy, the products of that confined workforce have still\nmanaged to trickle onto U.S. shores.\n\nThis situation illustrates just how complex and opaque apparel supply chains\ncan be. As Western brands and retailers search for increased efficiency and\never-lower costs, it\u2019s become routine for multiple factories located across\nnumerous borders to work on any item of clothing before it hits the store. The\ncloth may come from one country, the buttons from another; these items may be\nshipped to a third location to be sewn together. Apparel companies struggle to\nmanage their supply chains as they grow longer and more distant.\n\nIn Bangladesh, for example, [ o\n](http://www.stern.nyu.edu/sites/default/files/assets/documents/con_047408.pdf)\n[ ur research\n](http://www.stern.nyu.edu/sites/default/files/assets/documents/con_047408.pdf)\nhas found that subcontracting is a critical part of the business model for\nhigh-volume, low-cost clothing production. Turning a blind eye to this routine\npractice [ has resulted in tragic consequences\n](https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2017/04/24/four-years-\nafter-one-of-the-worst-industrial-accidents-ever-what-have-we-\nlearned/?utm_term=.45c7d2c72521) . We have also found that, despite claims\nthat certain Bangladeshi factories serve only local or regional consumers,\ntheir products end up in the international marketplace. Drawing a line around\na factory and deeming it exempt from certain safety or labor standards because\nit ostensibly does not export is an ineffective strategy to uphold workers\u2019\nrights.\n\nThe arbitrary detention policy of Uighurs, Kazakhs, and other minority groups\nin Xinjiang should be stopped and forced-labor factories shut down. But the\nreports of forced labor and other human rights abuses in China, sadly, are not\nnew. These intractable problems have plagued global supply chains for decades.\nIndeed, creating a transparent supply chain that respects human rights can be\na daunting task even with greater oversight. No single company can tackle the\nissue on its own. Other stakeholders that have been benefiting from the global\nsystem of production should also play important roles. Multi-stakeholder\ngroups such as the [ Fair Labor Association ](http://www.fairlabor.org/) are\ncritical players on the front-lines of eradicating forced labor. We believe\nthat a s [ hared responsibility\n](http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GAC_Supply_Chains_%20A_New_Paradigm_2015.pdf)\napproach, in which all of the key stakeholders \u2013 including governments,\nmultilateral organizations, civil society members, suppliers, factory owners,\nand apparel companies \u2013 work together to take responsibility and collaborate\nis the lasting path forward.\n\n[ Global Labor ](/category/global-labor)\n\n### Related\n\n[ See all ](/quick-takes)\n\n[ ](https://bhr.stern.nyu.edu/quick-take/aba-backs-human-rights-mediation-for-\ndevelopment-projects/)\n\n[ Quick Take ](/quick-takes)\n\nFebruary 18, 2025\n\n##### [ ABA Backs Human Rights Mediation for Development Projects\n](https://bhr.stern.nyu.edu/quick-take/aba-backs-human-rights-mediation-for-\ndevelopment-projects/)\n\n###### [ ABA Backs Human Rights Mediation for Development Projects\n](https://bhr.stern.nyu.edu/quick-take/aba-backs-human-rights-mediation-for-\ndevelopment-projects/)\n\nFebruary 18, 2025\n\n[ ](https://bhr.stern.nyu.edu/quick-take/how-the-french-sports-retailer-\ndecathlon-can-learn-from-crisis/)\n\n[ Quick Take ](/quick-takes)\n\nFebruary 13, 2025\n\n##### [ How the French Sports Retailer Decathlon Can Learn from Crisis\n](https://bhr.stern.nyu.edu/quick-take/how-the-french-sports-retailer-\ndecathlon-can-learn-from-crisis/)\n\n###### [ How the French Sports Retailer Decathlon Can Learn from Crisis\n](https://bhr.stern.nyu.edu/quick-take/how-the-french-sports-retailer-\ndecathlon-can-learn-from-crisis/)\n\nFebruary 13, 2025\n\n[ ](https://bhr.stern.nyu.edu/quick-take/how-to-make-the-most-of-a-flawed-\nswiss-national-action-plan/)\n\n[ Quick Take ](/quick-takes)\n\nJanuary 17, 2025\n\n##### [ How to Make the Most of a Flawed Swiss National Action Plan\n](https://bhr.stern.nyu.edu/quick-take/how-to-make-the-most-of-a-flawed-swiss-\nnational-action-plan/)\n\n###### [ How to Make the Most of a Flawed Swiss National Action Plan\n](https://bhr.stern.nyu.edu/quick-take/how-to-make-the-most-of-a-flawed-swiss-\nnational-action-plan/)\n\nJanuary 17, 2025\n\n[ ](https://bhr.stern.nyu.edu/quick-take/a-holiday-season-wish-list-for-\nadvancing-business-and-human-rights-in-2025/)\n\n[ Quick Take ](/quick-takes)\n\nDecember 17, 2024\n\n##### [ A Holiday Season Wish List for Advancing Business and Human Rights in\n2025 ](https://bhr.stern.nyu.edu/quick-take/a-holiday-season-wish-list-for-\nadvancing-business-and-human-rights-in-2025/)\n\n###### [ A Holiday Season Wish List for Advancing Business and Human Rights\nin 2025 ](https://bhr.stern.nyu.edu/quick-take/a-holiday-season-wish-list-for-\nadvancing-business-and-human-rights-in-2025/)\n\nDecember 17, 2024\n\n[ ](/ \"NYU Stern\")\n\n[ LinkedIn ](https://www.linkedin.com/company/cbhr/)\n\nCopyright \u00a9 2025 NYU Stern Center for Business and Human Rights. All Rights\nReserved.\n\nDesign & Development by [ Partner & Partners ](https://partnerandpartners.com)\n\n",
"url": "https://bhr.stern.nyu.edu/quick-take/what-forced-labor-in-xinjiang-factories-says-about-supply-chains/"
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"url": "https://bhr.stern.nyu.edu/quick-take/what-forced-labor-in-xinjiang-factories-says-about-supply-chains/"
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"source": "https://www.csis.org/analysis/connecting-dots-xinjiang-forced-labor-forced-assimilation-and-western-supply-chains"
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"page_content": "Skip to main content\n\n# Connecting the Dots in Xinjiang: Forced Labor, Forced Assimilation, and\nWestern Supply Chains\n\nPhoto: shotsstudio/Adobe Stock\n\n## Table of Contents\n\n * [ ](https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.csis.org/analysis/connecting-dots-xinjiang-forced-labor-forced-assimilation-and-western-supply-chains)\n * [ ](https://x.com/intent/post?url=https://www.csis.org/analysis/connecting-dots-xinjiang-forced-labor-forced-assimilation-and-western-supply-chains)\n * [ ](https://www.linkedin.com/sharing/share-offsite/?url=https://www.csis.org/analysis/connecting-dots-xinjiang-forced-labor-forced-assimilation-and-western-supply-chains)\n * [ ](mailto:?subject=Page from CSIS.org&body=https://www.csis.org/analysis/connecting-dots-xinjiang-forced-labor-forced-assimilation-and-western-supply-chains)\n * [ ](javascript:window.print\\(\\))\n\n[ Report ](/taxonomy/term/3013) by [ Amy K. Lehr ](/people/amy-k-lehr) and\nEfthimia Maria (\u201cMariefaye\u201d) Bechrakis\n\nPublished October 16, 2019\n\n### Available Downloads\n\n * [ Download the Full Report 1885kb ](https://csis-website-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/publication/Lehr_ConnectingDotsXinjiang_interior_v3_FULL_WEB.pdf)\n\n[ Watch Testimony ](https://www.csis.org/analysis/forced-labor-xinjiang-and-\nimplications-global-supply-chains)\n\nThe Chinese government has detained and \u201creeducated\u201d more than one million\nUyghurs and other Muslim ethnic and religious minorities in Xinjiang in an\neffort to fully secure and control the population there. It is believed to be\nthe largest-scale detention of religious minorities since World War II. Forced\nlabor has now become an integral part of the government\u2019s efforts to\n\u201creeducate\u201d Muslim minorities. This forced labor is connected to Western\nsupply chains and consumers, as Xinjiang produces over 80 percent of China\u2019s\ncotton. The United States in turn imports more than 30 percent of its apparel\nfrom China. This report focuses on what we know about forced labor in Xinjiang\nand how it connects to Western supply chains. It also identifies actions that\nare most likely to improve the situation.\n\n* * *\n\n_This report is made possible by general support to CSIS. No direct\nsponsorship contributed to this report._\n\n* * *\n\n* * *\n\n#### Tags\n\n[ China ](/regions/asia/china) , [ Trade and International Business\n](/topics/trade-and-international-business) , and [ Human Rights\n](/topics/human-rights)\n\n * [ ](https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.csis.org/analysis/connecting-dots-xinjiang-forced-labor-forced-assimilation-and-western-supply-chains)\n * [ ](https://x.com/intent/post?url=https://www.csis.org/analysis/connecting-dots-xinjiang-forced-labor-forced-assimilation-and-western-supply-chains)\n * [ ](https://www.linkedin.com/sharing/share-offsite/?url=https://www.csis.org/analysis/connecting-dots-xinjiang-forced-labor-forced-assimilation-and-western-supply-chains)\n * [ ](mailto:?subject=Page from CSIS.org&body=https://www.csis.org/analysis/connecting-dots-xinjiang-forced-labor-forced-assimilation-and-western-supply-chains)\n * [ ](javascript:window.print\\(\\))\n\nImage\n\n[ ](/people/amy-k-lehr)\n\n### [ Amy K. Lehr ](/people/amy-k-lehr)\n\nSenior Associate (Non-resident), Human Rights Initiative\n\n### Efthimia Maria (\u201cMariefaye\u201d) Bechrakis\n\n### Programs & Projects\n\n * [ Human Rights Initiative ](/programs/human-rights-initiative)\n * [ Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region ](/programs/human-rights-initiative/focus-areas/responding-egregious-human-rights-abuses/xinjiang)\n\n[ ](/)\n\nCenter for Strategic and International Studies \n \n1616 Rhode Island Avenue, NW \n \nWashington, DC 20036\n\nTel: 202.887.0200 \n \nFax: 202.775.3199\n\n### Media Inquiries\n\n * [ H. Andrew Schwartz ](/people/h-andrew-schwartz)\n * Chief Communications Officer \n * [ 202.775.3242 ](tel:2027753242)\n * [ aschwartz@csis.org ](mailto:aschwartz@csis.org)\n\n * [ Samuel Cestari ](/people/samuel-cestari)\n * Media Relations Coordinator, External Relations \n * [ 202.775.7317 ](tel:2027757317)\n * [ scestari@csis.org ](mailto:scestari@csis.org)\n\nSee [ Media Page ](/about/press-media) for more interview, contact, and\ncitation details.\n\nSign up to receive The Evening, a daily brief on the news, events, and people\nshaping the world of international affairs.\n\n[ Subscribe to CSIS Newsletters ](/subscribe)\n\n\u00a92025 Center for Strategic & International Studies. All Rights Reserved.\n\n",
"url": "https://www.csis.org/analysis/connecting-dots-xinjiang-forced-labor-forced-assimilation-and-western-supply-chains"
},
"reason": "The Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) is a reputable think tank. This analysis connects forced labor and forced assimilation in Xinjiang to Western supply chains.",
"reliability_score": 0.8,
"search_query": "company 'Cowboy' supply chain human rights",
"summary": "This analysis from CSIS connects forced labor and forced assimilation in Xinjiang to Western supply chains.",
"url": "https://www.csis.org/analysis/connecting-dots-xinjiang-forced-labor-forced-assimilation-and-western-supply-chains"
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"page_content": "[ ](/core/ \"Cambridge Core homepage\")\n\n[ ](/core/ \"Cambridge Core homepage\")\n\n* * *\n\nMenu links\n\n 1. Browse \n 1. Subjects \n 1. Subjects (A-D) \n 1. [ Anthropology ](/core/browse-subjects/anthropology)\n 2. [ Archaeology ](/core/browse-subjects/archaeology)\n 3. [ Area Studies ](/core/browse-subjects/area-studies)\n 4. [ Art ](/core/browse-subjects/art)\n 5. [ Chemistry ](/core/browse-subjects/chemistry)\n 6. [ Classical Studies ](/core/browse-subjects/classical-studies)\n 7. [ Computer Science ](/core/browse-subjects/computer-science)\n 8. [ Drama, Theatre, Performance Studies ](/core/browse-subjects/drama-and-theatre)\n 2. Subjects (E-K) \n 1. [ Earth and Environmental Science ](/core/browse-subjects/earth-and-environmental-sciences)\n 2. [ Economics ](/core/browse-subjects/economics)\n 3. [ Education ](/core/browse-subjects/education)\n 4. [ Engineering ](/core/browse-subjects/engineering)\n 5. 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[ Research open journals ](/core/publications/open-access/research-open?aggs\\[productTypes\\]\\[filters\\]=JOURNAL&statuses=PUBLISHED&sort=titleSort:asc)\n 4. [ Journals containing open access ](/core/publications/open-access/hybrid-open-access-journals?aggs\\[productTypes\\]\\[filters\\]=JOURNAL&statuses=PUBLISHED&sort=titleSort:asc)\n 5. [ Open access articles ](/core/publications/open-access/listing?aggs\\[productTypes\\]\\[filters\\]=JOURNAL_ARTICLE)\n 6. [ Open access books ](/core/publications/open-access/listing?aggs\\[productTypes\\]\\[filters\\]=BOOK&sort=canonical.date:desc)\n 7. [ Open access Elements ](/core/publications/elements/published-elements?aggs%5BopenAccess%5D%5Bfilters%5D=7275BA1E84CA769210167A6A66523B47&aggs%5BproductTypes%5D%5Bfilters%5D=ELEMENT&searchWithinIds=ECFD8F5C64F47F3F5A3D395C15B7C493)\n 3. Journals \n 1. Explore \n 1. [ All journal subjects ](/core/publications/journals)\n 2. [ Search journals ](/core/publications/journals)\n 2. Open access \n 1. [ Open access journals ](/core/publications/open-access/listing?aggs\\[productTypes\\]\\[filters\\]=JOURNAL&statuses=PUBLISHED&sort=titleSort:asc)\n 2. [ Research open journals ](/core/publications/open-access/research-open?aggs\\[productTypes\\]\\[filters\\]=JOURNAL&statuses=PUBLISHED&sort=titleSort:asc)\n 3. [ Journals containing open access ](/core/publications/open-access/hybrid-open-access-journals?aggs\\[productTypes\\]\\[filters\\]=JOURNAL&statuses=PUBLISHED&sort=titleSort:asc)\n 4. [ Open access articles ](/core/publications/open-access/listing?aggs\\[productTypes\\]\\[filters\\]=JOURNAL_ARTICLE)\n 3. Collections \n 1. [ Cambridge Forum ](/core/publications/collections/cambridge-forum)\n 2. [ Cambridge Law Reports Collection ](/core/publications/collections/cambridge-law-reports-collection)\n 3. [ Cambridge Prisms ](/core/publications/collections/cambridge-prisms)\n 4. [ Research Directions ](/core/publications/collections/research-directions)\n 4. Books \n 1. Explore \n 1. [ Books ](/core/publications/books)\n 2. [ Open access books ](/core/publications/open-access/listing?aggs\\[productTypes\\]\\[filters\\]=BOOK&sort=canonical.date:desc)\n 3. [ New books ](/core/publications/books/listing?aggs\\[productDate\\]\\[filters\\]=Last+3+months&aggs\\[productTypes\\]\\[filters\\]=BOOK&sort=canonical.date:desc)\n 4. [ Flip it Open ](/core/publications/collections/flip-it-open)\n 2. Collections \n 1. [ Cambridge Companions ](/core/publications/collections/cambridge-companions)\n 2. [ Cambridge Editions ](/core/publications/collections/cambridge-editions)\n 3. [ Cambridge Histories ](/core/publications/collections/cambridge-histories)\n 4. [ Cambridge Library Collection ](/core/publications/collections/cambridge-library-collection)\n 5. [ Cambridge Shakespeare ](/core/publications/collections/cambridge-shakespeare)\n 6. [ Cambridge Handbooks ](/core/publications/collections/cambridgehandbooks)\n 3. Collections (cont.) \n 1. [ Dispute Settlement Reports Online ](/core/publications/collections/dispute-settlement-reports-online)\n 2. [ Flip it Open ](/core/publications/collections/flip-it-open)\n 3. [ Hemingway Letters ](/core/publications/collections/hemingway-letters)\n 4. [ Shakespeare Survey ](/core/publications/collections/shakespeare-survey)\n 5. [ Stahl Online ](/core/publications/collections/stahl-online)\n 6. [ The Correspondence of Isaac Newton ](/core/publications/collections/the-correspondence-of-isaac-newton)\n 5. Elements \n 1. Explore \n 1. [ About Elements ](/core/publications/elements)\n 2. [ Elements series ](/core/publications/elements/cambridge-elements-series)\n 3. [ Open access Elements ](/core/publications/elements/published-elements?aggs%5BopenAccess%5D%5Bfilters%5D=7275BA1E84CA769210167A6A66523B47&aggs%5BproductTypes%5D%5Bfilters%5D=ELEMENT&searchWithinIds=ECFD8F5C64F47F3F5A3D395C15B7C493)\n 4. [ New Elements ](/core/publications/elements/published-elements?aggs%5BproductTypes%5D%5Bfilters%5D=ELEMENT&aggs%5BproductDate%5D%5Bfilters%5D=Last%203%20months&searchWithinIds=ECFD8F5C64F47F3F5A3D395C15B7C493)\n 2. Subjects (A-E) \n 1. [ Anthropology ](/core/elements/subject/Anthropology/2E44A5AF2838E017617A26DD79FAEAEE)\n 2. [ Archaeology ](/core/elements/subject/Archaeology/63A50B5368A9F97F8AA2D6AB965B5F4C)\n 3. [ Classical Studies ](/core/elements/subject/Classical%20Studies/DDC63B7F5792FE2A95D1FB15F76E3F42)\n 4. [ Computer Science ](/core/elements/subject/Computer%20Science/A57E10708F64FB69CE78C81A5C2A6555)\n 5. [ Drama, Theatre, Performance Studies ](/core/elements/subject/Drama,%20Theatre,%20Performance%20Studies/2825E4E39F2D641B36543EE80FB1DEA3)\n 6. [ Earth and Environmental Sciences ](/core/elements/subject/Earth%20and%20Environmental%20Sciences/F470FBF5683D93478C7CAE5A30EF9AE8)\n 7. [ Economics ](/core/elements/subject/Economics/FA44491F1F55F917C43E9832715B9DE7)\n 8. [ Education ](/core/elements/subject/Education/550D00F8DF590F2598CF7CC0038E24D1)\n 9. [ Engineering ](/core/elements/subject/Engineering/CCC62FE56DCC1D050CA1340C1CCF46F5)\n 3. Subjects (F-O) \n 1. [ Film, Media, Mass Communication ](/core/elements/subject/Film,%20Media,%20Mass%20Communication/4B91F10E834814A90CE718E7831E492F)\n 2. [ History ](/core/elements/subject/History/66BE42A30172E280FDE64F8EE2F485B0)\n 3. [ Language and Linguistics ](/core/elements/subject/Language%20and%20Linguistics/140D314098408C26BDF3009F7FF858E9)\n 4. [ Law ](/core/elements/subject/Law/7C9FB6788DD8D7E6696263BC774F4D5B)\n 5. [ Life Sciences ](/core/elements/subject/Life%20Sciences/E044EF2F61B601378786E9EDA901B2D5)\n 6. [ Literature ](/core/elements/subject/Literature/F2434ADC122145767C6C3B988A8E9BD5)\n 7. [ Management ](/core/elements/subject/Management/0EDCC0540639B06A5669BDEEF50C4CBE)\n 8. [ Mathematics ](/core/elements/subject/Mathematics/FA1467C44B5BD46BB8AA6E58C2252153)\n 9. [ Medicine ](/core/elements/subject/Medicine/66FF02B2A4F83D9A645001545197F287)\n 10. [ Music ](/core/elements/subject/Music/A370B5604591CB3C7F9AFD892DDF7BD1)\n 4. Subjects (P-Z) \n 1. [ Philosophy ](/core/elements/subject/Philosophy/2D1AC3C0E174F1F1A93F8C7DE19E0FAB)\n 2. [ Physics and Astronomy ](/core/elements/subject/Physics%20and%20Astronomy/DBFB610E9FC5E012C011430C0573CC06)\n 3. [ Politics and International Relations ](/core/elements/subject/Politics%20and%20International%20Relations/3BF83347E5E456DAC34F3FABFC8BBF4E)\n 4. [ Psychology ](/core/elements/subject/Psychology/21B42A72BA3E4CB0E3315E5B1B71B07F)\n 5. [ Religion ](/core/elements/subject/Religion/53E51D24FB488962B9364A2C4B45D1C3)\n 6. [ Sociology ](/core/elements/subject/Sociology/0E2CD53A93003DF17E52D753F6E90683)\n 7. [ Statistics and Probability ](/core/elements/subject/Statistics%20and%20Probability/3150B8B0D1B0B4E8DC17EC9EDFD9CA26)\n 6. Textbooks \n 1. Explore \n 1. [ Cambridge Higher Education ](/highereducation/)\n 2. [ Title list ](/highereducation/services/librarians/title-list)\n 3. [ New titles ](/highereducation/search?sortBy=publication_date&aggs=%24productDate%24Last%25206%2520months%3Atrue%26Last%252012%2520months%3Atrue%26Last%25203%2520years%3Atrue%26Over%25203%2520years%3Atrue%3B%3B&event=SE-AU_PREF)\n 7. Collections \n 1. Book collections \n 1. [ Cambridge Companions ](/core/publications/collections/cambridge-companions)\n 2. [ Cambridge Editions ](/core/publications/collections/cambridge-editions)\n 3. [ Cambridge Histories ](/core/publications/collections/cambridge-histories)\n 4. [ Cambridge Library Collection ](/core/publications/collections/cambridge-library-collection)\n 5. [ Cambridge Shakespeare ](/core/publications/collections/cambridge-shakespeare)\n 6. [ Cambridge Handbooks ](/core/publications/collections/cambridgehandbooks)\n 2. Book collections (cont.) \n 1. [ Dispute Settlement Reports Online ](/core/publications/collections/dispute-settlement-reports-online)\n 2. [ Flip it Open ](/core/publications/collections/flip-it-open)\n 3. [ Hemingway Letters ](/core/publications/collections/hemingway-letters)\n 4. [ Shakespeare Survey ](/core/publications/collections/shakespeare-survey)\n 5. [ Stahl Online ](/core/publications/collections/stahl-online)\n 6. [ The Correspondence of Isaac Newton ](/core/publications/collections/the-correspondence-of-isaac-newton)\n 3. Journal collections \n 1. [ Cambridge Forum ](/core/publications/collections/cambridge-forum)\n 2. [ Cambridge Law Reports Collection ](/core/publications/collections/cambridge-law-reports-collection)\n 3. [ Cambridge Prisms ](/core/publications/collections/cambridge-prisms)\n 4. [ Research Directions ](/core/publications/collections/research-directions)\n 4. Series \n 1. [ All series ](/core/publications/collections/series)\n 8. Partners \n 1. Partners \n 1. [ Agenda Publishing ](/core/publications/publishing-partners/agenda-publishing)\n 2. [ Amsterdam University Press ](/core/publications/publishing-partners/amsterdam-university-press)\n 3. [ Anthem Press ](/core/publications/publishing-partners/anthem-press)\n 4. [ Boydell & Brewer ](/core/publications/publishing-partners/boydell-brewer)\n 5. [ Bristol University Press ](/core/publications/publishing-partners/bristol-university-press)\n 6. [ Edinburgh University Press ](/core/publications/publishing-partners/edinburgh-university-press)\n 7. [ Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research ](/core/publications/publishing-partners/emirates-center)\n 8. [ Facet Publishing ](/core/publications/publishing-partners/facet-publishing)\n 2. Partners (cont.) \n 1. [ Foundation Books ](/core/publications/publishing-partners/foundation-books)\n 2. [ Intersentia ](/core/publications/publishing-partners/intersentia)\n 3. [ ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute ](/core/publications/publishing-partners/iseas)\n 4. [ Jagiellonian University Press ](/core/publications/publishing-partners/jagiellonian-university-press)\n 5. [ Royal Economic Society ](/core/publications/publishing-partners/royal-economic-society)\n 6. [ Unisa Press ](/core/publications/publishing-partners/unisa-press)\n 7. [ The University of Adelaide Press ](/core/publications/publishing-partners/university-adelaide-press)\n 8. [ Wits University Press ](/core/publications/publishing-partners/wits-university-press)\n 2. Services \n 1. About \n 1. About Cambridge Core \n 1. [ About ](/core/services/about/about)\n 2. [ Accessibility ](/core/services/about/accessibility)\n 3. [ CrossMark policy ](/core/services/about/crossmark-policy)\n 4. [ Ethical Standards ](/core/services/about/ethical-standards)\n 2. Environment and sustainability \n 1. [ Environment and sustainability ](/core/services/about/environment-and-sustainability)\n 2. [ Reducing print ](/core/services/about/reducing-print)\n 3. [ Journals moving to online only ](/core/services/about/journals-moving-to-online-only)\n 3. Guides \n 1. [ User guides ](/core/services/about/user-guides)\n 2. [ User Guides and Videos ](/core/services/about/user-guides-and-videos)\n 3. [ Support Videos ](/core/services/about/support-videos)\n 4. [ Training ](/core/services/about/training)\n 4. Help \n 1. [ Cambridge Core help ](https://corehelp.cambridge.org/)\n 2. [ Contact us ](https://corehelp.cambridge.org/hc/en-gb/p/contact-information)\n 3. [ Technical support ](https://corehelp.cambridge.org/hc/en-gb/requests/new)\n 2. Agents \n 1. Services for agents \n 1. [ Services for agents ](/core/services/agents/services-for-agents)\n 2. [ Journals for agents ](/core/services/agents/journals-for-agents)\n 3. [ Books for agents ](/core/services/agents/books-for-agents)\n 4. [ Price list ](/core/services/agents/price-list)\n 3. Authors \n 1. Journals \n 1. [ Journals ](/core/services/authors/journals)\n 2. [ Journal publishing statistics ](/core/services/authors/journal-publishing-statistics)\n 3. [ Corresponding author ](/core/services/authors/corresponding-author)\n 4. [ Seeking permission to use copyrighted material ](/core/services/authors/seeking-permission-to-use-copyrighted-material)\n 5. [ Publishing supplementary material ](/core/services/authors/publishing-supplementary-material)\n 6. [ Writing an effective abstract ](/core/services/authors/writing-an-effective-abstract)\n 7. [ Journal production - FAQs ](/core/services/authors/journal-production-faqs)\n 2. Journals (cont.) \n 1. [ Author affiliations ](/core/services/authors/author-affiliations)\n 2. [ Co-reviewing policy ](/core/services/authors/co-reviewing-policy)\n 3. [ Digital Author Publishing Agreement - FAQs ](/core/services/authors/digital-author-publishing-agreement-faqs)\n 4. [ Anonymising your manuscript ](/core/services/authors/anonymising-your-manuscript)\n 5. [ Publishing open access ](/core/services/authors/publishing-open-access)\n 6. [ Converting your article to open access ](/core/services/authors/converting-your-article-to-open-access)\n 7. [ Publishing Open Access - webinars ](/core/services/authors/publishing-open-access-webinars)\n 3. Journals (cont.) \n 1. [ Preparing and submitting your paper ](/core/services/authors/preparing-and-submitting-your-paper)\n 2. [ Publishing an accepted paper ](/core/services/authors/publishing-an-accepted-paper)\n 3. [ Promoting your published paper ](/core/services/authors/promoting-your-published-paper)\n 4. [ Measuring impact ](/core/services/authors/measuring-impact)\n 5. [ Journals artwork guide ](/core/services/authors/journals-artwork-guide)\n 6. [ Using ORCID ](/core/services/authors/using-orcid)\n 4. Books \n 1. [ Books ](/core/services/authors/books)\n 2. [ Marketing your book ](/core/services/authors/marketing-your-book)\n 3. [ Author guides for Cambridge Elements ](/core/services/authors/elements-user-guides)\n 4. Corporates \n 1. Corporates \n 1. [ Commercial reprints ](/core/services/corporates/commercial-reprints)\n 2. [ Advertising ](/core/services/corporates/advertising)\n 3. [ Sponsorship ](/core/services/corporates/sponsorship)\n 4. [ Book special sales ](/core/services/corporates/book-special-sales)\n 5. [ Contact us ](/core/services/corporates/contact-us)\n 5. Editors \n 1. Information \n 1. [ Journal development ](/core/services/editors/journal-development)\n 2. [ Peer review for editors ](/core/services/editors/peer-review-for-editors)\n 3. [ Open access for editors ](/core/services/editors/open-access-for-editors)\n 4. [ Policies and guidelines ](/core/services/editors/policies-and-guidelines)\n 2. Resources \n 1. [ The editor's role ](/core/services/editors/the-editors-role)\n 2. [ Open research for editors ](/core/services/editors/open-research-for-editors)\n 3. [ Engagement and promotion ](/core/services/editors/engagement-and-promotion)\n 4. [ Blogging ](/core/services/editors/blogging)\n 5. [ Social media ](/core/services/editors/social-media)\n 6. Librarians \n 1. Information \n 1. [ Open Access for Librarians ](/core/services/librarians/open-access-for-librarians)\n 2. [ Transformative agreements ](https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/open-access-policies/read-and-publish-agreements)\n 3. [ Transformative Agreements - FAQs ](/core/services/librarians/transformative-agreements-faqs)\n 4. [ Evidence based acquisition ](/core/services/librarians/evidence-based-acquisition)\n 5. [ ebook news & updates ](/core/services/librarians/ebook-news-and-updates)\n 6. [ Cambridge libraries of the world podcast ](/core/services/librarians/cambridge-libraries-of-the-world-podcast)\n 7. [ Purchasing models ](/core/services/librarians/purchasing-models)\n 8. [ Journals Publishing Updates ](/core/services/librarians/journals-publishing-updates)\n 2. Products \n 1. [ Cambridge frontlist ](/core/services/librarians/cambridge-frontlist)\n 2. [ Cambridge journals digital archive ](/core/services/librarians/cambridge-journals-digital-archive)\n 3. [ Hot topics ](/core/services/librarians/hot-topics)\n 4. [ Other digital products ](/core/services/librarians/other-digital-products)\n 5. [ Perpetual access products ](/core/services/librarians/perpetual-access-products)\n 6. [ Price list ](/core/services/librarians/price-list)\n 7. [ Developing country programme ](/core/services/librarians/developing-country-programme)\n 8. [ New content ](/core/services/librarians/new-content)\n 3. Tools \n 1. [ Eligibility checker ](/core/eligibility-checker)\n 2. [ Transformative agreements ](https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/open-access-policies/read-and-publish-agreements)\n 3. [ KBART ](https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/librarians/kbart)\n 4. [ MARC records ](https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/librarians/marc-records)\n 5. [ Using MARCEdit for MARC records ](/core/services/librarians/using-marcedit-for-marc-records)\n 6. [ Inbound OpenURL specifications ](/core/services/librarians/inbound-openurl-specifications)\n 7. [ COUNTER usage reporting ](/core/services/librarians/counter-usage-reporting)\n 4. Resources \n 1. [ Catalogues and resources ](/core/services/librarians/catalogues-and-resources)\n 2. [ Making the most of your EBA ](/core/services/librarians/making-the-most-of-your-eba)\n 3. [ Posters ](/core/services/librarians/posters)\n 4. [ Leaflets and brochures ](/core/services/librarians/leaflets-and-brochures)\n 5. [ Additional resources ](/core/services/librarians/additional-resources)\n 6. [ Find my sales contact ](/core/services/librarians/find-my-sales-contact)\n 7. [ Webinars ](/core/services/librarians/webinars)\n 8. [ Read and publish resources ](/core/services/librarians/read-and-publish-resources)\n 7. Peer review \n 1. Peer review \n 1. [ How to peer review journal articles ](/core/services/peer-review/how-to-peer-review-journal-articles)\n 2. [ How to peer review book proposals ](/core/services/peer-review/how-to-peer-review-book-proposals)\n 3. [ How to peer review Registered Reports ](/core/services/peer-review/how-to-peer-review-registered-reports)\n 4. [ Peer review FAQs ](/core/services/peer-review/peer-review-faqs)\n 5. [ Ethics in peer review ](/core/services/peer-review/ethics-in-peer-review)\n 6. [ Online peer review systems ](/core/services/peer-review/online-peer-review-systems)\n 7. [ A guide to Publons ](/core/services/peer-review/a-guide-to-publons)\n 8. Publishing ethics \n 1. Journals \n 1. [ Publishing ethics guidelines for journals ](/core/services/publishing-ethics/publishing-ethics-guidelines-journals)\n 2. [ Core editorial policies for journals ](/core/services/publishing-ethics/core-editorial-policies-journals)\n 3. [ Authorship and contributorship for journals ](/core/services/publishing-ethics/authorship-and-contributorship-journals)\n 4. [ Affiliations for journals ](/core/services/publishing-ethics/affiliations-journals)\n 5. [ Research ethics for journals ](/core/services/publishing-ethics/research-ethics-journals)\n 6. [ Competing interests and funding for journals ](/core/services/publishing-ethics/competing-interests-and-funding-journals)\n 2. Journals (cont.) \n 1. [ Data and supporting evidence for journals ](/core/services/publishing-ethics/data-and-supporting-evidence-for-journals)\n 2. [ Misconduct for journals ](/core/services/publishing-ethics/misconduct-journals)\n 3. [ Corrections, retractions and removals for journals ](/core/services/publishing-ethics/corrections-retractions-and-removals-journals)\n 4. [ Versions and adaptations for journals ](/core/services/publishing-ethics/versions-and-adaptations-journals)\n 5. [ Libel, defamation and freedom of expression ](/core/services/publishing-ethics/libel-defamation-and-freedom-of-expression)\n 6. [ Business ethics journals ](/core/services/publishing-ethics/business-ethics-journals)\n 3. Books \n 1. [ Publishing ethics guidelines for books ](/core/services/publishing-ethics/publishing-ethics-guidelines-books)\n 2. [ Core editorial policies for books ](/core/services/publishing-ethics/core-editorial-policies-books)\n 3. [ Authorship and contributorship for books ](/core/services/publishing-ethics/authorship-and-contributorship-books)\n 4. [ Affiliations for books ](/core/services/publishing-ethics/affiliations-books)\n 5. [ Research ethics for books ](/core/services/publishing-ethics/research-ethics-books)\n 6. [ Competing interests and funding for books ](/core/services/publishing-ethics/competing-interests-and-funding-books)\n 4. Books (cont.) \n 1. 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[ Journal publishing partnerships ](/core/services/publishing-partners/journal-publishing-partnerships)\n 2. Publishing partners (cont.) \n 1. [ Journals publishing ](/core/services/publishing-partners/journals-publishing)\n 2. [ Customer support ](/core/services/publishing-partners/customer-support)\n 3. [ Membership Services ](/core/services/publishing-partners/membership-services)\n 4. [ Our Team ](/core/services/publishing-partners/our-team)\n 3. Open research \n 1. Open access policies \n 1. Open access policies \n 1. [ Open research ](/core/services/open-research-policies/open-research)\n 2. [ Open access policies ](/core/services/open-research-policies/open-access-policies)\n 3. [ Cambridge University Press and Plan S ](/core/services/open-research-policies/cambridge-university-press-and-plan-s)\n 4. [ Text and data mining ](/core/services/open-research-policies/text-and-data-mining)\n 5. [ Preprint policy ](/core/services/open-research-policies/preprint-policy)\n 6. 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[ APSA Preprints FAQs ](/core/services/cambridge-open-engage/engage-apsa-preprints-faqs)\n\nHostname: page-component-f554764f5-wjqwx Total loading time: 0 Render date:\n2025-04-08T22:03:28.666Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false\n\n * [ Home ](/core)\n * > [ Journals ](/core/publications/journals)\n * > [ Business and Human Rights Journal ](/core/journals/business-and-human-rights-journal)\n * > [ Volume 6 Issue 1 ](/core/journals/business-and-human-rights-journal/issue/CC921270B4F6A6BAF4820258ECD94341)\n * > Wages: An Overlooked Dimension of Business and Human... \n\n * English \n * Fran\u00e7ais \n\n[ Business and Human Rights Journal ](/core/journals/business-and-human-\nrights-journal)\n\n* * *\n\n## Article contents\n\n * Abstract \n * Footnotes \n * References \n\n# Wages: An Overlooked Dimension of Business and Human Rights in Global\nSupply Chains\n\nPublished online by Cambridge University Press: **14 January 2021**\n\n[ Genevieve LEBARON\n](/core/search?filters%5BauthorTerms%5D=Genevieve%20LEBARON&eventCode=SE-AU) [\n[Opens in a new window] ](https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0083-6126)\n\n* * *\n\n * Article \n * Metrics \n\nArticle contents\n\n * Abstract \n * Footnotes \n * References \n\nGet access\n\n[ Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]\n](https://s100.copyright.com/AppDispatchServlet?publisherName=CUP&publication=BHJ&title=Wages%3A%20An%20Overlooked%20Dimension%20of%20Business%20and%20Human%20Rights%20in%20Global%20Supply%20Chains&publicationDate=14%20January%202021&author=Genevieve%20LEBARON\u00a9right=%C2%A9%20The%20Author\\(s\\)%202021.%20Published%20by%20Cambridge%20University%20Press&contentID=10.1017%2Fbhj.2020.32&startPage=1&endPage=20&orderBeanReset=True&volumeNum=6&issueNum=1&oa=)\n\n* * *\n\n## Abstract\n\nWages \u2013 the monetary payments that workers receive from employers in exchange\nfor their labour \u2013 are widely overlooked in academic and policy debates about\nhuman rights and business in global supply chains. They shouldn\u2019t be. Just as\nliving wages can insulate workers from human rights abuse and labour\nexploitation, wages that hover around or below the poverty line, compounded by\nillegal practices like wage theft and delayed payment, leave workers\nvulnerable to severe labour exploitation and human rights abuse. This article\ndraws on data from a study of global tea and cocoa supply chains to explore\nthe impact of wages on one of the most severe human rights abuses experienced\nin global supply chains, forced labour. Demonstrating that low-wage workers\nexperience high vulnerability to forced labour in global supply chains, it\nargues that the role of wages in shaping or protecting workers from\nexploitation needs to be taken far more seriously by scholars and\npolicymakers. When wages are ignored, so too is a crucial tool to protect\nhuman rights and heighten business accountability in global supply chains.\n\n* * *\n\n## Keywords\n\n[ Forced labour ](/core/search?filters\\[keywords\\]=Forced labour) [ Global\nsupply chains ](/core/search?filters\\[keywords\\]=Global supply chains) [\nLabour standards ](/core/search?filters\\[keywords\\]=Labour standards) [\nLiving wage ](/core/search?filters\\[keywords\\]=Living wage) [ Wages\n](/core/search?filters\\[keywords\\]=Wages)\n\n* * *\n\nType\n\n Scholarly Article \n\nInformation\n\n \n\n[ Business and Human Rights Journal ](/core/journals/business-and-human-\nrights-journal) , [ Volume 6 ](/core/journals/business-and-human-rights-\njournal/volume/5596E17826A7A42130F8A9150CF7EAF2) , [ Issue 1\n](/core/journals/business-and-human-rights-\njournal/issue/CC921270B4F6A6BAF4820258ECD94341) , February 2021 , pp. 1 - 20\n\nDOI: [ https://doi.org/10.1017/bhj.2020.32 [Opens in a new window]\n](https://doi.org/10.1017/bhj.2020.32)\n\nCopyright\n\n \n\n\u00a9 The Author(s) 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press\n\n## Access options\n\nGet access to the full version of this content by using one of the access\noptions below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal\naccess. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)\n\n### Article purchase\n\n### Temporarily unavailable\n\n* * *\n\n## Footnotes\n\n\u00b6\n\nConflicts of interest: The author declares none.\n\n* \n\nGenevieve LeBaron is Professor of Politics at the University of Sheffield, UK.\nHer research focuses on the business and governance of forced labour in global\nsupply chains. She was elected to the College of the Royal Society of Canada\nin 2020.\n\n\u2021\n\nThis article draws on data collected under my UK Economic and Social Research\nCouncil (ESRC) grant, The Global Business of Forced Labour (ES/N001192/1); I\nam grateful to the ESRC for research funding. Field research for that project\nwas supported by a research team including E. Gore, D. Ottie-Boakye, O. Afrane\nObed, P. Ekka, H. Babu, A. Kumar, R. Goswami, M. Rahman, H. Sarkar, N. Howard,\nP. Roberts, V. Ampiah and J. Nyarko. Additional assistance with this article\nwas given by Remi Edwards. I am grateful to these colleagues for their work.\n\n* * *\n\n## References\n\n1\n\n1 Search conducted 16 October 2020 on _Business and Human Rights Journal_\nwebsite, [ https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/business-and-human-rights-\njournal ](https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/business-and-human-rights-\njournal)\n\n2\n\n2 Forced Labour Convention, International Labour Organisation No. 29 (adopted\non 28 June 1930, entered into force 1 May 1932), art 2.\n\n3\n\n3 For an overview of forced labour in contemporary global supply chains, see\nLeBaron , Genevieve et al. , _Confronting Root Causes: Forced Labour in\nGlobal Supply Chains_ ( Sheffield and London : Sheffield Political Economy\nResearch Institute and openDemcoracy , 2018 ), [\nhttp://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/126167/1/Confronting_Root_Causes_Forced_Labour_In_Global_Supply_Chains.pdf\n](http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/126167/1/Confronting_Root_Causes_Forced_Labour_In_Global_Supply_Chains.pdf)\n(accessed 30 October 2020) [ Google Scholar\n](https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=%0AConfronting+Root+Causes%3A+Forced+Labour+in+Global+Supply+Chains%0A&author=LeBaron+Genevieve&publication+year=2018)\n.\n\n4\n\n4 This article draws on and extends analysis from within a preliminary\nworking paper version of the project findings: LeBaron , Genevieve , _The\nGlobal Business of Forced Labour: Report of Findings_ ( Sheffield : SPERI &\nUniversity of Sheffield , 2018 ). [ Google Scholar\n](https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=%0AThe+Global+Business+of+Forced+Labour%3A+Report+of+Findings%0A&author=LeBaron+Genevieve&publication+year=2018)\n\n5\n\n5 See for instance: UK Government, \u2018UK Government Modern Slavery Statement\u2019\n(18 March 2020), [\nhttps://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/875800/UK_Government_Modern_Slavery_Statement.pdf\n](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/875800/UK_Government_Modern_Slavery_Statement.pdf)\n(accessed 2 December 2020); Bowe , John , _Nobodies: Modern American\nSlave Labor and the Dark Side of the New Global Economy_ ( New York :\nRandom House , 2007 ) [ Google Scholar\n](https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=%0ANobodies%3A+Modern+American+Slave+Labor+and+the+Dark+Side+of+the+New+Global+Economy%0A&author=Bowe+John&publication+year=2007)\n; Bales , Kevin and Soodalter , Ron , _The Slave Next Door: Human\nTrafficking and Slavery in America Today_ ( Berkeley : University of\nCalifornia Press , 2009 ). [ CrossRef\n](https://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520942998) [ Google Scholar\n](https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=%0AThe+Slave+Next+Door%3A+Human+Trafficking+and+Slavery+in+America+Today%0A&author=Bales+Kevin&author=Soodalter+Ron&publication+year=2009)\n\n6\n\n6 LeBaron, note 4 ; LeBaron , Genevieve , _Combatting Modern Slavery:\nWhy Labour Governance is Failing and What We Can Do About It_ ( Cambridge :\nPolity , 2020 ). [ Google Scholar\n](https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=%0ACombatting+Modern+Slavery%3A+Why+Labour+Governance+is+Failing+and+What+We+Can+Do+About+It%0A&author=LeBaron+Genevieve&publication+year=2020)\n\n7\n\n7 UK Government, note 5 , 1.\n\n8\n\n8 See also LeBaron , Genevieve and Crane , Andrew , \u2018 Methodological\nChallenges in the Business of Forced Labour \u2019 in LeBaron , Genevieve\n(ed.), _Researching Forced Labour in the Global Economy: Methodological\nChallenges and Advances_ ( Oxford : Oxford University of Press , 2018 )\n25 [ CrossRef ](https://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197266472.003.0002) [\nGoogle Scholar\n](https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=%0AResearching+Forced+Labour+in+the+Global+Economy%3A+Methodological+Challenges+and+Advances%0A&author=LeBaron+Genevieve&author=Crane+Andrew&author=LeBaron+Genevieve&publication+year=2018)\n; Crane , Andrew , \u2018 Modern Slavery as a Management Practice: Exploring\nthe Conditions and Capabilities for Human Exploitation \u2019 ( 2013 ) 38 : 1\n_Academy of Management Review_ 49 [ CrossRef\n](https://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amr.2011.0145) [ Google Scholar\n](https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Modern+Slavery+as+a+Management+Practice%3A+Exploring+the+Conditions+and+Capabilities+for+Human+Exploitation&author=Crane+Andrew&publication+year=2013&journal=%0AAcademy+of+Management+Review%0A&doi=10.5465%2Famr.2011.0145)\n.\n\n9\n\n9 See for instance Bales , Kevin , _Disposable People: New Slavery in\nthe Global Economy_ ( Berkeley : University of California Press , 2004 )\n[ Google Scholar\n](https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=%0ADisposable+People%3A+New+Slavery+in+the+Global+Economy%0A&author=Bales+Kevin&publication+year=2004)\n; Kara , Siddharth , _Modern Slavery: A Global Perspective_ ( New York\n: Columbia University Press , 2017 ) [ CrossRef\n](https://dx.doi.org/10.7312/kara15846) [ Google Scholar\n](https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=%0AModern+Slavery%3A+A+Global+Perspective%0A&author=Kara+Siddharth&publication+year=2017)\n; Bowe, note 5 ; Bales and Soodalter, note 5 .\n\n10\n\n10 Bales, note 9 , 5.\n\n11\n\n11 LeBaron, note 6 ; Lerche , Jens , \u2018 A Global Alliance Against\nForced Labour? Unfree Labour, Neo-Liberal Globalization and the International\nLabour Organization \u2019 ( 2007 ) 7 : 4 _Journal of Agrarian Change_ 425\n[ CrossRef ](https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0366.2007.00152.x) [ Google\nScholar\n](https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=A+Global+Alliance+Against+Forced+Labour%3F+Unfree+Labour%2C+Neo-\nLiberal+Globalization+and+the+International+Labour+Organization&author=Lerche+Jens&publication+year=2007&journal=%0AJournal+of+Agrarian+Change%0A&volume=7&doi=10.1111%2Fj.1471-0366.2007.00152.x)\n; Barrientos , Stephanie , Kothari , Uma and Phillips , Nicola , \u2018\nDynamics of Unfree Labour in the Contemporary Global Economy \u2019 ( 2013 ) 49\n: 8 _The Journal of Development Studies_ 1037 [ CrossRef\n](https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2013.780043) [ Google Scholar\n](https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Dynamics+of+Unfree+Labour+in+the+Contemporary+Global+Economy&author=Barrientos+Stephanie&author=Kothari+Uma&author=Phillips+Nicola&publication+year=2013&journal=%0AThe+Journal+of+Development+Studies%0A&volume=49&doi=10.1080%2F00220388.2013.780043)\n; Phillips , Nicola , \u2018 Unfree Labour and Adverse Incorporation in the\nGlobal Economy: Comparative Perspectives on Brazil and India \u2019 ( 2013 ) 42\n: 2 _Economy and Society_ 171 [ CrossRef\n](https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03085147.2012.718630) [ Google Scholar\n](https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Unfree+Labour+and+Adverse+Incorporation+in+the+Global+Economy%3A+Comparative+Perspectives+on+Brazil+and+India&author=Phillips+Nicola&publication+year=2013&journal=%0AEconomy+and+Society%0A&volume=42&doi=10.1080%2F03085147.2012.718630)\n.\n\n12\n\n12 See for instance LeBaron , Genevieve , \u2018 Unfree Labour Beyond\nBinaries: Insecurity, Social Hierarchy and Labour Market Restructuring \u2019 (\n2015 ) 17 : 1 _International Feminist Journal of Politics_ 1 [ Google\nScholar\n](https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=%0AInternational+Feminist+Journal+of+Politics%0A&author=LeBaron+Genevieve&publication+year=2015)\n; Brace , Laura and Davidson , Julia O\u2019Connell (eds.), _Revisiting\nSlavery and Anti-Slavery: Towards a Critical Analysis_ ( London : Palgrave\n, 2018 ) [ CrossRef ](https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90623-2) [ Google\nScholar\n](https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=%0ARevisiting+Slavery+and+Anti-\nSlavery%3A+Towards+a+Critical+Analysis%0A&author=Brace+Laura&author=Davidson+Julia+O%E2%80%99Connell&publication+year=2018)\n.\n\n13\n\n13 Barrientos , Stephanie , Kothari , Uma and Phillips , Nicola ,\n\u2018 Dynamics of Unfree Labour in the Contemporary Global Economy \u2019 ( 2013 )\n49 : 8 _The Journal of Development Studies_ 1038 . [ CrossRef\n](https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2013.780043) [ Google Scholar\n](https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Dynamics+of+Unfree+Labour+in+the+Contemporary+Global+Economy&author=Barrientos+Stephanie&author=Kothari+Uma&author=Phillips+Nicola&publication+year=2013&journal=%0AThe+Journal+of+Development+Studies%0A&volume=49&doi=10.1080%2F00220388.2013.780043)\n\n14\n\n14 Allain , Jean , Crane , Andrew and Behbahani , Laya , Forced\nLabour\u2019s Business Models and Supply Chains ( York : Joseph Rowntree\nFoundation , 2013 ). 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[ https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/19918628.pdf\n](https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/19918628.pdf) (accessed 2 December 2020).\n\n18\n\n18 See, for instance, End Slavery Now, \u2018The \u201cChocolate Slaves\u201d of the Ivory\nCoast\u2019, [ https://www.endslaverynow.org/blog/articles/the-chocolate-slaves-of-\nthe-ivory-coast ](https://www.endslaverynow.org/blog/articles/the-chocolate-\nslaves-of-the-ivory-coast) (accessed 2 December 2020).\n\n19\n\n19 Akurang-Parry , Kwabena O , \u2018 \u201cThe Loads Are Heavier than Usual\u201d:\nForced Labor by Women and Children in the Central Province, Gold Coast\n(Colonial Ghana), CA 1900\u20131940 \u2019 ( 2002 ) 30 _African Economic History_\n31 [ CrossRef ](https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3601601) [ Google Scholar\n](https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=%E2%80%9CThe+Loads+Are+Heavier+than+Usual%E2%80%9D%3A+Forced+Labor+by+Women+and+Children+in+the+Central+Province%2C+Gold+Coast+\\(Colonial+Ghana\\)%2C+CA+1900%E2%80%931940&author=Akurang-\nParry+Kwabena+O&publication+year=2002&journal=%0AAfrican+Economic+History%0A&volume=30&doi=10.2307%2F3601601)\n; 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An analysis of social and sustainability enterprises and\nentrepreneurship in the legal cannabis (marijuana) sector_ . 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"url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/business-and-human-rights-journal/article/wages-an-overlooked-dimension-of-business-and-human-rights-in-global-supply-chains/8862C226B58B452AAE43D7F9AC18E80F"
},
"reason": "This article from the Business and Human Rights Journal discusses wages as an overlooked dimension of business and human rights in global supply chains.",
"reliability_score": 0.9,
"search_query": "company 'Cowboy' supply chain human rights",
"summary": "This article from the Business and Human Rights Journal discusses wages as an overlooked dimension of business and human rights in global supply chains.",
"url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/business-and-human-rights-journal/article/wages-an-overlooked-dimension-of-business-and-human-rights-in-global-supply-chains/8862C226B58B452AAE43D7F9AC18E80F"
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"origin": "public",
"resource_location": "web",
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"source": "https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/02/business/nike-china-western-business-intl-hnk/index.html"
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"page_content": "Markets\n\nDOW\n\nS&P 500\n\nNASDAQ\n\nHot Stocks\n\nFear & Greed Index\n\n[ ](/business/markets/fear-and-greed/index.html)\n\n[ \\----- is driving the US market ](/markets/fear-and-greed)\n\nLatest Market News\n\n[ Delta warns of \u2018economic uncertainty\u2019 and \u2018stalled growth\u2019 in new recession\nalarm bell ](/2025/04/09/business/delta-earnings-economic-warning/index.html)\n\n[ China announces 84% retaliatory tariffs on US goods\n](/2025/04/09/business/china-us-tariffs-retaliation-hnk-intl/index.html)\n\n[ The stock market is off to another wild day after China retaliates against\nTrump\u2019s massive tariffs ](/2025/04/09/investing/global-stock-market-\nreciprocal-tariffs-hnk-intl/index.html)\n\nHot Stocks\n\n[ ](/business/markets/fear-and-greed/index.html)\n\n[ \\----- is driving the US market ](/markets/fear-and-greed)\n\nSomething isn't loading properly. Please check back later.\n\nAd Feedback\n\nAd Feedback\n\n# Doing business in China is difficult. A clash over human rights is making\nit harder\n\n[ ](https://www.cnn.com/profiles/jill-disis) [\n](https://www.cnn.com/profiles/selina-wang)\n\nAnalysis by [ Jill Disis ](https://www.cnn.com/profiles/jill-disis) and [\nSelina Wang ](https://www.cnn.com/profiles/selina-wang) , CNN Business\n\n8 minute read\n\nPublished 8:01 PM EDT, Fri April 2, 2021\n\n[\n](mailto:?subject=CNN%20content%20share&body=Check%20out%20this%20article%3A%0Ahttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2021%2F04%2F02%2Fbusiness%2Fnike-\nchina-western-business-intl-hnk \"Share with email\")\n\nLink Copied!\n\nVideo Ad Feedback\n\nWestern brands slammed in China over Xinjiang stance\n\n04:25 \\- Source: CNNBusiness\n\nWestern brands slammed in China over Xinjiang stance\n\n04:25 \u2022 CNNBusiness\n\nChina 16 videos\n\nVideo Ad Feedback\n\nWestern brands slammed in China over Xinjiang stance\n\n04:25\n\nNow playing\n\n\\- Source: CNNBusiness\n\nVideo Ad Feedback\n\nChinese officials urge government action to revive Covid-battered economy\n\n02:57\n\nNow playing\n\n\\- Source: [ CNN ](https://www.cnn.com/)\n\nVideo Ad Feedback\n\nHow China's workers are faring during a tumultuous supply chain crisis\n\n03:16\n\nNow playing\n\n\\- Source: [ CNNBusiness ](https://www.cnn.com/business)\n\nVideo Ad Feedback\n\nAnalyst: 'Lockdown in Shanghai will rock China's economy'\n\n02:56\n\nNow playing\n\n\\- Source: [ CNNBusiness ](https://www.cnn.com)\n\nVideo Ad Feedback\n\nHow much longer can China's economy handle 'zero-Covid'?\n\n04:08\n\nNow playing\n\n\\- Source: [ CNN ](https://www.cnn.com/)\n\nVideo Ad Feedback\n\nChina showcased the e-CNY at Beijing Winter Olympic Games\n\n04:52\n\nNow playing\n\n\\- Source: [ CNN ](https://www.cnn.com/)\n\nVideo Ad Feedback\n\n\"China is facing an economic crisis\": Soros on China and Xi Jinping\n\n01:05\n\nNow playing\n\n\\- Source: CNN Business\n\nVideo Ad Feedback\n\nOlympic sponsors caught in the middle of diplomatic boycotts \u200bagainst China\n\n03:09\n\nNow playing\n\n\\- Source: [ CNN ](https://www.cnn.com/)\n\nVideo Ad Feedback\n\nCovid and the real estate crisis weigh on China's economy\n\n03:18\n\nNow playing\n\n\\- Source: CNNBusiness\n\nVideo Ad Feedback\n\nPandemic empties one of the world's busiest airports\n\n03:04\n\nNow playing\n\n\\- Source: [ CNN ](https://www.cnn.com/)\n\nVideo Ad Feedback\n\nEarly Olympics attendees eat noodles served from ceiling\n\n01:07\n\nNow playing\n\n\\- Source: CNN Business\n\nVideo Ad Feedback\n\nChina lockdown is hitting world's biggest chipmakers\n\n02:09\n\nNow playing\n\n\\- Source: [ CNNBusiness ](https://www.cnn.com/)\n\nVideo Ad Feedback\n\nHong Kong independent news outlet closes after police raid and arrests\n\n02:53\n\nNow playing\n\n\\- Source: [ CNNBusiness ](https://www.cnn.com/)\n\nVideo Ad Feedback\n\nChina slams Elon Musk and US claiming SpaceX satellites endangered Chinese\n\n01:58\n\nNow playing\n\n\\- Source: [ CNNBusiness ](https://www.cnn.com/)\n\nVideo Ad Feedback\n\nChinese 'live-streaming queen' hit with huge tax evasion penalty\n\n01:39\n\nNow playing\n\n\\- Source: [ CNN ](https://www.cnn.com/)\n\nVideo Ad Feedback\n\nChina's Evergrande downgraded by Fitch\n\n01:41\n\nNow playing\n\n\\- Source: [ CNNBusiness ](https://www.cnn.com/business)\n\n__ __\n\nCNN Business \u2014\n\nCompanies that want to do business in China [ have long made compromises\n](https://www.cnn.com/2019/10/11/business/us-china-trade-war-business) in the\npursuit of success. Now an [ escalating diplomatic dispute\n](https://www.cnn.com/2021/03/23/asia/china-eu-xinjiang-sanctions-intl-\nhnk/index.html) over human rights is underscoring the stark choice facing\nWestern executives: put profit or principles first.\n\nThe strains over Xinjiang \u2014 where US, EU and UK authorities [ have accused the\nChinese government of repressing Uyghurs and other minority groups\n](https://www.cnn.com/2021/03/22/politics/us-eu-china-uyghur-\nsanctions/index.html) through forced labor, mass detention and sterilization \u2014\nhas ensnared a growing number of businesses and trade relationships in recent\nmonths.\n\nBeijing has vehemently denied all the allegations, and says its camps in the\nregion are \u201cvocational training centers\u201d designed to combat terrorism and\nreligious extremism. But last week, a [ landmark investment deal\n](http://www.cnn.com/2021/03/24/economy/china-eu-investment-deal-sanctions-\nintl-hnk/index.html) between the European Union and China was cast into doubt\nafter officials traded sanctions over Xinjiang.\n\nDays later, H&M, Nike [ (NKE)\n](https://money.cnn.com/quote/quote.html?symb=NKE&source=story_quote_link) ,\nAdidas [ (ADDDF)\n](https://money.cnn.com/quote/quote.html?symb=ADDDF&source=story_quote_link)\nand other Western retailers were threatened with a boycott in China because of\nthe stand they had taken against the alleged use of forced labor to produce\ncotton in Xinjiang. H&M was even dropped by major Chinese e-commerce stores.\n\n[ NANTONG, CHINA - MARCH 13, 2021 - A large machine lifts goods to a cargo\nship at a container terminal in Nantong, east China's Jiangsu Province, March\n13, 2021. In February, the cargo throughput of Nantong Port reached 18.453\nmillion tons, up 17.6% year on year. PHOTOGRAPH BY Costfoto / Barcroft Studios\n/ Future Publishing (Photo credit should read Costfoto/Barcroft Media via\nGetty Images) Costfoto/Barcroft Media/Getty Images Related article China\nmay just have doomed its trade deal with Europe ](/2021/03/24/economy/china-\neu-investment-deal-sanctions-intl-hnk/index.html)\n\n\u201cWe are working together with our colleagues in China to do everything we can\nto manage the current challenges and find a way forward,\u201d H&M said in a\nstatement Wednesday.\n\nBeijing has made it clear that multinational corporations have to follow its\nrules if they wish to operate in the country, and gaining favor can require\nanything from abiding by restrictive regulations to [ saying a few good words\n](https://www.cnn.com/2021/03/24/tech/elon-musk-china-intl-hnk/index.html)\nabout China. **** Many companies have traditionally been willing to play\nalong, given how enticing the giant economy is as a market for everything from\n[ cars ](https://www.cnn.com/2021/03/30/tech/xiaomi-electric-cars/index.html)\nand clothes to [ movies ](https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/28/media/china-box-\noffice-coronavirus/index.html) and [ luxury goods\n](https://www.cnn.com/2020/12/16/business/china-luxury-market-coronavirus-\nintl-hnk/index.html) .\n\nBut the escalating political blowback may make some of those relationships\nuntenable. Just as China has whipped its citizens into a [ nationalist frenzy\n](https://www.cnn.com/2021/03/26/china/xinjiang-china-us-wolf-warrior-\npatriotism-intl-hnk/index.html) over Xinjiang, customers, lawmakers and\ninvestors are stepping up the pressure on Western companies to scrutinize\ntheir supply chains for evidence of human rights abuses. That\u2019s making it hard\nfor companies to avoid picking sides.\n\n\u201cThese companies are just squeezed in the middle and there is no magic\nanswer,\u201d said James McGregor, chairman of consulting firm APCO Worldwide\u2019s\ngreater China division. \u201cI think China\u2019s feeling really threatened by all of\nthese sanctions, and has decided just to hit back as strongly as they can to\ntry to get these companies to influence their governments to kind of tone down\nand back off.\u201d\n\n[ This photo shows the BBC Beijing bureau office in Beijing on February 12,\n2021. - China's broadcasting regulator on February 11, 2021 banned BBC World\nNews, accusing it of flouting guidelines after a controversial report on its\ntreatment of the country's Uighur minority. The decision came just days after\nBritain's own regulator revoked the licence of Chinese broadcaster CGTN for\nbreaking UK law on state-backed ownership, and provoked angry accusations of\ncensorship from London. (Photo by NOEL CELIS / AFP) (Photo by NOEL CELIS/AFP\nvia Getty Images) Noel Celis/AFP/Getty Images Related article BBC moves its\nChina correspondent to Taiwan as tensions with Beijing grow\n](/2021/03/31/media/bbc-china-correspondent-intl-hnk/index.html)\n\n## A tough-but-prized market\n\nForeign companies cannot simply ignore the world\u2019s second largest economy. Its\n[ growing middle class ](https://money.cnn.com/2015/10/14/news/economy/china-\nmiddle-class-growing/) is a rich consumer market for many firms.\n\n\u201cAccessing the internal market in China has always been the draw,\u201d said Bonnie\nGlaser, a senior adviser for Asia and the director of the China Power Project\nat the Center for Strategic and International Studies. \u201cYears ago, when\ncompanies first started coming to China \u2014 even if they weren\u2019t making money\nfor a number of years \u2014 they stayed because eventually the people are going to\nhave more money and going to be able to spend.\u201d\n\nBut breaking into China also means winning over notoriously strict regulators\nwho wield vast control over who gets to enter and what they get to do.\n\nInternational firms are often forced to concede certain aspects of their\nbusiness before they\u2019re allowed access to the market, including through joint\nventures established with local partners. While some rules have been eased in\nrecent years, they\u2019re still a source of tension for companies who complain\nthat such arrangements force them to [ give up technology in exchange for\nentry. ](https://money.cnn.com/2018/04/05/news/economy/china-foreign-\ncompanies-restrictions/index.html)\n\nOther companies **** have been locked out altogether because of a refusal to\nadhere to rules. Google, for example, offered search in China from 2006 to\n2010 with censored results, but was [ eventually blocked\n](https://www.cnn.com/2010/TECH/03/30/google.china.block/index.html) when the\ncompany decided it would end that practice. Several years later, it considered\nreturning to China, but was [ heavily criticized by human rights groups\n](https://www.cnn.com/2018/10/15/tech/google-china-sundar-pichai) wary of the\nruling Chinese Communist Party\u2019s vast censorship apparatus.\n\nA Nike store in Yichang, Hubei province, China. Nike was heavily criticized on\nsocial media in China for its stance on Xinjiang in March.\n\nLiu Junfeng/Costfoto/Sipa USA\n\n## Thrust into controversy\n\nThose who win access to China, meanwhile, can sometimes find themselves thrust\ninto controversy, to damaging effect. In 2017, several stores owned by South\nKorea\u2019s Lotte were shut down across China after the conglomerate became\nembroiled in the [ deployment of a controversial US missile defense system\n](https://money.cnn.com/2017/03/07/news/china-lotte-thaad-south-korea-\ntensions/index.html) in its home country. China had bitterly opposed South\nKorea\u2019s decision to deploy the system, which it saw as a threat to its own\nsecurity.\n\nThe following year, the Chinese government demanded that American Airlines [\n(AAL)\n](https://money.cnn.com/quote/quote.html?symb=AAL&source=story_quote_link) ,\nDelta [ (DAL)\n](https://money.cnn.com/quote/quote.html?symb=DAL&source=story_quote_link) and\nUnited [ (UAL)\n](https://money.cnn.com/quote/quote.html?symb=UAL&source=story_quote_link) [\nchange the way they referred to Taiwan\n](https://money.cnn.com/2018/07/25/news/companies/taiwan-china-\nairlines/index.html) or risk sanctions in China, one of the world\u2019s biggest\nmarkets for air travel. Beijing has [ long been sensitive\n](https://money.cnn.com/2018/05/07/news/companies/us-companies-websites-\nchina/index.html?iid=EL) about any suggestion that Taiwan is not a part of its\nterritory, though the island has been governed separately for decades.\n\nAnd in 2019, the NBA became [ entangled in its own battle\n](https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/13/business/nba-china-ceo-daryl-\nmorey/index.html) with Beijing after sports executive Daryl Morey, who was\nserving as general manager of the Houston Rockets, tweeted support for pro-\ndemocracy protesters in Hong Kong. Chinese state television network CCTV [\npulled NBA games ](https://www.cnn.com/2019/10/14/business/china-nba-dispute-\ntencent-livestream/index.html) , while all of the league\u2019s official Chinese\npartners [ suspended ties ](https://www.cnn.com/2019/10/09/business/nba-china-\npartners/index.html) .\n\n[ Elon Musk, founder of SpaceX and chief executive officer of Tesla Inc.,\narrives at the Axel Springer Award ceremony in Berlin, Germany, on Tuesday,\nDec. 1, 2020. Liesa Johannssen-Koppitz/Bloomberg/Getty Images Related\narticle Elon Musk is trying to win China back ](/2021/03/24/tech/elon-musk-\nchina-intl-hnk/index.html)\n\nEven companies that enjoy a relatively strong relationship with Chinese\nofficials aren\u2019t immune. Tesla [ (TSLA)\n](https://money.cnn.com/quote/quote.html?symb=TSLA&source=story_quote_link) \u2014\nwhich has enjoyed special treatment from Beijing \u2014 was recently caught on the\nback foot by questions about the [ quality of its Shanghai-made Model 3s\n](https://www.cnn.com/2021/02/09/tech/tesla-china-regulators-intl-\nhnk/index.html) and whether its car cameras [ could be used for spying\n](https://edition.cnn.com/2021/03/22/tech/elon-musk-tesla-china-military-ban-\nintl-hnk/index.html) . A few days later, CEO Elon Musk [ lavished praise on\nChina ](https://www.cnn.com/2021/03/24/tech/elon-musk-china-intl-\nhnk/index.html) in an interview with state media.\n\n\u201cBusinesses already are forced to pick sides, and they try really hard not to\nhave to do that publicly,\u201d said Isaac Stone Fish, founder and CEO of Strategy\nRisks, a research firm focused on corporate risk in China. He [ pointed to the\nNBA ](https://www.cnn.com/2019/10/09/business/nba-china-partners) as the \u201cmost\nnotorious example of that spilling out into the public.\u201d\n\n\u201cThey\u2019re trying to balance between their most important market and their most\nimportant growth market, and sometimes they make ethical sacrifices,\u201d Fish\nadded.\n\n## The deck is stacked\n\nForeign businesses are almost always at a disadvantage when it comes to\ndealing with China.\n\n\u201cThe Chinese have huge economic leverage,\u201d Glaser said. \u201cThey always do this\nin ways that they are harming a particular sector or industry or particular\ncompany, but where China pays no cost.\u201d\n\nShe pointed to the country\u2019s tensions with Australia, where exports of [ wine\n](http://www.cnn.com/2021/03/26/business/china-australia-wine/index.html) ,\nbeef, timber and other goods to China have been hurt by [ steep tariffs or\nother obstacles ](https://www.cnn.com/2021/02/16/business/australia-china-\nwine-tariffs-dst-intl-hnk/index.html) . Australian industries key to China\u2019s\neconomic recovery, [ such as iron ore\n](https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/19/economy/china-australia-iron-ore-intl-\nhnk/index.html) , have escaped meaningful punishment.\n\n[ Alberto Mier/CNN Related article How China is devastating Australia's\nbillion-dollar wine industry ](/2021/02/16/business/australia-china-wine-\ntariffs-dst-intl-hnk/index.html)\n\nChina\u2019s strategy here is to \u201ckill the chicken to scare the monkey,\u201d Glaser\nsaid, using a popular Chinese idiom. \u201cThey know full well the other countries\nare watching what\u2019s going on.\u201d\n\nCompanies also appear to be learning that they can\u2019t always act in a vacuum\nwhen it comes to China \u2014 their statements to Beijing and Chinese consumers now\noften gain traction with other audiences.\n\nThe NBA, for example, didn\u2019t just anger Chinese audiences when it attempted to\nexplain the remarks from the Houston Rockets\u2019 Morey about Hong Kong. A\nlukewarm response from NBA Commissioner Adam Silver that supported Morey \u201cin\nterms of his ability to exercise his freedom of expression\u201d didn\u2019t just\ninfuriate Chinese audiences; US politicians criticized the organization for\nnot taking a strong enough stand.\n\nAnd investors worldwide are also starting to pile the pressure on companies\nthey believe aren\u2019t doing enough to address alleged human rights abuses.\nEarlier this week, the Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility -\u2014 a\nshareholder advocacy group focused on environmental, social and governance\nissues \u2014 [ told Reuters ](https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-xinjiang-\nshareholders-exclusive-idUSKBN2BM2FP) that it was reaching out to dozens of\ncompanies for information about their supply chains and whether they could at\nall be linked to Xinjiang.\n\nChinese state media and social networking platforms called for boycotts of\nmajor Western brands after statements made by the companies in the past about\nXinjiang cotton resurfaced online.\n\nKevin Frayer/Getty Images\n\n## Pleasing no one\n\nThe Xinjiang issue has made it even more difficult to please everyone at home\nand in China.\n\nMany global brands, including Nike and Adidas, **** [ faced enormous pressure\n](https://www.cnn.com/2020/07/28/business/uyghurs-xinjiang-forced-labor-\nbrands-intl-hnk/index.html) last summer from activists to ensure that their\nsupply chains are free of ties to Xinjiang. China is now using the statements\nthey released around that time against them.\n\n\u201cThey feel like they again placated the folks back home. Now all the sudden\nthey have a crisis in China,\u201d Glaser said of the trouble facing such brands.\n\nH&M products were pulled from Chinese e-commerce websites run by Alibaba [\n(BABA)\n](https://money.cnn.com/quote/quote.html?symb=BABA&source=story_quote_link)\nand JD.com [ (JD)\n](https://money.cnn.com/quote/quote.html?symb=JD&source=story_quote_link) as\nthe backlash gained traction last week, though apparel giants Nike and Adidas\nappeared to escape such dramatic measures. McGregor, the APCO Worldwide\nchairman, suspected that China\u2019s deep relationship with those brands might\nhave saved them.\n\nNike and Adidas advertising dollars \u201care very big for Chinese sports,\u201d he\nsaid. \u201cThere\u2019s Chinese organizations that are very dependent on money from\nNike and Adidas and the other sports brands, whereas H&M is just a retailer\nselling into the market.\u201d\n\n[ A security guard patrols at a viewing platform of the Olympics Tower in\nBeijing on Tuesday, Feb. 2, 2021. A coalition of 180 rights group on Wednesday\ncalled for a boycott of next year's Beijing Winter Olympics tied to reported\nhuman rights abuses against ethnic minorities in China. (AP Photo/Andy Wong)\nAndy Wong/AP Related article Winter Olympics: A year before the Beijing\nGames, more than 180 campaign groups are calling for a diplomatic boycott\n](/2021/02/04/sport/beijing-winter-olympics-diplomatic-boycott-spt-\nintl/index.html)\n\nStill, **** the tensions may only grow more severe in the coming months:\nBeijing is scheduled to host the 2022 Winter Olympics, and dozens of campaign\ngroups [ have already begun calling for a boycott\n](https://www.cnn.com/2021/02/04/sport/beijing-winter-olympics-diplomatic-\nboycott-spt-intl/index.html) .\n\nMcGregor said that China may be conscious of upsetting the world too much\nahead of that time. After all, if tensions come to a boil then the country\nrisks tarnishing its reputation on a massive stage. But that still leaves many\ncompanies in a tough spot.\n\n\u201cMost of them are just trying to keep their heads down and get through it\nright now,\u201d he said.\n\nH&M\u2019s comments on Wednesday, released days after it was swept up in the\nChinese boycott, may be indicative of that pressure. The nearly 300-word\nstatement is vague and carefully worded, and stays well clear of saying\nanything definitive on the enormously controversial issue that landed it in\nhot water to begin with.\n\nRelated\n\nAd Feedback\n\nAd Feedback\n\nAd Feedback\n\n### CNN Business Videos\n\n[ CNN ](/2025/04/08/business/video/sneakers-cost-trump-manufacturing-plan-\ndigvid) [ Video How much more sneakers would cost if made in the US 0:26\nApr 9, 2025 ](/2025/04/08/business/video/sneakers-cost-trump-manufacturing-\nplan-digvid)\n\n[ Clipped From Video ](/2025/04/08/business/video/the-lead-united-states-\nmanufacturing-import-export-donald-trump-air-fryer-appliances-china-jake-\ntapper) [ Video CA business owner on tariffs: We feel like collateral damage\n5:33 Apr 8, 2025 ](/2025/04/08/business/video/the-lead-united-states-\nmanufacturing-import-export-donald-trump-air-fryer-appliances-china-jake-\ntapper)\n\n[ Michael M. Santiago/Getty Images ](/2025/04/08/business/video/retiring-in-\nthis-market-hear-a-financial-planners-top-three-tips-digvid) [ Video Retiring\nin this market? Hear a financial planner\u2019s top three tips 1:24 Apr 8, 2025\n](/2025/04/08/business/video/retiring-in-this-market-hear-a-financial-\nplanners-top-three-tips-digvid)\n\n[ CNN ](/2025/04/08/business/video/trump-tariffs-math-equation-wrong-\neconomist-veuger-cnc-digvid) [ Video Economist says there\u2019s a math error in\nthe formula used to calculate Trump\u2019s tariffs 2:19 Apr 8, 2025\n](/2025/04/08/business/video/trump-tariffs-math-equation-wrong-economist-\nveuger-cnc-digvid)\n\nAd Feedback\n\nAd Feedback\n\n* * *\n\n[ Live TV ](https://www.cnn.com/live-tv) [ Listen ](https://www.cnn.com/audio)\n[ Watch ](https://www.cnn.com/video)\n\n* * *\n\n* * *\n\n[ ](https://www.cnn.com \"CNN logo\") [ Business\n](https://www.cnn.com/business)\n\n[ Watch ](https://www.cnn.com/video) [ Listen ](https://www.cnn.com/audio) [\nLive TV ](https://www.cnn.com/live-tv)\n\n* * *\n\nFollow CNN Business\n\n * [ ](https://facebook.com/cnnbusiness \"Visit us on Facebook\")\n * [ ](https://twitter.com/cnnbusiness \"Visit us on X\")\n * [ ](https://youtube.com/user/CNN \"Visit us on YouTube\")\n * [ ](https://instagram.com/cnnbusiness \"Visit us on Instagram\")\n\n* * *\n\nMost stock quote data provided by BATS. 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"url": "https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/02/business/nike-china-western-business-intl-hnk/index.html"
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"reason": "CNN is a reputable news source. This article discusses concerns about forced labor in supply chains related to Western businesses in China.",
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"search_query": "company 'Cowboy' supply chain human rights",
"summary": "This CNN article discusses concerns about forced labor in supply chains related to Western businesses in China.",
"url": "https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/02/business/nike-china-western-business-intl-hnk/index.html"
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"source": "https://www.walkfree.org/global-slavery-index/findings/global-findings/"
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"page_content": "Afar, Ethiopia, February 2022. Women seek shade while waiting to be registered\nat the Agda Hotel compound, where millions of displaced Eritreans and\nEthiopians have fled to escape violence at the Barhale refugee camp. Photo\nCredit: Eduardo Soteras/AFP. Getty Images.\n\n###### **GLobal Slavery INdex**\n\n# Global findings on modern slavery\n\nAn estimated 50 million people were living in situations of modern slavery on\nany given day in 2021, according to the latest Global Estimates of Modern\nSlavery. Of these people, approximately 27.6 million were in forced labour and\n22 million were in forced marriages.\n\nThe most vulnerable \u2014 women, children, and migrants \u2014 remain\ndisproportionately affected. More than 12 million of all people in modern\nslavery are children, and women and girls account for over half of them (54\nper cent). Migrant workers were three times more likely to be in forced labour\nthan non-migrant workers.\n\nModern slavery occurs in every country, regardless of wealth. More than half\n(52 per cent) of all forced labour and a quarter of all forced marriages can\nbe found in upper-middle income or high-income countries.\n\nThe new Global Estimates revealed that the situation is worse than when we\nlast measured in 2016. Since then, the number of men, women, and children\nforced to work against their will or in a forced marriage has risen by 10\nmillion. The worsening situation has occurred against a backdrop of increasing\nconflict, environmental degradation, over a decade of global democratic\ndecline, 1 a global rollback of women\u2019s rights, 2 and the economic and\nsocial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and responses to it. These compounding\ncrises have led to significant disruption to employment and education,\nincreases in extreme poverty, and forced and unsafe migration, which together\nheighten the risk of all forms of modern slavery, particularly for those who\nare already vulnerable.\n\n## The global state of modern slavery and key findings\n\nThe Global Slavery Index is a national breakdown of the extent of modern\nslavery in 160 countries. This section presents findings of our country-level\nanalysis of the extent and drivers of modern slavery, together with actions\ntaken by governments to respond to modern slavery.\n\n### From global to national estimates\n\nThe 10 countries with the highest prevalence of modern slavery are:\n\n 1. North Korea \n\n 2. Eritrea \n\n 3. Mauritania \n\n 4. Saudi Arabia \n\n 5. T\u00fcrkiye \n\n 6. Tajikistan \n\n 7. United Arab Emirates \n\n 8. Russia \n\n 9. Afghanistan \n\n 10. Kuwait \n\nFour of the five world regions \u2014 Africa, Arab States, Asia and the Pacific,\nand Europe and Central Asia \u2014 are represented in the list of countries with\nhighest prevalence, which underscores the global reach of modern slavery.\n\n###### Figure 1: Estimated prevalence of modern slavery (noting estimated\nprevalence per 1,000 population for the 10 countries with highest prevalence)\n\nThe 10 countries with highest prevalence share some political, social, and\neconomic characteristics, including limited protections for civil liberties\nand human rights. Many of these countries are in volatile regions, which have\nexperienced political instability, conflict, and/or authoritarianism. Many are\nhome to large numbers of vulnerable people, such as refugees or migrant\nworkers. Migrant workers comprise the vast majority of the workforce in Saudi\nArabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Kuwait where they effectively fall under\nthe control of employers due to the _kafala_ (sponsorship) system and have\nfew, if any, labour rights.\n\n## The growing relationship between conflict and modern slavery\n\nWhile our understanding of the relationship between conflict and modern\nslavery is growing, protracted conflict is a known risk multiplier, as\nbreakdown in the rule of law, loss of social support networks, and the large-\nscale disruption that occurs during conflicts all serve to increase risk of\nboth forced labour and forced marriage. North Korea, Eritrea, and Afghanistan\nhave all been involved in protracted conflicts. 3 T\u00fcrkiye, which hosts\nmillions of refugees from Syria, and Russia were both involved in the Syrian\nconflict. Russia also launched an invasion of Ukraine in 2022 after having\nannexed Crimea in 2014. 4 A lack of data in countries experiencing conflict\nmeans that estimates in these countries, and the regions they are situated in,\nwill fall short of the true extent of modern slavery.\n\nNorth Korea, Eritrea, Mauritania, and Afghanistan were among the ten countries\nwith highest prevalence of modern slavery in the 2018 Global Slavery Index and\nremained in the list of countries with the highest prevalence in 2023. North\nKorea and Eritrea each have a high prevalence of state-imposed forced labour.\nWhile international conventions recognise that states have the power to compel\ncitizens to work, this is limited to specific circumstances; for example,\ncompulsory military service or obligatory work or service for citizens in\nemergency situations such as famine and natural disaster. A state exceeds\nthese limits when it compels citizens to work as a punishment for expressing\nor acting on political views, or for the purpose of economic development, or\nas a means of racial, ethnic, social, or religious discrimination.\n\n## Modern slavery in North Korea\n\nIn North Korea, one in 10 people are in modern slavery, with the vast majority\nbeing forced to work by the state. This is a conservative estimate in a\ncountry that the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights found\nengages in widespread and systematic abuses such as torture, wrongful\nimprisonment, and forced labour against its citizens. 5 There are also\nreports of North Korean women being lured or coerced into leaving the country\nto be sold as brides in China. Women who escape from those situations and\nreturn to North Korea often face punishment by the authorities rather than\nreceiving support as victims of bride trafficking. 6\n\nEritrea has the world\u2019s second highest prevalence of modern slavery (9 per\ncent of the population), representing an estimated 320,000 people. The\nEritrean government runs a mandatory national conscription program through\nwhich citizens between the ages of 18 and 40 must undertake military service\nbut typically are forced to perform work of a non-military nature. 7 The\nlength of this national conscription is indefinite, with reports of Eritreans\nspending decades in service of the government. This has led to an estimated 15\nper cent of the population \u2014 primarily those under 40 \u2014 fleeing the country to\navoid conscription. 8 In doing so, many face further risk of exploitation.\n\nEritrea also has among the weakest government responses to modern slavery,\nsecond only to North Korea. Its state-imposed forced labour system\nfundamentally undermines any other response to modern slavery, including the\nratification of relevant conventions, or existence of national legislation.\nCorporations have been linked to state-imposed forced labour in Eritrea.\nAllegations made in 2014 against Nevsun Resources, a Canadian-based mining\ncompany, claimed it was complicit in the use of forced labour by the firm\u2019s\nsub-contractor at the Bisha mine in Eritrea. The case, which ended in a\nsettlement with plaintiffs for an undisclosed amount in October 2020, 9 is\nseen as a positive step towards corporate accountability for forced labour in\ntheir supply chains.\n\nAs the last country to abolish slavery, which it did in 1981, Mauritania\ncontinues to have one of the highest rates of slavery (32 people in every\nthousand). Despite this, hereditary slavery continues to impact the Haratine\nand Afro-Mauritanian communities, with many survivors and their descendants\ndependent upon former \u201cmasters\u201d because of limited skills and lack of\nalternative economic opportunities. 10 The government has taken some steps\nto address the issue, such as criminalising slavery and creating anti-slavery\ntribunals, but enforcement remains weak. In addition, societal attitudes and\ncultural norms continue to contribute to the perpetuation of slavery. 11 In\nMauritania, minority groups face discrimination in various areas, including\neducation, employment, and access to public services, while there are also\nnumerous reports of arbitrary detention, torture, and other forms of\nrepression of political dissidents, journalists, and human rights activists.\n12\n\n## Which countries have the largest estimated numbers of people in modern\nslavery?\n\nThe 10 countries with the largest estimated numbers of people in modern\nslavery include some of the world\u2019s most populous. Collectively, these\ncountries \u2014 India (11 million), China (5.8 million), North Korea (2.7\nmillion), Pakistan (2.3 million), Russia (1.9 million), Indonesia (1.8\nmillion), Nigeria (1.6 million), T\u00fcrkiye (1.3 million), Bangladesh (1.2\nmillion), and the United States (1.1 million) \u2014 account for nearly two in\nevery three people living in modern slavery and over half the world\u2019s\npopulation. Notably, six of these countries are G20 nations \u2014 India, China,\nRussia, Indonesia, T\u00fcrkiye, and the United States.\n\nWith the exception of Japan, the countries with lowest prevalence of modern\nslavery are from northern or western Europe \u2014 Switzerland, Norway, Germany,\nNetherlands, Sweden, Denmark, Belgium, Ireland, and Finland. Yet, even in\nthese countries, thousands of people continue to be forced to work or marry,\ndespite their high levels of economic development, gender equality, social\nwelfare, and political stability, as well as strong criminal justice systems.\n13\n\n## Vulnerable groups affected by modern slavery\n\nA regional assessment reveals that while vulnerability to modern slavery is\nlowest in Europe across all dimensions, discrimination on the basis of race,\nethnicity, sexual orientation, or migration status is the largest driver of\nmodern slavery. Migrants, asylum seekers, refugees, and ethno-cultural\nminorities face discrimination, including limited access to services and\nprotection. More people are migrating now than at any other point in the last\nfive decades. 14 As more people flee conflict and abuse of their human\nrights, Europe has increasingly closed its borders \u2014 either physically 15 or\nthrough ever more complex and opaque migration policies. \u201cFortress Europe\u201d\ndoes not stop asylum seekers and migrants from arriving, but instead forces\npeople to take riskier routes. 16\n\nPart of the issue is that there is not a simple, coherent migration policy\nacross the European Union. The Dublin system, for example, means that asylum\nseekers should seek asylum in the first country they reach in Europe. 17\nHowever, the so-called \u201cmigrant crisis\u201d in 2015, which led to approximately\none million people landing on European shores to seek asylum, with thousands\ndying en route, exposed the weaknesses in the system. The burden\ndisproportionately fell on states bordering the Mediterranean, such as Greece\nand Italy, with asylum seekers and migrants originating from Syria,\nAfghanistan, and Iraq and a significant, albeit smaller, number arriving via\nLibya. 18 Since then, EU countries have been negotiating a system based on\n\u201csolidarity and fair sharing of responsibility,\u201d 19 but they have not come\nto an agreement. In March 2023, migration ministers from Austria, Belgium,\nDenmark, France, Germany, Netherlands, and Switzerland released a joint\nstatement to strengthen the Dublin system, reaffirming that asylum seekers\nwould need to seek asylum in the first country they reached in Europe in a bid\nto curb illegal migration. 20\n\n## What are governments doing to address modern slavery?\n\nThe last few years have taught us that the ability to respond to modern\nslavery in times of crisis requires governments to continually invest in\nmodern slavery responses and to build resilient systems that can withstand\nexternal shocks. However, governments in the top 10 global responses to modern\nslavery in 2023 have largely stagnated.\n\n###### Figure 2: Government responses to modern slavery (noting scores for\nthe 10 countries with strongest responses)\n\nThe top 10 are traditionally characterised by having more resources at their\ndisposal, relatively strong political will, and a strong civil society to hold\ngovernment to account. Notably, in 2018 Australia passed its Modern Slavery\nAct, 21 which requires companies that have a consolidated revenue of over\nAU$100 million (approximately US$67 million) per annum to report on the\nactions they are taking to respond to modern slavery. In Portugal, there is\nevidence of an increasing number of referrals of victims to services. 22\nThese changes remain the exception and not the rule, with few new\ndevelopments. At the very top, the United Kingdom\u2019s (UK) overall response has\ndeclined since 2018; the government saw an increase in referrals of just 1 per\ncent, but a worsening of measures on victim protection and access to visas,\nlargely as a result of the 2022 Nationality and Borders Act. 23 A proposed\nIllegal Migration Bill 24 introduced in March 2023 is a potential violation\nof international law and the UN Refugee Convention and it shows that the UK is\nat risk of continuing its downward trend.\n\nThere is promising action outside of the top 10. In August 2020, Tonga\nratified the ILO Convention, 1999 (No. 182) to reach universal ratification\nensuring all children now have legal protection against the worst forms of\nchild labour. 25 Since 2018, a further 15 countries have criminalised human\ntrafficking in line with UN Trafficking Protocol, bringing the total number of\ncountries to 137. Nearly 150 countries have a National Action Plan related to\nsome form of modern slavery \u2014 a 30 per cent increase since 2018. Some\ncountries stand out: Brunei has acceded to the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress\nand Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, 26\nfinalised a National Action Plan on tackling human trafficking, 27 and\nestablished a National Committee on Trafficking in Persons since the last\nGlobal Slavery Index. 28 Oman, 29 Qatar, 30 and Saudi Arabia 31\nadopted some reforms to the _kafala_ (or sponsorship) system, the Republic of\nthe Congo criminalised human trafficking in domestic legislation in 2019, 32\nand Canada amended its Custom Tariff to incorporate restrictions on forced\nlabour. 33\n\nWhen correlated against GDP per capita PPP (current international $),\ncountries such as Albania, Georgia, Montenegro, the Philippines, and Bosnia\nand Herzegovina have relatively stronger responses despite the fewer resources\nat their disposal. In 2021, the Philippines raised the minimum of age of\nmarriage to 18 34 while in Albania a Victim Advisory Board was established\nto involve survivors in the design of awareness-raising campaigns, police\ninterviews of victims, and the treatment of victims during court proceedings.\n35\n\n###### Figure 3: Correlation between GDP (PPP) per capita and government\nresponses to modern slavery\n\nEncouragingly, countries are starting to recognise the expertise of those with\nlived experience. Sixteen governments from across the globe have either\nconsulted with survivors as part of policy development or have provided them\nseats on their national coordinating councils or as part of a separate\nsurvivor advisory council. Since 2015, the United States Advisory Council on\nHuman Trafficking has provided a formal avenue for survivors to advise on\nfederal policies to the President\u2019s Interagency Task Force to Monitor and\nCombat Trafficking in Persons. 36 In Rwanda, the government consulted with\nsurvivors as part of the development of the National Action Plan. That said,\n16 still represents a small fraction of the 176 governments 37 included in\nthe government response assessment.\n\n## Positive developments in addressing women and girls\u2019 vulnerabilities to\nmodern slavery\n\nThere have been positive developments in tackling the specific vulnerabilities\nof women and girls. A new indicator introduced in 2023 reveals that 35\ncountries have set the age of marriage to 18 for girls and boys with no\nexception, with the UK joining the likes of Ireland, the Philippines, Costa\nRica, Rwanda, and Malawi by announcing in early 2023 that it will raise the\nage to 18 and remove the exception for 16 and 17 year-olds to marry with\nparental consent. 38 Fifty countries have now criminalised forced marriage,\nan increase of 12 since the last report. While encouraging, criminalisation\nshould be implemented as part of a suite of legislative protections in\nnational legislation. Less encouragingly, few governments are taking a more\nholistic approach to tackle the underlying drivers of forced marriage and\nproviding protections including access to civil protection orders, safe\naccommodation, emergency funds, and psychosocial support. Nearly half (59\ncountries) of the 130 governments that provide access to public primary\neducation are reporting lower primary enrolment rates for girls.\n\n## Progress in holding businesses accountable for tackling modern slavery\n\nThere is some progress on measures to hold businesses more accountable in\ntackling modern slavery. Four countries have implemented mandatory Human\nRights Due Diligence (mHRDD) legislation, which holds businesses accountable\nfor failing to identify, and act upon, the actual and potential risks for\nworkers in their operations and supply chains, including the risk of forced\nlabour. Norway, 39 France, 40 and Switzerland, 41 have established mHRDD\nlegislation, with Germany\u2019s coming into force in early 2023. 42 The\nNetherlands is currently exploring mHRDD 43 as an alternative to its child\nlabour due diligence legislation. 44 The strongest mHRDD legislation\nincludes penalties for a company\u2019s failure to prevent forced labour in supply\nchains and includes a right of action for those who have been impacted.\n\nIncreasingly, mHRDD is seen as part of a suite of measures implemented by\ngovernments to hold both business and public procurement accountable. Import\ncontrols, such as the Tariff Act 45 and the 2021 Uyghur Forced Labour\nPrevention Act in the US, prevent the entry of goods produced by forced\nlabour, and specifically by Uyghurs held in state-imposed forced labour in the\nlatter case. 46 The UK has used Magnitsky legislation to impose travel bans\nand sanctions on individuals who commit forced labour. 47 Other countries\nhave identified high risk sectors and work collaboratively with the private\nsector to tackle exploitation; the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), for\nexample, created a regulatory authority to tackle child labour in cobalt and\ncoltan mines. 48\n\n## Which countries are taking the least action to combat modern slavery?\n\nThe countries taking the least action to respond to modern slavery remain as\nin 2018 \u2014 Somalia, Libya, Iran, Eritrea, and North Korea. These countries\ncontinue to be characterised by conflict and/or active involvement from the\ngovernment in modern slavery either through corruption and complicity or\nstate-imposed forced labour. Those countries with some of the weakest\nresponses have been excluded \u2014 Afghanistan, Palestine, South Sudan, Syria, and\nYemen \u2014 due to ongoing conflict and extreme disruption.\n\nAlleged complicity in modern slavery crimes was reported in 90 countries in\nour assessment. This ranged from active involvement in committing modern\nslavery crimes to turning a blind eye to the action of criminals. In Zimbabwe,\nfor example, those working in the judicial system, including police,\nmagistrates, prosecutors, clerks, and court messengers, allegedly take bribes\nfor not arresting artisanal mine operators, or swiftly releasing those in\ncustody, 49 who have purportedly kidnapped workers and forced them to work.\nIn Tajikistan, there are allegations that endemic corruption among government\nofficials facilitates trafficking of victims across borders. 50\n\nState-imposed forced labour is practiced in 17 countries in the GSI, and this\ngreatly undermines any other aspect of a government response. The figure is\nlikely much higher \u2014 our assessment is based on legal loopholes that enable\nforced labour to occur and publicly available evidence that this has occurred\nsince 2018.\n\nWhen correlated against GDP per capita, Luxembourg, Singapore, Qatar, Hong\nKong, Brunei Darussalam, Kuwait, South Korea, Switzerland, and the United Arab\nEmirates (UAE) have taken limited action despite larger resources at their\ndisposal. The _kafala_ , or sponsorship program, in the Gulf states has long\nbeen criticised for exacerbating the vulnerability of migrant populations that\nthese countries have long relied upon. The World Cup in Qatar and Dubai World\nExpo in UAE spurred reforms, 51 many of which have largely remained on paper\nrather than being fully implemented. 52 Migrants also working in countries\nin Southeast Asia, such as Hong Kong, 53 South Korea, 54 and Singapore,\n55 face discrimination and limited protections alongside tied visas, which\nprohibit migrant workers from leaving their jobs and finding employment\nelsewhere in the country. Tied visas are not unique to these countries, as\nshown by a growing hostile environment across Europe to asylum seekers fleeing\npersecution and discrimination. Many wealthy countries across the Index are\nfailing in their duties to protect the most vulnerable.\n\n###### Table 1: Government response score, by country (in order from highest\nto lowest within each category)*\n\n**60-69.9%** | **50-59.9%** | **40-49.9%** | **30-39.9%** | **20-29.9%** | **10-19.9%** | ** <0-9.9% ** \n---|---|---|---|---|---|--- \nUnited Kingdom | Azerbaijan | Bangladesh | Benin | Burundi | Somalia | Iran \nAustralia | Belgium | Malta | China | Republic of the Congo | Libya | Eritrea \nNetherlands | Croatia | Paraguay | Lesotho | Central African Republic | | North Korea \nPortugal | Czechia | Qatar | Mongolia | Palau | | \nUnited States | Italy | Saudi Arabia | Morocco | Venezuela | | \nIreland | Latvia | Sri Lanka | Senegal | Zimbabwe | | \nNorway | Philippines | Trinidad and Tobago | Malawi | Sudan | | \nSpain | Argentina | T\u00fcrkiye | Oman | Turkmenistan | | \nSweden | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Belarus | South Korea | Vanuatu | | \nAlbania | Cyprus | Bolivia | C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire | Chad | | \nAustria | Lithuania | Guatemala | Haiti | Gabon | | \nDenmark | North Macedonia | Honduras | Kuwait | Russia | | \nFrance | Romania | Iceland | Maldives | Equatorial Guinea | | \nGeorgia | Slovakia | Kyrgyzstan | Niger | | | \nGermany | Estonia | Moldova | Pakistan | | | \nGreece | Serbia | Singapore | Algeria | | | \nCanada | Slovenia | Tunisia | Burkina Faso | | | \nFinland | Uruguay | Viet Nam | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | | \nMontenegro | Bahrain | Taiwan | Djibouti | | | \n| Bulgaria | Colombia | Eswatini | | | \n| Chile | Dominican Republic | Gambia | | | \n| Hungary | Fiji | Guinea | | | \n| Mexico | India | Mauritius | | | \n| Peru | Jordan | Nicaragua | | | \n| Poland | Kazakhstan | Tajikistan | | | \n| Thailand | Kenya | Brunei Darussalam | | | \n| Armenia | Lao PDR | Mauritania | | | \n| New Zealand | Uganda | Timor-Leste | | | \n| Nigeria | Uzbekistan | Guinea-Bissau | | | \n| Bahamas | Belize | Iraq | | | \n| South Africa | El Salvador | Lebanon | | | \n| Brazil | Ethiopia | Seychelles | | | \n| Costa Rica | Ghana | Sierra Leone | | | \n| Ecuador | Israel | Togo | | | \n| Guyana | Malaysia | Hong Kong | | | \n| Jamaica | Mozambique | Cabo Verde | | | \n| Luxembourg | Nepal | Cuba | | | \n| Panama | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | Liechtenstein | | | \n| Saint Lucia | Zambia | Mali | | | \n| Ukraine | Kosovo | Papua New Guinea | | | \n| Indonesia | Angola | Solomon Islands | | | \n| Rwanda | Antigua and Barbuda | Suriname | | | \n| Switzerland | Egypt | | | | \n| United Arab Emirates | Japan | | | | \n| | Namibia | | | | \n| | Botswana | | | | \n| | Cambodia | | | | \n| | Madagascar | | | | \n| | Myanmar | | | | \n| | Tanzania | | | | \n| | Barbados | | | | \n| | Cameroon | | | | \n| | Liberia | | | | \n \n**** ***** Afghanistan, Palestine, South Sudan, Syria, and Yemen have been\nexcluded due to ongoing conflict and extreme disruption to government\nfunction.\n\n### Endnotes\n\n1 Freedom House 2022, _The Global Expansion of Authoritarian Rule_ .\nAvailable from: https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2022/global-\nexpansion-authoritarian-rule. [2 March 2023].\n\n2 Birchall J 2020, _Data and Evidence on Global Rollback of Women and Girls_\n_\u2019_ _Rights Since 2016_ _,_ K4D Helpdesk Report. Available from:\nhttps://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/bitstream/handle/20.500.12413/15886/HDR%20924%20-%20Data%20and%20evidence%20on%20rollback%20of%20women%20and%20girls%20rights%20_V3.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y.\n[2 March 2023].\n\n3 The World Bank 2022, _Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2022: Reversals of\nFortune_ . Available from: https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/poverty-\nand-shared-prosperity. [2 March 2023].\n\n4 Council on Foreign Relations 2023, _Ukraine: Conflict at the Crossroads of\nEurope and Russia_ . Available from: https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/ukraine-\nconflict-crossroads-europe-and-russia. [5 March 2023].\n\n5 UN Human Rights Council 2014, _Report of the Commission of Inquiry on Human\nRights in the Democratic People_ _\u2019_ _s Republic of Korea_ \u2013 A/HRC/25/63.\nAvailable from:\nhttps://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohchr.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FDocuments%2FHRBodies%2FHRCouncil%2FCoIDPRK%2FReport%2FA.HRC.25.63.doc&wdOrigin=BROWSELINK].\n[5 March 2023].\n\n6 McCabe, H & Eglen, L 2022, \u2018\u2018I bought you. You are my wife\u2019: \u2018Modern\nSlavery\u2019 and Forced Marriage\u2019, _Journal of Human Trafficking_ , pp. 1\u201324.\nAvailable from:\nhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/23322705.2022.2096366. [15 March\n2023].\n\n7 International Labour Organization 2019, _Observation (CEACR) \u2013 adopted\n2018, published 108_ _th_ _ILO session (2019): Eritrea_ . Available from:\nhttps://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:13100:0::NO::P13100_COMMENT_ID,P11110_COUNTRY_ID,P11110_COUNTRY_NAME,P11110_COMMENT_YEAR:3958326,103282,Eritrea,2018.\n[15 March 2023].\n\n8 Human Rights Watch 2019, _\u2018_ _They Are Making Us into Slaves, Not Educating\nUs_ _\u2019_ _| How Indefinite Conscription Restricts Young People_ _\u2019_ _s Rights,\nAccess to Education in Eritrea_ . Available from:\nhttps://www.hrw.org/report/2019/08/08/they-are-making-us-slaves-not-educating-\nus/how-indefinite-conscription-restricts. [14 March 2023].\n\n9 2020, \u2018Nevsun lawsuit (re Bisha mine, Eritrea)\u2019, _Business & Human Rights\nResource Centre. _ Available from: https://www.business-\nhumanrights.org/en/latest-news/nevsun-lawsuit-re-bisha-mine-eritrea/. [20\nDecember 2022].\n\n10 Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons 2022, _Trafficking in\nPersons report: Mauritania,_ United States Department of State. Available\nfrom: https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-trafficking-in-persons-\nreport/mauritania/. [14 March 2023].\n\n11 As above; United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights\n2022, _Special Rapporteur on Contemporary Forms of Slavery End of Mission\nStatement: Mauritania_ . Available from:\nhttps://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohchr.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2022-05%2FEnd_Mission_Statement_Mauritania_May2022.docx&wdOrigin=BROWSELINK.\n[14 March 2023].\n\n12 Amnesty International 2019, _Mauritania report 2019_ . Available from:\nhttps://www.amnesty.org/en/location/africa/west-and-central-\nafrica/mauritania/report-mauritania/. [5 March 2023].\n\n13 OECD 2021, _OECD Better Life Index_ . Available from:\nhttps://www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org/topics/life-satisfaction/. [14 March\n2023]; World Economic Forum 2021, _Global Gender Gap Report 2021_ . Available\nfrom https://www.weforum.org/reports/gender-gap-2021-report-100-years-pay-\nequality. [14 March 2023]; United Nations Development Programme 2021, _Human\nDevelopment Report 2020_ . Available from:\nhttp://hdr.undp.org/en/content/2020-human-development-index-ranking. [14 March\n2023].\n\n14 International Organization for Migration 2022, _World Migration Report_ .\nAvailable from: https://worldmigrationreport.iom.int/wmr-2022-interactive/.\n[10 April 2023].\n\n15 2022, \u2018EU Countries Continue to Extend Physical Barriers to Prevent\nIllegal Entry of Migrants\u2019, _Schengen visa news_ , 8 September 2022. Available\nfrom: https://www.schengenvisainfo.com/news/eu-countries-continue-to-extend-\nphysical-barriers-to-prevent-illegal-entry-of-migrants/. [22 March 2023];\n2022, \u2018Walls and fences at EU borders\u2019, _European Parliament_ . Available\nfrom:\nhttps://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2022/733692/EPRS_BRI(2022)733692_EN.pdf.\n[22 March 2023].\n\n16 Hagen-Zanker, J & Mallet, R, \u2018Migration policy: three things to know about\n\u2018Fortress Europe\u2019, _ODI_ . Available from:\nhttps://odi.org/en/insights/migration-policy-three-things-to-know-about-\nfortress-europe/. [22 March 2023].\n\n17 Migration and Home Affairs, \u2018Country responsible for asylum application\n(Dublin Regulation)\u2019, _European Commission._ Available from: https://home-\naffairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/common-european-asylum-\nsystem/country-responsible-asylum-application-dublin-regulation_en. [22 March\n2023].\n\n18 \u2018Migratory Routes\u2019, _Frontex_ . Available from:\nhttps://frontex.europa.eu/what-we-do/migratory-routes/central-mediterranean-\nroute/. [22 March 2023].\n\n19 Migration and Home Affairs, \u2018Country responsible for asylum application\n(Dublin Regulation)\u2019, _European Commission._ Available from: https://home-\naffairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/common-european-asylum-\nsystem/country-responsible-asylum-application-dublin-regulation_en. [22 March\n2023].\n\n20 Ministers and State Secretaries of Interior and/or Migration of the\nRepublic of Austria, the Kingdom of Belgium, the Kingdom of Denmark, the\nFrench Republic, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Kingdom of the\nNetherlands, the Swiss Confederation 2023, \u2018Joint Communiqu\u00e9\u2019, _Politico_ , 8\nMarch. Available from: https://www.politico.eu/wp-\ncontent/uploads/2023/03/09/JointStatementv8-3.pdf. [22 March 2023]; Orb\u00e1n, T\n2023, \u2018EU Countries Call for Stricter Asylum Rules\u2019, _The European\nConservative_ , 11 March. Available from:\nhttps://europeanconservative.com/articles/news/eu-countries-call-for-stricter-\nasylum-rules/. [22 March 2023].\n\n21 _Modern Slavery Act, 2018_ (Australia Cmlth).\n\n22 Observat\u00f3rio do tr\u00e1fico de seres humanos 2020 _,_ _Tr\u00e1fico_ _de_ _seres_\n__ _humanos_ _,_ _relat\u00f3rio_ _de 2019,_ _Minist\u00e9rio_ _da_ _Administra\u00e7\u00e3o_\n_Interna_ _._ Available from: https://www.cig.gov.pt/wp-\ncontent/uploads/2020/09/Trafico_de_Seres_Humanos___Relatorio_Anual_sobre_2019.pdf.\n[22 March 2023].\n\n23 _Nationality and Borders Act, 2022_ (UK Parliament).\n\n24 _Illegal Migration Bill, 2023_ (UK Parliament).\n\n25 2020, \u2018ILO Child Labour Convention achieves universal ratification, 4\nAugust 2020, _International_ _Labour_ _Organization_ . Available from:\nhttps://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-\nilo/newsroom/news/WCMS_749858/lang\u2013en/index.htm. [5 April 2023].\n\n26 United Nations Treaty Collection n.d., _12\\. a Protocol to Prevent,\nSuppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children,\nsupplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized\nCrime_ . Available from:\nhttps://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XVIII-12-a&chapter=18#4.\n[15 September 2021].\n\n27 Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons 2021, _Trafficking in\nPersons Report: Brunei Country Narrative_ , United States Department of State,\npp. 139-141. Available from: https://www.state.gov/wp-\ncontent/uploads/2021/07/TIP_Report_Final_20210701.pdf. [13 June 2022].\n\n28 Hayat, H 2021, \u2018Brunei stands firm against human trafficking\u2019, _Borneo\nBulletin_ , 27 January. Available from: https://borneobulletin.com.bn/brunei-\nstands-firm-against-human-trafficking/. [13 June 2022].\n\n29 2020, \u2018Oman eases restrictions on sponsorship transfer\u2019, _Migrant-\nRights.Org_ , 8 June. Available from: https://www.migrant-\nrights.org/2020/06/oman-eases-restrictions-on-sponsorship-transfer/. [3\nNovember 2020].\n\n30 2020, \u2018Qatar: Significant Labor and Kafala Reforms\u2019, _Human Rights Watch_\n, 24 September. Available from: https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/09/24/qatar-\nsignificant-labor-and-kafala-reforms. [2 November 2020].\n\n31 2020, \u2018Saudi Arabia eases \u2018kafala\u2019 system restrictions on migrant\nworkers\u2019, _BBC News_ , 4 November. Available from:\nhttps://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-54813515. [5 November 2021]; 2020,\n\u2018Ministry of Human Resources and Social Development Launches Labor Reforms for\nPrivate Sector Workers\u2019, _Saudi Press Agency_ , 4 November. Available from:\nhttps://www.spa.gov.sa/viewfullstory.php?lang=en&newsid=2153476#2153476. [13\nMay 2021].\n\n32 Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons 2020, _Trafficking in\nPersons Report: Republic of Congo Narrative_ , United States Department of\nState, p. 166. Available from: https://www.state.gov/wp-\ncontent/uploads/2020/06/2020-TIP-Report-Complete-062420-FINAL.pdf. [23 May\n2022].\n\n33 Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons 2021, _Trafficking in\nPersons Report: Canada Country Narrative_ , United States Department of State,\npp. 164-168. Available from: https://www.state.gov/wp-\ncontent/uploads/2021/07/TIP_Report_Final_20210701.pdf. [29 November 2021].\n\n34 _An Act Prohibiting the Practice of Child Marriage and Imposing Penalties\nfor Violations Thereof, 2021_ (Republic Act No. 11596) (The Philippines);\nParrocha, A 2022, \u2018Duterte signs law criminalizing child marriage\u2019,\n_Philippine News Agency_ , 6 January. Available from:\nhttps://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1164695#:~:text=MANILA%20%E2%80%93%20Child%20marriage%20is%20now,Republic%20Act%20(R.A.)&text=Under%20the%20law%2C%20the%20facilitation,%E2%80%9Cunlawful%20and%20prohibited%20acts.%E2%80%9D.\n[31 January 2022].\n\n35 Group of Experts on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings 2020,\n_Evaluation Report: Albania. Third Evaluation Round: Access to justice and\neffective remedies for victims of trafficking in human beings_ , Council of\nEurope. Available from: https://rm.coe.int/greta-2020-09-fgr-alb-\nen/1680a0b84f. [22 March 2023].\n\n36 Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons 2023, _U.S. Advisory\nCouncil on Human Trafficking_ , US Department of State. Available from:\nhttps://www.state.gov/u-s-advisory-council-on-human-trafficking/. [22 March\n2023].\n\n37 We have excluded Afghanistan, Palestine, South Sudan, Syria, and Yemen due\nto ongoing conflict and extreme disruption. We have also excluded small island\nstates where these were not included in the US Trafficking in Persons Report\nand/ or excluded from at least five global datasets.\n\n38 2023, \u2018Legal age of marriage in England and Wales rises to 18\u2019, _Gov.uk_ ,\n27 February. Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/news/legal-age-of-\nmarriage-in-england-and-wales-rises-\nto-18#:~:text=Vulnerable%20children%20across%20England%20and,18%20in%20England%20and%20Wales.\n[22 March 2023].\n\n39 _The Transparency Act,_ 2021\\. (Norway)\n\n40 _Law on the Corporate Duty of Vigilance, 2017_ (Act no. 2017-399) (France)\n\n41 _Swiss Code of Obligations,_ 964j et seqq __ (Switzerland), _Due Diligence\nand Transparency Ordinance, 2023_ (Switzerland)\n\n42 _Act on Corporate Due Diligence in Supply Chains, 2021_ (Germany)\n\n43 2023, \u2018An Update on Proposed Dutch Mandatory Human Rights Due Diligence\nLegislation \u2013 The November 2022 Amended Bill\u2019, _Ropes & Gray _ , 5 January.\nAvailable from: https://www.ropesgray.com/en/newsroom/alerts/2023/01/an-\nupdate-on-proposed-dutch-mandatory-human-rights-due-diligence-legislation-the-\nnovember-2022. [22 March 2023].\n\n44 _Child Labour Due Diligence Law, 2019_ (Netherlands)\n\n45 _Tariff Act of 1930_ (United States)\n\n46 Office of the Spokesperson 2022, \u2018Press Statement: Implementation of the\nUyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act\u2019, _United States Department of State_ , 21\nJune. Available from: https://www.state.gov/implementation-of-the-uyghur-\nforced-labor-prevention-act/. [12 July 2022]; _Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention\nAct_ (H.R.6210) (United States)\n\n47 Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office 2022, _UK Sanctions List\nPublication_ , United Kingdom. Available from:\nhttps://docs.fcdo.gov.uk/docs/UK-Sanctions-List.html. [23 August 2022]; Joint\nStanding Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade 2020, _Criminality,\ncorruption and impunity: Should Australia join the Global Magnitsky_\n_movement?,_ __ Commonwealth of Australia, p. 40. Available\nfrom:https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Joint/Foreign_Affairs_Defence_and_Trade/MagnitskyAct/Report.\n[23 August 2022].\n\n48 Bureau of International Labor Affairs 2020, _2020 Findings on the Worst\nForms of Child Labor_ , United States Department of Labor, p. 427. Available\nfrom:\nhttps://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/child_labor_reports/tda2020/2020_TDA_BigBook_Online_optimized.pdf.\n[13 July 2022].\n\n49 2020, \u2018All That Glitters is Not Gold: Turmoil in Zimbabwe\u2019s Mining\nSector\u2019, _International Crisis Group_ , 24 November. Available from:\nhttps://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/southern-africa/zimbabwe/294-all-glitters-\nnot-gold-turmoil-zimbabwes-mining-sector. [22 March 2023].\n\n50 Global Organized Crime Index _,_ _Tajikistan_ . Available from:\nhttps://ocindex.net/country/Tajikistan. [22 March 2022].\n\n51 2021, \u2018Qatar: World Cup contractors allegedly misusing visas to recruit\nNepali workers left vulnerable to contract substitution & fee-charging; incl.\nSupreme Committee & co. responses\u2019, _Business & Human Rights Resource Centre _\n, 6 September. Available from: https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/latest-\nnews/qatar-world-cup-contractors-allegedly-misusing-visas-to-recruit-nepali-\nworkers-left-vulnerable-to-contract-substitution-fee-charging-incl-supreme-\ncommittee-co-responses/?mc_cid=f45959fa24&mc_eid=a18fa05e7c. [2 February\n2022]; Pattisson, P & McIntyre, N 2021, \u2018Revealed: 6,500 migrant workers have\ndied in Qatar since World Cup awarded\u2019, _The Guardian_ , 23 February.\nAvailable from: https://www.theguardian.com/global-\ndevelopment/2021/feb/23/revealed-migrant-worker-deaths-qatar-fifa-world-\ncup-2022. [2 February 2022]; Business & Human Rights Resource Centre 2021,\n_Checked Out: Migrant Worker Abuse in Qatar_ _\u2019_ _s World Cup Luxury Hotels_ .\nAvailable from: https://media.business-\nhumanrights.org/media/documents/2021_Qatar_Hotels_v547.pdf. [30 November\n2021]; Pattisson, P 2021, \u2018Migrant guards in Qatar \u2018still paid under \u00a31 an\nhour\u2019 ahead of World Cup\u2019, _The Guardian_ , 1 June. Available from:\nhttps://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2021/jun/01/migrant-guards-in-\nqatar-still-paid-under-1-an-hour-ahead-of-world-cup. [2 February 2022];\nEquidem 2020, _The Cost of Contagion: The human rights impacts of COVID-19 on\nmigrant workers in the Gulf_ . Available from:\nhttps://www.equidem.org/assets/downloads/1837_Equidem_The_Cost_of_Congation_Report_ART_WEB.pdf.\n[30 November 2021]; Debre, I & Harb, M 2021, \u2018Expo 2020\u2032s workers face\nhardships despite Dubai\u2019s promises\u2019, _AP News_ , 5 December. Available from:\nhttps://apnews.com/article/coronavirus-pandemic-business-health-middle-east-\nafrica-386c8ee45123e7bea212e14cc106adc2. [13 February 2022].\n\n52 Amnesty International 2020, _Reality Check 2020: Countdown to the 2022\nWorld Cup Migrant Workers_ _\u2019_ _Rights in Qatar_ , p. 15. Available from:\nhttps://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-\ncontent/uploads/2021/05/MDE2232972020ENGLISH.pdf. [31 January 2022].\n\n53 2023, \u2018Hong Kong to launch public consultation on further regulating\nmigrant domestic worker \u2018job-hopping\u2019\u2019, _Hong Kong Free Press_ , 17 March.\nAvailable from: https://hongkongfp.com/2023/03/17/hong-kong-to-launch-public-\nconsultation-on-further-regulating-migrant-domestic-worker-job-hopping/. [22\nMarch 2023].\n\n54 OECD 2019, \u2018Low-skilled labour migration in Korea\u2019, in OECD, _Recruiting\nImmigration Workers: Korea_ . Available from: https://www.oecd-\nilibrary.org/sites/9789264307872-8-en/index.html?itemId=/content/component/9789264307872-8-en.\n[23 March 2023].\n\n55 HOME & Liberty Shared 2019, _Behind Closed Doors: Forced_ _Labour_ _in the\nDomestic Work Sector in Singapore_ . Available from:\nhttps://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a12725612abd96b9c737354/t/5c3d7b534fa51aa111983e4a/1547533156689/FINAL+Forced+Labour+Report+V8.pdf.\n[23 March 2023].\n\n56 International Labour Organization & Walk Free 2017, _Methodology of the\nGlobal Estimates of Modern Slavery: Forced Labour and Forced Marriage_ .\nAvailable from:\nhttps://www.alliance87.org/methodology_of_the_global_estimates_of_modern_slavery-\nforced_labour_and_forced_marriage.pdf.\n\n57 As above.\n\n58 As above.\n\n+61 8 6460 4949 \ninfo@walkfree.org \nPO Box 3155, Broadway \nNedlands, WA 6009\n\n[ ](https://au.linkedin.com/company/walkfree) [\n](https://www.instagram.com/walkfree/) [ ](https://twitter.com/WalkFree) [\n](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC5oDLrZMfO6GHunpWE2p2pA)\n\n\u00a9 2025 Minderoo Foundation Pty Ltd. All rights reserved.\n\n * [ Privacy Policy ](https://www.walkfree.org/privacy-policy/)\n * [ Terms and Conditions ](https://www.walkfree.org/terms-and-conditions/)\n * [ Collection Statement ](https://www.walkfree.org/collection-statement/)\n\nBack to top\n\n",
"url": "https://www.walkfree.org/global-slavery-index/findings/global-findings/"
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"reason": "Walk Free is an organization focused on ending modern slavery. The Global Slavery Index provides data and analysis on modern slavery, which is relevant to supply chain human rights.",
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"summary": "This page from Walk Free presents findings from the Global Slavery Index.",
"url": "https://www.walkfree.org/global-slavery-index/findings/global-findings/"
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"source": "https://www.stern.nyu.edu/experience-stern/news-events/garment-industry-bangladesh"
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"page_content": "Skip to main content\n\n[ ](/)\n\n# [ Experience Stern ](/experience-stern) | [ News & Events ](/experience-stern/news-events)\n\nPress Releases\n\n## In-Depth Discussion Gathers Stakeholders on Bangladeshi Manufacturing\n\n\u2014 9/13/2013\n\nCenter for Business and Human Rights' first convening examines supply chain\nfrom Bangladesh to Western consumers\n\nThe NYU Stern [ Center on Business and Human Rights ](/experience-\nstern/about/departments-centers-initiatives/centers-of-research/business-\nhuman-rights) brought together senior government officials from Bangladesh,\nlocal manufacturers, senior officials from the Bangladesh Garment\nManufacturers and Export Association (BGMEA), and representatives of\nBangladesh civil society and workers\u2019 organizations to discuss workplace\nsafety and the future of the garment industry in Bangladesh. Participants were\njoined by major U.S. and European retailers, several Western governments, key\nintergovernmental organizations, and outside experts. NYU Stern Dean [ Peter\nHenry ](http://www.stern.nyu.edu/faculty/bio/peter-henry) , Chair of Stern\u2019s\nBoard of Overseers William R. Berkley and NYU Stern Professor [ Michael Posner\n](http://www.stern.nyu.edu/faculty/bio/michael-posner) opened the meeting. Lew\nKaden, former Vice Chairman of Citigroup, moderated the discussion. This was\nthe Center\u2019s first major convening since its launch in March 2013. The meeting\nwas organized by [ Sarah Labowitz\n](http://www.stern.nyu.edu/faculty/bio/sarah-labowitz) who travelled on the\nCenter\u2019s behalf to Bangladesh in July. \n \nThe meeting focused on four broad topics related to workplace safety in\nBangladesh: the economics of the sourcing relationship between buyers,\nsuppliers, and subcontractors; the role of Western governments and\nintergovernmental organizations in enhancing workplace safety and worker\nempowerment; the regulatory landscape for the garment sector; and three recent\nefforts by the government, international brands, and the International Labor\nOrganization (ILO) to fill governance gaps. Representatives of each of these\nthree initiatives \u2013 the Accord on Fire and Building Safety in Bangladesh, the\nAlliance for Bangladesh Worker Safety, and the National Tripartite Plan of\nAction \u2013 were at the table. \n \n\u201cMeeting at Stern encouraged a frank discussion of the challenges and\nopportunities in Bangladesh. It underscored the need for greater coordination\namong the various national and international actors, for greater transparency\nand for a longer term look at the sustainability of the current sourcing\nmodel,\u201d Labowitz said. \n \nBased in part on comments and suggestions made at this meeting, NYU Stern\u2019s\nCenter for Business and Human Rights will produce a report on workplace safety\nin the context of building a sustainable garment sector in Bangladesh that\ncontinues to contribute to the country\u2019s economic growth and protects the\nrights of workers who are at the heart of the industry. The report will be\nreleased in the coming months. The Center will convene a follow-up meeting in\nDhaka early in 2014. \n \n_About the NYU Stern Center for Business and Human Rights_ \nThe NYU Stern Center for Business and Human Rights is focused on what\ncompanies are doing and should be doing to ensure respect for human rights in\ntheir core business operations. The Center is working to prepare future\nbusiness leaders with the tools they will need to address complex human rights\nchallenges that directly affect their own operations. To advance this mission,\nthe Center is pursuing three primary activities: 1) teaching and research, 2)\nproviding a safe, solutions-oriented convening space for companies and other\nstakeholders and 3) public education and advocacy. \n \n_About New York University Leonard N. Stern School of Business_ \nLocated in the heart of Greenwich Village, New York University Stern School of\nBusiness is one of the world\u2019s premier research and teaching institutions. NYU\nStern offers a broad portfolio of graduate and undergraduate programs, all of\nthem informed and enriched by the dynamism, energy, and resources of the\nworld\u2019s business capital. Visit [ www.stern.nyu.edu\n](http://www.stern.nyu.edu) and follow us on Twitter @NYUStern.\n\n[ Make a Gift ](https://www.nyu.edu/giving/forms/special-\ncampaigns/?id=20&%3Bac=SWBGV) Your support makes a Stern education possible\nfor our students.\n\n\u00a9 2025 Leonard N. Stern School of Business\n\n",
"url": "https://www.stern.nyu.edu/experience-stern/news-events/garment-industry-bangladesh"
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"reason": "This page from NYU Stern discusses issues in the garment industry in Bangladesh, which are relevant to supply chain human rights.",
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"search_query": "company 'Cowboy' supply chain human rights",
"summary": "This page from NYU Stern discusses issues in the garment industry in Bangladesh.",
"url": "https://www.stern.nyu.edu/experience-stern/news-events/garment-industry-bangladesh"
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"source": "https://foodispower.org/human-labor-slavery/slavery-chocolate/"
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\nSkip to content\n\n * * [ Espa\u00f1ol ](https://foodispower.org/es/trabajo-humano-esclavitud/la-esclavitud-en-la-industria-del-chocolate/ \"Espa\u00f1ol\")\n\n * [ __ ](https://www.facebook.com/foodempowermentproject/)\n * [ __ ](https://www.threads.net/@foodempowermentproject)\n * [ __ ](https://instagram.com/foodempowermentproject/)\n * [ __ ](https://www.linkedin.com/company/food-empowerment-project/)\n * [ __ ](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCaHXQ0fthka-7EuadaRNsGg)\n * [ __ ](https://bsky.app/profile/foodispower.bsky.social)\n * [ __ ](https://www.tiktok.com/@foodempowermentproject)\n\nCredit: International Labor Rights Forum\n\n# Child Labor and Slavery in the Chocolate Industry\n\nChocolate is a product of the cacao bean, which grows primarily in the\ntropical climates of Western Africa, Asia, and Latin America. [1] The cacao\nbean is more commonly referred to as cocoa, so that is the term that will be\nused throughout this article. **Western African countries, mostly Ghana and\nthe Ivory Coast, supply about 70% of the world\u2019s cocoa** . [2] The cocoa\nthey grow and harvest is sold to a majority of chocolate companies, including\nthe largest in the world. [3, 4]\n\nIn the past few decades, a handful of organizations and journalists have\nexposed the widespread use of child labor, and in some cases slavery, on cocoa\nfarms in Western Africa. [5, 6, 7, 4, 8] Child labor has been found on cocoa\nfarms in Cameroon, Guinea, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone, although since most of\nWestern Africa\u2019s cocoa is grown in Ghana and the Ivory Coast, the majority of\nchild labor cases have been documented in those two countries. [9, 10, 2]\n\nIn recent years, evidence has also surfaced of both child labor and slavery on\ncocoa farms in Brazil. [11] Cocoa workers there face many of the same abuses\nas those on the cocoa farms of Western Africa.\n\nAside from cocoa production in Western Africa and Brazil, a significant amount\nof cocoa is also grown in other parts of Latin America. While it remains\npossible that some cocoa farms in these places may employ child labor or\nslavery, at this time, neither practice has been documented as prevalent on\ncocoa farms outside of Western Africa and Brazil. [9]\n\nOver the years, the chocolate industry has become increasingly secretive,\nmaking it difficult for reporters to not only access farms where human rights\nviolations still occur, but to then disseminate this information to the\npublic. In 2004, the Ivorian First Lady\u2019s entourage allegedly kidnapped and\nkilled a journalist reporting on government corruption in its profitable cocoa\nindustry. [12] In 2010, Ivorian government authorities detained three\nnewspaper journalists after they published an article exposing government\ncorruption in the cocoa sector. [13]\n\n**The farms of Western Africa and Brazil supply cocoa to international giants\nsuch as Hershey\u2019s, Mars, and Nestl\u00e9 as well as many small chocolate\ncompanies\u2014revealing the industry\u2019s direct connection to the worst forms of\nchild labor, human trafficking, and slavery.** [8, 14]\n\n## The Worst Forms of Child Labor in Western Africa\n\nCredit: International Labor Rights Forum\n\nIn Western Africa, cocoa is a commodity crop grown primarily for export; cocoa\nis the Ivory Coast\u2019s primary export and makes up about half of the country\u2019s\nagricultural exports in volume. [15] Cocoa was originally brought to Western\nAfrica by European chocolate companies seeking to grow it where labor was\ncheap or free, and that colonial legacy exists in the chocolate industry\ntoday. [16] As the chocolate industry has grown over the years, so has the\ndemand for cheap cocoa. **Most cocoa farmers earn less than $1 per day, an\nincome below the extreme poverty line.** [17, 18] **As a result, they often\nresort to the use of child labor to keep their prices competitive.** [19] In\nmany cases, this includes what the International Labour Organization (ILO)\ncalls \u201cthe worst forms of child labor.\u201d These are defined as practices \u201clikely\nto harm the health, safety, or morals of children.\u201d [20] Approximately 2.1\nmillion children in the Ivory Coast and Ghana work on cocoa farms, most of\nwhom are likely exposed to the worst forms of child labor. [21, 22]\n\nThe children of Western Africa are surrounded by intense poverty, and many\nbegin working at a young age to help support their families. [23, 24, 14]\nSome children end up on the cocoa farms because they need work and traffickers\ntell them that the job pays well. [8] Other children are sold to traffickers\nor farm owners by their own relatives, who are unaware of the dangerous work\nenvironment and the lack of any provisions for an education. [25, 4] Often,\ntraffickers abduct the young children from small villages in neighboring\nAfrican countries, such as Burkina Faso and Mali, two of the poorest countries\nin the world. [26, 27] In one village in Burkina Faso, almost every mother\nin the village has had a child trafficked onto cocoa farms. [6] Traffickers\nwill then sell children to cocoa farmers.\n\nJournalists who went undercover as cocoa farmers documented traffickers in\nGhana selling children to them for $34 a child. [14] These children were\nliberated, and social workers reunited them with their families. [14]\n\n**Once they have been taken to the cocoa farms, the children may not see their\nfamilies for years, if ever.** [14] If a child who has been trafficked wants\nto go home, they will likely not be allowed because the trafficker has sold\nthem to work on the cocoa farms for a certain number of years. [14]\n\nMost of the children laboring on cocoa farms are between the ages of 12 and\n16, but reporters have found children as young as 5. [28, 29] In addition,\n40% of these children are girls, and some end up working on the cocoa farms\nthrough adulthood. [29, 4]\n\nChild laborers on cocoa farms work long hours, with some being forced to work\nup to 14 hours a day. [30] Some of the children use chainsaws to clear the\nforests. [29] Other children climb the cocoa trees to cut bean pods using a\nmachete. **These large, heavy, dangerous knives are the standard tools for\nchildren on the cocoa farms, which violates international labor laws and a UN\nconvention on eliminating the worst forms of child labor.** [20, 31, 8] Once\nthey cut the bean pods from the trees, the children pack the pods into sacks\nthat weigh more than 100 pounds when full and carry them through the forest.\n[8] Aly Diabate, a former enslaved cocoa worker, said, \u201cSome of the bags were\ntaller than me. It took two people to put the bag on my head. And when you\ndidn\u2019t hurry, you were beaten.\u201d [28]\n\n[ ](https://foodispower.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/young-boy-opening-\ncacao-pod.jpg) Credit: Romano\n\nHolding a single large pod in one hand, each child has to strike the pod with\na machete and pry it open with the tip of the blade to expose the cocoa beans.\n[14] Every strike of the machete has the potential to slice a child\u2019s flesh.\n**Many children have scars on their bodies from their work in on the cocoa\nfarms.** [29, 32]\n\nIn addition to the hazards of using machetes, children are also exposed to\nagricultural chemicals on cocoa farms in Western Africa. [4] Tropical\nregions such as Ghana and the Ivory Coast consistently choose to deal with\nprolific insect populations by spraying the pods with large amounts of\nindustrial chemicals. Young children spray the pods with these toxins without\nwearing protective clothing. [4] **There has been a huge increase in the\npast decade of the number of children exposed to agricultural chemicals on\nGhana and the Ivory Coast\u2019s cocoa farms, from 15% of children to approximately\n50% of children.** [33] *\n\nThe farm owners using child labor usually provide the children with the\ncheapest food available, such as corn paste or the cassava and bananas that\ngrow in the surrounding forest. [34, 4] In some cases, the children sleep on\nwooden planks in small windowless buildings with no access to clean water or\nsanitary bathrooms. [34, 8]\n\n**Around 30% of children laboring on cocoa farms in the Ivory Coast do not\nattend school,** **which violates the ILO\u2019s Child Labour Standards.** [29, 35]\nDepriving these children of an education has many short-term and long-term\neffects. Without an education, the children of the cocoa farms have little\nhope of ever breaking the cycle of poverty.\n\nAboudnamune, a 13-year-old child who has been working on cocoa farms since he\nwas 11, described his experience: \u201cWe are hungry, and we just make a small\namount of money.\u201d [8]\n\nIn 2015 the Ivory Coast passed laws requiring children attend school until age\n16 and making it illegal for children under 16 to work, but this has had\nlittle impact on children trafficked onto cocoa farms. [36] In an\ninvestigation by _The Washington Post_ , a cocoa laborer named Abou Traore\nfirst told a reporter that he was 19 years old, but when the farmer overseeing\nhim wasn\u2019t looking, Abou revealed that he was actually 15. [8]\n\nAbou, who is from Burkina Faso, started working on the cocoa farms when he was\n10 years old. **\u201cI came here to go to school,\u201d Abou said. \u201cI haven\u2019t been to\nschool for five years now.\u201d** [8]\n\nSome children labor on their parents\u2019 farms in Ghana and the Ivory Coast.\nCocoa farmers who want to send their children to school are often unable to\nafford to. Mr. Zongo, a farmer who has been working in cocoa for 30 years,\ncould only afford to send one of his children to school. [4]\n\n\u201cWe are exhausted and we don\u2019t have enough money,\u201d Mr. Zongo said. [4]\n\nParents like Mr. Zongo are forced to include their children in the farm labor\ninstead of sending them to school because they are not paid enough for the\ncocoa they sell. This is not because chocolate is unprofitable; the chocolate\nindustry makes about $103 billion a year in sales. [37] **It is through the\nindustry\u2019s exploitation of cocoa farmers that these corporations are able to\nmake such a profit.** As a result, chocolate companies have little incentive\nto change the conditions of cocoa farmers and thereby reduce child labor.\n\n## Slavery in Western Africa\n\n[ ](https://foodispower.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/young-boy-bag.jpg)\nCredit: Romano\n\nMany children trafficked into Western African cocoa farms are coerced to work\nwithout pay. [3, 7, 14] Abby Mills, campaigns director of the International\nLabor Rights Forum, reported, \u201cEvery research study ever conducted in shows\nthat there is human trafficking going on, particularly in the Ivory Coast.\u201d\n[38] **A journalist who visited cocoa farms in Ghana during the making of the\ndocumentary _Invisible Hands_ said that they found incidents of trafficked\nchildren on all of the farms they visited. ** [14] \n\nBoth children and adults are enslaved on cocoa farms in the Ivory Coast and\nGhana. [39] A study found that in Ghana, 23% of surveyed cocoa laborers\nreported having performed work without compensation. [40] While the term\n\u201cslavery\u201d has a variety of historical contexts, slavery in the cocoa industry\ninvolves the same core human rights violations as other forms of slavery\nthroughout the world.\n\nIn the documentary Chocolate\u2019s Heart of Darkness, journalists interviewed a\ncocoa laborer named Aziz who worked for five years without payment, starting\nwhen he was 15 years old. Another laborer on the same farm named Ali worked\nfor six years without being paid. After years of working for free, Ali and\nAziz were given small cocoa parcels as \u201crewards,\u201d which they could sell for\nvery little. Ali, for example, made only about $250 in one year from selling\nhis share of cocoa. [4]\n\nCredit: International Labor Rights Forum\n\nCases of slavery in the cocoa industry often involve acts of physical\nviolence, such as being whipped for working slowly or trying to escape.\nReporters have also documented cases where children were locked in at night to\nprevent them from escaping. [34] Former enslaved cocoa worker Aly Diabate\ntold reporters, \u201cThe beatings were a part of my life. Anytime they loaded you\nwith bags and you fell while carrying them, nobody helped you. Instead, they\nbeat you and beat you until you picked it up again.\u201d [28] Drissa, a freed\nenslaved worker who had never even tasted chocolate, experienced similar\ncircumstances. **When asked what he would tell people who eat chocolate made\nfrom slave labor, he replied that they enjoyed something that he suffered to\nmake, adding, \u201cWhen people eat chocolate, they are eating my flesh.\u201d** [41]\n\nIn the Supreme Court case _Nestl\u00e9 USA and Cargill v. Doe_ , six people from\nMali sought damages from Nestl\u00e9 and Cargill for being trafficked into the\nIvory Coast as children and forced to work on cocoa farms in the Ivory Coast.\n[42] The formerly enslaved plaintiffs described how guards would punish child\nworkers who attempted to flee with atrocities such as forcing them to drink\nurine or cutting open their feet. [30] If the guards thought they weren\u2019t\nworking quickly enough, they would beat them with tree branches. [30] The\nplaintiffs also described how they were kept in locked rooms at night and only\ngiven scraps of food to eat. [30]\n\nThe workers\u2019 attorney, Paul L. Hoffman, said his clients were \u201cformer child\nslaves seeking compensation from two U.S. corporations which maintain a system\nof child slavery and forced labor in their Ivory Coast supply chain as a\nmatter of corporate policy to gain a competitive advantage in the U.S.\nmarket.\u201d [42]\n\nBusiness groups like the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, along with Nestl\u00e9 and\nCargill, wanted the case tossed out, and got their wish when the Supreme Court\nappallingly ruled in favor of the chocolate companies. [42, 43]\n\nNestl\u00e9 and Cargill, along with Mars, Hershey\u2019s, Barry Callebaut, Olam and\nMondel\u0113z, were simultaneously sued in another federal case (which is still\npending) involving eight formerly enslaved plaintiffs also trafficked from\nMali to cocoa farms in the Ivory Coast. [32, 44] Among other abuses, the\nplaintiffs were fed very little and were often kept alone, isolated from one\nother, while on the cocoa farms. [32] The chocolate companies unsurprisingly\ntried to get the case tossed here as well. [45]\n\n## Child Labor and Slavery in Brazil\n\nUnlike child labor and slavery in the West African cocoa industry, which has\nbeen exposed for some time, these abuses remained hidden on Brazilian cocoa\nfarms until only a few years ago. [11]\n\nWhile cocoa is native to the Amazon, Brazil only produces about 3.7% of the\nworld\u2019s supply. The Brazilian states of Par\u00e1 and Bahia account for almost all\nof the country\u2019s cocoa production. The residents of the main municipalities\nthat produce cocoa, Ilh\u00e9us in Bahia and Medicil\u00e2ndia in Par\u00e1, face high rates\nof poverty. In Illh\u00e9us, for example, more than 22% the population live in\nhomes without a toilet or running water. [11]\n\n**At least 7,900 children and adolescents between the ages of 10 and 17 work\non Brazil\u2019s cocoa farms.** [11] Veronica, a 14-year-old child who was\ninterviewed in the documentary _The Cocoa Route_ , has been working in cocoa\nsince the age of 7. [46]\n\nStacking the cacao beans is the part of the harvest process that most often\nuses child labor in Brazil. Like in Western Africa, the Brazilian child\nworkers also use machetes to harvest the cocoa from tree branches. They then\ncarry baskets of the fruit, which can weigh up to 44 pounds, on their backs.\n[11]\n\nParents who work in cacao production often have no choice but to include their\nchildren in the harvest. Interviewed parents described that since farmers are\npaid such a low price for the cocoa, if their children do not collaborate on\nthe plantations, \u201cthe bills don\u2019t get paid.\u201d [11]\n\nMany children who work on cocoa farms do not attend school, or if they do\nattend, they may arrive without their homework completed and fall behind in\ntheir learning as a result. [11, 46] In a report by the ILO, the parents\ninterviewed want to prioritize education in their children\u2019s lives, but are\nfaced with no alternative. [11]\n\n**One cocoa farmer described, \u201cIf I didn\u2019t have this rope around my neck, my\n12-year-old-son, who works in the harvest, would be studying.\u201d** [11]\n\nCases of slavery in Brazilian cocoa production were also discovered in recent\nyears. Enslaved cocoa workers have been subject to unsanitary housing, poor\nwork conditions, debt bondage, and long work hours. In three inspection\noperations in the same main cocoa producing municipalities, Medicil\u00e2ndia and\nIlh\u00e9us, 83 workers were rescued. [11]\n\nIn June 2017, three workers were rescued from conditions of slavery that they\nhad been experiencing since 2009. Inspectors discovered two huts with\n\u201cappalling storage and hygiene conditions\u201d and without electricity, running\nwater, or toilets. The people that lived there had to collect untreated water\nto drink using empty agricultural chemical packaging to carry the water. [11]\n\n## The Industry\u2019s Response\n\nFor years, the chocolate industry has not sufficiently addressed accusations\nof child labor in its supply chain, and many companies refuse to release\ninformation about where they sourced their cocoa . [47] Recently, many of\nthe world\u2019s largest chocolate manufacturers have admitted to the existence of\nchild labor and slavery within their supply chains, but this is only because\nthey have been pressured to by consumers.\n\nSince companies have been forced to acknowledge these abusive practices, their\nnext tactic has been to distance themselves from their responsibility to end\nthem: they publicly express concern over child labor and slavery in order to\ndistract consumers from the fact that they profit off of the unliveable\nconditions for cocoa laborers. [4, 48, 14] The world\u2019s largest chocolate\nmanufacturers have formed various initiatives to supposedly address child\nlabor and slavery in cocoa production, but these initiatives have\nunsurprisingly done little to remove either abuse. [49, 50]\n\nWhile the chocolate companies frequently claim large numbers of farmers are\nimpacted by their programs, the language they use is vague. For example, in\nCargill\u2019s \u201cCocoa Promise\u201d program, they say they seek to have \u201c1,000,000\nfarmers \u2018benefiting\u2019 from the services by 2030.\u201d Cargill and other companies\nintentionally mislead consumers to believe that farmers\u2019 lives are improving,\nor will improve, even though farmers themselves tend to see little impact on\ntheir lives from these programs. [49]\n\nMoreover, these initiatives often don\u2019t even involve very many farmers.\nNestle\u2019s Cocoa Plan, for instance, only works with 5% of cocoa farmers in the\nIvory Coast. There has been almost no reporting that reveals any large-scale\nimpact from these programs. [49]\n\n**We also know from watching the largest chocolate manufacturers postpone a\ncommitment to end the worst forms of child labor in cocoa for more than 15\nyears that promises it makes about its efforts mean nothing.** In 2001, heads\nof Mars, Hershey, Nestl\u00e9 USA, and other companies signed a deal called the\nHarkin-Engel Protocol, pledging to end \u201cthe worst forms of child labor\u201d in\ntheir cocoa suppliers in four years. In 2005, they missed the deadline to end\nchild labor in their cocoa supply, and proceeded to miss deadlines in 2008 and\n2010. [8] The chocolate industry then scaled back its \u201cgoal\u201d to reducing\nchild labor only by 70% in 2020, and by that year, the amount of child labor\nhad increased. [8, 51]\n\nThe chocolate companies signed the Harkin-Engel Protocol because they were\ndesperate to avoid proposed legislation that would have created a federal\ncertification system to indicate whether or not cocoa was harvested using\nchild slavery. Under the protocol, federal regulators were kept from\nmonitoring the chocolate supply, and the responsibility to end child labor and\nslavery in the chocolate industry was instead placed with the chocolate\ncompanies. [8]\n\nSusan Smith, a previous spokesperson for the Chocolate Manufacturers\nAssociation, said, \u201cWe don\u2019t need legislation to deal with the problem. We are\nalready acting.\u201d [8] Yet, two decades later, the problem has only worsened.\n\n\u201cWe haven\u2019t eradicated child labor because no one has been forced to,\u201d said\nAntonie Fountain, the managing director of a group seeking to end child labor\nin the cocoa industry called the Voice Network. \u201cWhat has been the consequence\n. . . for not meeting the goals? How many fines did they face? How many prison\nsentences? None. There has been zero consequence.\u201d [8]\n\n**While the chocolate industry has taken little action to address child labor\nand slavery, companies have put enourmous energy into exaggerating their\nefforts.** Leaked documents from a World Cocoa Foundation (WCF) strategy\nmeeting, where representatives from Nestl\u00e9, Hershey\u2019s, Mars, and others were\npresent, showed that the industry prioritized messaging around its\n\u201caccomplishments\u201d in addressing child labor and slavery over actually ending\nthose abuses. [18, 48]\n\n**The leaked documents additionally show how the chocolate industry attempts\nto downplay the abuse in its supply chain.** As the WFC meeting notes reveal,\nchocolate companies were given early access to the draft of a NORC at the\nUniversity of Chicago report on the prevalence of child labor on Ghana and the\nIvory Coast\u2019s cocoa farms. [18, 48] The companies expressed \u201ccomments and\nconcerns\u201d that led NORC to revise and likely water down the report. [18, 48]\n\nThe [ draft ](https://foodispower.org/wp-\ncontent/uploads/2020/12/CONFIDENTIAL_NORC-2018-19-Cocoa-Report-\nDRAFT_English-3.pdf) of the NORC report, which was also leaked, included\nhigher numbers of children working in cocoa: the early version stated that 2.1\nmillion children are engaged in child labor on Ghana and the Ivory Coast\u2019s\ncocoa farms, but NORC lowered the number of child laborers to 1.56 million in\nthe final published version. [52, 33] No amount of reworking the methodology\ncan hide the fact that the numbers of children working on cocoa farms has\nincreased over the past 20 years due to the cocoa industry\u2019s failure. [51]\n**Neither of these estimates even include the number of trafficked children\nworking in cocoa, given that the NORC report did not cover forced child\nlabor.** [33]\n\nThe WFC strategy meeting document included an agreed-upon statement from the\ncocoa industry that seeks to obscure the prevalence of child labor and\nslavery: \u201cThe cocoa and chocolate industry has zero tolerance for forced labor\nby adults or children and these practices are extremely rare.\u201d [48]\n\nThe chocolate industry is also being called upon to develop and financially\nsupport programs to rescue and rehabilitate children who have been sold to\ncocoa farms. [53] To date, the industry has done just as little to aid\nsurvivors of child labor as it has done to prevent child labor in the first\nplace. This lip service is characteristic of the chocolate industry, which has\nthe resources to address and eliminate child labor but consistently fails to\ntake action.\n\n## Are the Labels on Chocolate Meaningful?\n\nCredit: International Labor Rights Forum\n\nThe truth is that as consumers today, we have no sure way of knowing if the\nchocolate we buy involved the use of slavery or child labor. **Between a\nquarter and a third of all cocoa is grown under a certification label, such as\nvarious** [ **fair trade certifications** ](https://foodispower.org/fair-\ntrade/) **and the Rainforest Alliance/UTZ Certification; however, no single\nlabel can guarantee that the chocolate was made without the use of exploitive\nlabor.** [54, 55] The third-party inspectors for these certifications are\nusually only required to visit fewer than 10% of cocoa farms. [8] Moreover,\naudits are usually announced in advance, which enables farmers to hide\nevidence of rule violations. [56] These inspections have made child labor\nmore hidden while remaining just as prevalent. [22]\n\nSome certifiers even claim that their standards for labor practices do not\ncome with a guarantee that they are being met. One certifier said, \u201cThere is\nno guarantee. We don\u2019t use the word guarantee.\u201d [40]\n\nIn 2010, the founders of the \u201cFair Trade\u201d certification process had to suspend\nseveral of their Western African suppliers due to evidence that they were\nusing child labor. [57] Additionally, in 2011, a Danish journalist\ninvestigated farms in Western Africa where major chocolate companies buy\ncocoa. He filmed illegal child labor on these farms, including those certified\nby the now merged certification bodies, UTZ and Rainforest Alliance. [3]\nAnother advocate found trafficked children laboring on Fair Trade certified\ncocoa farms in the Ivory Coast as recently as May 2017. [49]\n\n**UTZ has rules against child labor, but it co-sponsored reports in 2013 and\n2017 that found that child labor was even more prevalent on UTZ certified\nfarms in the Ivory Coast than other farms.** Children on UTZ-certified farms\nwere also more likely to be engaged in hazardous tasks such as working with\nagricultural chemicals and machetes. [56]\n\nAn author of one of the UTZ-sponsored reports said, \u201cConsumers believe that by\nbuying certified cocoa they are doing something good for the environment, or\nchildren or farmers. But that is a fiction.\u201d [56]\n\n**Charity Ryerson, a co-founder of a corporate accountability nonprofit, said\nshe found little evidence when visiting cocoa farms in the Ivory Coast that\nanyone was making sure \u201ccertified\u201d farms were complying with standards.** She\ndescribed how a requirement for clean bathrooms was checked off on an\nevaluation checklist even though none of the farms have bathrooms. [49, 56]\n\nRyerson added, \u201cFrom our experience talking to farmers, it was clear that\ncertification meant almost nothing. It\u2019s an open secret in the Ivory Coast\nthat no one checks the certified farms for compliance.\u201d [56]\n\nA report by the University of Sheffield found that 95% of the cocoa workers\nthey surveyed in Ghana did not know whether their worksite was certified or\nnot. [40]\n\nBrazil is the \u201cleast certified cocoa country,\u201d but the situation with its\ncertifications is very similar to that of cocoa in Western Africa. [58]\nPatr\u00edcia de Mello Sanfelici, a member of the ILO report team, said that\ncompanies will show \u201cperfect reports, but in fact they are only documents \u2026\nthey don\u2019t represent the real thing, what really happens when we are not\nlooking.\u201d [58] It is not an accident that certifications fail to improve\nlabor conditions in the cocoa industry. Because certifiers compete with one\nanother, they often lower standards or enforcement in order to attract\nclients. [49]\n\nThe following is an excerpt from a study conducted by the Corporate\nAccountability Lab on the failure of initiatives in the chocolate industry\nlike certifications:\n\nIn order to understand the gap between consumer perception and farmer impact\nbetter, we brought certified chocolate bars to villages where some or all\nfarmers were certified. We held up the bar with the label, and explained to\nthe farmers what consumers expected out of the label (primarily that farmers\nwere paid a fair price, earned a decent living, and certain practices\u2014like\nchild labor and deforestation\u2014were not present). We also explained the\ndifference in retail price between Fairtrade and uncertified chocolate.\n\nThe overwhelming response of farmers to this information was shock and\noutrage. One farmer pulled his worn shirt out in front of him and asked if it\nlooked like he earned a decent living. A woman in one village said she could\nhardly afford to send her children to school, so how could anyone think she\nearned a fair price. Our farmer consultations revealed virtually imperceptible\ndifferences between certified and uncertified farms in terms of living\nincomes, poverty, education, access to healthcare, farmer bargaining power, or\naccess to information **.**\n\nChocolate companies keep certifying their products to tell consumers that they\nsource their cocoa ethically, but these companies continue to enable abuse on\ncocoa farms.\n\n## The Problems With Cocoa Cooperatives\n\nWhile cocoa cooperatives may seem like a solution to the issue of chocolate\ncompanies withholding decision-making power from cocoa farmers, the\ncooperatives are rarely fully worker-owned (at least in Western Africa) and\nare often simply \u201cbuying agents\u201d created by chocolate companies. A member of\nthe World Cocoa Farmers Organization said, \u201cWhat we have in most producing\ncountries especially in West Central Africa is cooperatives put in place by\none of the chocolate companies so they can say to people \u2018we buy from\ncooperatives.\u2019\u201d He said that out of 20 cocoa cooperatives in the Ivory Coast,\nyou won\u2019t even find two that are driven by cocoa farmers. [59]\n\nAnother issue is that even if not all of the cocoa farms employ the same labor\npractices, cocoa beans that a certifier gets from separate farms may not be\nlabeled and may all be mixed together upon arrival. Journalists documented\nbags of beans from about 40 different farmers arriving at Coopaweb, a cocoa\ncooperative in the Ivory Coast, being opened and combined with one another\nprior to being shipped out. Coopaweb sells its beans to Cargill, which\nsupplies companies like Hershey\u2019s, Mars, and Nestl\u00e9, and was Fair Trade\ncertified until it had its certification suspended for undisclosed reasons.\n[4] \n\n## A Living Income for Cocoa Farmers\n\n**Certifications do little to address the root cause of child labor and\nslavery in the cocoa industry: the absense of a living income for cocoa\nfarmers.** A living income is the income a household needs to earn in order\nfor its members to afford food, water, housing, health care, education,\nclothing, transportation, emergency funds, and other essential needs. [22]\n**Almost no cocoa farmers in Ghana or the Ivory Coast make a living income.**\n[22] This even includes cocoa farmers who must turn to growing additional\ncrops besides cocoa in order to supplement their incomes. [60] As long as\nfarmers do not earn a living income, they will not have enough to pay the\nworkers on their farms a living income either and child labor and slavery will\ncontinue to pervade the industry.\n\n**Most certified cocoa farmers also still live in poverty.** [61] Certified\nfarms receive payments called premiums, but they are partially paid to a\ncommunal fund for farmer training. [62] The remaining money paid directly to\nfarmers is minimal. A UTZ certified farmer, for instance, receives only the\nequivalent of around $99 to $158 in cash per year from premiums. [62]\n**Fernando Morales-de la Cruz, founder of Cacao for Change, said, \u201cAs a\nbusiness model, Fairtrade was never designed to be fair to farmers or farm\nworkers because the payment made to them has always been unfair.\u201d** [63]\n\nIn addition to certification bodies, some chocolate companies and the\ngovernments of Ghana and the Ivory Coast have put forward policies for minimum\nprices that should be paid to farmers for their cocoa. **Despite having names\nlike \u201cLiving Income Reference Price\u201d and \u201cLiving Income Differential,\u201d these\nprices are still too low for cocoa farmers to actually make a living income.**\n[64]\n\nMoreover, chocolate companies have been resistant to paying Ghana and the\nIvory Coast\u2019s Living Income Differential (LID), an extra $400 charged per ton\nof cocoa paid to the countries\u2019 governments. [65, 66] The purpose of the LID\nis to increase cocoa farmer incomes, although there is concern about how much\nof the money will directly benefit farmers. [66]\n\nIn 2020 Hershey\u2019s bought approximately 30,000 tons of cocoa on an exchange in\norder to avoid paying this extra price. [67] Whether or not the LID is\nsuccessful in its goal, the fact that Hershey\u2019s tried to opt out of an effort\nto improve farmer incomes reveals how much it values profit over workers\u2019\nlives.\n\nDespite their role in contributing to child labor, slavery, and human\ntrafficking, the chocolate industry has not taken significant steps to remedy\nthe problem. **Within their $103 billion-per-year industry, chocolate\ncompanies have the power to end the use of child labor and slave labor by\npaying cocoa farmers a living income for their product.** [37]\n\nFor example, the chocolate company Ferrero could provide a living income for\nall 90,000 cocoa farmers producing its cocoa and still pay the Ferrero family\nabout $233 million a year. [22]\n\n## Coronavirus\n\nThe COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the global economy has led to the\ndeterioration of cocoa producing countries\u2019 economic situations. [18] **The\ncombination of lower farmer incomes and school closures is likely what led to\nan estimated 15\u201320% increase in child labor on the Ivory Coast and Ghana\u2019s\ncocoa farms in the first months of the pandemic.** [68, 18, 69] Child\nlaborers and victims of slavery are also even more vulnerable to the virus due\nto their lack of healthcare. [70]\n\nThe chocolate industry\u2019s response to the pandemic has been inadequate. Like\nthe money chocolate companies have spent to address child labor and slavery in\ngeneral, their donations to COVID-19 relief efforts represent only a fraction\nof the companies\u2019 revenue: for example, Hershey\u2019s donations in the initial\nmonths represented only 0.05% of their profits. [18, 70]\n\n## Our Responsibility\n\nMultiple government and NGO programs have been developed in an attempt to\naddress the root causes of \u201cthe worst forms of child labor\u201d and slavery in the\nchocolate industry. However, these efforts will not be successful unless the\nchocolate industry begins to show genuine support for paying cocoa farmers a\nliving income.\n\nConsumers play an essential role in diminishing the food industry\u2019s\ninjustices. Child slavery on cocoa farms is a difficult issue to fully address\nbecause the most serious abuses take place across the world; however, that\ndoes not mean our responsibility is reduced. Chocolate has become a regular\npresence in many of our lives, but it is important to remember it is a luxury.\n\n## What You Can Do\n\n 1. **Consult our list:** Use Food Empowerment Project\u2019s (F.E.P.\u2019s) [ chocolate list ](https://foodispower.org/chocolate-list/) to be sure that when you buy [ vegan ](https://foodispower.org/veganism/) chocolate, you are not supporting companies that source their cocoa from areas where slavery and the worst forms of child labor are prevalent. Other than a few exceptions (which are explained), we encourage people not to purchase chocolate that is sourced from Western Africa or Brazil. Even if this chocolate is vegan, that does not mean it is cruelty-free. The [ list ](https://foodispower.org/chocolate-list/) is available on our website along with free downloadable apps for the iPhone and Android. \n 2. **Speak Out:** Contact chocolate companies and let them know how you feel about the injustices in the cocoa industry. Demand transparency from companies that have refused to disclose where they source their cocoa from, and call on companies to pay a living income to cocoa farmers. Even if a company is recommended on our chocolate list, contact them to let them know that is why you are buying their product. Our free app makes it easy to contact the companies. \n\n*This fact about children\u2019s exposure to agricultural chemicals is from the published version of the NORC report, \u201cAssessing Progress in Reducing Child Labor in Cocoa Production in Cocoa Growing Areas of C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire and Ghana.\u201d Given that the final version of the report was reworked due to the chocolate industry\u2019s influence, this data is not entirely credible. However, in the original draft it was estimated that over 1 million children working on cocoa farms in Ghana and the Ivory Coast are exposed to agricultural chemicals. \n\n## References:\n\n1] \u201cGrowing Cocoa.\u201d Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO),\nhttp://www.fao.org/3/AD220E/AD220E01.htm. Accessed 20 Oct. 2021.\n\n[2] Wessel, Marius and P.M. Foluke Quist-Wessel. \u201cCocoa Production in West\nAfrica, a Review and Analysis of Recent Developments.\u201d NJAS \u2013 Wageningen\nJournal of Life Science, vol. 74\u201375, Dec. 2015,\nhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.njas.2015.09.001. Accessed 20 Oct. 2021.\n\n[3] Shady Chocolate. Directed by Miki Mistrati and U. Roberto Romano, Bastard\nFilm & TV, 2012.\n\n[4] Chocolate\u2019s Heart of Darkness. Directed by Paul Moreira, Public S\u00e9nat,\n2019.\n\n[5] Oversight of Public and Private Initiatives to Eliminate Worst Forms of\nChild Labor in the Cocoa Sector in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire and Ghana. Tulane University\nPayson Center for International Development and Technology Transfer, 31 Mar.\n2011, https://issuu.com/stevebutton/docs/tulane_final_report. Accessed 20 Oct.\n2021.\n\n[6] BBC. March 24, 2010. \u201cTracing the Bitter Truth of Chocolate and Child\nLabour.\u201d Panorama, BBC, 24 Mar. 2010,\nhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LD85fPzLUjo. Accessed 20 Oct. 2021.\n\n[7] McKenzie, David and Brent Swails. \u201cChild Slavery and Chocolate: All Too\nEasy to Find.\u201d CNN, 19 Jan. 2012,\nhttps://thecnnfreedomproject.blogs.cnn.com/2012/01/19/child-slavery-and-\nchocolate-all-too-easy-to-find/. Accessed 21 Oct. 2021.\n\n[8] Whoriskey, Peter and Rachel Siegel. \u201cCocoa\u2019s Child Laborers: Mars, Nestl\u00e9\nand Hershey Pledged Nearly Two Decades Ago to Stop Using Cocoa Harvested By\nChildren. Yet Much of the Chocolate You Buy Still Starts With Child Labor.\u201d\nThe Washington Post, 5 Jun. 2019,\nhttps://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2019/business/hershey-nestle-mars-\nchocolate-child-labor-west-africa/. Accessed 21 Oct. 2021.\n\n[9] 2020 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor. United States Department\nof Labor (DOL), Sept. 2020,\nhttps://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/child_labor_reports/tda2020/2020_TDA_BigBook_Online_optimized.pdf?mc_cid=93f99c6252&mc_eid=8685c28e55.\nAccessed 21 Oct. 2021.\n\n[10] Williams, O, et al. \u201cPerception of Nigerian Cocoa Farmers on Child\nLabour: Implications for Hazardous Child Labour.\u201d Asian Journal of\nAgricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology, vol. 10, no. 3, Jan. 2016,\nhttps://doi.org/10.9734/AJAEES/2016/21644. Accessed 21 Oct. 2021.\n\n[11] Cadeia produtiva do Cacau \u2013 Avan\u00e7os e desafios rumo \u00e0 promo\u00e7\u00e3o do\ntrabalho decente: an\u00e1lise situacional. International Labour Organization\n(ILO), Nov. 2018,\nhttps://www.ilo.org/brasilia/publicacoes/WCMS_817094/lang\u2013pt/index.htm.\nAccessed 28 Oct. 2021. Working paper.\n\n[12] \u201cFranco-Canadian Journalist Killed by First Lady\u2019s Security Guards, says\nFrench TV.\u201d RFI, 22 Jul. 2009,\nhttp://www1.rfi.fr/actuen/articles/115/article_4453.asp. Accessed 21 Oct.\n2021.\n\n[13] \u201cIvory Coast Arrests 3 Journalists over Cocoa Story.\u201d Voice of America,\n16 Jul. 2010, https://www.voanews.com/a/ivory-coast-arrests-3-journalists-\nover-cocoa-story-98661144/161593.html. Accessed 21 Oct. 2021.\n\n[14] Invisible Hands. Directed by Shraysi Tandon, First Run Features, 2018.\nAccessed 21 Oct. 2021.\n\n[15] El Makhloufi, Abdel, et al. Towards a Sustainable Agro-Logistics in\nDeveloping Countries. Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences (AUAS), Sept.\n2018,\nhttp://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/735521553488355096/pdf/Towards-\nSustainable-Agrologistics-in-Developing-Countries-Cocoa-Supply-Chain-in-Cote-\nD-ivoire.pdf. Accessed 21 Oct. 2021.\n\n[16] Athreya, Bama. \u201cWhite Man\u2019s \u2018Burden\u2019 and the New Colonialism in West\nAfrican Cocoa Production.\u201d Race/Ethnicity: Multidisciplinary Global Contexts,\nvol. 5, no. 1, 2011, pp. 51\u201359,\nhttps://doi.org/10.2979/racethmulglocon.5.1.51. Accessed 21 Oct. 2021.\n\n[17] Yu, Douglas. \u201cWest African Cocoa Farmers Yet to Earn A Living Income\nDespite Sales Growth of Fairtrade Certified Cocoa Beans.\u201d Confectionary News,\n19 Oct. 2018, https://www.confectionerynews.com/Article/2018/10/19/West-\nAfrican-cocoa-farmers-yet-to-earn-a-living-income-says-\nFairtrade#:~:text=The%20survey%20indicated%2042%25%20of,a%20living%20income%2C%20it%20added.\nAccessed 21 Oct. 2021.\n\n[18] \u201cNGOs: Are Industry and Governments Watering Down New Cocoa Report Data\nto Downplay Persistent Child Labor and Farmer Poverty?\u201d Fair World Project\n(FWP), 13 Oct. 2020, https://fairworldproject.org/wp-\ncontent/uploads/2020/10/GA-NORC-report-press-release-Child-Labor-and-Farmer-\nPoverty.pdf. Press Release. Accessed 3 Nov. 2020.\n\n[19] Nestl\u00e9 USA, Inc. v. Doe et al. No. 19\u2013416, Supreme Court of the U.S.,\nJune 2021,\nhttps://static1.squarespace.com/static/5810dda3e3df28ce37b58357/t/5f90b737ac064c0924860232/1603319607525/Cocoa+Amicus+Main+Document+E+FILE++Oct+21+2020.pdf.\nAccessed 21 Oct. 2021.\n\n[20] Child Labour: Global Estimates 2020, Trends and the Road Forward.\nInternational Labour Organization (ILO), 2020,\nhttps://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/@ed_norm/@ipec/documents/publication/wcms_797515.pdf.\nAccessed 21 Oct. 2021.\n\n[21] CLCCG Annual Report. United States Department of Labor (DOL), 2018,\nhttps://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/legacy/files/CLCCG2018AnnualReport.pdf.\nAccessed 21 Oct. 2021.\n\n[22] Fountain, Antonie C. and Friedel Huetz-Adams. Cocoa Barometer 2020. VOICE\nNetwork, 2020, https://www.voicenetwork.eu/cocoa-barometer/. Accessed 21 Oct.\n2021.\n\n[23] Rolfes, Ellen. \u201cOne Million Children Labor in Africa\u2019s Goldmines.\u201d PBS\nNewsHour, 10 July 2013, https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/world-july-\ndec13-burkinafaso_07-10. Accessed 21 Oct. 2021.\n\n[24] \u201cChild Labour in Africa.\u201d International Labour Organization (ILO),\nhttps://www.ilo.org/africa/areas-of-work/child-labour/lang\u2013en/index.htm.\nAccessed 21 Oct. 2021.\n\n[25] Gregory, Amanda. \u201cChocolate and Child Slavery: Say No to Human\nTrafficking this Holiday Season.\u201d Huffington Post, 31 Oct. 2013,\nhttps://www.huffpost.com/entry/chocolate-and-child-slave_b_4181089. Accessed\n21 Oct. 2021.\n\n[26] The Dark Side of Chocolate. Directed by Miki Mistrati and U. Roberto\nRomano, Bastard Film & TV, 2010.\n\n[27] Ventura, Luca. \u201cPoorest Countries in the World 2021.\u201d Global Finance\nMagazine, 21 May 2021, https://www.gfmag.com/global-data/economic-data/the-\npoorest-countries-in-the-world. Accessed 21 Oct. 2021.\n\n[28] Raghavan, Sudarsan, and Sumana Chatterjee. \u201cHow Your Chocolate May be\nTainted.\u201d Knight Ridder Newspapers, 2001,\nhttp://www.rrojasdatabank.info/chocolate.pdf. Accessed 21 Oct. 2021.\n\n[29] 2013/14 Survey Research on Child Labor in West African Cocoa Growing\nAreas. Tulane University Payson Center for International Development, 30 July\n2015,\nhttps://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/research_file_attachment/Tulane%20University%20-%20Survey%20Research%20Cocoa%20Sector%20-%2030%20July%202015.pdf.\nAccessed 21 Oct. 2021.\n\n[30] Nestl\u00e9 USA, Inc. v. Doe et al. No. 19\u2013416, Supreme Court of the U.S, June\n2021,\nhttps://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/19/19-416/157704/20201014155852761_Nestle%20Revised%20Final%20Type%20A.pdf.\nAccessed 21 Oct. 2021.\n\n[31] \u201cRecommendation 190.\u201d International Labour Organization (ILO), 1999,\nhttps://www.ilo.org/public/english/standards/relm/ilc/ilc87/com-chir.htm.\nAccessed 25 Oct. 2021.\n\n[32] Balch, Oliver. \u201cMars, Nestl\u00e9 and Hershey to Face Child Slavery Lawsuit in\nU.S.\u201d The Guardian, 12 Feb. 2021, https://www.theguardian.com/global-\ndevelopment/2021/feb/12/mars-nestle-and-hershey-to-face-landmark-child-\nslavery-lawsuit-in-us. Accessed 21 Oct. 2021.\n\n[33] Sadhu, Santadarshan, et al. NORC Final Report: Assessing Progress in\nReducing Child Labor in Cocoa Production in Cocoa Growing Areas of C\u00f4te\nd\u2019Ivoire and Ghana. NORC at the University of Chicago, Oct. 2020,\nhttps://www.norc.org/PDFs/Cocoa%20Report/NORC%202020%20Cocoa%20Report_English.pdf.\nAccessed 21 Oct. 2021.\n\n[34] Senator Engel (NY). \u201c1700.\u201d Congressional Record, v. 147, pt. 9, 28 June\n2001, (June 28, 2001) pp. H3781,\nhttps://www.congress.gov/crec/2001/06/28/CREC-2001-06-28.pdf. Accessed 21 Oct.\n2021.\n\n[35] \u201cC182 \u2013 Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention.\u201d No. 182. International\nLabour Organization (ILO), 1999,\nhttps://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_ILO_CODE:C182.\nAccessed 21 Oct. 2021.\n\n[36] C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, United States Department of Labor (DOL), 2015,\nhttps://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/child_labor_reports/tda2015/cotedivoire.pdf.\nAccessed 21 Oct. 2021.\n\n[37] Whoriskey, Peter. \u201cU.S. Report: Much of the World\u2019s Chocolate Supply\nRelies on More Than 1 Million Child Workers.\u201d The Washington Post, 19 Oct.\n2020, https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2020/10/19/million-child-\nlaborers-chocolate-supply/. Accessed 21 Oct. 2021.\n\n[38] Mills, Abby. Personal interview. 28 May 2014.\n\n[39] Bitter Sweets: Prevalence of Fourced Labour and Child Labour in the Cocoa\nSectors of C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire and Ghana. Tulane University and the Walk Free\nFoundation, Sept. 2018, https://cocoainitiative.org/wp-\ncontent/uploads/2018/10/Cocoa-Report_181004_V15-FNL_digital.pdf. Accessed 21\nOct. 2021.\n\n[40] LeBaron, Genevieve. The Global Business of Forced Labour. Sheffield\nPolitical Economy Research Institute (SPERI) & University of Sheffield, 2018,\nhttp://globalbusinessofforcedlabour.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Report-\nof-Findings-Global-Business-of-Forced-Labour.pdf. Accessed 21 Oct. 2021.\n\n[41] Slavery: A Global Investigation. Directed by Brian Woods and Kate\nBlewett, True Vision TV, 2000, https://www.truevisiontv.com/films/slavery-a-\nglobal-investigation. Accessed 25 Oct. 2021.\n\n[42] Whoriskey, Peter. \u201cSupreme Court Weighs Child-Slavery Case Against Nestl\u00e9\nUSA, Cargill.\u201d The Washington Post, 1 Dec. 2020,\nhttps://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2020/12/01/cocoa-supreme-court-child-\nlabor/. Accessed 25 Oct. 2021.\n\n[43] Barnes, Robert and Peter Whoriskey. \u201cSupreme Court Says Chocolate\nCompanies Cannot Be Sued Over Child Slavery on African Cocoa Farms.\u201d\nhttps://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/courts_law/supreme-court-cocoa-farms-\nafrica-child-\nslavery/2021/06/17/295ab51e-beed-11eb-83e3-0ca705a96ba4_story.html. Accessed\n25 Oct. 2021.\n\n[44] Demetrakakes, Pan. \u201cCocoa Giants Hit With Another Bay Area Lawsuit.\u201d Food\nProcessing, 15 Feb. 2021,\nhttps://www.foodprocessing.com/industrynews/2021/cocoa-giants-hit-with-\nanother-slave-lawsuit/. Accessed 25 Oct. 2021.\n\n[45] Issouf Coubaly, et al. v. Cargill, Inc., et al. Memorandum of Points and\nAuthorities In Support of Defendants\u2019 Joint Motion to Dismiss. No. 21-0386,\nUnited States District Court for the District of Columbia,\nhttp://www.iradvocates.org/sites/iradvocates.org/files/7.30.21%20Defs%20Memo.%20in%20Support%20of%20Motion%20to%20Dismiss.pdf.\nAccessed 26 Oct. 2021.\n\n[46] The Cocoa Route. Directed by Marques Casara and Poliana Dallabrida, Papel\nSocial, 2019, https://vimeo.com/332509945. Accessed 25 Oct. 2021.\n\n[47] Feeley, Jef. \u201cHershey Investors Suing Over Child Labor Allowed to Pursue\nFiles.\u201d St. Louis Post-Dispatch, originally published in Bloomberg\nBusinessweek, 19 Mar. 2014, https://www.stltoday.com/business/local/hershey-\ninvestors-suing-over-child-labor-allowed-to-pursue-\nfiles/article_97f46f27-52bd-5881-96a6-80fadb4bfa21.html. Accessed 25 Oct.\n2021.\n\n[48] \u201cMinutes of the Teleconference WCF ad hoc NORC Communications Working\nGroup Call.\u201d Neslt\u00e9, et al., 26 Feb. 2020, https://fairworldproject.org/wp-\ncontent/uploads/2020/10/WCF-NORC-strategy-2.pdf. Accessed 26 Oct. 2021.\n\n[49] Empty Promises: The Failure of Voluntary Corporate Social Responsibility\nInitiatives to Improve Farmer Incomes in the Ivorian Cocoa Sector. Corporate\nAccountability Lab, July 2019,\nhttps://static1.squarespace.com/static/5810dda3e3df28ce37b58357/t/5d321076f1125e0001ac51ab/1563562117949/Empty_Promises_2019.pdf.\nAccessed 25 Oct. 2021.\n\n[50] \u201cMoney and Power: The Unnamed Ingredients.\u201d For a Better World, from Fair\nWorld Project, 13 Apr. 2021,\nhttps://fairworldproject.org/podcast/season-1/episode-6/?eType=EmailBlastContent&eId=b9515490-4737-49d0-bcb0-d464c04ec0c7.\nAccessed 26 Oct. 2021.\n\n[51] Myers, Anthony. \u201cNew Report Reveals Child Labor on West African Cocoa\nFarms Has Increased in Past 10 Years.\u201d Confectionary News, 7 May 2020,\nhttps://www.confectionerynews.com/Article/2020/05/07/New-report-reveals-child-\nlabor-on-West-African-cocoa-farms-has-increased-in-past-10-years. Accessed 25\nOct. 2021.\n\n[52] Sadhu, Shanto, et al. Assessing Progress in Reducing Child Labor in Cocoa\nProduction in Cocoa Growing Areas of C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire and Ghana. NORC at the\nUniversity of Chicago, https://foodispower.org/wp-\ncontent/uploads/2020/12/CONFIDENTIAL_NORC-2018-19-Cocoa-Report-\nDRAFT_English-3.pdf. Draft. Accessed 26 Oct. 2021.\n\n[53] \u201cDemands.\u201d 10 Campaign, 2012, http://www.10campaign.com/demands/.\nAccessed 25 Oct. 2021.\n\n[54] \u201cCertification Is Not the Systematic Solution to Unsustainable Cocoa.\u201d\nVOICE Network, 2019, https://www.voicenetwork.eu/wp-\ncontent/uploads/2019/08/190619-VOICE-Certification-Position-Paper-Final.pdf.\nAccessed 26 Oct. 2021.\n\n[55] \u201cFairtrade Combats Child Labor.\u201d Fairtrade America,\nhttps://www.fairtradeamerica.org/why-fairtrade/explore-the-issues/child-labor-\nrights-\nsafety/#:~:text=Fairtrade%20Standards%20prohibit%20child%20labor,is%20free%20of%20child%20labor.\nAccessed 25 Oct. 2021.\n\n[56] Whoriskey, Peter. \u201cChocolate Companies Sell \u2018Certified Cocoa.\u2019 But Some\nof Those Farms Use Child Labor, Harm Forests.\u201d The Washington Post, 23 Oct.\n2019, https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2019/10/23/chocolate-companies-\nsay-their-cocoa-is-certified-some-farms-use-child-labor-thousands-are-\nprotected-forests/. Accessed 25 Oct. 2021.\n\n[57] \u201c\u2018Shocked But Not Surprised\u2019: Fairtrade Responds to Report of Widespread\nChild Labour in West African Cocoa Industry.\u201d Fairtrade International, 24 July\n2020, https://www.fairtrade.net/news/shocked-but-not-surprised-fairtrade-\nresponds-to-report-of-widespread-child-labour-in-west-african-cocoa-industry.\nAccessed 25 Oct. 2021.\n\n[58] Examining Brazil\u2019s Cocoa-Chocolate Supply Chain: Film Screening and\nDiscussion, Part 2. Fine Cacao and Chocolate Institute (FCCI) and Harvard\nUniversity, 24 Apr. 2019, https://chocolatrasonline.com.br/chocolate-cacau-e-\ndireitos-humanos/. Accessed 26 Oct. 2021.\n\n[59] Nieburg, Oliver. \u201c\u2018Fake Cooperatives\u2019: Farmer Groups Warn of Sharm Fair\nTrade Co-ops in Cocoa.\u201d _Confectionary News_ , 28 Nov. 2017,\nhttps://www.confectionerynews.com/Article/2017/11/28/Fake-cooperatives-Cocoa-\nfarmer-groups-warn-of-sham-fair-trade-co-ops. Accessed 9 Dec. 2021.\n\n[60] Kiewisch, Elizabeth. \u201cLooking Within the Household: A Study on Gender,\nFood Security, and Resilience in Cocoa-Growing Communities.\u201d _Gender &\nDevelopment _ , vol. 23, no. 3, 13 Nov. 2015, pp. 497\u2013513,\nhttps://www.worldcocoafoundation.org/wp-\ncontent/uploads/files_mf/1450383402GenderandDevelopmentElizabethKiewischNov2015.pdf.\nAccessed 25 Oct. 2021.\n\n[61] Fountain, Antonie C. and Friedel Huetz-Adams. _Cocoa Barometer 2018_ .\nVOICE Network, 2018, https://www.voicenetwork.eu/wp-\ncontent/uploads/2019/07/2018-Cocoa-Barometer.pdf. Accessed 25 Oct. 2021.\n\n[62] Nieburg, Oliver. \u201cFair Game: How Effective is Cocoa Certification?\u201d _Food\nNavigator_ , 20 Dec. 2017,\nhttps://www.foodnavigator.com/Article/2017/12/20/Fair-trade-How-effective-is-\ncocoa-\ncertification?utm_source=newsletter_daily&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=20-Dec-2017&c=7fiBYGSIbNocWxvWGeklvYrc0PxTtSqy&p2=.\nAccessed 25 Oct. 2021.\n\n[63] Michail, Niamh. \u201cHigher Fairtrade Prices Are Still Unfair, Says Cacao for\nChange Founder.\u201d _Food Navigator_ , 11 Dec. 2018,\nhttps://www.foodnavigator.com/Article/2018/12/11/Higher-Fairtrade-prices-are-\nstill-unfair-says-Cacao-for-Change-founder. Accessed 25 Oct. 2021.\n\n[64] \u201cNecessary Farm Gate Prices for a Living Income: Existing Living Income\nReference Prices are Too Low.\u201d _VOICE Network_ , Jan. 2020,\nhttps://www.voicenetwork.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/200113-Necessary-Farm-\nGate-Prices-for-a-Living-Income-Definitive.pdf. Accessed 25 Oct. 2021.\n\n[65] Myers, Anthony. \u201cGhana and C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire Threaten Cocoa Sustainability\nSchemes if Producers Don\u2019t Pay More for Beans.\u201d _Confectionary News_ , 14 Oct.\n2019, https://www.confectionerynews.com/Article/2019/10/14/Ghana-and-Cote-d-\nIvoire-threaten-cocoa-sustainability-schemes-if-producers-don-t-pay-more-for-\nbeans. Accessed 25 Oct. 2021.\n\n[66] \u201cVOICE Network Welcomes Historic Move to Raise Cocoa Prices, Questions\nRemain on Implementation.\u201d _VOICE Network_ , 2019,\nhttps://www.voicenetwork.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/190905-VOICE-Position-\non-West-African-Cocoa-Floor-Price.pdf. Accessed 25 Oct. 2021.\n\n[67] Myers, Anthony. \u201cHershey Move of Buying Cocoa on Futures Market Threatens\nLID Agreement with Ghana and Cote d\u2019Ivoire.\u201d _Confectionary News_ ,\nhttps://www.confectionerynews.com/Article/2020/11/23/Hershey-move-of-buying-\ncocoa-on-futures-market-threatens-LID-agreement-with-Ghana-and-Cote-d-\nIvoire?utm_source=newsletter_daily&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=23-Nov-2020.\nAccessed 25 Oct. 2021.\n\n[68] Knott, Stacey. \u201cCash Transfer Program Aims to Combat Child Labor in\nGhana.\u201d _Voice of America,_ 8 May 2020, https://www.voanews.com/africa/cash-\ntransfer-program-aims-combat-child-labor-ghana. Accessed 25 Oct. 2021.\n\n[69] Schmidt, Sonia and Kaila Uyeda. _Toward a Sweeter Future: Analysis and\nRecommendations Concerning Child Labor in the Cocoa Industry in Cote d\u2019Ivoire\nand Ghana during the COVID-19 Pandemic._ Unicef, 15 July 2020,\nhttps://gdc.unicef.org/resource/towards-sweeter-future-analysis-and-\nrecommendations-concerning-child-labor-cocoa-industry. Accessed 25 Oct. 2021.\n\n[70] \u201cCOVID-19 Response from Cocoa Farmers.\u201d _VOICE Network_ , 7 Apr. 2020,\nhttps://www.voicenetwork.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/200407-Voice-Network-\nCOVID-19-response-for-Cocoa-Farmers.pdf. Accessed 25 Oct. 2021.\n\n[71] \u201cTell Hershey\u2019s: Protect Cocoa Farmers, Not Just Shareholders, from\nCOVID-19.\u201d _Fair World Project,_ https://fairworldproject.salsalabs.org/tell-\nhersheys-protect-cocoa-farmers-\ncovid19/index.html?eType=EmailBlastContent&eId=d7420122-dff9-4f9c-8c60-c67455c50986.\nAccessed 25 Oct. 2021.\n\n**Page last updated: January 2022**\n\n * [ Home ](https://foodispower.org)\n * [ Privacy ](https://foodispower.org/f-e-p-privacy-policy/)\n * [ Terms of Service ](https://foodispower.org/terms-of-service/)\n * [ Volunteer ](https://foodispower.org/volunteer/)\n * [ Work With Us ](https://foodispower.org/work-with-us/)\n * [ Contact ](https://foodispower.org/contact/)\n\n\u00a9 2025 Food Empowerment Project | Food Empowerment Project is a registered non-profit, 501(c)(3) and all donations are tax deductible. \n\n__\n\n[ __ Close Menu ](https://foodispower.org/sidr-menu-close)\n\n * [ Our Work ](https://foodispower.org/our-work/)\n * [ Updates & 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"url": "https://foodispower.org/human-labor-slavery/slavery-chocolate/"
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"reason": "Food Empowerment Project is an organization that advocates for ethical food choices. This page discusses slavery in the chocolate industry.",
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"search_query": "company 'Cowboy' supply chain human rights",
"summary": "This page from Food Empowerment Project discusses slavery in the chocolate industry.",
"url": "https://foodispower.org/human-labor-slavery/slavery-chocolate/"
},
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"content": {
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"source": "https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2016/01/child-labour-behind-smart-phone-and-electric-car-batteries/"
},
"page_content": "Major electronics brands, including Apple, Samsung and Sony, are failing to do\nbasic checks to ensure that cobalt mined by child labourers has not been used\nin their products, said Amnesty International and Afrewatch in a report\npublished today.\n\nThe report, [ This is what we die for: Human rights abuses in the Democratic\nRepublic of the Congo power the global trade in cobalt\n](https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/afr62/3183/2016/en/) , traces the sale\nof cobalt, used in lithium-ion batteries, from mines where children as young\nas seven and adults work in perilous conditions.\n\n> The glamourous shop displays and marketing of state of the art technologies\n> are a stark contrast to the children carrying bags of rocks, and miners in\n> narrow manmade tunnels risking permanent lung damage.\n>\n> Mark Dummett, Business & Human Rights Researcher at Amnesty International\n\n\u201cThe glamourous shop displays and marketing of state of the art technologies\nare a stark contrast to the children carrying bags of rocks, and miners in\nnarrow manmade tunnels risking permanent lung damage,\u201d said Mark Dummett,\nBusiness & Human Rights Researcher at Amnesty International.\n\n\u201cMillions of people enjoy the benefits of new technologies but rarely ask how\nthey are made. It is high time the big brands took some responsibility for the\nmining of the raw materials that make their lucrative products.\u201d\n\nThe report documents how traders buy cobalt from areas where child labour is\nrife and sell it to Congo Dongfang Mining (CDM), a wholly-owned subsidiary of\nChinese mineral giant Zhejiang Huayou Cobalt Ltd (Huayou Cobalt).\n\nAmnesty International\u2019s investigation uses investor documents to show how\nHuayou Cobalt and its subsidiary CDM process the cobalt before selling it to\nthree battery component manufacturers in China and South Korea. In turn, they\nsell to battery makers who claim to supply technology and car companies,\nincluding Apple, Microsoft, Samsung, Sony, Daimler and Volkswagen.\n\nAmnesty International\n\nPotential DRC cobalt supply chain\n\nAmnesty International contacted 16 multinationals who were listed as customers\nof the battery manufacturers listed as sourcing processed ore from Huayou\nCobalt. One company admitted the connection, while four were unable to say for\ncertain whether they were buying cobalt from the DRC or Huayou Cobalt. Six\nsaid they were investigating the claims. Five denied sourcing cobalt from via\nHuayou Cobalt, though they are listed as customers in the company documents of\nbattery manufacturers. Two multinationals denied sourcing cobalt from DRC.\n\nCrucially, none provided enough details to independently verify where the\ncobalt in their products came from.\n\n> It is a major paradox of the digital era that some of the world\u2019s richest,\n> most innovative companies are able to market incredibly sophisticated\n> devices without being required to show where they source raw materials for\n> their components.\n>\n> Emmanuel Umpula, Afrewatch Executive Director\n\n\u201cIt is a major paradox of the digital era that some of the world\u2019s richest,\nmost innovative companies are able to market incredibly sophisticated devices\nwithout being required to show where they source raw materials for their\ncomponents,\u201d said Emmanuel Umpula, Afrewatch ( [ Africa Resources Watch\n](https://www.afrewatch.org) ) Executive Director. \n\u201cThe abuses in mines remain out of sight and out of mind because in today\u2019s\nglobal marketplace consumers have no idea about the conditions at the mine,\nfactory, and assembly line. We found that traders are buying cobalt without\nasking questions about how and where it was mined.\u201d\n\n#### Fatal mines and child labour\n\nThe DRC produces at least 50% of the world\u2019s cobalt. One of the largest\nmineral processors in the country is Huayou Cobalt subsidiary CDM. Huayou\nCobalt gets more than 40% of its cobalt from DRC.\n\nMiners working in areas from which CDM buys cobalt face the risk of long-term\nhealth damage and a high risk of fatal accidents. At least 80 artisanal miners\ndied underground in southern DRC between September 2014 and December 2015\nalone. The true figure is unknown as many accidents go unrecorded and bodies\nare left buried in the rubble.\n\nAmnesty International researchers also found that the vast majority of miners\nspend long hours every day working with cobalt without the most basic of\nprotective equipment, such as gloves, work clothes or facemasks to protect\nthem from lung or skin disease.\n\nChildren told Amnesty International they worked for up to 12 hours a day in\nthe mines, carrying heavy loads to earn between one and two dollars a day. In\n2014 approximately 40,000 children worked in mines across southern DRC, many\nof them mining cobalt, according to UNICEF.\n\n> I would spend 24 hours down in the tunnels. I arrived in the morning and\n> would leave the following morning.\n>\n> Paul, 14-year-old orphan and cobalt miner\n\nPaul, a 14-year-old orphan, started mining at the age of 12. He told\nresearchers that prolonged time underground made him constantly ill:\n\n\u201cI would spend 24 hours down in the tunnels. I arrived in the morning and\nwould leave the following morning \u2026 I had to relieve myself down in the\ntunnels \u2026 My foster mother planned to send me to school, but my foster father\nwas against it, he exploited me by making me work in the mine.\u201d\n\n\u201cThe dangers to health and safety make mining one of the worst forms of child\nlabour. Companies whose global profits total $125 billion cannot credibly\nclaim that they are unable to check where key minerals in their productions\ncome from,\u201d said Mark Dummett.\n\n\u201cMining the basic materials that power an electric car or a smartphone should\nbe a source of prosperity for miners in DRC. The reality is that it is a back-\nbreaking life of misery for almost no money. Big brands have the power to\nchange this.\u201d\n\n\u00a9 Amnesty International and Afrewatch\n\nFran\u00e7ois and his 13-year-old son, Charles sort stones, before taking them to a\nnearby trading house that buys the ore. Charles goes to school each morning,\nand works in the afternoon. \u201cIt is difficult to afford the school fees,\u201d said\nFran\u00e7ois.\n\n#### Following the supply chain \u2013 corporate shame\n\nAmnesty International and Afrewatch researchers spoke to 87 current and former\ncobalt miners, 17 of them children, from five mine sites in southern DRC in\nApril and May 2015. They also interviewed 18 cobalt traders and followed\nvehicles of miners and traders as they carried cobalt ore from mines to\nmarkets where larger companies buy the ore. The largest of them is Huayou\nCobalt\u2019s Congolese subsidiary CDM.\n\nHuayou Cobalt supplies cobalt to three lithium-ion battery component\nmanufacturers Ningbo Shanshan and Tianjin Bamo from China and L&F Materials\nfrom South Korea. These three battery component manufacturers bought more than\nUS$90 million worth of cobalt from Huayou Cobalt in 2013.\n\nAmnesty International then contacted 16 multinational consumer brands listed\nas direct or indirect customers of the three battery component manufacturers.\nNone said they had been in touch with Huayou Cobalt or traced where the cobalt\nin their products had come from prior to Amnesty International\u2019s contact.\n\nThe report shows that companies along the cobalt supply chain are failing to\naddress human rights risks arising in their supply chain.\n\nToday there is no regulation of the global cobalt market. Cobalt does not fall\nunder existing \u201cconflict minerals\u201d rules in the USA, which cover gold,\ncoltan/tantalum, tin and tungsten mined in DRC.\n\n> Many of these multinationals say they have a zero tolerance policy for child\n> labour. But this promise is not worth the paper it is written when the\n> companies are not investigating their suppliers.\n>\n> Mark Dummett\n\n\u201cMany of these multinationals say they have a zero tolerance policy for child\nlabour. But this promise is not worth the paper it is written when the\ncompanies are not investigating their suppliers. Their claim is simply not\ncredible,\u201d said Mark Dummett.\n\n\u201cWithout laws that require companies to check and publicly disclose\ninformation about where they source minerals and their suppliers, companies\ncan continue to benefit from human rights abuses. Governments must put an end\nto this lack of transparency, which allows companies to profit from misery.\u201d\n\nAmnesty International and Afrewatch are calling on multinational companies who\nuse lithium-ion batteries in their products to conduct human rights due\ndiligence, investigate whether the cobalt is extracted under hazardous\nconditions or with child labour, and be more transparent about their\nsuppliers.\n\nThe organizations are also calling on China to require Chinese extractive\ncompanies operating overseas to investigate their supply chains and address\nhuman rights abuses in their operations. The organizations say Huayou Cobalt\nshould confirm who is involved in mining and trading its cobalt (and where)\nand make sure it is not buying cobalt mined by child labour or in dangerous\nconditions.\n\n\u201cCompanies must not simply discontinue a trading relationship with a supplier\nor embargo DRC cobalt once human rights risks have been identified in the\nsupply chain. They must take remedial action on the harm suffered by people\nwhose human rights were abused,\u201d said Mark Dummett.\n\nAmnesty International\n\nHow cobalt moves from mine to the global market\n\n * [ Business and Human Rights ](https://www.amnesty.org/en/search/?qtopic=2067)\n * [ Children ](https://www.amnesty.org/en/search/?qtopic=2071)\n * [ China ](https://www.amnesty.org/en/location/asia-and-the-pacific/east-asia/china/)\n * [ Corporate Accountability ](https://www.amnesty.org/en/search/?qtopic=2069)\n * [ Democratic Republic of the Congo ](https://www.amnesty.org/en/location/africa/east-africa-the-horn-and-great-lakes/democratic-republic-of-the-congo/)\n * [ Exploitation of Natural Resources ](https://www.amnesty.org/en/search/?qtopic=2068)\n * [ News ](https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/)\n * [ Press Release ](https://www.amnesty.org/en/search/?qresource-type=2143)\n\n[ News ](https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/)\n\n * [ ](https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2016/01/child-labour-behind-smart-phone-and-electric-car-batteries/ \"Share on Facebook\")\n * [ ](https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2016/01/child-labour-behind-smart-phone-and-electric-car-batteries/&text=Exposed: Child labour behind smart phone and electric car batteries \"Share on Twitter\")\n\n## Related Content\n\n[ Country ](https://www.amnesty.org/en/location/asia-and-the-pacific/east-\nasia/china/)\n\n### [ China ](https://www.amnesty.org/en/location/asia-and-the-pacific/east-\nasia/china/)\n\n[ Campaigns ](https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/)\n\n### [ Chinese International Women\u2019s Day activist: \u2018Feminism is a way of life\u2019\n](https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2025/03/chinese-international-\nwomens-day-activist-feminism-is-a-way-of-life/)\n\n[ News ](https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/)\n\n### [ DRC: M23\u2019s rampant human rights abuses demand concerted international\naction ](https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2025/03/m23s-rampant-human-\nrights-abuses-demand-concerted-international-action/)\n\n[ News ](https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/)\n\n### [ China: Authorities must ensure labour activist\u2019s Wang Jianbing\u2019s full\nfreedom after unjust imprisonment\n](https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2025/03/china-authorities-must-\nensure-labour-activists-wang-jianbings-full-freedom-after-unjust-\nimprisonment/)\n\n[ News ](https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/)\n\n### [ Hong Kong: Article 23 law used to \u2018normalize\u2019 repression one year since\nenactment ](https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2025/03/hong-kong-\narticle-23-law-used-to-normalize-repression-one-year-since-enactment/)\n\n#### [ About Us ](https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/10/about-us/)\n\n * [ Contact Us ](https://www.amnesty.org/en/about-us/contact/)\n * [ How We\u2019re Run 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"url": "https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2016/01/child-labour-behind-smart-phone-and-electric-car-batteries/"
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"page_content": "Skip to main content\n\nIn the News\n\n# Report: Conflict Gold Reaching US Company Supply Chains\n\nThursday, November 1, 2018\n\n### More Posts\n\n[ Driving human rights performance is about pushing for the right data\n](/news/driving-human-rights-performance-about-pushing-right-data)\n\nApril 2025\n\n[ Investors at War with Tech Firms on AI ](/news/investors-war-tech-firms-ai)\n\nMarch 2025\n\n[ Disastrous Omnibus proposal erodes EU\u2019s corporate accountability commitments\nand slashes human rights and environmental protections ](/news/disastrous-\nomnibus-proposal-erodes-eus-corporate-accountability-commitments-and-slashes-\nhuman)\n\nMarch 2025\n\n[ Matthew Welch on the UN Business and Human Rights Forum ](/news/matthew-\nwelch-un-business-and-human-rights-forum)\n\nFebruary 2025\n\n[ Yumi Fujita on the UN Business and Human Rights Forum ](/news/yumi-fujita-\nun-business-and-human-rights-forum)\n\nFebruary 2025\n\nGold mined from conflict areas in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo is\nreaching the supply chains of major US companies and finding its way into\nconsumer products, according to an NGO report.\n\nThe report by The Sentry \u2013 an initiative of NGO Enough Project and human\nrights charity Not On Our Watch (NOOW) \u2013 says that the African Gold Refinery\n(AGR), located in Uganda, is sourcing illegally smuggled gold from eastern\nCongo and then exporting it to a Belgian affiliated refinery.\n\nThe gold, it says, may find its way into the supply chains of major western\ncorporations, including \"Amazon, Sony, General Electric, and 280 other US\npublicly traded companies\".\n\nAll of these companies, it continues, listed the Belgian refinery as an entity\nthat may be in their supply chains, according to 2018 SEC filings. This is\ndespite it failing an international conflict minerals audit, the Responsible\nMinerals Initiative (RMI) \u2013 formerly the Conflict-Free Smelter Programme. It\nwas subsequently removed from RMI's active refiner/smelter list in November\nlast year.\n\nAmazon and Sony did not respond to Chemical Watch's request for comment on the\nreport's claims by the time of publishing. General Electric responded by\nhighlighting its 2017 conflict minerals report, which sets out the due\ndiligence the company carried out last year. However, it did not directly\nrespond to the NGO report.\n\nAGR has denied that it sources from conflict areas and says it is \"committed\nto refraining from any action which contributes to the financing of conflict\".\n\n## US requirements\n\nIn 2012, the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) issued a [ final rule\n](https://www.sec.gov/rules/final/2012/34-67716.pdf) , which requires\ncompanies to determine if the gold, tin, tungsten and tantalum (3TG) they use\ncame from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) or an adjoining country.\n\nIf it is found to be the case, they are required to carry out a due diligence\nreview of their supply chain to determine whether their 3TG transactions are\nfunding armed groups in eastern DRC.\n\nHowever, last year, then-Acting Chairman of the SEC Michael Piwowar [\nsuggested ](https://chemicalwatch.com/53297/) the agency would not seek\nenforcement for failure to submit 'enhanced disclosure' documents required by\nthe law.\n\nMany [ companies ](https://chemicalwatch.com/58176/) affected continued to\nfile full reports for the 2016 reporting year, but others failed to as a\n\"direct response\" to Mr Piwowar's [ statements\n](https://chemicalwatch.com/55097/) .\n\nIt [ led to a group of investors ](https://chemicalwatch.com/67693/) \u2013 under\nthe Investor Alliance for Human Rights banner \u2013 pointing to more than a dozen\ncompany filings which explicitly mention the SEC's 2017 statements in\nindicating why they had chosen not to file the supplemental conflict minerals\nreport.\n\nThe reporting rule has faced headwinds in the US since its enactment,\nincluding several efforts to [ defund ](https://chemicalwatch.com/58735/) it,\namid concern from regulated parties over the [ burden\n](https://chemicalwatch.com/55418/) it imposes. \n \n[ Critics ](https://chemicalwatch.com/53297/) say the rule has resulted in an\nunintended boycott of 3TG minerals sourced from the DRC region. But [ research\n](https://chemicalwatch.com/67181/) suggests these fears are overblown.\n\nIssues\n\n[ CAHRA ](/taxonomy/term/54)\n\n[ Digital Rights ](/taxonomy/term/57)\n\n[ Supply Chain ](/taxonomy/term/53)\n\nLinks\n\n[ Chemical Watch ](https://chemicalwatch.com/71231/conflict-gold-reaching-us-\ncompany-supply-chains-says-ngo-report)\n\n * [ ](https://www.linkedin.com/company/investor-alliance-for-human-rights)\n * [ ](https://bsky.app/profile/investforrights.bsky.social)\n * [ ](https://www.youtube.com/@investorallianceforhumanri6610)\n * [ ](https://twitter.com/InvestForRights)\n\n\u00a9 2024 ICCR, All rights reserved.\n\n",
"url": "https://investorsforhumanrights.org/news/conflict-gold-reaching-us-company-supply-chains-says-ngo-report"
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"search_query": "company 'Cowboy' supply chain human rights",
"summary": "This news article from Investors for Human Rights discusses conflict gold reaching US company supply chains.",
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"source": "https://media.wholefoodsmarket.com/whole-foods-market-launches-new-seafood-code-of-conduct-to-advance-human-rights-and-social-responsibility-in-the-supply-chain/"
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"page_content": "Newsroom\n\n[ Home ](https://media.wholefoodsmarket.com) / [ News\n](https://media.wholefoodsmarket.com/news/) / News release\n\nJan. 28, 2025\n\n# Whole Foods Market Launches New Seafood Code of Conduct to Advance Human\nRights and Social Responsibility in the Supply Chain\n\n[\n](//pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.wholefoodsmarket.com%2Fwhole-\nfoods-market-launches-new-seafood-code-of-conduct-to-advance-human-rights-and-\nsocial-responsibility-in-the-supply-\nchain%2F&description=Whole+Foods+Market+Launches+New+Seafood+Code+of+Conduct+to+Advance+Human+Rights+and+Social+Responsibility+in+the+Supply+Chain)\n[\n](//www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.wholefoodsmarket.com%2Fwhole-\nfoods-market-launches-new-seafood-code-of-conduct-to-advance-human-rights-and-\nsocial-responsibility-in-the-supply-chain%2F) [\n](//twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Whole+Foods+Market+Launches+New+Seafood+Code+of+Conduct+to+Advance+Human+Rights+and+Social+Responsibility+in+the+Supply+Chain%20https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.wholefoodsmarket.com%2Fwhole-\nfoods-market-launches-new-seafood-code-of-conduct-to-advance-human-rights-and-\nsocial-responsibility-in-the-supply-chain%2F)\n\n**AUSTIN, Texas (Jan. 28, 2025)** \u2014 Whole Foods Market today announced its new\n[ Seafood Code of Conduct\n](https://assets.wholefoodsmarket.com/www/legal/Whole-Foods-Market-Seafood-\nCode-of-Conduct-2025.pdf) , reinforcing the company\u2019s commitment to safeguard\nthe human rights and welfare of workers throughout its global seafood supply\nchain. Building on the company\u2019s industry-leading Quality Standards, the new\npolicy strengthens protections for fishers and vessel crew and sets a higher\nbar for ethical labor practices and supply chain transparency.\n\nWhole Foods Market\u2019s Seafood Code of Conduct draws from globally recognized\nprinciples, including the [ UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights\n](https://www.ohchr.org/documents/publications/guidingprinciplesbusinesshr_en.pdf)\nand the International Labour Organization\u2019s (ILO) [ Work in Fishing Convention\n](https://normlex.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_ILO_CODE:C188)\n. The Code establishes clear standards that all seafood suppliers \u2014 from\nvessel owners to processors and distributors \u2014 are expected to follow. These\nnew standards build on the broader Whole Foods Market Supplier Code of Conduct\nand are part of the company\u2019s long-term mission to promote social\nresponsibility and continuous improvement in its supply chain.\n\n\u201cLeading with purpose has always been at the heart of Whole Foods Market, and\nour new Seafood Code of Conduct is an extension of that commitment,\u201d said\nJason Buechel, chief executive officer of Whole Foods Market. \u201cThis isn\u2019t just\na one-time announcement \u2014 it\u2019s an ongoing effort to raise the industry\nstandard for human rights, responsible sourcing, and supply chain\ntransparency. Working together with our industry peers, we can create a\nfairer, safer, and more ethical seafood industry for everyone.\u201d\n\n**Key Provisions of the Seafood Code of Conduct**\n\nThe new Seafood Code of Conduct applies to fresh, frozen, and canned seafood\nsuppliers, which includes sushi, and includes commitments across key areas\nsuch as:\n\n * **Maximum Working Hours and Time at Sea:** Aligns work and rest hours with ILO Fishing Convention standards and establishes that all fishing vessels must visit port every 11 months. \n * **Ethical Recruitment:** Prohibits recruitment fees and mandates clear, fair employment contracts. \n * **Communication access for Crew Members:** Mandates crew access to communication channels while at sea to contact family, NGOs, and worker representatives, and calls for vessels to prioritize installing Wi-Fi. \n * **Health and Safety on Vessels:** Requires safety training, PPE, medical care, and sufficient food and water for all crew members. \n\n\u201cCongratulations to Whole Foods Market for delivering a cutting-edge Seafood\nCode of Conduct that focuses on the worker\u2019s needs and rights, explicitly\noutlining their stance on key, emerging topics, including responsible\nrecruitment and Wi-Fi on vessels,\u201d said Kelley K. Bell, social responsibility\ndivision director at Fishwise. \u201cThere should be no confusion about the\nexpectations of those that are a part of the Whole Foods Market seafood supply\nchain.\u201d\n\n**Raising the Bar for Industry Standards**\n\nWhole Foods Market has long been a leader in responsible seafood sourcing,\ncollaborating with fisheries that uphold high standards for sustainability. We\nrecognize our unique role in the food system to address human rights abuses in\nthe seafood industry and continue to advocate for stronger traceability\nstandards and investments in enhanced communication for fishing crews, such as\nWi-Fi onboard vessels, to achieve a greater impact.\n\nMost recently, Whole Foods Market worked with Monterey Bay Aquarium Seafood\nWatch urging the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC) to\nadopt stronger labor protections, including the use of electronic monitoring\n(EM) for vessel activity, measures to enhance crew welfare, and science-based\ntargets for tuna stock management.\n\nThe company is encouraged by other retailers, suppliers, and industry leaders\nwho adopt similar protections in the effort to create a more ethical and\ntransparent seafood industry. By working together, the industry can help\nensure workers across the seafood sector are treated with the dignity and\nrespect they deserve. Whole Foods Market continues to set an example through\ncritical actions like the Seafood Code of Conduct to support and implement\nhigher standards that help drive meaningful industry change.\n\nFor more information on our seafood standards, visit [\nhttps://www.wholefoodsmarket.com/quality-standards/seafood-standards\n](https://www.wholefoodsmarket.com/quality-standards/seafood-standards) .\n\n**About Whole Foods Market**\n\nFounded in 1980, Austin-based Whole Foods Market is the world\u2019s leading\nnatural and organic foods retailer and the first certified organic national\ngrocer in the United States. Part of Amazon\u2019s Worldwide Grocery Stores, Whole\nFoods Market serves customers in more than 530 stores across the U.S., Canada,\nand the U.K. To learn more about Whole Foods Market, please visit [\nhttps://media.wholefoodsmarket.com/ ](https://media.wholefoodsmarket.com/) .\n\nNewsroom\n\n * [ Home ](https://media.wholefoodsmarket.com/)\n * [ News ](https://media.wholefoodsmarket.com/news/)\n * [ The Whole Story ](https://wholestory.wholefoodsmarket.com)\n * [ Community Giving ](https://media.wholefoodsmarket.com/community-giving/)\n * [ Media Library ](https://media.wholefoodsmarket.com/image-library/)\n * [ Leadership ](https://media.wholefoodsmarket.com/experts/)\n * [ About ](https://media.wholefoodsmarket.com/about/)\n * [ Contact Us ](https://media.wholefoodsmarket.com/contact/)\n\n### Whole Foods Market on Social\n\n[ ](https://www.facebook.com/wholefoodsmarket/) [\n](https://www.instagram.com/wholefoods) [\n](https://www.youtube.com/user/WholeFoodsMarket/)\n\n\u00a9 2025 Whole Foods Market. All Rights Reserved. [ wholefoodsmarket.com\n](https://media.wholefoodsmarket.com/ \"Whole Foods Market\")\n\n * [ Privacy Policy ](https://www.wholefoodsmarket.com/site-information/privacy-notice)\n * [ Terms of Use ](https://www.wholefoodsmarket.com/legal/conditions-of-use)\n * [ Site Information ](https://www.wholefoodsmarket.com/site-information)\n\n",
"url": "https://media.wholefoodsmarket.com/whole-foods-market-launches-new-seafood-code-of-conduct-to-advance-human-rights-and-social-responsibility-in-the-supply-chain/"
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"reason": "This press release from Whole Foods Market announces a new seafood code of conduct to advance human rights and social responsibility in the supply chain.",
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"search_query": "company 'Cowboy' supply chain human rights",
"summary": "This press release from Whole Foods Market announces a new seafood code of conduct to advance human rights and social responsibility in the supply chain.",
"url": "https://media.wholefoodsmarket.com/whole-foods-market-launches-new-seafood-code-of-conduct-to-advance-human-rights-and-social-responsibility-in-the-supply-chain/"
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"source": "https://www.bsr.org/en/reports/human-rights-due-diligence-of-products-and-services"
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"page_content": "###### Thursday July 15, 2021\n\n[ ](https://www.linkedin.com/sharing/share-\noffsite/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bsr.org%2Fen%2Freports%2Fhuman-rights-due-\ndiligence-of-products-and-services) [\n](https://bsky.app/intent/compose?text=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bsr.org%2Fen%2Freports%2Fhuman-\nrights-due-diligence-of-products-and-services) [ ](mailto:?)\n\n##### Authors\n\n * Lindsey Andersen \n\nAssociate Director, Human Rights\n\n[ ](https://www.linkedin.com/in/lindsey-andersen-43bb9252/) [\n](https://twitter.com/Linds_Anders)\n\n__\n\n* * *\n\n##### Lindsey Andersen\n\nAssociate Director, Human Rights\n\n[ ](https://www.linkedin.com/in/lindsey-andersen-43bb9252/) [\n](https://twitter.com/Linds_Anders)\n\nSan Francisco\n\n* * *\n\nLindsey works at the intersection of [ technology\n](https://www.bsr.org/en/industry-focus/information-and-communications-\ntechnology) and [ human rights ](https://www.bsr.org/en/expertise/human-\nrights) , helping both tech and non-tech companies identify and address human\nrights impacts associated with the development and use of technology and\neffectively incorporate business and human rights practices. Her focus areas\ninclude content governance, end-use risks of tech products and services, and\nthe implications of artificial intelligence (AI) and other emerging\ntechnologies.\n\nPrior to joining BSR, Lindsey worked with digital rights organization Access\nNow to drive the conversation on the human rights implications of AI. As part\nof this, she wrote the foundational report [ Human Rights in the Age of\nArtificial Intelligence\n](https://www.accessnow.org/cms/assets/uploads/2018/11/AI-and-Human-\nRights.pdf) . Lindsey previously worked at Internews, implementing a large\nportfolio of internet freedom projects across Latin America, which focused on\nequipping journalists and human rights defenders with digital security skills\nand defending the free and open internet. Lindsey has worked and lived across\nLatin America and is fluent in Spanish and Portuguese.\n\nLindsey holds a Master\u2019s in Public and International Affairs from Princeton\nUniversity and a BA in Political Science and International Studies from the\nUniversity of Nebraska-Lincoln.\n\n * Joanna Lovatt \n\nFormer Manager, BSR\n\n## Overview\n\nHuman rights due diligence (HRDD) of products and services\u2014also known as\n\u201cdownstream HRDD\u201d or \u201cend use HRDD\u201d\u2014has been a requirement of the [ UN Guiding\nPrinciples on Business and Human Rights\n](https://www.ohchr.org/documents/publications/guidingprinciplesbusinesshr_en.pdf)\n(UNGPs) since their endorsement by the UN Human Rights Council in 2011.\nHowever, its relevance has skyrocketed in the past few years due to the rise\nof technology products like [ social media ](https://www.bsr.org/en/our-\ninsights/blog-view/beyond-user-realdonaldtrump-human-rights-based-approach-\ncontent-governance) and [ artificial intelligence\n](https://www.bsr.org/en/our-insights/blog-view/the-human-rights-impacts-of-\nworkplace-monitoring-technology) .\n\nAs the field of supply chain due diligence has matured, the downstream value\nchain is increasingly becoming a focal point for more traditional sectors like\npharmaceuticals and heavy industry. Now more than ever, we can see and feel\nthe human rights impacts of business products and services, which in turn has\nelevated the need for businesses to take a serious look at how their products\nand services are designed and developed, who they are sold to, how they are\nused, and how they may be misused.\n\n## What Is Downstream Human Rights Due Diligence?\n\nDownstream human rights due diligence is the assessment and prioritization of\nhuman rights impacts that occur as a result of company actions or omissions\nduring the design, development, promotion, deployment, sale, licensing, or use\nof products or services. It differs from other types of business human rights\ndue diligence because it focuses entirely on the downstream value chain,\nrather than the upstream supply chain or direct business operations.\n\n##### Download\n\n[ Download ](https://www.bsr.org/reports/BSR-Human-Rights-Due-Diligence-\nProducts-Services.pdf \"Report: Human Rights Due Diligence of Products and\nServices\")\n\n* * *\n\n##### Topics\n\n * [ Human Rights ](https://www.bsr.org/en/topics/human-rights)\n\nThe downstream value chain encompasses the human rights impacts that occur\nduring and after the sale of a product or service and is influenced by the\nbusiness inputs to that product or service (e.g., R&D, design, testing,\npromotion).\n\n### **A. The End Use**\n\nWhat is this product and/or service intended to do or achieve? Should the\ncompany sell this product/service for this intended end use?\n\n### **B. The Customer/End User**\n\nFor B2B or B2G sales, what is the human rights track record and context of the\ncustomer and destination geography? Should the company make this deal with\nthis customer?\n\n### **C. The Impacts**\n\nWhat adverse human rights impacts might arise? What measures can businesses\ntake to address these human rights harms?\n\n### **D. The Company\u2019s Role**\n\nWhat is the company\u2019s connection to potential human rights harms? What\nleverage does the company have to address those harms?\n\n## **Why Is It Important?**\n\nDownstream human rights due diligence is important because severe adverse\nhuman rights impacts can result from the use or abuse of products and\nservices, as well as decisions made at any point in the product lifecycle. For\nexample:\n\n * A product or service could be inherently incompatible with international human rights standards even if it is used correctly, like some applications of [ live facial recognition technology ](https://www.ft.com/content/b79e0bee-d32a-4d8e-b9b4-c8ffd3ac23f4) . \n * Unintentional misuse can occur due to user error or ignorance, such as the [ improper disposal of pharmaceutical drugs ](https://nordiclifescience.org/pharma-industry-confronts-growing-problem-of-pharmaceutical-waste/) leading to environmental pollution. \n * Some products or services may be intentionally misused or abused, even if they have legitimate or valuable applications in other settings, like State-led [ co-option of telecommunications infrastructure ](https://www.ihrb.org/uploads/reports/2014-11-18%2C_IHRB_Report%2C_Human_Rights_Challenges_for_Telecommunications_Vendors.pdf) to intercept and surveil communications in ways that are not legitimate, necessary, or proportionate. \n\nDownstream human rights due diligence is also part of the business\nresponsibility to respect human rights under the UNGPs, which require\ncompanies to conduct human rights due diligence across their entire value\nchain\u2013including the downstream value chain. A series of [ UN B-Tech\n](https://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Business/Pages/B-TechProject.aspx) project\npapers have elaborated on the technology sector\u2019s downstream HRDD\nresponsibilities, and downstream HRDD will likely also be included as a\nrequirement in the forthcoming [ EU Mandatory Environmental and Human Rights\nDue Diligence Law\n](https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=ab945361-e236-405d-8193-4d4088373bf4#:~:text=EU%20Set%20to%20Introduce%20Mandatory%20Environmental%20and%20Human%20Rights%20Due%20Diligence%20Law,-Morrison%20%26%20Foerster%20LLP&text=On%2010%20March%202021%2C%20the,diligence%20within%20their%20value%20chains.)\n.\n\n## The Dawn of the Downstream Era\n\nIncreased public consciousness and stakeholder understanding of downstream\nhuman rights impacts, coupled with the emerging HRDD regulatory requirements,\nis leading to a new era in which companies must be prepared to identify,\navoid, prevent, and mitigate the adverse human rights impacts associated with\ntheir products and services. BSR anticipates several ways downstream due\ndiligence will expand over the next five to ten years:\n\nExpand each advancement to learn more.\n\nAdvancement 1 A broader approach to \u201cKnow Your Customer\u201d ethics __\n\nWhile the UNGPs emphasize a specific connection between \u201cproduct/service\u201d and\ncorresponding harm, some downstream business relationships can legitimize and\nempower bad actors to commit human rights violations in an indirect way. The\nrecent [ military coup in Myanmar\n](https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?LangID=E&NewsID=27087)\nhas demonstrated the dangers of dealing with high-risk customers, even if\nthese customers are not subject to legal sanctions or if the products/services\nbeing sold are not connected to harm. [ Corruption\n](https://www.bsr.org/en/our-insights/blog-view/corruption-value-chain-\ncomplicity-human-rights-abuses) is another example of how downstream business\nrelationships may undermine rule of law and indirectly adversely affect the\nhuman rights context. The future of business and human rights will\nincreasingly focus on the macro, structural perspective of customer human\nrights due diligence: the importance of \u201cwho is my customer,\u201d in addition to\n\u201cwhat are they actually doing with my product.\u201d\n\n* * *\n\nAdvancement 2 Expanded company responsibility for the actions of \u201cend users\u201d\n__\n\nMany companies sell their products and services through third party re-\nsellers, distributors, or channel partners, and therefore lack visibility into\nwho their products and services are being sold to and how they are being used.\nAlthough companies may not be legally liable for harm that occurs in these\ncases, they are still connected to any adverse human rights impacts and have a\nresponsibility to undertake human rights due diligence in order to address\nthose adverse impacts\u2014for, example, by ensuring that business partners have\nadequate human rights policies and procedures in place.\n\n* * *\n\nAdvancement 3 Expected company action further up the value chain __\n\nAlthough the companies producing a given product or service ultimately bear\nmost of the responsibility for addressing downstream impacts, companies that\nprovide components for services to that product are also connected to adverse\nhuman rights impacts, and therefore have a part to play in addressing them\nthrough their own due diligence policies and practices. One example of this is\nthe [ successful pressure on tech service providers\n](https://www.theverge.com/22224860/parler-trump-deplatformed-capitol-raid-\nmoderation-censorship-facebook-amazon-twitter) to stop doing business with the\ncontroversial social media platform Parler for its role in enabling the\nJanuary 2021 insurrection at the U.S. Capitol.\n\n* * *\n\nAdvancement 4 Focus on the role of businesses in cumulative and/or structural\nadverse impacts on society __\n\nIncreasingly, stakeholders are pointing out how companies\u2019 actions or\nomissions play a role in adverse impacts on society at large, not just those\ndirectly impacted by operations, products, or services. For example, companies\nacross all industries have increasingly come under fire for not doing enough\nto [ defend democracy and the integrity of elections, contributing to systemic\nracism ](https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/14/business/dealbook/ceos-voting-\nrights.html) , and [ failing to ensure their role in COVID-19 related\ninterventions truly benefit public health ](https://www.ictworks.org/google-\napple-failure-covid-19-digital-response/#.YLpT_ahKhPY) .\n\n* * *\n\nAdvancement 5 Collective approaches to downstream human rights due diligence\nto address system-wide challenges __\n\nBecause of the sheer volume of products and services and the number of\nentities involved in product development and use, traditional approaches to\nhuman rights due diligence are not always feasible. In the future, companies\nproducing and selling similar types of products and services will need to come\ntogether to develop shared baseline standards, best practices, proposals for\nlaws and regulations, and sector-wide impact assessments to collectively\naddress adverse impacts and achieve transparency at scale in their downstream\nvalue chains.\n\n* * *\n\n## **Getting Started**\n\nDownstream human rights due diligence includes the assessment of (1) the end\nuse human rights risks, (2) human rights risks associated with the\ncustomer/end user or destination geography, (3) specific human rights impacts,\nand (4) the company\u2019s connection to the impacts. The right approach is\ncompany/industry/product specific, and as such will come with its own unique\ndilemmas and nuance.\n\nThe four elements of downstream due diligence are meant to be considered\nholistically. An assessment of any area as \u201chigh-risk\u201d does not necessarily\nmean that the product or service should not be produced, or that sales to a\ngiven customer or market should not go forward. Markets considered \"high risk\"\ndue to poor human rights records may also be those that could most benefit\nfrom the product or service in question, and the most vulnerable groups in\nthose markets may also be those with the most to gain from those\nproducts/services. For this reason, downstream HRDD should be designed to\nenable companies to conduct business responsibly, rather than lead companies\nto stop doing business altogether in markets that may most benefit from\ninvestment and access to products and services.\n\n### **End Use Assessment**\n\n * Due Diligence Questions \n * Examples of Due Diligence Actions \n\n * What is this product or service intended to achieve? \n * Should the company sell this product or service for this end use? \n * What is the socially beneficial purpose of this product/service? \n * How can positive impacts be maximized? \n\n * Embed \u201chuman rights by design\u201d principles/policies to identify technical limitations on how a product or service can be used to prevent misuse and adverse human rights impacts. \n * Stipulate that the product or service cannot be deployed in a manner that contravenes international human rights standards in contracts and acceptable use policies, with specificity on the specific rights implicated and restrictions applied. \n * Utilize post-sale product feedback and dialogue as a source of learning to help design and develop products and services less likely to be associated with harm, including ongoing training and audits with the customer. \n\n### **Customer/End User/Destination Geography Assessment**\n\n * Due Diligence Questions \n * Examples of Due Diligence Actions \n\n * Who is the customer? If a reseller or distributor is involved, who is the end user? Is there a recent record of association with human rights harms? \n * What are the end user\u2019s interests, incentives, and motivations for using the product or service? \n * What are their stated policies and actual practices regarding the product or service? Do they intend to modify or upgrade the product or service? \n * Does the user have clear commitments to human rights? Do they have the capacity to mitigate potential adverse impacts? \n * What is the human rights context of the end user market/geography? Is there state protection of human rights, rule of law, and judicial access to remedy? \n * How are these contextual factors connected to the product or service in question? \n\n * Build leverage over post-sale impacts by using installment sales contracts and after sales service agreements. \n * Provide training and guidance to customers or intermediaries on the appropriate use of the product or service. \n * Use contractual terms stating the human rights-respecting approved uses of the product or service, that the customer will only use it in those ways, and that the reseller must also conduct downstream HRDD. \n * Place restrictions on re-sale or relocation of the product or service without notice and approval by the company. \n * Void warranties if the product is misused, or if re-sale/distribution occurs without notice or HRDD. \n * Conduct regular audits for compliance with manufacturer contracts and policies. \n * Provide channels for third parties to report cases of misuse. \n\n### **Adverse Impacts Assessment Due Diligence**\n\n * Due Diligence Questions \n * Examples of Due Diligence Actions \n\n * What are the actual and potential human rights impacts arising from the product/service use, and how can they be avoided, prevented, or mitigated? \n * Are there any use cases that should be disallowed? \n * Could the product be unintentionally or intentionally misused to cause harm? \n\n * Lobby with governments to regulate wider misuse within specific markets. \n * Work collaboratively with business peers, bilaterally, or with multi-stakeholders to improve shared standards as an industry. \n * Engage with local civil society to understand product/service misuse and to raise awareness about the adverse impacts associated with misuse. \n * Invest in initiatives designed to address product/service misuse. \n\n### **Company Connection Due Diligence**\n\n * Due Diligence Questions \n * Examples of Due Diligence Actions \n\n * What is the company\u2019s connection to potential human rights harms? \n * Does the company\u2019s actions or omissions facilitate or enable harm, by adding to the conditions that make it possible for use of a product by a third party to cause harm? \n * Does the company\u2019s actions or omissions incentivize or motivate harm, by making it more likely that a product or service will be used in ways that cause harm? \n * What measures should the company deploy? \n\n * Establish transparency and traceability systems for monitoring where products and services end up, including if they are transferred, modified, or sold. \n * Utilize product/service warranties and customer service (e.g., firmware updates) to track their destination and use. \n * Train employees, particularly R&D and sales teams, in the human rights issues salient for the company\u2019s products and services. \n * Establish decision-gates and escalation procedures for the design, development, sale, and promotion of high-risk products and services. \n\n[ ](https://www.bsr.org/en/our-insights/report-view/responsible-product-use-\nin-the-saas-sector)\n\n**Explore this more deeply in our recent paper,_Responsible Product Use in the\nSaaS Sector_ . **\n\n[ Learn More ](https://www.bsr.org/en/our-insights/report-view/responsible-\nproduct-use-in-the-saas-sector)\n\nLet\u2019s talk about how BSR can help you to transform your business and achieve\nyour sustainability goals .\n\n[ Contact Us ](https://www.bsr.org/en/hello)\n\n##### You Might Also Like\n\n[ ](https://www.bsr.org/en/reports/the-shared-opportunity-to-promote-a-second-\ndecade-priority-for-the-ungps)\n\n###### Reports\n\n##### [ The Shared Opportunity to Promote: A Second-Decade Priority for the\nUNGPs ](https://www.bsr.org/en/reports/the-shared-opportunity-to-promote-a-\nsecond-decade-priority-for-the-ungps)\n\nThe absence of action to promote human rights presents severe risks to their\nfulfillment. This paper draws upon BSR experience over the past decade to\npropose a framework for the shared promotion of human rights.\n\n[ ](https://www.bsr.org/en/reports/access-to-remedy)\n\n###### Reports\n\n##### [ Access to Remedy ](https://www.bsr.org/en/reports/access-to-remedy)\n\nAfter 10 years of implementing the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human\nRights (UNGPs), companies are increasingly expected to address the harms they\nhave caused or contributed to through their business relationships. This brief\nexplains what effective remedy is, the role of business, and five\nrecommendations for companies to improve access.\n\n[ ](https://www.bsr.org/en/reports/climate-change-building-resilience-while-\nprotecting-human-rights)\n\n###### Reports\n\n##### [ Climate Change: Building Resilience While Protecting Human Rights\n](https://www.bsr.org/en/reports/climate-change-building-resilience-while-\nprotecting-human-rights)\n\nThis report explores the intersection between climate and human rights and\nmakes recommendations on taking first steps to create long-term, resilient\nbusiness strategies that address human rights impacts related to physical\nclimate impacts as well as the transition to a low carbon economy.\n\n[ ](https://www.bsr.org/en/reports/business-in-conflict-affected-and-high-\nrisk-contexts)\n\n###### Reports\n\n##### [ Business in Conflict-Affected and High-Risk Contexts\n](https://www.bsr.org/en/reports/business-in-conflict-affected-and-high-risk-\ncontexts)\n\nComplex interplay of social, political, environmental, and economic factors\nfosters an environment where violence, oppression, poverty, human rights\nabuses, and state failure are more likely to occur. Businesses that integrate\nhuman rights management into strategic decision-making and day-to-day\noperations will be more resilient to today\u2019s global challenges while\naddressing some of the social, economic, and environmental drivers of\nconflict.\n\n[ ](https://www.bsr.org/en/reports/human-rights-assessments-identifying-risks-\ninforming-strategy)\n\n###### Reports\n\n##### [ Human Rights Assessments: Identifying Risks, Informing Strategy\n](https://www.bsr.org/en/reports/human-rights-assessments-identifying-risks-\ninforming-strategy)\n\nAccording to the UNGPs, companies should identify and assess any actual or\npotential adverse human rights impacts to gauge human rights risks. BSR shares\nits human rights assessment methodology to help with this important first step\nof human rights due diligence.\n\n[ Back to Reports ](https://www.bsr.org/en/reports)\n\n[ ](https://www.bsr.org/)\n\n##### About BSR\n\nBSR\u00ae is a sustainable business network and consultancy focused on creating a\nworld in which all people can thrive on a healthy planet. With offices in\nAsia, Europe, and North America, BSR\u00ae provides its 300+ member companies with\ninsight, advice, and collaborative initiatives to help them see a changing\nworld more clearly, create long-term value, and scale impact.\n\n##### Our Global Offices\n\n * Copenhagen \n * Guangzhou \n * Hong Kong \n * London \n * New York \n * Paris \n * San Francisco \n * Shanghai \n * Singapore \n * Tokyo \n * Washington, D.C. \n\n##### Stay Informed\n\n[ Subscribe ](/en/hello/subscribe)\n\n##### Elsewhere\n\n * [ ](http://www.linkedin.com/company/162839)\n * [ ](https://bsky.app/profile/bsrnews.bsky.social)\n * [ ](http://www.youtube.com/user/BusinessSocialResp)\n * [ ](https://www.flickr.com/photos/107327276@N08/sets/)\n\n* * *\n\n##### [ Sustainability Insights ](https://www.bsr.org/en/sustainability-\ninsights)\n\n * [ Podcast Series ](https://www.bsr.org/en/audio)\n * [ Blog ](https://www.bsr.org/en/blog)\n * [ Case Studies ](https://www.bsr.org/en/case-studies)\n * [ In the News 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"url": "https://www.bsr.org/en/reports/human-rights-due-diligence-of-products-and-services"
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"summary": "This report from BSR discusses human rights due diligence of products and services.",
"url": "https://www.bsr.org/en/reports/human-rights-due-diligence-of-products-and-services"
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"url": "https://www.ft.com/content/a0be4094-2aba-4275-a3ca-ec5e58cc5032"
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"source": "https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/against-their-will-the-situation-in-xinjiang"
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"page_content": "Skip to main content\n\n# Against Their Will: The Situation in Xinjiang\n\n## Institutionalized Oppression: Forced Labor Programs Targeting Uyghurs and\nOther Minorities in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China\n\nSince 2016, the government of the People's Republic of China (PRC) has\nsubjected Uyghurs and members of other predominantly Muslim ethnic minority\ngroups in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR) to genocide, state-\nimposed forced labor, and crimes against humanity. (1)\n\nThe PRC officially recognizes 55 ethnic groups in addition to the Han\nmajority. Uyghurs, Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, and other mostly Muslim minority groups\nare subjected to abuse and discrimination in places like the XUAR and\nelsewhere in the country.\n\nUyghurs detained in camps and forced to work in factories must endure\noppressive conditions. In one internment camp in Kashgar, Xinjiang, Uyghur\ndetainees work as forced laborers to produce textiles. They receive little\npay, are not allowed to leave, and have limited or no communication with\nfamily members. If family communication and visits are allowed, they are\nheavily monitored and can be cut short. When not working, the Uyghur workers\nmust learn Mandarin and undergo ideological indoctrination. However, these\nabuses are not just limited to the XUAR.\n\nBeyond the XUAR, in the coastal Chinese province of Fujian, Uyghur workers at\na factory in Quanzhou face similar abuses. They are made to live in separate\ndormitories from Han workers, surrounded by an iron gate and security cameras.\nUyghurs often work longer hours than their Han co-workers. When finished for\nthe day, the Uyghur workers are escorted back to their dormitories by\nprovincial police officers from the XUAR \u2013 not Fujian. The local police say\nthe roll call is to ensure no one is missing. However, Uyghur workers at this\nfactory cannot exercise their free will to leave the premises. Even if they\ncould leave, local police have confiscated their identification materials.\n\n## Standardizing State-Imposed Forced Labor\n\nIn February 2024, the International Labor Organization (ILO) issued updated\nguidance on state-imposed forced labor, which it refers to forms of forced\nlabor imposed by state authorities, agents acting on behalf of state\nauthorities, and organizations with authority similar to the state. (2)\n\nDifferent forms of state-imposed forced labor utilized by the PRC government\nin the XUAR include prison labor, the \u201cVocational Skills Education and\nTraining Centers\u201d or reeducation centers, and transfers of non-detained rural\n\u201csurplus\u201d laborers into factory work, known as Poverty Alleviation Through\nLabor Transfer. (3) (4) Poverty Alleviation Through Labor Transfer involves\nlocal government agencies in the XUAR working directly with companies to\nrelocate people from rural communities to industrial areas for employment,\nboth inside the XUAR and throughout China. (3) The PRC government gives\nsubsidies to companies moving to the XUAR and for employing Muslim-minority\nworkers. (5) These practices heighten demand for members of Muslim and ethnic\nminority groups that the government wants placed in work assignments where\nthey can be controlled and watched, receive Mandarin-Chinese language\ntraining, and undergo political indoctrination. (5) Once at a work placement,\nworkers are usually subjected to constant surveillance and isolation. Given\nthe vast surveillance state in the XUAR and the threat of detention,\nindividuals have little choice but to endure these unspeakable labor and human\nrights abuses. (6) The Poverty Alleviation Through Labor Transfer program has\ncontinued to expand and is now Xinjiang\u2019s primary coercive labor system, with\nlabor transfers occurring more than 3 million times in 2022. (7)\n\n_China\u2019s State-Owned Paramilitary Force_\n\nThe Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (XPCC) is a central entity used\nby the PRC government to implement its system of forced labor, forced cultural\nassimilation, and society-wide control and coercion in the XUAR. The XPCC\nfunctions as a regional government, a paramilitary organization, a bureau of\nprisons, and one of the world\u2019s largest state-run corporate enterprises. (8)\nThe XPCC operates corporations in energy, mining, chemicals, oil and gas\nextraction, logistics, apparel, electronics, wine, food processing, insurance,\ntourism, and many other sectors. The goods produced by the XPCC reach far into\nglobal supply chains, and XPCC construction projects operate not only in the\nXUAR but throughout China and around the world. (5) In response to serious\nhuman and labor rights abuses committed by the XPCC against ethnic minorities,\nthe United States government issued sanctions against the group and members of\nits leadership in 2020. (9)\n\n## From Cotton to Cars: The Growing List of Goods Produced by Forced Labor in\nChina\n\nGoods from China have been included on the [ _List of Goods Produced by Child\nLabor of Forced Labor_ ](/agencies/ilab/reports/child-labor/list-of-goods)\nsince 2009. The Bureau of International Labor Affairs (ILAB) added five goods\nproduced by forced labor by Muslim minorities in China to the 2020 edition of\nthe List. These goods include gloves, hair products, textiles, thread/yarn,\nand tomato products. In 2021, ILAB added an additional good, polysilicon,\nproduced by forced labor by Muslim minorities in China.\n\nIn 2024 edition of the List of Goods, ILAB added six more goods produced with\nforced labor by Muslim minorities in China. These goods include caustic soda,\nmetallurgical grade silicon, polyvinyl chloride, aluminum, jujubes, and squid.\nAdditionally, ILAB has added goods that are manufactured with input products\nmade with forced labor in the XUAR, including Chinese auto parts that contain\naluminum produced with forced labor, and Chinese thread/yarn, textiles, and\ngarments that contain cotton produced with forced labor. Finally, ILAB has\nidentified cotton garments produced in Vietnam as a downstream good that\ncontains cotton produced with forced labor in China, which takes place\nprimarily in the XUAR.\n\nILAB\u2019s research used published victims' testimonies and media and think tank\nreports, to identify the various industries implicated in this system of\nforced labor. Given the vast state-sponsored structure in place and the\ncontrol of information, it is likely that more goods produced with forced\nlabor in China are part of the global supply chain than those currently listed\nin our reports. (10)\n\n## The UFLPA and Beyond: U.S. Efforts to address Forced Labor in the XUAR\n\nIn December 2021, the [ Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act\n](/agencies/ilab/uyghur-forced-labor-prevention-act) (UFLPA) was enacted into\nlaw, establishing a rebuttable presumption that goods produced wholly or in\npart in the XUAR or by an entity on the [ UFLPA Entity List\n](https://www.dhs.gov/uflpa-entity-list) are made with forced labor and\nprohibited from importation into the U.S. under 19 U.S.C. (11) In 2023, the\nUnited States government published an addendum to the [ Xinjiang Supply Chain\nBusiness Advisory ](https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Xinjiang-\nBusiness-Advisory-Addendum-July-2023-FINAL-Accessible-09.26.2023.pdf) , which\nencourages businesses and individuals to undertake appropriate human rights\ndue diligence measures by identifying products with inputs from the XUAR, or\npotential supply chain links to entities operating in the XUAR or included on\nthe UFLPA Entity List. (12) This business advisory, the [ UFLPA Strategy\n](https://www.dhs.gov/uflpa-strategy) , and the [ List of Goods Produced by\nChild Labor or Forced Labor ](/agencies/ilab/reports/child-labor/list-of-\ngoods) and ILAB's [ Comply Chain due diligence tool ](/agencies/ilab/comply-\nchain) for businesses, are practical guides for raising awareness and\naddressing this issue. With such severe and well-documented, widespread\nabuses, it is important that the world remain vigilant with respect to labor\nand goods linked to the XUAR and employ reasonable measures to guard against\ncomplicity in these violations.\n\n * [ List of Goods ](/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/child_labor_reports/tda2023/2023-Findings-on-the-Worst-Forms-of-Child-Labor.pdf) (Full Report) \n * [ List of Goods ](/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/child_labor_reports/tda2023/2024ListofGoodsExcel.xlsx) (Excel) \n * [ List of Goods ](/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/child_labor_reports/tda2023/TVPRA-List-Bibliography-2024.pdf) (Bibliography) \n * [ Supply Chain Research: Child Labor and Forced Labor Risks ](/agencies/ilab/reports/child-labor/list-of-goods/supply-chains)\n * [ Aluminum Story Board/Issue Page ](/agencies/ilab/reports/child-labor/list-of-goods/supply-chains/aluminum)\n\n 1. **U.S. Department of State** , 2023 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: China, April 22, 2024, [ https://www.state.gov/reports/2023-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/china/ ](https://www.state.gov/reports/2023-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/china/) . \n 2. **International Labour Organization** , \u201cHard to See, Harder to Count: Handbook on Forced Labour Surveys,\u201d Third Edition, Geneva: International Labour Office, 2024, 148, [ https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/hard-see-harder-count-survey-guidelines-estimate-forced-labour-adults-and-children ](/agencies/ilab/hard-see-harder-count-survey-guidelines-estimate-forced-labour-adults-and-children) . \n 3. **Dr. Adrian Zenz** , The Conceptual Evolution of Poverty Alleviation Through Labor Transfer in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Central Asian Survey, 42(4), 649\u2013673., October 25, 2023, [ https://doi.org/10.1080/02634937.2023.2227225 ](https://doi.org/10.1080/02634937.2023.2227225) . \n 4. **Dr. Adrian Zenz** , State-Imposed Forced Labor in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region: Current State, Latest Evidence, Impossibility of Credible Social Audits, and Ongoing Western Complicity and Audit-Washing, Written Testimony submitted for the hearing of the United States Congressional Executive Commission on China, [ https://www.cecc.gov/sites/evo-subsites/cecc.house.gov/files/documents/hearings/2024-04%20Written%20Testimony%20CECC%20Zenz%20%28submitted%29_0.pdf ](https://www.cecc.gov/sites/evo-subsites/cecc.house.gov/files/documents/hearings/2024-04%20Written%20Testimony%20CECC%20Zenz%20%28submitted%29_0.pdf) . \n 5. **Center for Strategic and International Studies** . Connecting the Dots in Xinjiang: Forced Labor, Forced Assimilation, and Western Supply Chains. October 16, 2019. [ https://csis-website-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/publication/Lehr_ConnectingDotsXinjiang_interior_v3_FULL_WEB.pdf ](https://csis-website-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/publication/Lehr_ConnectingDotsXinjiang_interior_v3_FULL_WEB.pdf) . \n 6. **Australian Strategic Policy Institute** . Uyghurs for Sale. March 1, 2020. \n 7. **Dr. Adrian Zenz** , Forced Labor in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region: Assessing the Continuation of Coercive Labor Transfers in 2023 and Early 2024, Jamestown China Brief Volume: 24 Issue 5, February 14, 2024, [ https://jamestown.org/program/forced-labor-in-the-xinjiang-uyghur-autonomous-region-assessing-the-continuation-of-coercive-labor-transfers-in-2023-and-early-2024/ ](https://jamestown.org/program/forced-labor-in-the-xinjiang-uyghur-autonomous-region-assessing-the-continuation-of-coercive-labor-transfers-in-2023-and-early-2024/) . \n 8. **Murphy, et al.** , Until Nothing is Left: China\u2019s Settler Corporation and its Human Rights Violations in the Uyghur Region, Sheffield Hallam University, Pg. 4 July 2022, [ https://www.shu.ac.uk/helena-kennedy-centre-international-justice/research-and-projects/all-projects/until-nothing-is-left ](https://www.shu.ac.uk/helena-kennedy-centre-international-justice/research-and-projects/all-projects/until-nothing-is-left) . \n 9. **U.S. Department of Treasury** , Treasury Sanctions Chinese Entity and Officials Pursuant to Global Magnitsky Human Rights Executive Order, July 31, 2020, [ https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sm1073 ](https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sm1073) . \n 10. **Congressional-Executive Commission on China** . Global Supply Chains, Forced Labor, and the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. March 2020. \n 11. **Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act** , Public Law 117-78, December 23, 2021, [ https://www.congress.gov/117/plaws/publ78/PLAW-117publ78.pdf ](https://www.congress.gov/117/plaws/publ78/PLAW-117publ78.pdf) . \n 12. **United States Government** , Xinjiang Supply Chain Business Advisory Addendum, September 26, 2023, [ https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Xinjiang-Business-Advisory-Addendum-July-2023-FINAL-Accessible-09.26.2023.pdf ](https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Xinjiang-Business-Advisory-Addendum-July-2023-FINAL-Accessible-09.26.2023.pdf) . \n\nScroll to Top __\n\n * [ ILAB Home ](/agencies/ilab)\n * [ About ](/agencies/ilab/about-us)\n * [ Our Work ](/agencies/ilab/our-work)\n * [ Resources ](/agencies/ilab/resources)\n\n[ ](/ \"Home\")\n\nBureau of International Labor Affairs\n\nAn agency within the U.S. Department of Labor\n\n200 Constitution Ave NW \nWashington, DC 20210 \n[ 1-866-4-USA-DOL ](tel:1-866-487-2365)\n\n[ 1-866-487-2365 ](tel:1-866-487-2365)\n\n[ www.dol.gov ](https://www.dol.gov)\n\nConnect With DOL\n\n[ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/departmentoflabor \"Facebook for the\nUnited States Department of Labor\") [ X ](https://twitter.com/USDOL \"Twitter\nfor the United States Department of Labor\") [ Instagram\n](https://www.instagram.com/USDOL/ \"Instagram for the United States Department\nof Labor\") [ LinkedIn ](https://www.linkedin.com/company/u-s-department-of-\nlabor/ \"LinkedIn for the United States Department of Labor\") [ Youtube\n](https://www.youtube.com/user/USDepartmentofLabor \"YouTube for the United\nStates Department of Labor\")\n\n[ Site Map ](/general/findit) [ Important Website Notices\n](/general/aboutdol/website-policies) [ Privacy & Security Statement\n](/general/privacynotice)\n\n",
"url": "https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/against-their-will-the-situation-in-xinjiang"
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"source": "https://www.unilever.com/sustainability/respect-human-rights/our-salient-human-rights-issues/"
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\n# Our salient human rights issues\n\nAverage read time: **2 minutes**\n\nIdentifying our salient human rights issues has helped us prioritise how we\naddress human rights impacts across our operations and value chain. Saliency\nhelps us to focus our efforts and is defined by the UN Guiding Principles on\nBusiness and Human Rights (UNGPs) as 'the human rights that are at risk of the\nmost severe negative impacts through a company\u2019s activities or business\nrelationships'.\n\nWhen we endorsed the UNGPs, we committed to identifying our salient human\nrights issues, which we first completed in 2015 (see [ this report (PDF 4.53\nMB) ](/files/82edc8e9-aca0-4146-b3b9-ef10fab97e6c/unilever-human-rights-\nreport-2015.pdf) ). Since then, we have regularly reviewed these in line with\nbest practice, with the most recent review conducted in 2023. During this\nprocess we engaged Twentyfifty, a human rights management consultancy, to\nsupport our assessment of both existing and emerging human rights issues.\n\nEach of our salient issues is viewed through the lenses of gender and climate\nimpact to understand the influence that these have on access to human rights.\n\n## Rationale for our changes\n\nWe have updated the framing of several issues, for example:\n\n * Bullying and harassment was updated to mark the distinction between these two types of behaviour. \n * Health was updated to broaden the issue from just occupational health and safety (which is still critical), to include the right to a healthy environment and other issues such as right to water and mental health. \n * Fair wage and income was expanded to reflect and recognise the variety of ways that people across our value chain make their living. \n * We are also more specific about the individual issue or group that we are talking about, for example with land rights (including Indigenous Peoples\u2019 rights). \n\n## Keeping our salient human rights issues under review\n\nIdentifying our salient issues is vital to effectively prioritise our work.\nBut this list is not exhaustive and we continue to strive to embed respect for\nall human rights in our value chain. We are clear that human rights abuses\naffect real people, in real ways and the impacts can be life-changing.\n\n## Global and regional salient issues\n\nOur global salient human rights issues reflect the nature of our global\nbusiness. There are several additional issues which are addressed through\nfocused programmes. Child labour, for example, is an issue that we continue to\naddress through regional and commodity specific initiatives where the risk is\nhigh, such as in cocoa producing regions of Western Africa.\n\nWe keep our salient human rights issues under review and monitor emerging\ntrends such as those related to technology, data privacy and AI, which are\ndeveloping at pace.\n\n## Our Salient Human Rights Issues Framework\n\nWe have a structured approach to address our salient issues through our\nSalient Issues Framework. By following the four elements of our Framework we\nare able to drive consistency and ensure our approach to each salient issue\nfollows a similar model.\n\n 1. ## Description and impact \n\nThe description of the issue, which includes which stakeholders are impacted\nand how, how many people the issue affects and where they are, and the main\nroot causes of the issue.\n\n 2. ## Theory of change \n\nOur theory of change is based on this clear understanding of the problem we\nare trying to address, and enables us to set out our vision of the outcome we\nwant to deliver.\n\n 3. ## Interventions \n\nWe then define areas of intervention \u2013 strategic priorities which will achieve\nthe vision of the theory of change, with clear segmentation on where we will\nhave the biggest impact on people.\n\n 4. ## Action plans \n\nOur action plans outline what we need to do to achieve these priorities, how\nwe will do this, and the internal and external stakeholders with whom we need\nto work to achieve our vision.\n\nCollaboration is critical in addressing our salient human rights issues. This\nincludes engaging directly with business partners to agree action plans which\naddress the issues identified. We also actively engage in industry platforms\nand groups to drive industry improvements at scale. We communicate about this\nwork through [ case studies ](/sustainability/respect-human-rights/) and in\nour Annual Report and Accounts.\n\nBack to top\n\n## Connect with us\n\nWe're always looking to connect with those who share an interest in a\nsustainable future.\n\n * [ Connect with us on Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/unilever)\n * [ Connect with us on X ](http://www.x.com/Unilever)\n * [ Connect with us on LinkedIn ](https://www.linkedin.com/company/unilever)\n * [ Connect with us on Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/unilever/?hl=en)\n\n## Contact us\n\nGet in touch with Unilever PLC and specialist teams in our headquarters, or\nfind contacts around the world.\n\n[ Contact us ](/contact/)\n\nThis is Unilever's global company website\n\n\u00a9 Unilever 2025\n\n[ AbilityNet ](https://abilitynet.org.uk/accreditation/unilever-website-\naccreditation-plus-certificate)\n\nHave you got a few minutes to complete a survey? We would love to hear about\nyour experience using Unilever.com.\n\n",
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"source": "https://www.state.gov/bureau-of-economic-and-business-affairs/xinjiang-supply-chain-business-advisory/"
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"page_content": "Skip to content\n\nAn official website of the United States Government _Here's how you know_\n\n**Official websites use .gov**\n\nA **.gov** website belongs to an official government organization in the\nUnited States.\n\n**Secure .gov websites use HTTPS**\n\nA **lock ( ) ** or **https://** means you\u2019ve safely connected to the .gov\nwebsite. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.\n\n[ Home ](https://www.state.gov) [ Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs\n](https://www.state.gov/bureaus-offices/under-secretary-for-economic-growth-\nenergy-and-the-environment/bureau-of-economic-and-business-affairs/) [ Remarks\n& Releases ](/bureaus-archive/bureau-of-economic-and-business-affairs) ...\nXinjiang Supply Chain Business Advisory\n\nhide\n\n# Xinjiang Supply Chain Business Advisory\n\n##### **Addendum to the Xinjiang Supply Chain Business Advisory**\n\nOn September 26, 2023, the Department of State, together with the Department\nof the Treasury, Department of Commerce, Department of Homeland Security, the\nOffice of the U.S. Trade Representative, and the Department of Labor, issued\nan Addendum to the 2021 Updated Xinjiang Supply Chain Business Advisory to\ncall attention to the People\u2019s Republic of China\u2019s (PRC) ongoing genocide and\ncrimes against humanity in Xinjiang and the evidence of widespread use of\nforced labor there.\n\nThe Addendum highlights the following:\n\n * Reports from both governmental and non-governmental sources that contain information about the ongoing, widespread, and pervasive risks in supply chains posed by state-sponsored forced labor and other human rights abuses in Xinjiang. \n * The urgency for businesses to undertake appropriate human rights due diligence measures as described in the _Strategy to Prevent the Importation of Goods Mined, Produced, or Manufactured with Forced Labor in the People\u2019s Republic of China._ This guidance is issued pursuant to the Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act. \n\nThe United States will continue to promote accountability for the PRC\u2019s\natrocities and other abuses through a whole-of-government effort and in close\ncoordination with the private sector and our allies and partners.\n\n##### Updated Xinjiang Supply Chain Business Advisory\n\nOn July 13, 2021, the U.S. Department of State, alongside the U.S. Department\nof the Treasury, the U.S. Department of Commerce, the U.S. Department of\nHomeland Security, the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative, and the U.S.\nDepartment of Labor issued an updated Xinjiang Supply Chain Business Advisory\nto highlight the heightened risks for businesses with supply chain and\ninvestment links to Xinjiang, given the entities complicit in forced labor and\nother human rights abuses there and throughout China. This updates the\noriginal Xinjiang Supply Chain Business Advisory issued by U.S. government\nagencies on July 1, 2020.\n\nThe People\u2019s Republic of China (PRC) government continues its horrific abuses\nin the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang) and elsewhere in China,\ntargeting Uyghurs, ethnic Kazakhs, and ethnic Kyrgyz who are predominantly\nMuslim, and members of other ethnic and religious minority groups. These\nabuses include widespread, state-sponsored forced labor and intrusive\nsurveillance, forced population control measures and separation of children\nfrom families, mass detention, and other human rights abuses amidst ongoing\ngenocide and crimes against humanity. Given the severity and extent of these\nabuses, businesses and individuals that do not exit supply chains, ventures,\nand/or investments connected to Xinjiang could run a high risk of violating\nU.S. law.\n\nThe updated advisory highlights:\n\n * Information related to widespread, state-sponsored forced labor and intrusive surveillance in and related to Xinjiang; \n\n * Information related to the various kinds of risks and potential exposure to state-sponsored forced labor and human rights abuses related to Xinjiang; \n\n * The U.S. Department of State Guidance on Implementing the \u201cUN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights\u201d for Transactions Linked to Foreign Government End-Users for Products or Services with Surveillance Capabilities; \n\n * Information for investors in PRC companies linked to surveillance in Xinjiang; \n\n * Information on due diligence related to banking, financial institutions and other investors; \n\n * Information from the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative and the U.S. Department of Labor; \n\n * Updated information about U.S. government actions taken in response to human rights abuses in and in connection to Xinjiang, including but not limited to the issuance of Withhold Release Orders by U.S. Customs and Border Protection, the addition of entities to the U.S. Department of Commerce Entity List, the imposition of economic sanctions by the U.S. Department of the Treasury, the imposition of visa restrictions by the U.S. Department of State, and the addition of goods to the U.S. Department of Labor\u2019s _List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor_ (Annex 1); \n\n * Information on forced labor in the Xinjiang silicon and polysilicon supply chain and the prevalence of inputs sourced from Xinjiang (Annex 4); and \n\n * A list of other countries\u2019 regulatory provisions and information on forced labor in supply chains (Annex 7). \n\n## Translations\n\n * [ Arabic [853 KB] ](https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Xinjiang-Business-Advisory-Arabic-July-2021.pdf)\n * [ Chinese [760 KB] ](https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/LS-2021-0114277-CHN-FINAL_Updated-Xinjiang-Business-Advisory_13July-corrected.pdf)\n * [ French [903 KB] ](https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Xinjiang-Business-Advisory-French-July-2021.pdf)\n * [ Russian [837 KB] ](https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Xinjiang-Business-Advisory-Russian-July-2021.pdf)\n * [ Spanish [674 KB] ](https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Xinjiang-Business-Advisory-Spanish-July-2021.pdf)\n\n* * *\n\n## Guidance\n\n#### [ U.S. Department of State Guidance on Implementing the \u201cUN Guiding\nPrinciples\u201d for Transactions Linked to Foreign Government End-Users for\nProducts or Services with Surveillance Capabilities\n](https://www.state.gov/key-topics-bureau-of-democracy-human-rights-and-\nlabor/due-diligence-guidance/)\n\nThis guidance is a first-of-its-kind tool intended to provide practical and\naccessible human rights guidance to U.S. businesses seeking to prevent their\nproducts or services with surveillance capabilities from being misused by\ngovernment end-users to commit human rights abuses.\n\n* * *\n\n## Resources\n\n#### [ Department of State China Human Rights Report\n](https://www.state.gov/reports/2020-country-reports-on-human-rights-\npractices/china/)\n\nThe Department of State\u2019s annual Country Reports on Human Rights Practices\ncover internationally recognized individual, civil, political, and worker\nrights, as set forth in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other\ninternational documents. The reports can include specific information on\nforeign government agencies, including Chinese government agencies.\n\n#### [ Department of State China Trafficking in Persons Report\n](https://www.state.gov/reports/2020-trafficking-in-persons-report/china/)\n\nThe Department of State\u2019s annual Trafficking in Persons Report grades\ncountries, including China, on a four-tier scale in their efforts to meet the\nTVPA\u2019s minimum standards for eliminating human trafficking and provides\ncontent specific to forced labor and sex trafficking in each country.\n\n#### [ Department of Labor Findings on Worst Forms of Child Labor Report\n](https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/findings)\n\nThe Department of Labor\u2019s annual Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor\nreport focuses on the efforts of certain U.S. trade beneficiary countries and\nterritories, excluding China, to eliminate the worst forms of child labor\nthrough legislation, enforcement mechanisms, policies, and social programs.\n\n#### [ Department of Labor List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced\nLabor Report ](https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/reports/child-labor/list-of-\ngoods)\n\nThe Department of Labor maintains a list of goods and their source countries,\nincluding China, for which it has reason to believe are produced by child\nlabor or forced labor in violation of international standards, as required\nunder the [ Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act\n](https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/about/laws) of 2005 and subsequent\nreauthorizations. Artificial Flowers, Christmas Decorations, Coal, Footwear,\nGarments, and Nails are included for forced labor of adults; Textiles are\nincluded for child labor; and Bricks, Cotton, Electronics, Fireworks, and Toys\nare included for both forced labor of adults and child labor.\n\n#### [ Department of Labor List of Products Produced by Forced or Indentured\nChild Labor Report ](https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/reports/child-\nlabor/list-of-products)\n\nThe Department of Labor maintains a list of products and their source\ncountries, including China, which it has a reasonable basis to believe are\nproduced by forced or indentured child labor, pursuant to [ Executive Order\n13126 ](https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/about/laws) . This List is intended\nto ensure that U.S. federal agencies and contracted parties do not procure\ngoods made by forced or indentured child labor. Bricks, Cotton, Electronics,\nand Toys feature on this list currently.\n\n#### [ Congressional-Executive Commission on China: Annual Report\n](https://www.cecc.gov/publications/annual-reports)\n\nThe Congressional-Executive Commission on China (CECC) report published\nJanuary 2021 highlights multiple concerning human rights issues, including the\nmass, arbitrary internment of Uyghur and other Muslim ethnic minorities.\n\n#### [ Responsible Sourcing Tool ](https://www.responsiblesourcingtool.org/)\n\nThe Responsible Sourcing Tool, developed by the State Department and Verit\u00e9,\nassists U.S. federal contractors, procurement officials, and companies to\nbetter identify, prevent, and address the risks of human trafficking in their\nglobal supply chains.\n\n#### [ Forced Labor Importer Due Diligence Fact Sheet\n](https://www.cbp.gov/document/fact-sheets/forced-labor-importer-due-\ndiligence)\n\nU.S. CBP\u2019s fact sheet sets out resources to assist companies with\nstrengthening their policies and procedures to mitigate the risk of child and\nforced labor in their global supply chains.\n\n#### [ Withhold Release Orders and Findings\n](https://www.cbp.gov/trade/programs-administration/forced-labor/withhold-\nrelease-orders-and-findings)\n\nU.S. CBP publishes WROs issued by the Commissioner and Findings in the Federal\nRegister. CBP does not generally publicize specific detentions, re-\nexportations, exclusions, or seizures of the subject merchandise that may have\nresulted from the WROs or findings.\n\n#### [ U.S. ICE Forced Labor Program Fact Sheet\n](https://www.ice.gov/doclib/iprcenter/pdf/flpFactSheet.pdf)\n\nU.S. ICE HSI\u2019s fact sheet provides information on the Forced Labor Program\nthat coordinates criminal investigations into allegations of forced labor\n(including forced child labor) resulting in the manufacturing or production of\ngoods overseas imported into the United States.\n\nTags\n\n[ Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor\n](https://www.state.gov/bureaus-offices/under-secretary-for-civilian-security-\ndemocracy-and-human-rights/bureau-of-democracy-human-rights-and-labor/) [\nBureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs ](https://www.state.gov/bureaus-\noffices/under-secretary-for-political-affairs/bureau-of-east-asian-and-\npacific-affairs/) [ Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs\n](https://www.state.gov/bureaus-offices/under-secretary-for-economic-growth-\nenergy-and-the-environment/bureau-of-economic-and-business-affairs/) [ China\n](https://www.state.gov/countries-areas/china/) [ Xinjiang\n](https://www.state.gov/countries-areas-archive/xinjiang/)\n\n[ ](https://www.state.gov \"United States Department of State\")\n\n * [ White House ](https://www.whitehouse.gov/)\n * [ USA.gov ](https://www.usa.gov/)\n * [ Office of the Inspector General ](https://www.stateoig.gov/)\n * [ Archives ](https://www.state.gov/u-s-department-of-state-archive-websites)\n * [ Contact Us ](https://register.state.gov/contactus/contactusform)\n\nfollow us\n\n[ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/statedept) [ X\n](https://x.com/StateDept) [ Instagram\n](https://www.instagram.com/statedept/) [ YouTube\n](https://www.youtube.com/user/statevideo) [ Flickr\n](https://www.flickr.com/photos/statephotos/) [ GovDelivery\n](https://www.state.gov/department-email-updates/)\n\n * [ Privacy Policy ](https://www.state.gov/privacy-policy)\n * [ Accessibility Statement ](https://www.state.gov/section-508-accessibility-statement)\n * [ Copyright Information ](https://www.state.gov/copyright-information)\n * [ FOIA ](https://foia.state.gov/)\n * [ No FEAR Act ](https://www.state.gov/eeo-no-fear-act-whistleblower-protection-acts)\n\n[ ](javascript:void\\(0\\); \"Close\")\n\n## U.S. Department _of_ State\n\n#### The Lessons of 1989: Freedom and Our Future\n\nCookie Settings\n\nWe use cookies to make our website work better and improve your experience. By\ncontinuing to use the site, you agree to our privacy policy.\n\nFunctional Always active\n\nThe technical storage or access is strictly necessary for the legitimate\npurpose of enabling the use of a specific service explicitly requested by the\nsubscriber or user, or for the sole purpose of carrying out the transmission\nof a communication over an electronic communications network.\n\nPreferences\n\nThe technical storage or access is necessary for the legitimate purpose of\nstoring preferences that are not requested by the subscriber or user.\n\nStatistics\n\nThe technical storage or access that is used exclusively for statistical\npurposes. The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for\nanonymous statistical purposes. 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"url": "https://www.state.gov/bureau-of-economic-and-business-affairs/xinjiang-supply-chain-business-advisory/"
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"page_content": "Skip to main content\n\n|\n\nAdd a bookmark to get started\n\n[ Bookmarks info ](/en-us/bookmarks)\n\nUnited States,Global Site,United Kingdom\n\n * [ Home ](/en-us/)\n * [ Insights ](/en-us/insights)\n * [ Horizon ](/en-us/insights/publications/horizon)\n * Horizon \u2013 ESG Regulatory News and Trends \n\n24 September 2024 \u2022 26 minute read\n\nshare\n\nLinkedIn Facebook Twitter Email Whatsapp Line WeChat Xing\n\n# Horizon - ESG Regulatory News and Trends\n\nWritten by : [ Kristy Balsanek ](/en-us/people/b/balsanek-kristy) [ Gwendolyn\nKeyes ](/en-us/people/k/keyes-gwendolyn) [ George Gigounas ](/en-\nus/people/g/gigounas-george) [ Sanjay Shirodkar ](/en-us/people/s/shirodkar-\nsanjay-m) Semhal Gebrekirstos\n\nContributors : [ Era Anagnosti ](/en-us/people/a/anagnosti-era) [ Kathleen\nBirrane ](/en-us/people/b/birrane-kathleen) [ Bryan Connolly ](/en-\nus/people/c/connolly-bryan-c) [ Andrew Current ](/en-us/people/c/current-\nandrew) [ Katherine Jahnke Dale ](/en-us/people/j/jahnke-dale-katherine-c) [\nMegan Filmer ](/en-us/people/f/filmer-megan) [ Jenna Fontenot ](/en-\nus/people/f/fontenot-jenna) [ Brooke Goodlett ](/en-us/people/g/goodlett-\nbrooke) [ Traneke Hamrick ](/en-us/people/h/hamrick-traneke) [ Paul\nHemmersbaugh ](/en-us/people/h/hemmersbaugh-paul) [ Josh Kaufman ](/en-\nus/people/k/kaufman-josh) [ Doug Lavey ](/en-us/people/l/lavey-doug) [ Amanda\nMcCaffrey ](/en-us/people/m/mccaffrey-amanda) [ John Sullivan ](/en-\nus/people/s/sullivan-john-l) [ Rachel Toker ](/en-us/people/t/toker-rachel)\n\n[ Subscribe ](https://communications.us.dlapiper.com/16/5652/environmental--\nsocial-and-governance/esg-sign-up.asp) [ Contact us ](/en-us/contact-us)\n\nWelcome to _Horizon_ , DLA Piper\u2019s regular bulletin reporting on late-breaking\nlegislative and policy developments in ESG. Our aim is to scan the litigation,\nenforcement, and regulatory horizon to help inform business decisions.\n\n**In this issue**\n\n_Click each topic to jump to that section._\n\nDisclosures \nGreenwashing \nClimate change and the environment: Regulatory and Enforcement \nClimate change: Litigation \nClimate change: The marketplace \nSupply chain \nBusiness and human rights \nESG investment \nESG calendar \u2013 key reporting deadlines, coming events\n\n#### _ DISCLOSURES _\n\n**California emissions reporting disclosures will not be postponed.**\nImplementation of California's GHG emissions reporting requirements will move\nahead as originally planned, with [ initial disclosures due in 2026 ](/en-\nus/insights/publications/2023/12/california-climate-disclosure-bills-\njanuary-1-2024-is-first-compliance-deadline) . A proposal to delay\nimplementation of the disclosures by two years, championed this summer by\nGovernor Gavin Newsom, was ultimately omitted from the budget-related bill\npassed by state legislators on August 31. The compliance deadline for\ncompanies has not changed. However, SB 219 has survived, giving the California\nAir Resource Board until July 1, 2025 (rather than January 1, 2025) to finish\nits rulemaking and adopt regulations for reporting entities\u2019 annual\ndisclosures of Scope 1-3 emissions.\n\n**NAIC adopts first climate financial impact analysis for P &C insurers. **\nThe National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) has adopted the\nfirst US climate financial impact analysis exercise for US property and\ncasualty (P&C) insurers. On August 15, the NAIC adopted RBC proposal\n2024-20-CR MOD, which requires P&C insurers to model and disclose climate\nimpact on hurricane and wildfire exposures for year end 2024, 2025, and 2026\non the insurer\u2019s risk-based capital filing. The disclosures are for\ninformational purposes only and not to determine a new RCAT (Risk-Based\nCapital for Catastrophe Risk) charge. The RBC proposal was based on a referral\nfrom the Solvency Workstream of the Climate & Resiliency (EX) Task Force,\nwhich was directed by the executive committee to develop a climate scenario\nanalysis appropriate for the US market. The CRTF proposal was modified by the\nFinancial Condition (E) Committee at the request of industry to provide more\nflexibility in how financial impacts can be modeled. To learn more about this\ndevelopment, contact [ Kathleen Birrane ](/en-us/people/b/birrane-kathleen) .\n\n**Australia advances climate reporting requirements.** Taking the last\nlegislative step toward enactment, on September 9 Australia\u2019s House of\nRepresentatives passed the Treasury Laws Amendment bill, mandating climate-\nrelated reporting requirements for large and medium-sized companies. Initial\nreporting for the largest companies will begin in January 2025. The Australian\nAccounting Standards Board is continuing to develop climate disclosure\nstandards, in alignment with the IFRS Foundation\u2019s International\nSustainability Standards, for Australian companies. In a related move, the\nHouse also voted to establish the Net Zero Economy Authority, which will steer\nAustralia\u2019s economic transformation to net zero emissions.\n\n**PAFA board approves strategy for groundbreaking Centre of Excellence for\nSustainability to enhance ISSB standards across Africa.** The board of the Pan\nAfrican Federation of Accountants (PAFA) has officially approved a strategy to\nestablish a Centre of Excellence (CoE) for Sustainability. This initiative\naims to advance the adoption and implementation of the [ IFRS Sustainability\nDisclosure Standards of the International Sustainability Standards Board\n](https://www.ifrs.org/groups/international-sustainability-standards-board/)\nthroughout the continent, including governance, transparency, and sustainable\nvalue creation. The CoE will function as a central resource hub for\nprofessional accountancy organizations and their members across Africa,\noffering tailored, multilingual resources to expedite the adoption of ISSB\nstandards and bolster sustainability.\n\n#### _ GREENWASHING _\n\n**New guidelines from USDA\u2019s FSIS on environmental labeling claims.** The US\nDepartment of Agriculture\u2019s Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) has\nreleased updated guidelines regarding the substantiation of animal-raising and\nenvironment-related claims on meat and poultry product labels. The guidelines,\neffective as of August 2024, aim to enhance transparency and prevent\ngreenwashing, making it clear that companies are expected to substantiate\nanimal welfare, animal pedigree, and environmental claims for meat and poultry\nproduct labels with supporting documentation or third-party certification. [\nOur alert covers the key points ](/en-us/insights/publications/2024/09/new-\nfsis-guidelines-on-environmental-labeling-claims-key-points) .\n\n**EPA expands mandatory federal purchasing program.** In April this year, the\nUS Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) was amended to require that agencies\n\u201cprocure sustainable products and services\u2026 to the maximum extent\npracticable.\u201d Now, the EPA is expanding its Recommendations of Specifications,\nStandards and Ecolabels for Federal Purchasing Program to reflect this,\nincluding new categories of products and services, including healthcare,\nlaboratories, clothing and uniforms, and cafeteria and food service products.\nThis expansion will have a downstream effect on federal procurement practices,\nas FAR requires that agencies purchase products and services that meet the\nrequirements of the Recommendations Program. [ See our alert ](/en-\nus/insights/publications/2024/09/epa-expands-mandatory-federal-purchasing-\nprogram) .\n\n**Blue Triton microplastics case put to rest.** _Slowinski v. BlueTriton\nBrands, Inc_ ., a putative class action, charged that the defendant\u2019s use of\nthe phrase \u201c100% Natural Spring Water\u201d on its Ice Mountain bottled water was\nmisleading because the water allegedly contained microplastics. In August, the\nDistrict Court for the Northern District of Illinois granted BlueTriton\u2019s\nmotion to dismiss the case, [ in an opinion notable for its thorough analysis\nof federal preemption and its colorful dissection of the plaintiffs\u2019 case\n](/en-us/insights/publications/2024/08/microplastics-cases-take-a-hit-\nillinois-district-court-tosses-claims-against-bluetriton-brands) . Although\nthe court left room for the plaintiffs to refile an amended complaint, it has\nsummarily rejected their effort to do so and has dismissed the action with\nprejudice.\n\n**Landmark South African decision finds a social media campaign misleading.**\nIn South Africa\u2019s first decision on corporate greenwashing, the country\u2019s\nAdvertising Regulatory Board (ARB) has ruled that a TotalEnergies social media\ncampaign, #FuelYourExperience, is misleading. The campaign emerged from the\nlong partnership between TotalEnergies and Sanparks, the South African\nconservation authority, to promote the country's national parks. In the\ncampaign, TotalEnergies said it is \"committed to sustainable development and\nenvironmental protection.\u201d The company stated, \"That's why we have partnered\nwith Sanparks for over 60 years, so that South Africans can appreciate our\ncountry's natural heritage and pass on a love for the environment to their\nchildren. The ARB said these statements could lead people to believe\nTotalEnergies practices \u201csustainable development\u201d in all its operations,\nadding there is \"no evidence that there is a link between the support of\nSanparks, and any definition of sustainable development.\u201d\n\n**UK FCA extends compliance date for compliance with naming and marketing\nrules to April \u2013 in exceptional circumstances.** The UK\u2019s Financial Conduct\nAuthority (FCA) will allow some asset managers \u201climited temporary flexibility\u201d\nto comply with the Sustainability Disclosure Requirements\u2019 naming and\nmarketing rules \u2013 extending the compliance date, in certain circumstances,\nfrom December 2, 2024 to April 2, 2025. It is allowing the extension for UK-\nauthorized investment funds only in exceptional circumstances, when funds have\nalready been working to comply with the requirements and have submitted a\ncompleted application seeking approval of amended disclosure for that fund by\nOctober 1, 2024. Funds that use terms like \u201csustainable,\u201d \u201csustainability,\u201d or\n\u201cimpact\u201d in their names will be eligible for the extension. FCA added, \u201cWe\nalso expect firms to comply with the rules as soon as they can, without\nwaiting until April 2, 2025.\u201d\n\n#### _ CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE ENVIRONMENT: REGULATORY AND ENFORCEMENT _\n\n**SEC dissolves Climate and ESG Task Force.** The SEC appears to have quietly\ndisbanded its Enforcement Division\u2019s Climate and ESG Task Force a few months\nago, an agency spokesperson told _Bloomberg Law_ . The task force, formed in\nMarch 2021, worked for three years to bring litigation regarding misstatements\nand material gaps in climate risk disclosures and violations of related\npolicies and procedures under existing SEC rules. While this agency action may\nsignal a cooling off of SEC\u2019s efforts to pursue enforcement action related to\npublic companies\u2019 ESG disclosures matters, some observers are commenting that,\nin the long run, the disbanding of the task force may have little effect.\nRecent SEC enforcement actions indicate there is no reason to believe the\nagency will stop pursuing alleged greenwashing offenders, and public companies\nshould continue to pay very close attention to the strength of their\ndisclosure controls and procedures with respect to all of their public\ndisclosures, within or outside SEC filings.\n\n**SEC fines Keurig.** Keurig Dr Pepper Inc., manufacturer of single-serve\ncoffee systems, will pay the SEC a $1.5 million civil penalty to settle SEC\ncharges that the company made misleading claims about the recyclability of its\nplastic K-Cup pods in its annual reports on Form 10-K. The pods \u201ccan be\neffectively recycled,\u201d Keurig said in its 2019 and 2020 filings. However, in\nits September 10, 2024 press release, the SEC stated that \u201cKeurig did not\ndisclose that two of the largest recycling companies in the United States had\nexpressed significant concerns to Keurig regarding the commercial feasibility\nof curbside recycling of K-Cup pods at that time and indicated that they did\nnot presently intend to accept them for recycling.\u201d Since 2020, Keurig has\ndisclosed that its pods, now made of #5 plastic, have been fully recyclable; a\nnote on its packaging, however, exclaims that the pods are \u201cnot recycled in\nmany communities.\u201d While the amount of the fine is small, it signals that\nfinancial regulators may be increasingly focusing on disclosures relating to a\ncompany\u2019s environmental and sustainability claims that may have an impact on\nshareholder value. Keurig has agreed to pay the fine without admitting or\ndenying the agency\u2019s findings.\n\n**Inflation Reduction Act grants will support updating building codes.** The\nUS Department of Energy has announced $240 million in grants to 19 state and\nlocal governments to help them encode modern building performance standards\nthat address energy efficiency and decarbonization. The selected programs,\nannounced on August 27, will be funded by the [ Inflation Reduction Act ](/en-\nus/insights/publications/2022/08/inside-the-inflation-reduction-act) , and\nvariously include such goals as lowering energy costs, reducing GHG emissions,\ndeveloping the workforce, making housing more affordable, and addressing the\nneeds of disadvantaged communities. [ See those selected for grants here\n](https://www.energy.gov/scep/selection-summary-inflation-reduction-act-\nsupport-building-energy-codes-and-innovative-\ncodes?utm_source=Transform%3A+IMT+News&utm_campaign=379f02fd32-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_august_2024_newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_-d3ab991bbd-%5BLIST_EMAIL_ID%5D)\n.\n\n**Newsom signs one major environmental bill; two more await his signature.**\nOn September 22, California Governor Gavin Newsom signed into law SB 1053,\nwhich updates a 2014 law to totally ban stores from providing plastic bags.\nThe bill aims to encourage shoppers to bring their own reusable bags. Stores\nwill be permitted to provide only bags made from recycled paper at checkout,\nfor which they must charge at least 10 cents. The bill goes into effect\nJanuary 1, 2026.\n\nAwaiting the governor\u2019s signature are two other major bills. Governor Gavin\nNewsom has until September 30 to sign them into law. They are:\n\n * _SB 707, the Responsible Textile Recovery Act_ , will mandate manufacturers, brand owners, distributers, and retailers of apparel or textiles to create and fund a producer responsibility organization (PRO) that would manage textile collection, sorting, and recycling. Like the plastics and packaging extended producer responsibility (EPR) law in California, this statewide program would be overseen by the California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery (CalRecycle). SB 707 would require the PRO to conduct a statewide needs assessment by March 1, 2027, and would require CalRecycle to adopt implementing regulations with an effective date no later than July 1, 2028. The act\u2019s current text reflects lengthy negotiations with textile and recycling industry stakeholders. A number of manufacturing groups have expressed concerns about who will ultimately pay for the program and have noted a perceived \u201cloophole for online marketplaces\u201d that could allow them to avoid paying into the PRO. SB 707 is one of several EPR laws passed in California this session and sent to Governor Newsom\u2019s desk; others include SB 1143 (EPR for paint), AB 863 (update to the EPR for carpet program), and SB 1066 (EPR for marine flares). [ See our roundup of state EPR laws ](/en-us/insights/publications/2024/08/state-epr-roundup-rulemaking-proceeds-under-producer-responsibility-statutes) . \n\n * _AB 660, food date labels_ : It is estimated that at least 20 percent of food waste arises from confusion over expiration dates on food packaging. This law aims to reduce food waste by clarifying confusing, inconsistent expiration dates on food packaging. It codifies already familiar terminology: \u201cbest if used by\u201d or \u201cbest if used or frozen by\u201d will indicate the quality date, while \u201cuse by\u201d or \u201cuse by or freeze by\u201d will indicate the safety date. \n\n**Chicago advances ordinance mandating data center environmental impact\nstudy.** A key Chicago city council committee has advanced an ordinance\ndirecting city departments to study the environmental and energy impacts of\ndata centers within Chicago. The primary purpose of the ordinance is to\nprovide bid preference to vendors who agree to store city data at facilities\nin the city - but, in response to concerns of environmental activists, the\nordinance would mandate the creation of an interdepartmental working group\nthat would review the environmental and energy impacts of data centers inside\nChicago. [ Our alert tells you more ](/en-\nus/insights/publications/2024/09/chicago-advances-ordinance-mandating-data-\ncenter-impact-study) .\n\n**An Australian state moves to decarbonize infrastructure delivery.**\nTraditionally, public infrastructure procurement is evaluated via three\ncriteria - cost, quality, and time. New South Wales, Australia's most populous\nstate, is adding a fourth: embodied carbon, described by Infrastructure\nAustralia as the \u201cemissions associated with materials and construction\nprocesses throughout the whole lifecycle of an infrastructure or building\nasset, including material extraction, transportation, manufacturing,\nconstruction, use, replacement, demolition and end of life.\u201d [ See our alert\n](/en-us/insights/publications/2024/09/decarbonising-infrastructure-delivery-\nin-australia) .\n\n**Singapore introduces Energy Transition Bill.** With the goals of\ndecarbonizing the power sector and maintaining a stable energy supply during\nemergencies, Singapore\u2019s Ministry of Trade and Industry (MTI) has introduced a\nnew energy transition bill for first reading in Parliament. The Energy\nTransition Measures and Other Amendments Bill would update three existing laws\n\u2013 the Gas Act, Electricity Act, and Energy Market Authority of Singapore Act \u2013\nto address energy security and advance sustainability. It would create a\nFuture Energy Fund, with $5 billion in funding to support energy transition\ninvestments. The Energy Market Authority (EMA) will have oversight of a new\nagency, the Central Gas Entity, and, in a move with implications for LNG\nprocurement, power generation companies will be required to procure gas solely\nfrom this agency. The EMA will also have the authority to ration use of power\nduring emergencies. Noting that about 40 percent of Singapore\u2019s carbon\nemissions come from power generation, primarily from natural gas, the MTI\nstated, \u201cDeveloping different decarbonization pathways will change our energy\nlandscape significantly, including in the way we regulate energy markets and\ndevelop our energy infrastructure.\u201d Singapore is aiming to achieve net-zero\nemissions by 2050. [ The bill\u2019s six key proposals may be seen here\n](https://www.ema.gov.sg/content/dam/corporate/news/media-\nreleases/2024/20240806-Media-Release-Introduction-of-Energy-Transition-\nMeasures-And-Other-Amendments-Bill.pdf.coredownload.pdf) .\n\n**IMO striving to cut GHG emissions in shipping.** The UN\u2019s International\nMaritime Organization (IMO) has been working toward the ambitious emissions\nreduction targets its 176 member states set last year in its 2023 IMO Strategy\non Reduction of GHG Emissions from Ships- that is, to reduce CO2 emissions\nfrom maritime transport, as an average across international shipping, by at\nleast 40 percent. Currently, the IMO is working to develop an impact\nassessment, a maritime fuel standard \u2013 part of the mechanism for determining\nthe GHG limits ships may emit \u2013 and a system of fee incentives. Unusually,\nthis month and next month member states are meeting three times to hammer out\nthe implemented regulations. They met early in September to workshop impact\nassessments of the proposed measures, then at a 17th intercessional meeting in\nmid-September, and will convene again in October during the 82nd meeting of\nthe Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC). These gatherings will\nproduce a final agreement, which member states will then need to review. Even\nthat process will be unusually accelerated: observes are expressing hope that\nthe measures will be ready to present to MEPC for approval at its spring 2025\nmeeting.\n\n#### _ CLIMATE CHANGE: LITIGATION _\n\n**Suit says Texas anti-ESG law violates the Constitution.** Texas SB 13\nrequires the state to divest any investments from financial firms that are\nallegedly boycotting fossil fuels. On August 29, the American Sustainable\nBusiness Council filed suit against the State of Texas, alleging that SB 13\n\u201cshould be declared unconstitutional and unenforceable because it\nimpermissibly infringes rights of free speech and association\u201d in violation of\nthe First and Fourteenth Amendments. The law, the suit adds, imposes vague\nrequirements, is \u201cbased on no legitimate state interest,\u201d and has harmed the\nTexas economy. The litigation is already being watched for its potential to\noverturn similar laws in other states, such as West Virginia and Kentucky,\nwhich generally premise that when financial firms take climate change into\naccount, they are pursuing a leftist social agenda. A similar law in Oklahoma\nlaw was permanently blocked earlier this year. In early August, the US\nDistrict Court for the Western District of Missouri permanently blocked\nMissouri\u2019s \u201cAnti-ESG Rules,\u201d promulgated by the Missouri Securities Division.\n\n**_Chamber of Commerce v CARB_ \u2013 hearing postponed. ** A hearing on the\nparties\u2019 dispositive motions in _Chamber of Commerce of the United States of\nAmerica, et al. v. California Air Resources Board_ , federal litigation\nchallenging the constitutionality of the two California climate disclosure\nlaws (SB253 and SB261), has been postponed to October. It now appears likely\nthat the case may not be decided before January 1, 2025, when a key\nrequirement for some companies to begin measuring their GHG emissions kicks\nin.\n\n**South Korea\u2019s top court: climate action is a legal duty.** In a landmark\nruling issued on August 29, South Korea\u2019s Constitutional Court found that the\nSouth Korean government\u2019s unambitious climate targets are unconstitutional\nbecause they fail to protect the rights of future generations. South Korea\ncurrently has no legally binding targets to cut greenhouse gas emissions\nbetween 2031 and 2049. Stating that \u201clegislators have the duty and\nresponsibility to make concrete laws for mid- and long-term greenhouse gas\nreduction plans,\u201d the court has given the government until February 2026 to\nset firm carbon-reduction targets for 2031 and beyond. The case, _Woodpecker\net al. v. South Korea_ , is being seen as significant not just for its impact\non South Korea but as an important precedent for the Asia Pacific region,\nwhere similar cases are moving forward in Japan, Taiwan, and Indonesia. The\ncase was initially brought in 2020 by The Youth 4 Climate Action and was\nultimately consolidated with three other suits. Lead plaintiff Woodpecker, at\nthe time the suit was filed, was a 20-week-old fetus.\n\n**Irish High Court to hear case on Climate Action Plan 2024.** The High Court\nof Ireland on September 9 granted leave to a group of applicants \u2013 Community\nLaw & Mediation (CLM), a community law center based in Dublin and Limerick,\nalong with a grandfather, a youth climate activist, and a child \u2013 who are\nasking the court to declare that the government\u2019s Climate Action Plan 2024\n(CAP24) does not comply with the Climate and Low Carbon Development Act 2015\nand thus undermines the country\u2019s climate action efforts. CAP24 sets out\nIreland\u2019s roadmap for meeting its legally binding carbon budget. The\nplaintiffs also allege that CAP24 violates the fundamental rights of the three\nindividual applicants, the marginalized groups CLM assists, and future Irish\ngenerations, as protected by the Constitution of Ireland, the European\nConvention on Human Rights, and the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. A\nseparate challenge brought by Friends of the Irish Environment concerning\nClimate Action Plan 2023 is also moving through the courts.\n\n#### _ CLIMATE CHANGE: THE MARKETPLACE _\n\n**Consumers are prioritizing sustainability \u2013 CEOs? Not so much.** Consumers\nare becoming increasingly concerned about climate change, and in particular\nthe part they play in it, and are looking to brands and retailers as well as\ngovernments for guidance in their sustainability journey \u2013 but, according to a\nreport from global consultancy Bain & Company, CEOs meanwhile are shifting\ntheir focus away from sustainability to other pressing concerns.\n\u201cSustainability still matters,\u201d observes _The Visionary CEO\u2019s Guide to\nSustainability 2024_ , \u201cbut companies are struggling to meet their existing\ncommitments.\u201d That changed focus, the report finds, arises as business leaders\ncome to understand that the transformation to sustainability will more\ndifficult or take longer than expected. \u201cMany sustainability efforts are\ncurrently in this trough,\u201d the report says. At such a point, \u201cvisionary\npragmatism is needed more than ever.\u201d \u201cSooner than expected,\u201d the report\nstates, \u201ca mix of new technologies, consumer and customer behavior, and smart\npolicy will create valuable opportunities for the most forward-thinking\ncompanies across industries.\u201d\n\n**Greening commercial leases.** Many large companies have reported that they\nare not sufficiently prepared to meet emerging climate-risk reporting and\nverification requirements, nor are they prepared to take advantage of climate-\nrelated opportunities. \u201cGreening\u201d your commercial leases - establishing\nlegally enforceable cooperation between building owners and tenants to address\nclimate risks and climate reporting requirements - can be a key starting point\nin the sustainability journey. [ Our alert tells you more ](/en-\nus/insights/publications/2024/08/greening-your-leases-the-cornerstone-of-\nclimate-resilience-and-readiness-in-commercial-real-estate) .\n\n#### _ SUPPLY CHAIN _\n\n**European Union Deforestation Regulation: What US companies need to know .**\nDue diligence requirements under the Regulation on Deforestation-Free Products\n(EUDR) will apply starting on December 30, 2024, setting in motion a landmark\nregulation to prevent products linked to deforestation and forest degradation\nfrom being placed on the EU market. The EUDR effectively prohibits the import,\nsale, or export of certain commodities and derivatives within the EU unless\nthey are deforestation-free, produced in accordance with relevant local laws\nin their country of production, and covered by a due diligence statement\nsubmitted electronically to an information system accessible to competent and\ncustoms authorities. [ See our alert ](/en-\nus/insights/publications/2024/09/european-union-deforestation-regulation) . ** \n \nAsian countries, Australia to establish supply chain for sustainable fuels. **\nJapan, Australia, and nine Southeast Asian countries have agreed to establish\nan extensive Asian supply chain geared to the production and distribution of\nsustainable fuels, with a particular focus on biofuels and other renewable\nfuels. This agreement was established in August during the second Asia Zero\nEmission Community Ministerial Meeting in Jakarta. Among the agreement\u2019s\ngoals: developing a roadmap to establish supply chains for sustainable fuels\nand leveraging renewable resources to power the net zero transition.\n\n#### _ BUSINESS AND HUMAN RIGHTS _\n\n**California AB 3234 \u2013 social compliance audits on use of child labor.** In\naddition to the three environmental bills we cover in this month\u2019s Regulatory\nsection, also awaiting California Governor Newsom\u2019s signature is AB 3234,\nwhich would require employers who have voluntarily undergone social compliance\naudits about the use of child labor in their business to post, on the company\nwebsite, a clear, obvious link to an online report detailing the latest\naudit\u2019s findings. \u201cSocial compliance audit\u201d is defined as an inspection of any\nfactory, production house, farm, or packaging facility operated by a business\nto verify its compliance with social and ethical responsibilities as well as\nhealth and safety regulations regarding child labor. Among the requirements to\nbe set out in the online report: whether the business engages in child labor,\nwhether the business exposes children to hazardous or unsafe workplace\nsituations, and whether children work within or outside regular school hours\nor during night hours. Notably, businesses would not be required to carry out\nsuch social compliance audits \u2013 the process remains voluntary.\n\n**Florida\u2019s HB 1331 \u2013 contractors required to make certifications addressing\nforced labor.** Florida\u2019s landmark HB 1331, now in effect, requires companies\nseeking to provide commodities to state and local governments in Florida to\ncertify that their products are not made with forced labor. The certification\nmust be provided to the Florida Department of Management Services (DMS), in\nwriting, by a member of the company\u2019s senior management. Failure to complete\nthis certification \u2013 which entails a process of due diligence to ensure the\nhuman rights integrity of the supply chain \u2013 may result in the company being\nineligible to contract with the state. Furthermore, HB 1331 requires the DMS\nto create and maintain a publicly available Forced Labor Vendor List\nidentifying companies that have been disqualified from public contracting due\nto their failure to make the required certification. Companies that falsely\ncertify compliance with HB 1331 or make the certification but should have\nknown that there was forced labor in their supply chain shall be assessed the\ngreater of a $1,000 fine or an amount equal to 20 percent the value of the\ncommodity provided under the contract. To learn more, please contact [ Andrew\nCurrent ](/en-us/people/c/current-andrew) or [ Tom Daley ](/en-\nus/people/d/daley-thomas) . ****\n\n**South Korea: CEOs arrested.** South Korea is seeing the first arrests of\ncompany leadership under its Serious Accident Punishment Act. On August 29,\nPark Soon-kwan, CEO of the lithium battery manufacturer Aricell, and his son\nPark Joong-eon, head of factory management, were arrested and charged with\nviolating the act in the wake of a fire at a battery plant in June in which 23\nworkers \u2013 most of them migrants \u2013 died. The investigation into that fire has\nbeen in the news in South Korea all summer. In early August, the Ministry of\nLabor and Employment announced tighter safety regulations and support measures\nfor manufacturing facilities in an effort to protect foreign employees. On\nAugust 23, police investigating the fire said the company, pushing to fulfill\na major contract, had rushed production, ignored signs of danger, and provided\nno safety training to employees, many of whom were not fluent in Korean. More\nlargely, it appears that enforcers may no longer be reluctant to deploy the\nAct, which entered into law in 2022. Also on August 29, Park Young-min, CEO of\nzinc producer Yeongpoong Seokpo, and another senior staff member were arrested\non charges arising from an accident at a company refinery last year.\n\n#### _ ESG INVESTMENT _\n\n**Euronext announces ESG financial tools and initiatives.** Pan-European stock\nexchange Euronext is launching a set of ESG investing and sustainability\ninitiatives and tools that it hopes will accelerate the transition to\nsustainable finance. Among the programs, announced on September 9 during\nEuronext Sustainability Week, are a tool to help listed companies benchmark\ntheir ESG performance relative to peers and an ESG Advisory Service to help\nsmall and medium-sized enterprises implement the EU\u2019s [ Corporate\nSustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) disclosure requirements ](/en-\nus/insights/publications/2023/06/eus-corporate-sustainability-reporting-\ndirective) . Euronext also announced the new Euronext Sustainable Network,\nbeing created to establish a collaborative ecosystem of sustainable finance\nmarket participants across Europe - banks, auditors, carbon brokers, advisory\ncompanies, law firms, data providers, and investment firms.\n\n#### _ ESG CALENDAR \u2013 KEY REPORTING DEADLINES, COMING EVENTS _\n\n**_Deadlines_ **\n\n * **US:** California Transparency in Supply Chains Act \u2013 annually based on the company\u2019s internal annual publication deadline \n * **Canada:** Bill S-211, Fighting Against Forced Labor and Child Labor in Supply Chains Act \u2013 annually on May 31 \n * **EU:** Taxonomy Regulation \n * NFRD obliged companies \u2013 financial years starting on or from January 1, 2024 (with reports due in 2025/2026) \n * Large undertakings and parents of large groups \u2013 financial years starting on or from January 1, 2025 (with reports due in 2026) \n * **EU:** Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) \n * Large EU Public Interest entities (NFRD obliged) \u2013 January 1, 2024 (with reports due in 2025) and then annually \n * Large EU undertakings and parents of large EU groups \u2013 January 1, 2025 (with reports due in 2026) and then annually \n * Non-EU parent companies \u2013 January 1, 2028 (with reports due in 2029) and then annually \n * **EU:** Deforestation Regulation \u2013 the regulations will substantively apply from December 30, 2024 onwards. \n * **EU:** Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD) \n * 2027 for companies with 5,000+ employees and \u20ac1.5 billion \n * 2028 for companies with 3,000+ employees and \u20ac900 million net turnover and \n * 2029 for all other companies that fall within the scope of the CSDDD. \n * **UK:** Modern Slavery Act, Transparency in Supply Chains Act \u2013 annually. Companies should publish their statement as soon as possible after their financial year end, which is expected to be, at most, within six months of the organization\u2019s financial year end. Companies may wish to publish these statements at the same time as they publish other annual accounts. \n * **Germany:** Act on Corporate Due Diligence Obligations in Supply Chains \n * Phase 1 \u2013 June 1, 2025 \n * Phase 2 \u2013 annually on January 1 \n * **Switzerland:** Due Diligence and Transparency in Relation to Minerals and Metals from Conflict-Affected Areas and Child Labor \u2013 annually on June 30 \n * **Norway:** Transparency Act \u2013 annually on June 30 \n * **Australia:** Modern Slavery Act \n * If the business reporting date is based on calendar year ( _ie_ , January 1 to December 31), then the reporting deadline is annually on June 30 \n * If the business reporting date is based on Australian financial year ( _ie_ , July 1 to June 30), then the reporting deadline is annually on December 31 \n * If the business reporting date is based on Foreign Financial Year \u2013 including United Kingdom and Japan ( _ie_ , April 1 to March 31) \u2013 then the reporting deadline is annually on September 30 \n * **Australia:** Climate-Related Financial Disclosures \n * Group 1: January 1, 2025 is start date for first year\u2019s report, due January 1, 2026 \n * Group 2: July 1, 2026 is start date for first year\u2019s report, due July 1, 2027 \n * Group 3: July 1, 2027 is start date for first year\u2019s report, due July 1, 2028 \n\n**_Coming events_ **\n\n * [ Climate Week NYC ](https://www.climateweeknyc.org/) takes place September 22-29, 2024 in New York City. \n * [ World Conference on Climate Change & Sustainability ](https://climateweek.thepeopleevents.com/) takes place October 21-23 in Barcelona. \n * The [ 2024 United Nations Biodiversity Conference ](https://www.un.org/esa/forests/events/sixteenth-meeting-of-the-conference-of-the-parties-cop16-to-the-convention-on-biological-diversity/index.html) of the Parties (COP16) to the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) will be held October 21 - November 1, 2024 in Cali, Colombia. \n * [ 16th session of the UN Convention to Combat Desertification ](https://www.unccd.int/cop16) takes places December 2 \u2013 13, 2024 in Riyadh. \n * [ The 2024 United Nations Climate Change Conference ](https://unfccc.int/cop29) (COP 29) will be held November 11 \u2013 22, 2024 in Baku, Azerbaijan. \n * [ The 13th United Nations Forum on Business and Human Rights ](https://www.ohchr.org/en/events/sessions/2024/13th-united-nations-forum-business-and-human-rights) will be held November 25 \u2013 27, 2024, both hybrid and in-person in Geneva, Switzerland. \n\n## Related insights\n\n[ Publication Space safety and sustainability: Preserving our future in orbit\n10 July 2023 . 1 minute read ](/en-us/insights/publications/2023/06/space-\nsafety-and-sustainability-preserving-our-future-in-orbit)\n\n[ Publication DLA Piper\u2019s plastics industry legal topic hub 16 September\n2024 . 1 minute read ](/en-us/insights/publications/2024/09/dla-pipers-\nplastics-industry-legal-topic-hub)\n\n[ Publication EU\u2019s Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive: What US\ncompanies need to know 28 June 2023 . 15 minute read ](/en-\nus/insights/publications/2023/06/eus-corporate-sustainability-reporting-\ndirective)\n\nPrint\n\n#### Related capabilities\n\n[ Environmental, Social and Governance ](/en-us/capabilities/practice-\narea/esg) [ Environment, Health and Safety ](/en-us/capabilities/practice-\narea/regulatory-and-government-affairs/environment-health-and-safety) [\nRegulatory and Government Affairs ](/en-us/capabilities/practice-\narea/regulatory-and-government-affairs) [ Energy and Natural Resources ](/en-\nus/capabilities/industry/energy-and-natural-resources) [ Manufacturing ](/en-\nus/capabilities/industry/industrials/manufacturing) [ Industrials ](/en-\nus/capabilities/industry/industrials) [ Financial Services ](/en-\nus/capabilities/industry/financial-services) [ Consumer Goods ](/en-\nus/capabilities/industry/consumer-goods-food-and-retail/consumer-goods) [\nAntitrust and Competition ](/en-us/capabilities/practice-area/litigation-\narbitration-and-investigations/antitrust-and-competition) [ Retail and Fashion\n](/en-us/capabilities/industry/consumer-goods-food-and-retail/retail-and-\nfashion) [ Corporate ](/en-us/capabilities/practice-area/corporate) [\nInvestment Management and Funds ](/en-us/capabilities/practice-\narea/investment-funds) [ Finance ](/en-us/capabilities/practice-area/finance)\n[ Consumer Goods, Food and Retail ](/en-us/capabilities/industry/consumer-\ngoods-food-and-retail) [ Compliance ](/en-us/capabilities/practice-\narea/litigation-arbitration-and-investigations/compliance) [ Financial\nServices Regulatory ](/en-us/capabilities/industry/financial-\nservices/financial-services-regulatory)\n\n * [ People ](/en-us/people)\n * [ Capabilities ](/en-us/capabilities)\n * [ About us ](/en-us/about-us)\n * [ Insights ](/en-us/insights)\n * [ Careers ](/en-us/careers)\n\n * [ Locations ](/en-us/locations)\n * [ News ](/en-us/news)\n * [ Events ](/en-us/events)\n * [ Blogs ](/en-us/insights/blogs)\n * [ Alumni ](/en-us/alumni)\n * [ Pro bono ](/en-us/about-us/pro-bono)\n\n[ ](https://www.linkedin.com/company/dla-piper/) [\n](https://twitter.com/DLA_Piper) [ ](https://instagram.com/dlapiper/)\n\n[ ](https://www.facebook.com/DLAPiperGlobal/) [\n](https://www.youtube.com/user/DLAPipervideos)\n\n * [ Contact us ](/en-us/contact-us)\n * [ Find an office ](/en-us/locations)\n * [ Subscribe ](/en-us/subscribe)\n\n[ Privacy policy ](/en-us/legal-notices/additional/privacy-policy \"internal\")\n[ Your privacy choices ](/en-us/legal-notices/additional/your-privacy-choices\n\"internal\") [ Legal notices ](/en-us/legal-notices/global-legal-notices\n\"internal\") [ Cookie policy ](/en-us/legal-notices/additional/cookie-policy\n\"internal\") [ Fraud Alert ](/en-us/legal-notices/additional/fraud-alert\n\"internal\") [ Make a payment ](https://paymentportal.dlapiper.com/ \"external\")\n[ Sitemap ](https://www.dlapiper.com/sitemap.xml \"external\")\n\nDLA Piper is a global law firm operating through various separate and distinct\nlegal entities. 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"document": "Reserve your copy Companies continue to be challenged by ever-changing risks, including operating in sectors that require goods and services to be sourced from a complex network of suppliers spanning across nations. With access to new labor markets and emerging technologies, companies who span across country lines could be at risk of human rights abuses in supply chains.",
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"document": "min read Companies continue to be challenged by ever-changing risks, including operating in sectors that require goods and services to be sourced from a complex network of suppliers spanning across nations. With access to new labor markets and emerging technologies, companies who span across country lines could be at risk of human rights abuses in supply chains.",
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"document": "min read No items found. Companies continue to be challenged by ever-changing risks, including operating in sectors that require goods and services to be sourced from a complex network of suppliers spanning across nations. With access to new labor markets and emerging technologies, companies who span across country lines could be at risk of human rights abuses in supply chains.",
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"document": "min read Companies continue to be challenged by ever-changing risks, including operating in sectors that require goods and services to be sourced from a complex network of suppliers spanning across nations. With access to new labor markets and emerging technologies, companies who span across country lines could be at risk of human rights abuses in supply chains.",
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"document": "* * * LeBaron, Genevieve 2021\\. _The Role of Supply Chains in the Global Business of Forced Labour_ . Journal of Supply Chain Management, Vol. 57, Issue. 2, p. 29\\.",
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"document": "global supply chains can offer important opportunities for economic and social development, they often present serious human rights risks that many companies have failed to mitigate and respond to effectively.",
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"document": "[4] International Labour Organization, \u201cFollowing decades of rapid increase, global supply chain jobs shrink,\" WCMS_370189, May 21, 2015, [ http://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/newsroom/news/WCMS_370189/lang-- en/index.htm ](http://www.ilo.org/global/about-the- ilo/newsroom/news/WCMS_370189/lang--en/index.htm) (accessed April 7, 2016).",
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"document": "They should consider making a \u201cdeep-dive\u201d assessment of their product pricing, supplier capacity, product lead times, ship dates, product changes and critical path management to determine ways to improve in order to take unnecessary pressure off suppliers and the workers they employ. ### Director\u2019s Corner",
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"document": "As the field of supply chain due diligence has matured, the downstream value chain is increasingly becoming a focal point for more traditional sectors like pharmaceuticals and heavy industry. Now more than ever, we can see and feel the human rights impacts of business products and services, which in turn has elevated the need for businesses to take a serious look at how their products",
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"document": "rather than the upstream supply chain or direct business operations.",
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"document": "[15] El Makhloufi, Abdel, et al. Towards a Sustainable Agro-Logistics in Developing Countries. Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences (AUAS), Sept. 2018, http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/735521553488355096/pdf/Towards- Sustainable-Agrologistics-in-Developing-Countries-Cocoa-Supply-Chain-in-Cote- D-ivoire.pdf. Accessed 21 Oct. 2021.",
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"source": "https://foodispower.org/human-labor-slavery/slavery-chocolate/"
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"document": "The downstream value chain encompasses the human rights impacts that occur during and after the sale of a product or service and is influenced by the business inputs to that product or service (e.g., R&D, design, testing, promotion). ### **A. The End Use** What is this product and/or service intended to do or achieve? Should the company sell this product/service for this intended end use?",
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"document": "* * * Advancement 3 Expected company action further up the value chain __",
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"document": "* * * ##### [ Optimize Your Supply Chain - Stop Using Spreadsheets ](/blog/optimize-your-supply-chain---stop-using-spreadsheets) ##### [ Managing Subcontractor Risks: Ensuring Compliance and Mitigating Disruptions in Complex Supply Chains (UK) ](/blog/managing-subcontractor- risks-ensuring-compliance-and-mitigating-disruptions-in-complex-supply-chains- en-uk)",
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"document": "\u00e2\u0080\u008d , Modern Slavery Risk Management Supply Chain Risk Supply Chain Management ### Stay updated with Avetta by signing up for our newsletter We'll keep you in the loop with everything good going on in the modern working world. Thank you! Your submission has been received! Oops! Something went wrong while submitting the form.",
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"document": "\u00e2\u0080\u008d , Speakers No items found. Modern Slavery Risk Management Supply Chain Risk Supply Chain Management ### Get instant access Thank you! Your submission has been received! ##### The Reputational Risk of Human Rights Abuses in Supply Chains Download now Download now Watch webinar Watch webinar Oops! Something went wrong while submitting the form.",
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"source": "https://cowboycleanfuels.com/company-news/cowboy-clean-fuels-announces-transformative-financing-and-commercial-progress/"
}
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"document": "\u00e2\u0080\u008d Modern Slavery Risk Management Supply Chain Risk Supply Chain Management ### Sign up to reserve your copy of the report now Thank you! Your submission has been received! ##### The Reputational Risk of Human Rights Abuses in Supply Chains Download now Download now Watch webinar Watch webinar Oops! Something went wrong while submitting the form.",
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"document": "\u00e2\u0080\u008d Download now Download now Download now Download now , Modern Slavery Risk Management Supply Chain Risk Supply Chain Management ### Get instant access Thank you! Your submission has been received! Watch now Watch now Download now Download now You may also be interested in: * * *",
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"document": "* * * Bag, Surajit and Dhamija, Pavitra 2023\\. _Research progress on working conditions in supply chains: a comprehensive literature review and future research propositions_ . The TQM Journal, Vol. 35, Issue. 8, p. 2282\\.",
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"document": "* [ CrossRef ](https://doi.org/10.1108/TQM-09-2022-0290) * [ Google Scholar ](https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Research+progress+on+working+conditions+in+supply+chains:+a+comprehensive+literature+review+and+future+research+propositions&author=Bag+Surajit&author=Dhamija+Pavitra&publication_year=2023) * * *",
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"document": "* * * Han, Chen Jia, Fu Jiang, Mengqi and Chen, Lujie 2024\\. _Modern slavery in supply chains: a systematic literature review_ . International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, Vol. 27, Issue. 7, p. 1206\\.",
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"document": "2. Risk Assessment of Contractors and Their Recruiting Practices: It\u00e2\u0080\u0099s critical for companies to thoroughly assess each supply chain partner and evaluate their recruiting and work practices to identify any potential forms of abuse or human rights violations.",
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"document": "2. Risk Assessment of Contractors and Their Recruiting Practices: It\u00e2\u0080\u0099s critical for companies to thoroughly assess each supply chain partner and evaluate their recruiting and work practices to identify any potential forms of abuse or human rights violations.",
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"document": "2. Risk Assessment of Contractors and Their Recruiting Practices: It\u00e2\u0080\u0099s critical for companies to thoroughly assess each supply chain partner and evaluate their recruiting and work practices to identify any potential forms of abuse or human rights violations.",
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"document": "* * * Strand, Vanja Lotfi, Maryam Flynn, Anthony and Walker, Helen 2024\\. _A systematic literature review of modern slavery in supply chain management: State of the art, framework development and research opportunities_ . Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 435, Issue. , p. 140301\\.",
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"document": "* [ CrossRef ](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.140301) * [ Google Scholar ](https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=A+systematic+literature+review+of+modern+slavery+in+supply+chain+management:+State+of+the+art+framework+development+and+research+opportunities&author=Strand+Vanja&author=Lotfi+Maryam&author=Flynn+Anthony&author=Walker+Helen&publication_year=2024) * * *",
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"source": "https://www.bcorporation.net/en-us/find-a-b-corp/company/cowboy"
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"document": "### Insufficient assessment and monitoring of risks of human rights abuses Companies should take steps to ensure that they know what the risks of human rights violations in their supply chain are, and should monitor and address those risks on an ongoing basis. In order to correctly assess risks in their supply chain, companies need to be familiar with every link in their supply chain.",
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"document": "* * * ##### [ Optimize Your Supply Chain - Stop Using Spreadsheets ](/blog/optimize-your-supply-chain---stop-using-spreadsheets) ##### [ Managing Subcontractor Risks: Ensuring Compliance and Mitigating Disruptions in Complex Supply Chains (UK) ](/blog/managing-subcontractor- risks-ensuring-compliance-and-mitigating-disruptions-in-complex-supply-chains- en-uk)",
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"document": "\u00e2\u0080\u008d , Modern Slavery Risk Management Supply Chain Risk Supply Chain Management ### Stay updated with Avetta by signing up for our newsletter We'll keep you in the loop with everything good going on in the modern working world. Thank you! Your submission has been received! Oops! Something went wrong while submitting the form.",
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"document": "\u00e2\u0080\u008d , Speakers No items found. Modern Slavery Risk Management Supply Chain Risk Supply Chain Management ### Get instant access Thank you! Your submission has been received! ##### The Reputational Risk of Human Rights Abuses in Supply Chains Download now Download now Watch webinar Watch webinar Oops! Something went wrong while submitting the form.",
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